331:(San Francisco, City Lights, 2001 p.vii) David Meltzer writes: "The language cadres never truly left college. They've always been good students, and now they're excellent teachers. The professionalization and rationalization of poetry in the academy took hold and routinized the teaching and writing of poetry." Later in the volume (p. 128) poet Joanne Kyger comments: "The Language school I felt was a kind of an alienating intellectualization of the energies of poetry. It carried it away from the source. It may have been a housecleaning from confessional poetry, but I found it a sterilization of poetry."
327:. The terms "language writing" and "language-centered writing" are also commonly used, and are perhaps the most generic terms. None of the poets associated with the tendency has used the equal signs when referring to the writing collectively. Its use in some critical articles can be taken as an indicator of the author's outsider status. There is also debate about whether or not a writer can be called a language poet without being part of that specific coterie; is it a style or is it a group of people? In his introduction to
43:
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888:) are most recognizable as precursors to the Language poets. Many of these poets used procedural methods based on mathematical sequences and other logical organising devices to structure their poetry. This practice proved highly useful to the language group. The application of process, especially at the level of the
554:
Certain poetry reading series, especially in New York, Washington, D.C., and San
Francisco, were important venues for the performance of this new work, and for the development of dialogue and collaboration among poets. Most important were Ear Inn reading series in New York, founded in 1978 by Ted
920:
In many ways, what
Language poetry is is still being determined. Most of the poets whose work falls within the bounds of the Language school are still alive and still active contributors. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Language poetry was widely received as a significant movement in
794:
structures in their compositions, which, even when employing everyday speech, created a far different texture. The result is often alien and difficult to understand at first glance, which is what
Language poetry intends: for the reader to participate in creating the meaning of the poem.
754:
Language poetry emphasizes the reader's role in bringing meaning out of a work. It developed in part in response to what poets considered the uncritical use of expressive lyric sentiment among earlier poetry movements. In the 1950s and 1960s, certain groups of poets had followed
830:, whose writing, he argues, privileged self-expression, and the Language poets, who see the poem as a construction in and of language itself. In contrast, Bernstein has emphasized the expressive possibilities of working with constructed, and even found, language.
322:
from the 1970s to the present. Even the name has been controversial: while a number of poets and critics have used the name of the journal to refer to the group, many others have chosen to use the term, when they used it at all, without the
1088:
A significant number of women poets, and magazines and anthologies of innovative women's poetry, have been associated with language poetry on both sides of the
Atlantic. They often represent a distinct set of concerns. Among the poets are
425:, Grenier declared: "I HATE SPEECH". Grenier's ironic statement (itself a speech act), and a questioning attitude to the referentiality of language, became central to language poets. Ron Silliman, in the introduction to his anthology
235:
Language poetry emphasizes the reader's role in bringing meaning out of a work. It plays down expression, seeing the poem as a construction in and of language itself. In more theoretical terms, it challenges the
410:
magazine also contributed to the development of ideas in language poetry. The first significant collection of language-centered poetics was the article, "The
Politics of the Referent," edited by
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New York: Roof Books, 1987. An early collection of talks and essays that situates language poetry into contemporary political thought, linguistics, and literary tradition. See esp. section II.
1181:, "an experiment in collective autobiography" published in ten small volumes. Editing and communication for the collaboration was accomplished over email. Authors of The Grand Piano were
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938:
382:, ran from 1978 to 1982, and was published in New York. It featured poetics, forums on writers in the movement, and themes such as "The Politics of Poetry" and "Reading Stein".
1886:. Described as an ongoing experiment in collective autobiography by ten writers identified with Language poetry in San Francisco. The project will consist of 10 volumes in all.
1163:
1967:
Greer, Michael, "Ideology and Theory in Recent
Experimental Writing or, the Naming of "Language Poetry," boundary 2, vol. 16, no. 2/3 (Winter/Spring, 1989), pp. 335–355.
896:. Stein's influence was related to her own frequent use of language divorced from reference in her own writings. The language poets also drew on the philosophical works of
826:. Silliman considers Language poetry to be a continuation (albeit incorporating a critique) of the earlier movements. Watten has emphasized the discontinuity between the
1240:, have stressed their own ambiguous relationship to "Language poetry", even after decades of fruitful engagement. Finkelstein, in a discussion with Mark Scroggins about
1229:. The authors of The Grand Piano sought to reconnect their writing practices and to "recall and contextualize events from the period of the late 1970s." Each volume of
1244:, points to a "risk" when previously marginalized poets try to write their own literary histories, "not the least of which is a self-regard bordering on narcissism".
488:, and also in several other key publications and essays of the time, established the field of discussion that would emerge as Language (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E) poetry.
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334:
Online writing samples of many language poets can be found on internet sites, including blogs and sites maintained by authors and through gateways such as the
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1709:
Lutzkanova-Vassileva, Albena, "The
Testimonies of Russian and American Postmodern Poetry: Reference, Trauma, and History." New York: Bloomsbury, 2013
1177:
Ten of the
Language poets, each of whom at one time curated the reading series at the San Francisco coffee house of that name, collaborated to write
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features essays by all ten authors in different sequence; often responding to prompts and problems arising from one another's essays in the series.
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455:"Thus capitalized, these words in an essay entitled "On Speech," the second of five short critical pieces by Robert Grenier in the first issue of
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1946:, ed. Ian Morris and Joanne Diaz (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015). Available online via Andrew's faculty page at Fordham University:
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2022:
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Hejinian, Lyn and
Barrett Watten, eds.."A Guide to Poetics Journal: Writing in the Expanded Field, 1982–1998." Wesleyan University Press, 2013
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288:
126:
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In the Un-American Tree: The L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E Poetries and Their
Aftermath, with a Special Reference to Charles Bernstein Translated
563:; Folio Books in Washington, D.C., founded by Doug Lang; and the Grand Piano reading series in San Francisco, which was curated by
3487:
921:
innovative poetry in the U.S., a trend accentuated by the fact that some of its leading proponents took up academic posts in the
2211:
2100:
1389:
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During the 1970s, a number of magazines published poets who would become associated with the Language movement. These included
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1330:
Michael Greer (Winter/Spring 1989). "Ideology and Theory in Recent Experimental Writing or, the Naming of 'Language Poetry'",
560:
107:
64:
559:'s Segue Foundation and curated by Mitch Highfill, Jeanne Lance, Andrew Levy, Rob Fitterman, Laynie Brown, Alan Davies, and
459:, the magazine he cofounded with Barrett Watten in winter, 1971, announced a breach – and a new moment in American writing.
79:
964:
Language poetry also developed affiliations with literary scenes outside the States, notably England, Canada (through the
2732:
2587:
2073:
735:
86:
2189:
539:, appeared from 1982 to 1998. Significant early gatherings of Language writing included Bruce Andrews's selection in
1605:, 1986; reprint ed. with a new afterword, 2002. An anthology of language poetry that serves as a very useful primer.
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1602:
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1002:: in the 1970s and 1980s there were extensive contacts between American Language poets and veteran UK writers like
965:
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Poets, some of whom have been mentioned above, who were associated with the first wave of Language poetry include:
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The movement has been highly decentralized. On the West Coast, an early seed of language poetry was the launch of
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American English rather than what they considered the 'heightened', or overtly poetic language favored by the
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website devoted to the "collective autobiography" by 10 of the so-called "West Coast" group of Language poets
639:
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2120:
756:
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2099:" (one of the keynote addresses at the International Conference on 20th Century American Poetry, hosted by
2011:
75:
3195:
2826:
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2422:
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2154:"Verse vs. Verse: The Language Poets are taking over the academy. But will success spoil their integrity?"
1993:
1039:
942:
889:
475:
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699:
556:
403:
225:
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3104:
2532:
2462:
2452:
1434:
1066:
909:
857:
768:
671:
361:
292:
2145:
3323:
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2717:
2659:
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2407:
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2153:
1074:
1015:
885:
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815:
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526:
430:
300:
157:
267:, members of the Language school took as their starting point the emphasis on method evident in the
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2312:
2267:
1463:
1206:
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edited by Maggie O'Sullivan for Reality Street Editions in London (1996) and Mary Margaret Sloan's
954:
897:
731:
711:
651:
603:
588:
1130:
1062:
3402:
3307:
3190:
3131:
2914:
2774:
2592:
2547:
2487:
2457:
2427:
1078:
1043:
930:
905:
631:
619:
496:
249:
205:
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3009:
2989:
2939:
2769:
2707:
2542:
2437:
2432:
2382:
2372:
2125:
1926:
1912:
1879:
1844:
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1502:
1194:
1154:
1150:
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969:
659:
572:
296:
193:
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3348:
3292:
3143:
3138:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3029:
2744:
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2522:
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2129:
1989:
1979:
1947:
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268:
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165:
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1971:
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1908:
1393:
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1164:
Out of Everywhere: Linguistically Innovative Poetry by Women in North America & the UK
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853:
800:
667:
655:
599:
434:
411:
356:
304:
169:
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865:
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are the modernist poets who most influenced the Language school. In the postwar period,
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2347:
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536:
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280:
272:
213:
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185:
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Bleed-Over and Decadence, or: No Bones About It, They're Talking About Language Poetry
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683:
635:
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391:
375:
284:
217:
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appealed to a number of young U.S. poets who were dissatisfied with the work of the
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1007:
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189:
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and theoretical documents, though Geoff Ward wrote a book about the phenomenon.
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1023:
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324:
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319:
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Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003. See esp. chaps. 2 and 3.
17:
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339:
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emphasized both speech and everyday language in their poetry and poetics.
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1964:, ed. Joe Bray, Alison Gibbons, Brian McHale (London: Routledge, 2012).
1695:
The Birth-Mark: Unsettling the Wilderness in American Literary History.
1061:
A second generation of poets influenced by the Language poets includes
1054:) were perhaps more skeptical about language poetry and its associated
1030:
was instrumental in the transatlantic dialogue between American and UK
981:
922:
264:
3392:
3338:
2979:
2974:
2861:
2727:
2537:
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1729:
The Marginalization of Poetry: Language Writing and Literary History.
1704:
Assembling Alternatives: Reading Postmodern Poetries Transnationally.
985:
977:
343:
237:
2196:
2111:
Silliman's Blog: A weblog focused on contemporary poetry and poetics
1225:, served as an archivist and contributed one essay on the filmmaker
160:
that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The poets included:
2110:
2387:
2190:
Language Poetry: Dissident Practices and the Makings of a Movement
1819:
The Constructivist Moment: From Material Text to Cultural Poetics.
1805:
Leaving Lines of Gender: A Feminist Genealogy of Language Writing.
1082:
730:(1928–1997). This list accurately reflects the high proportion of
1691:
Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1988. Rpt, New Directions, 2007.
1421:
Leaving Lines of Gender: A Feminist Genealogy of Language Writing
3328:
2999:
2337:
2136:
1960:
Bernstein, Charles, "The Expanded Field of L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E," in
973:
2655:
2200:
543:(1973); Silliman's selection "The Dwelling Place: 9 Poets" in
36:
1784:
Objects in the Terrifying Tense / Longing from Taking Place.
1171:
Moving Borders: Three Decades of Innovative Writing by Women
555:
Greenwald and Charles Bernstein and later organized through
240:" presence of a speaker behind the text; and emphasizes the
1876:
The Grand Piano: An Experiment in Collective Autobiography.
439:
2035:
1972:
Linking Words with the World: The Language Poetry Mission
1843:
Berkeley, CA: Atelos | (Small Press Distribution), 1998.
1624:
Artifice and Indeterminacy: An Anthology of New Poetics.
1307:
Linking Words with the World: The Language Poetry Mission
547:(1975), and Charles Bernstein's "A Language Sampler," in
30:"L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E" redirects here. For the magazine, see
1925:
Berkeley, CA: Atelos | Small Press Distribution, 1998.
996:. It had a particularly interesting relation to the UK
1814:
Keele: British Association for American Studies, 1993.
1566:
The Politics of Poetic Form: Poetry and Public Policy.
734:
across the spectrum of the Language writing movement.
531:
which published writings in poetics and was edited by
2030:
Meaning, Unmeaning and the Poetics of L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
1827:
Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
1654:"Pitch of Poetry." University of Chicago Press, 2016.
1649:
Attack of the Difficult Poems: Essays and Inventions.
1548:
Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
1065:(also a noted translator of modern Japanese poetry),
1994:"The Word as Such: LANGUAGE: Poetry in the Eighties"
1759:
Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2000
3316:
3238:
3077:
3017:
3008:
2890:
2690:
1807:
Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2000.
1706:
Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003.
782:In contrast, some of the Language poets emphasized
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2023:On First Looking into Knowledge (XXG)'s 'Language'
1731:Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996.
1626:Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1998
1720:Prior to Meaning: The Protosemantic and Poetics.
1714:North of Intention: Critical Writings 1973–1986.
1697:Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1993.
750:Poetics of language writing: Theory and practice
1684:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
474:The range of poetry published that focused on "
287:. Its immediate postmodern precursors were the
1962:Routledge Companion to Experimental Literature
1790:The Public World / Syntactically Impermanence.
1670:Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004.
1619:Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1996.
1579:Postmodern American Poetry: A Norton Anthology
810:which Watten edited), along with the magazine
2667:
2212:
1812:Language Poetry and the American Avant-Garde.
1313:, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 175-190; here: p. 179.
908:among different uses, as the solution to the
8:
2146:Language Poetry and the American Avant-Garde
1957:12 (1986): 741–752. Available through JStor.
1953:Bartlett, Lee, "What is 'Language Poetry'?"
1677:Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
1544:Andrews, Bruce, and Charles Bernstein, eds.
1509:blog, with commentary by Norman Finkelstein.
892:, was to become the basic tenet of language
1978:, vol. 29 (2016), no. 1, pp. 175–190.
1944:The Little Magazine in Contemporary America
1405:"Introduction: Language, Realism, Poetry,"
1334:, vol. 16, no. 2/3, pp. 335–355. See also:
738:associated with the movement include Hunt,
329:San Francisco Beat: Talking With the Poets
3014:
2674:
2660:
2652:
2219:
2205:
2197:
1492:. thegrandpiano.org. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
1409:(See below "Further reading: Anthologies")
1301:
1299:
1174:(Jersey City: Talisman Publishers, 1998).
283:. Language poetry is an example of poetic
271:tradition, particularly as represented by
152:, after the magazine of that name) are an
2121:New Poetics Colloquium proceedings (1985)
2116:Charles Bernstein author page and web log
2072:blog of Danny Snelson (archived from the
1668:Simulcast: Four Experiments in Criticism.
1639:Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992
916:Language poetry in the early 21st century
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1675:Textual Politics and the Language Poets.
1633:Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Press, 1985
1038:and those associated with the so-called
2164:"Contemporary Poetry, Alternate Routes"
1834:Books: Cross-genre and cultural writing
1270:
933:departments in prominent universities (
2193:(1994), with an extensive bibliography
1942:Andrews, Bruce, "L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E", in
1878:Detroit, MI: Mode A/This Press, 2006.
1221:. An eleventh member of the project,
7:
836:, particularly in her writing after
421:In an essay from the first issue of
394:'s selections in a special issue of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1764:Language Poetry: Writing as Rescue.
1254:List of poetry groups and movements
951:University of California, San Diego
414:for the Toronto-based publication,
27:Group of avant-garde American poets
2156:(Lingua Franca, Sept. 2000: 45–54)
1780:Elmwood: Potes & Poets, 1989.
1631:Content's Dream: Essays 1975–1984.
947:University of California, Berkeley
798:Watten's & Grenier's magazine
25:
1893:Queens, NY: Factory School, 2006.
1651:University of Chicago Press, 2011
1645:University of Chicago Press, 1999
1533:The New American Poetry 1945-1960
3493:20th-century American literature
2635:
2012:Introduction to the 2003 edition
1792:Wesleyan University Press, 1999.
1722:Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2001.
402:'s editing of Tuumba Press, and
41:
2101:Central China Normal University
2063:, Ron Silliman-edited issue of
1900:Middletown, CT: Wesleyan, 2003.
1857:San Diego: Singing Horse, 2007.
1796:How Phenomena Appear to Unfold.
1778:How Phenomena Appear to Unfold.
256:, especially in longer and non-
52:needs additional citations for
2090:THE POETICS OF L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
2051:Bruce Andrews-edited issue of
1340:The Marginalization of Poetry;
1085:collectives, and many others.
561:The Poetry Society of New York
1:
2168:Social Values and Poetic Acts
2166:(chapter from his 1988 book,
2000:(May–June 1984), 13(3):15–22.
1871:Providence, RI: Burning Deck.
1766:Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1992.
1010:, or younger figures such as
900:, especially the concepts of
1976:Tribhuvan University Journal
1716:New York: Roof Books, 1986.
1610:Books: Poetics and criticism
1501:Mark Scroggin (April 2007),
1311:Tribhuvan University Journal
1161:; and among the anthologies
1157:, later the e-based journal
814:, published work by notable
3498:American literary movements
3478:Modernist poetry in English
2061:The Dwelling Place: 9 Poets
1898:Zither & Autobiography.
1738:New York: Roof Books, 1993
1663:New York: Roof Books, 1987.
1643:My Way; Speeches and Poems.
1546:The "L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E" Book.
1423:, Wesleyan University Press
1369:My Way: Speeches and Poems.
1034:s). Other writers, such as
314:Language poetry has been a
3514:
3420:Situationist International
1603:National Poetry Foundation
1354:The Constructivist Moment;
1259:List of literary movements
966:Kootenay school of writing
935:University of Pennsylvania
844:, in his book-length poem
32:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E (magazine)
29:
2631:
2573:San Francisco Renaissance
2238:
1551:Bernstein, Charles, ed. "
1443:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, volume 1
790:and extreme instances of
309:San Francisco Renaissance
2044:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E Magazine
2037:Electronic Poetry Center
1682:The Language of Inquiry.
1622:Beach, Christopher, ed.
1379:Available online at the
1347:The Language of Inquiry;
1040:"Cambridge" poetry scene
777:the Black Mountain group
336:Electronic Poetry Center
3488:Contemporary literature
2930:Experimental literature
1984:10.3126/tuj.v29i1.25968
1948:Fordham English Connect
1586:Messerli, Douglas, ed.
1583:New York: Norton, 1994.
1321:. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
1319:10.3126/tuj.v29i1.25968
1305:Saroj Koirala (2016), "
757:William Carlos Williams
291:, a term including the
277:William Carlos Williams
3196:Second Viennese School
2827:Neue Slowenische Kunst
2698:Abstract expressionism
2403:Generation of the '30s
2278:British Poetry Revival
2178:"This L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E"
2080:Index for full run of
2018:(New Directions, 1987)
1998:American Poetry Review
1874:Perelman, Bob, et al.
1555:," Paris Review, 1982
1153:; among the magazines
959:Iowa Writers' Workshop
943:Wayne State University
904:, meaning as use, and
736:African-American poets
3303:Theatre of the Absurd
3226:Twelve-tone technique
3105:Electroacoustic music
2453:Informationist poetry
1757:Listening to Reading.
1599:In the American Tree.
1568:New York: Roof, 1990.
1466:on 2007-06-30. Also:
910:Problem of universals
874:Black Mountain School
427:In the American Tree,
386:'s poetry newsletter
301:Black Mountain School
156:group or tendency in
3288:Postdramatic theatre
3273:Experimental theatre
2810:Multidimensional art
2578:Scottish Renaissance
2273:Black Mountain poets
2028:Suman Chakraborty, "
1742:Theoretical Objects.
1629:Bernstein, Charles.
1617:Paradise and Method.
1462:, archived from the
1419:Ann Vickery (2000),
1407:In The American Tree
1279:"Mind Your Language"
1236:Some poets, such as
816:Black Mountain poets
360:magazine, edited by
263:In developing their
252:. These poets favor
158:United States poetry
61:improve this article
2790:Lyrical Abstraction
2518:New American Poetry
2268:Black Arts Movement
2248:Akhmatova's Orphans
2016:"Language" Poetries
2010:Douglas Messerli's
1896:Scalapino, Leslie.
1864:Berkeley, CA, 1990.
1798:Litmus Press, 2011.
1776:Scalapino, Leslie.
1689:My Emily Dickinson.
1597:Silliman, Ron, ed.
1470:'s commentaries in
955:University of Maine
898:Ludwig Wittgenstein
856:, and poets of the
652:Tymoteusz Karpowicz
398:(1973), as well as
316:controversial topic
3403:Postmodernist film
3308:Theatre of Cruelty
3191:Rock in Opposition
3132:Free improvisation
2775:Post-Impressionism
2708:Art & Language
2593:Southern Agrarians
2488:Metaphysical poets
2428:Harlem Renaissance
2132:" (2005 blog post)
2025:" (2006 blog post)
1753:Ratcliffe, Stephen
1712:McCaffery, Steve.
1666:Friedlander, Ben.
1588:Language Poetries.
1576:Hoover, Paul, ed.
1476:The Ten-Tone Scale
1433:See, for example,
1392:2007-08-07 at the
1238:Norman Finkelstein
1079:conceptual writing
931:English Literature
906:family resemblance
828:New American poets
591:at various times.
516:Oculist Witnesses,
444:"I HATE SPEECH" —
289:New American poets
3455:
3454:
3445:Russian symbolism
3430:Socialist realism
3268:Experimental film
3234:
3233:
2940:Hungry generation
2915:Conceptual poetry
2770:Neo-Impressionism
2649:
2648:
2642:Poetry portal
2438:Hungry generation
2433:Harvard Aesthetes
2408:Generation of '98
2398:Generation of '27
2373:The poets of Elan
2126:Robert Archambeau
2021:Barrett Watten, "
1990:Perloff, Marjorie
1970:Koirala, Saroj, "
1931:978-1-891190-02-5
1921:Watten, Barrett.
1917:978-1-84471-051-5
1884:978-0-9790198-0-7
1853:Armantrout, Rae.
1849:978-1-891190-03-2
1839:Armantrout, Rae.
1817:Watten, Barrett.
1786:Roof Books, 1994.
1771:The New Sentence.
1762:Reinfeld, Linda.
1736:Boundary of Blur.
1702:Huk, Romana, ed.
1673:Hartley, George.
1460:Is Being Written"
1386:Tottel's Magazine
1365:Charles Bernstein
1151:Karen Mac Cormack
1016:Maggie O'Sullivan
1012:Caroline Bergvall
493:A Hundred Posters
472:
471:
380:Charles Bernstein
297:Objectivist poets
178:Charles Bernstein
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3505:
3473:Poetry movements
3349:Russian Futurism
3293:Remodernist film
3211:Stochastic music
3166:Musique concrète
3144:Microtonal music
3122:Experimental pop
3115:Industrial music
3110:Electronic music
3015:
2837:Nouveau réalisme
2745:Grosvenor School
2676:
2669:
2662:
2653:
2640:
2639:
2553:Parnassian poets
2523:New Apocalyptics
2498:Modernist poetry
2313:Confessionalists
2303:Churchyard poets
2221:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2152:Andrew Epstein,
2107:, July 21, 2007)
2088:Bruce Andrews, "
1955:Critical Inquiry
1889:Piombino, Nick.
1855:Collected Prose.
1734:Piombino, Nick.
1615:Andrews, Bruce.
1553:Language Sampler
1510:
1507:Culture Industry
1499:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1454:Barrett Watten,
1452:
1446:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1377:
1371:
1361:The New Sentence
1328:
1322:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1275:
1135:Harryette Mullen
1091:Leslie Scalapino
1026:(whose magazine
927:Creative Writing
744:Harryette Mullen
740:Nathaniel Mackey
724:Rosmarie Waldrop
716:Leslie Scalapino
664:Bernadette Mayer
640:Michael Gottlieb
549:The Paris Review
440:
166:Leslie Scalapino
162:Bernadette Mayer
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
76:"Language poets"
69:
45:
37:
21:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3483:American poetry
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3312:
3298:Structural film
3240:
3230:
3085:Aleatoric music
3073:
3004:
2892:
2886:
2847:Performance art
2686:
2680:
2650:
2645:
2634:
2627:
2598:Spasmodic poets
2583:Sicilian School
2533:New York School
2353:Dolce Stil Novo
2234:
2225:
2182:Jacket Magazine
2137:The Grand Piano
2070:J. Henry Chunko
2007:
1939:
1909:Salt Publishing
1907:Cambridge, UK:
1903:Silliman, Ron.
1836:
1769:Silliman, Ron.
1727:Perelman, Bob.
1680:Hejinian, Lyn.
1612:
1560:43 Poets (1984)
1524:
1519:
1517:Further reading
1514:
1513:
1503:"The Toy Piano"
1500:
1496:
1489:The Grand Piano
1486:
1482:
1458:The Grand Piano
1453:
1449:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1394:Wayback Machine
1378:
1374:
1329:
1325:
1304:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1250:
1242:The Grand Piano
1231:The Grand Piano
1223:Alan Bernheimer
1179:The Grand Piano
1143:Johanna Drucker
1075:Kootenay School
1028:Reality Studios
968:in Vancouver),
918:
858:New York School
854:Jackson Mac Low
838:Tender Buttons,
812:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
769:New York School
752:
668:Steve McCaffery
656:Jackson Mac Low
600:Stephen Rodefer
527:Poetics Journal
486:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
412:Steve McCaffery
371:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
352:
307:poets, and the
293:New York School
170:Stephen Rodefer
147:L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:Language poets
3460:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Social realism
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Late modernism
3407:
3406:
3405:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3383:Neo-minimalism
3380:
3378:Postminimalism
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Constructivism
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Poetic realism
3280:
3278:Modernist film
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:Textural music
3213:
3208:
3206:Spectral music
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:New Complexity
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Neoavanguardia
2957:
2955:Language poets
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:Asemic writing
2907:
2905:Angry Penguins
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Constructivism
2715:
2713:Conceptual art
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:Uranian poetry
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Martian poetry
2480:
2475:
2473:Language poets
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2413:Georgian poets
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Della Cruscans
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Cavalier poets
2290:
2288:Castalian Band
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Angry Penguins
2250:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2171:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2095:Leevi Lehto, "
2093:
2086:
2077:
2076:on 2011-07-27)
2068:" (1974), via
2057:
2048:
2046:online archive
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2006:
2005:External links
2003:
2002:
2001:
1987:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1919:
1901:
1894:
1891:Fait Accompli.
1887:
1872:
1865:
1860:Davies, Alan.
1858:
1851:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1815:
1808:
1803:Vickery, Ann.
1801:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1659:Davies, Alan.
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1592:New Directions
1584:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1549:
1542:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1494:
1480:
1447:
1435:Ronald Johnson
1426:
1411:
1398:
1372:
1350:Barrett Watten
1323:
1295:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1227:Warren Sonbert
1203:Barrett Watten
1191:Rae Armantrout
1187:Carla Harryman
1139:Beverly Dahlen
1111:Rae Armantrout
1107:Carla Harryman
1067:Lisa Robertson
1048:Douglas Oliver
917:
914:
902:language-games
878:Robert Creeley
842:Louis Zukofsky
834:Gertrude Stein
820:Robert Creeley
759:in his use of
751:
748:
692:Joan Retallack
672:Michael Palmer
624:Carla Harryman
612:Clark Coolidge
596:Rae Armantrout
585:Carla Harryman
577:Rae Armantrout
565:Barrett Watten
537:Barrett Watten
470:
469:
463:
462:
461:
460:
450:
449:
446:Robert Grenier
431:Black Mountain
406:'s editing of
366:Barrett Watten
362:Robert Grenier
351:
348:
281:Louis Zukofsky
273:Gertrude Stein
214:Clark Coolidge
210:Carla Harryman
202:Rae Armantrout
186:Barrett Watten
141:Language poets
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3510:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:Postmodernism
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3355:
3354:Cubo-Futurism
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Expressionism
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Music theatre
3159:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:Minimal music
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Ars subtilior
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Visual poetry
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Nouveau roman
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Temporary art
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:Nonconformism
2830:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:Neoplasticism
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Mir iskusstva
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Impressionism
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:Functionalism
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:Rhymers' Club
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:New Formalism
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Jindyworobaks
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Cubo-Futurism
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:Jerome McGann
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:Under Albany.
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:Mandel, Tom.
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1825:Total Syntax.
1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:Ward, Geoff.
1809:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1745:Green Integer
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1687:Howe, Susan.
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:." boundary 2
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1528:Allen, Donald
1526:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Abigail Child
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Hannah Weiner
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Madeline Gins
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:Juliana Spahr
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:Robert Duncan
883:
882:Charles Olson
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:
803:
802:
796:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:New Criticism
762:
758:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Hannah Weiner
725:
721:
718:(1944–2010),
717:
713:
712:Ted Greenwald
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:(1942–2010),
689:
685:
684:Nick Piombino
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:(1922–2004),
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Madeline Gins
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:Abigail Child
605:
602:(1940–2015),
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
528:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
484:
481:
477:
468:
465:
464:
458:
454:
453:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
441:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:Bruce Andrews
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Bruce Andrews
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
358:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:postmodernism
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Hannah Weiner
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:Bruce Andrews
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
148:
142:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Language poet
3263:Epic theatre
3100:Atonal music
2954:
2935:Flarf poetry
2925:Ego-Futurism
2723:Proto-Cubism
2633:
2543:Objectivists
2503:The Movement
2472:
2368:Ego-Futurism
2358:Dymock poets
2333:Cyclic Poets
2328:Culteranismo
2188:
2187:Eleana Kim,
2181:
2167:
2144:
2143:Geoff Ward,
2135:
2105:Wuhan, China
2081:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2015:
1997:
1975:
1961:
1954:
1943:
1923:Bad History.
1922:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:Press, 1999.
1741:
1735:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1601:Orono, Me.:
1598:
1587:
1577:
1565:
1545:
1531:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1483:
1471:
1468:James Sherry
1457:
1450:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1357:Ron Silliman
1353:
1346:
1343:Lyn Hejinian
1339:
1336:Bob Perelman
1331:
1326:
1310:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1219:Kit Robinson
1211:Bob Perelman
1207:Steve Benson
1199:Ron Silliman
1183:Lyn Hejinian
1178:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1131:Lynne Dreyer
1123:Tina Darragh
1103:Lyn Hejinian
1087:
1063:Eric Selland
1060:
1031:
1027:
1008:Allen Fisher
997:
963:
939:SUNY Buffalo
919:
870:Ted Berrigan
866:Frank O'Hara
862:John Ashbery
845:
837:
832:
824:Larry Eigner
811:
805:
799:
797:
792:paratactical
781:
773:Frank O'Hara
753:
732:female poets
708:Kit Robinson
700:James Sherry
688:Peter Seaton
680:Bob Perelman
616:Tina Darragh
604:Steve Benson
593:
589:Steve Benson
569:Ron Silliman
557:James Sherry
553:
548:
544:
540:
533:Lyn Hejinian
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
492:
490:
485:
482:
479:
473:
467:Ron Silliman
466:
456:
445:
443:
426:
422:
420:
415:
407:
404:James Sherry
400:Lyn Hejinian
395:
387:
384:Ron Silliman
374:, edited by
369:
355:
353:
333:
328:
325:equals signs
318:in American
313:
262:
254:prose poetry
234:
230:Tina Darragh
226:James Sherry
198:Bob Perelman
190:Lyn Hejinian
182:Ron Silliman
146:
144:
140:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3415:Primitivism
3241:and theatre
3181:Noise music
3154:Drone music
2985:Slam poetry
2872:Suprematism
2857:Process art
2785:Incoherents
2780:Color Field
2755:Divisionism
2703:Art Nouveau
2683:Avant-garde
2603:Sung poetry
2588:Sons of Ben
2513:Neotericism
2493:Misty Poets
2458:Ä°kinci Yeni
2308:Conceptismo
2283:Cairo poets
2258:Auden Group
2174:Kate Lilley
1539:Grove Press
1522:Anthologies
1215:Ted Pearson
1052:Peter Riley
1044:Rod Mengham
1036:J.H. Prynne
1032:avant-garde
1024:Ken Edwards
1004:Tom Raworth
999:avant-garde
990:New Zealand
771:poets like
676:Ted Pearson
632:Lynne Dryer
620:Alan Davies
581:Ted Pearson
545:Alcheringa,
497:Alan Davies
495:(edited by
416:Open Letter
390:(1970–81),
368:, in 1971.
246:materiality
242:disjunction
206:Alan Davies
154:avant-garde
3462:Categories
3435:Surrealism
3373:Minimalism
3248:Cinéma pur
2893:and poetry
2891:Literature
2800:Minimalism
2691:Visual art
2608:Surrealism
2563:Précieuses
2558:La Pléiade
2468:Lake Poets
2343:Deep image
2298:Chhayavaad
2065:Alcheringa
1637:A Poetics.
1590:New York:
1537:New York:
1332:boundary 2
1265:References
1195:Tom Mandel
1127:Erica Hunt
1099:Susan Howe
1020:cris cheek
807:This Press
788:synecdoche
767:movement.
720:Diane Ward
696:Erica Hunt
660:Tom Mandel
648:Susan Howe
644:Fanny Howe
573:Tom Mandel
222:Susan Howe
194:Tom Mandel
117:April 2014
87:newspapers
3440:Symbolism
3368:Modernism
3201:Serialism
3186:Post-rock
3127:Free jazz
3035:Free funk
2990:UltraĂsmo
2945:Imaginism
2920:Cyberpunk
2882:Vorticism
2685:movements
2613:Symbolism
2508:NĂ©gritude
2443:Imaginism
2423:The Group
2393:Gay Saber
2383:Fugitives
2363:Ecopoetry
2263:The Beats
2053:Toothpick
1383:archive:
994:Australia
850:John Cage
761:idiomatic
541:Toothpick
504:Dog City,
501:Big Deal,
483:Tottel's,
396:Toothpick
340:PennSound
269:modernist
258:narrative
250:signifier
3388:Neo-Dada
3363:Lettrism
3344:Futurism
3258:Drop Art
3253:Dogme 95
3221:Totalism
3139:Futurism
3090:Ars nova
3018:By style
2965:Neoteric
2867:Rayonism
2820:De Stijl
2795:Mail art
2750:Devětsil
2478:Marinism
2318:Créolité
2180:(1997),
2084:magazine
2074:original
2032:" (2008)
1937:Articles
1911:, 2004.
1869:Realism.
1661:Signage.
1464:original
1390:Archived
1288:26 March
1248:See also
1155:HOW/ever
1115:Jean Day
1056:polemics
890:sentence
818:such as
784:metonymy
704:Jean Day
628:P. Inman
551:(1982).
476:language
418:(1977).
388:Tottel's
244:and the
3317:General
3176:No wave
2950:Imagism
2900:Acmeism
2852:Pop art
2842:Orphism
2760:Fauvism
2738:Bauhaus
2623:Zutiste
2448:Imagism
2418:Goliard
2243:Acmeism
2228:Schools
2184:website
1862:Candor.
1594:, 1987.
1541:, 1960.
1439:RADI OS
1381:Eclipse
1283:Forward
1077:poets,
982:Finland
923:Poetics
510:LĂ Bas,
437:poets.
350:History
320:letters
265:poetics
260:forms.
248:of the
238:natural
101:scholar
3393:Neoism
3339:Fluxus
3239:Cinema
3078:Others
2980:Oulipo
2975:Oberiu
2862:Purism
2728:Cubism
2548:Others
2538:Oberiu
2232:poetry
2149:(1993)
2056:(1973)
1929:
1915:
1882:
1847:
1530:, ed.
1472:Jacket
1363:; and
1217:, and
1149:, and
1073:, the
1022:, and
992:, and
986:Sweden
978:Brazil
972:, the
970:France
957:, the
894:praxis
884:, and
872:) and
742:, and
726:, and
587:, and
507:Hills,
344:UbuWeb
342:, and
303:, the
299:, the
295:, the
279:, and
228:, and
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3067:Metal
3010:Music
2388:Garip
2378:Flarf
1841:True.
1456:"How
1083:Flarf
804:(and
523:Roof.
513:MIAM,
480:This,
478:" in
150:poets
108:JSTOR
94:books
3329:Dada
3062:Punk
3057:Prog
3052:Rock
3040:Yass
3030:Jazz
3025:Funk
3000:Zaum
2338:Dada
2082:This
1927:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1441:in
1290:2021
1159:HOW2
1006:and
974:USSR
929:and
840:and
822:and
801:This
775:and
535:and
521:and
457:This
435:Beat
433:and
423:This
408:Roof
378:and
364:and
357:This
305:Beat
143:(or
139:The
80:news
3047:Pop
2230:of
2128:, "
2014:of
1980:doi
1974:",
1437:'s
1315:doi
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961:).
519:QU,
499:),
63:by
3464::
2176:,
2162:,
2103:,
1996:,
1992:,
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1950:.
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