Socialization - Knowledge (XXG)

1266:

personality development than parental figures do. For example, twin brothers with an identical genetic heritage will differ in personality because they have different groups of friends, not necessarily because their parents raised them differently. Behavioral genetics suggest that up to fifty percent of the variance in adult personality is due to genetic differences. The environment in which a child is raised accounts for only approximately ten percent in the variance of an adult's personality. As much as twenty percent of the variance is due to measurement error. This suggests that only a very small part of an adult's personality is influenced by factors which parents control (i.e. the home environment). Harris grants that while siblings do not have identical experiences in the home environment (making it difficult to associate a definite figure to the variance of personality due to home environments), the variance found by current methods is so low that researchers should look elsewhere to try to account for the remaining variance. Harris also states that developing long-term personality characteristics away from the home environment would be evolutionarily beneficial because future success is more likely to depend on interactions with peers than on interactions with parents and siblings. Also, because of already existing genetic similarities with parents, developing personalities outside of childhood home environments would further diversify individuals, increasing their evolutionary success.

1046:(1902–1994) explained the challenges throughout the life course. The first stage in the life course is infancy, where babies learn trust and mistrust. The second stage is toddlerhood where children around the age of two struggle with the challenge of autonomy versus doubt. In stage three, preschool, children struggle to understand the difference between initiative and guilt. Stage four, pre-adolescence, children learn about industriousness and inferiority. In the fifth stage called adolescence, teenagers experience the challenge of gaining identity versus confusion. The sixth stage, young adulthood, is when young people gain insight into life when dealing with the challenge of intimacy and isolation. In stage seven, or middle adulthood, people experience the challenge of trying to make a difference (versus self-absorption). In the final stage, stage eight or old age, people are still learning about the challenge of integrity and despair.< This concept has been further developed by Klaus Hurrelmann and Gudrun Quenzel using the dynamic model of "developmental tasks". 1423:, and come to see themselves and others as members of the group". The existing literature conceptualizes racial socialization as having multiple dimensions. Researchers have identified five dimensions that commonly appear in the racial socialization literature: cultural socialization, preparation for bias, promotion of mistrust, egalitarianism, and other. Cultural socialization, sometimes referred to as "pride development", refers to parenting practices that teach children about their racial history or heritage. Preparation for bias refers to parenting practices focused on preparing children to be aware of, and cope with, discrimination. Promotion of mistrust refers to the parenting practices of socializing children to be wary of people from other races. Egalitarianism refers to socializing children with the belief that all people are equal and should be treated with common humanity. In the 1615:. It is the result of the productive processing of interior and exterior realities. Bodily and mental qualities and traits constitute a person's inner reality; the circumstances of the social and physical environment embody the external reality. Reality processing is productive because human beings actively grapple with their lives and attempt to cope with the attendant developmental tasks. The success of such a process depends on the personal and social resources available. Incorporated within all developmental tasks is the necessity to reconcile personal individuation and social integration and so secure the "I-dentity". The process of productive processing of reality is an enduring process throughout the life course. 1208:

well as a need to learn and be exposed to radically different norms and values. One common example involves resocialization through a total institution, or "a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff". Resocialization via total institutions involves a two step process: 1) the staff work to root out a new inmate's individual identity; and 2) the staff attempt to create for the inmate a new identity. Other examples include the experiences of a young person leaving home to join the military, or of a religious convert internalizing the beliefs and rituals of a new faith. Another example would be the process by which a

1521:, and foreign investment globally. Building technology is made easy, is improved and carried out due to the ease with which interaction in interest services and media work can be connected. Citizens must instil in themselves excellent morals, ethics, and values and must preserve human rights or have sound judgment to be able to lead a country to a higher developmental level in order to construct a decent and democratic society for nation-building. Developing nations can transfer agricultural technology and machinery like tractors, harvesters, and agrochemicals to enhance the agricultural sector of the economy through socialization. 1178:

where children and adults learn how to act in a way that is appropriate for the situations they are in. Schools require very different behavior from the home, and children must act according to new rules. New teachers have to act in a way that is different from pupils and learn the new rules from people around them. Secondary socialization is usually associated with teenagers and adults and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization. Examples of secondary socialization may include entering a new profession or relocating to a new environment or society.

1372:". Gender socialization refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given sex: boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls. This "learning" happens by way of many different agents of socialization. The behavior that is seen to be appropriate for each gender is largely determined by societal, cultural, and economic values in a given society. Gender socialization can therefore vary considerably among societies with different values. The family is certainly important in reinforcing 56: 999:. Socialization as a concept originated concurrently with sociology, as sociology was defined as the treatment of "the specifically social, the process and forms of socialization, as such, in contrast to the interests and contents which find expression in socialization". In particular, socialization consisted of the formation and development of social groups, and also the development of a social state of mind in the individuals who associate. Socialization is thus both a cause and an effect of 1227: 1235:

new employees' future work-environment affects the way they are able to apply their skills and abilities to their jobs. How actively engaged the employees are in pursuing knowledge affects their socialization process. New employees also learn about their work group, the specific people they will work with on a daily basis, their own role in the organization, the skills needed to do their job, and both formal procedures and informal norms. Socialization functions as a

1071:. Mead claimed that the self is not there at birth, rather, it is developed with social experience. Since social experience is the exchange of symbols, people tend to find meaning in every action. Seeking meaning leads us to imagine the intention of others. Understanding intention requires imagining the situation from the other's point of view. In effect, others are a mirror in which we can see ourselves. Charles Horton Cooley (1902-1983) coined the term 1075:, which means self-image based on how we think others see us. According to Mead, the key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the other. With limited social experience, infants can only develop a sense of identity through imitation. Gradually children learn to take the roles of several others. The final stage is the generalized other, which refers to widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference for evaluating others. 5664: 5690: 5677: 852: 1029:

Second, the conventional stage (typical for adolescents and adults) is characterized by an acceptance of society's conventions concerning right and wrong, even when there are no consequences for obedience or disobedience. Finally, the post-conventional stage (more rarely achieved) occurs if a person moves beyond society's norms to consider abstract ethical principles when making moral decisions.

1395:

relationships are considered when judging a situation. Gilligan also studied the effect of gender on self-esteem. She claimed that society's socialization of females is the reason why girls' self-esteem diminishes as they grow older. Girls struggle to regain their personal strength when moving through adolescence as they have fewer female teachers and most authority figures are men.

1254: 1134:

were analyzed over a period of time using ultrasound techniques. Using kinematic analysis, the results of the experiment were that the twin foetuses would interact with each other for longer periods and more often as the pregnancies went on. Researchers were able to conclude that the performance of movements between the co-twins was not accidental but specifically aimed.

1306:). The acceptance transition-point is then reached and the individual becomes a full member. However, this transition can be delayed if the individual or the group reacts negatively. For example, the individual may react cautiously or misinterpret other members' reactions in the belief that they will be treated differently as a newcomer. 1141:. Starting from the 14th week of gestation twin foetuses plan and execute movements specifically aimed at the co-twin. These findings force us to predate the emergence of social behavior: when the context enables it, as in the case of twin foetuses, other-directed actions are not only possible but predominant over self-directed actions." 1539:

the more positive social learning experiences we have, the happier we tend to be—especially if we are able to learn useful information that helps us cope well with the challenges of life. A high ratio of negative to positive socialization can make a person unhappy, leading to defeated or pessimistic feelings about life.

1496:

Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them. Natural socialization is easily seen when looking at the young of almost any mammalian species (and some birds). On the other hand, planned socialization is mostly a human phenomenon; all

1274:

Individuals and groups change their evaluations of and commitments to each other over time. There is a predictable sequence of stages that occur as an individual transitions through a group: investigation, socialization, maintenance, resocialization, and remembrance. During each stage, the individual

1207:

Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior-patterns and reflexes while accepting new ones as part of a life transition. This can occur throughout the human life-span. Resocialization can be an intense experience, with individuals experiencing a sharp break with their past, as

1028:

studied moral reasoning and developed a theory of how individuals reason situations as right from wrong. The first stage is the pre-conventional stage, where a person (typically children) experience the world in terms of pain and pleasure, with their moral decisions solely reflecting this experience.

1234:

Organizational socialization is the process whereby an employee learns the knowledge and skills necessary to assume his or her role in an organization. As newcomers become socialized, they learn about the organization and its history, values, jargon, culture, and procedures. Acquired knowledge about

1177:

Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. Basically, it involves the behavioral patterns reinforced by socializing agents of society. Secondary socialization takes place outside the home. It is

1164:

learns the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. Primary socialization for a child is very important because it sets the groundwork for all future socialization. It is mainly influenced by immediate family and friends. For example, if a child's

1133:

Principal evidence of this theory is uncovered by examining Twin pregnancies. The main argument is, if there are social behaviors that are inherited and developed before birth, then one should expect twin foetuses to engage in some form of social interaction before they are born. Thus, ten foetuses

1538:

Negative socialization occurs when socialialization agents use punishment, harsh criticisms, or anger to try to "teach us a lesson"; and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who impose it on us. There are all types of mixes of positive and negative socialization, and

1509:

A society's political culture is inculcated in its citizens and passed down from one generation to the next as part of the political socialization process. Agents of socialization are thus people, organizations, or institutions that have an impact on how people perceive themselves, behave, or have

1406:

contends that socialization theory is "inadequate" for explaining gender, because it presumes a largely consensual process except for a few "deviants", when really most children revolt against pressures to be conventionally gendered; because it cannot explain contradictory "scripts" that come from

1505:

Socialization produces the economic, social, and political development of any particular country. The nature of the compromise between nature and nurture also determines whether society is good or harmful. Political socialization is described as "the long developmental process by which an infant

1394:

compared the moral development of girls and boys in her theory of gender and moral development. She claimed that boys have a justice perspective - meaning that they rely on formal rules to define right and wrong. Girls, on the other hand, have a care-and-responsibility perspective, where personal

1192:

Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. For example, a couple might move in together before getting married in order to try out, or anticipate, what living together will be like.

2653:

Maccoby, E.E. & Martin, J.A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P.H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E.M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1–101). New York:

1265:

and behavior in adulthood. Parental behavior and the home environment has either no effect on the social development of children, or the effect varies significantly between children. Adolescents spend more time with peers than with parents. Therefore, peer groups have stronger correlations with

1117:

Circumstantial evidence supporting the social pre-wiring hypothesis can be revealed when examining newborns' behavior. Newborns, not even hours after birth, have been found to display a preparedness for social interaction. This preparedness is expressed in ways such as their imitation of facial

1529:

Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and exciting experiences. Individual humans tend to like the people who fill their social learning processes with positive motivation, loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Positive socialization occurs when

1398:

As parents are present in a child's development from the beginning, their influence in a child's early socialization is very important, especially in regard to gender roles. Sociologists have identified four ways in which parents socialize gender roles in their children: Shaping gender related

1439:

Oppression socialization refers to the process by which "individuals develop understandings of power and political structure, particularly as these inform perceptions of identity, power, and opportunity relative to gender, racialized group membership, and sexuality". This action is a form of

1497:

through history, people have made plans for teaching or training others. Both natural and planned socialization can have good and bad qualities: it is useful to learn the best features of both natural and planned socialization in order to incorporate them into life in a meaningful way.

948:"—as regards the society where it occurs. Individual views are influenced by the society's consensus and usually tend toward what that society finds acceptable or "normal". Socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that 2682:

McGue, M., Bouchard, T.J. Jr., Iacono, W.G. & Lykken, D.T. (1993). Behavioral genetics of cognitive stability: A life-span perspectiveness. In R. Plominix & G.E. McClearn (Eds.), Nature, nurture, and psychology (pp. 59-76). Washington, DC: American Psychological

1341:

In this stage, former members reminisce about their memories of the group and make sense of their recent departure. If the group reaches a consensus on their reasons for departure, conclusions about the overall experience of the group become part of the group's

1326:

If the divergence point is reached, the former full member takes on the role of a marginal member and must be resocialized. There are two possible outcomes of resocialization: the parties resolve their differences and the individual becomes a full member again

2535:

Similar to Gurdjieff's philosophy, the Landmark Forum teaches that we must break out of our traditional habits in order to see and act differently . are highly controlled and teachers seek to break students down emotionally and then build them back

3413:

Acts of violence and forms of bullying contribute to the negative socialisation imposed on soldiers, representing an acclimatisation to the production of lethal force; the internalised resentment and anger of the recruit is directed outwards

1506:(even an adult) citizen learns, imbibes and ultimately internalizes the political culture (core political values, beliefs, norms and ideology) of his political system in order to make him a more informed and effective political participant." 3375:

Through socialization process, developing countries like Nigeria can now transfer agricultural technology and equipment like tractor, harvesters, and agro-chemical materials to improve the agricultural sector of Nigerian

1479:

the use of language; acquiring competence in a language, the novice is by the same token socialized into the categories and norms of the culture, while the culture, in turn, provides the norms of the use of language.

1087:

is partly inherited and can influence infants and also even influence foetuses. Wired to be social means that infants are not taught that they are social beings, but they are born as prepared social beings.

1637:

viewed society as an external force controlling individuals through the imposition of sanctions and codes of law. However, constraints and sanctions also arise internally as feelings of guilt or anxiety.

1297:

Now that the individual has moved from a prospective member to a new member, the recruit must accept the group's culture. At this stage, the individual accepts the group's norms, values, and perspectives

1275:

and the group evaluate each other, which leads to an increase or decrease in commitment to socialization. This socialization pushes the individual from prospective to new, full, marginal, and ex member.

1964: 1399:

attributes through toys and activities, differing their interaction with children based on the sex of the child, serving as primary gender models, and communicating gender ideals and expectations.

1488:

Planned socialization occurs when other people take actions designed to teach or train others. This type of socialization can take on many forms and can occur at any point from infancy onward.

941:

Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children.

1316:). While many members remain in this stage until the end of their membership, some individuals may become dissatisfied with their role in the group or fail to meet the group's expectations ( 3009:

Hughes, D.; Rodriguez, J.; Smith, E.; Johnson, D.; Stevenson, H.; Spicer, P. (2006). "Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study".

1083:

Behaviorism makes claims that when infants are born they lack social experience or self. The social pre-wiring hypothesis, on the other hand, shows proof through a scientific study that

3311:

The economic, social and political development of any given nation is the product of socialization. Society is good or bad also is determined by the nature of nature-nurture compromise.

3281:: "Both natural and planned socialization can have good and bad features: It is wise to learn the best features of both natural and planned socialization and weave them into our lives." 3079:

Factor 3 represents items and attitudes that endorse the teaching of pride and knowledge of African-American culture to children and is entitled Pride Development Socialization (PDS).

1137:

The social pre-wiring hypothesis was proved correct, "The central advance of this study is the demonstration that 'social actions' are already performed in the second trimester of

1169:

opinion about a minority or majority group, then that child may think this behavior is acceptable and could continue to have this opinion about that minority or majority group.

2992:

Rotherman, M., & Phinney, J. (1987). "Introduction: Definitions and perspectives in the study of children's ethnic socialization". In J. Phinney & M. Rotherman (Eds.),

1407:

different socialization agents in the same society, and because it does not account for conflict between the different levels of an individual's gender (and general) identity.

4535: 4392: 1020: 4360: 908: 1038: 4096: 1599:

From the late 1980s, sociological and psychological theories have been connected with the term socialization. One example of this connection is the theory of

435: 2569:

Kammeyer-Mueller, J.D.; Wanberg, C.R. (2003). "Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling antecedents and their pathways to adjustment".

1193:

Research by Kenneth J. Levine and Cynthia A. Hoffner identifies parents as the main source of anticipatory socialization in regard to jobs and careers.

5236: 5737: 1471:, but that children acquire language and culture together in what amounts to an integrated process. Members of all societies socialize children both 5524: 5126: 1281:

This stage is marked by a cautious search for information. The individual compares groups in order to determine which one will fulfill their needs (

2444:

Levine, K.J.; Hoffner, C.A. (2006). "Adolescents' conceptions of work: What is learned from different sources during anticipatory socialization?".

3432: 3206: 1067:

to explain how social experience develops an individual's self-concept. Mead's central concept is the self: It is composed of self-awareness and

460: 5096: 5016: 4991: 4870: 4750: 4353: 2894: 2875: 2838: 2484: 1827: 1806: 5216: 4424: 4084: 3635: 3487: 4996: 4921: 4848: 4824: 4772: 882: 479: 5241: 5656: 5608: 4627: 4380: 3586: 3568: 3521: 3183: 3165: 3147: 2977: 2814: 1886: 1782: 1419:, has been defined as "the developmental processes by which children acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes of an 5732: 5036: 3399: 3065: 2521: 2005: 1977: 1947: 821: 811: 515: 475: 1530:

desired behaviors are reinforced with a reward, encouraging the individual to continue exhibiting similar behaviors in the future.

1291:). The end of this stage is marked by entry to the group, whereby the group asks the individual to join and they accept the offer. 1444:

in its relation to power and the persistent compliance of the disadvantaged with their oppression using limited "overt coercion".

1261:

Group socialization is the theory that an individual's peer groups, rather than parental figures, become the primary influence on

5669: 5276: 5061: 4853: 4346: 2023: 1510:

other orientations. In contemporary democratic government, political parties are the main forces behind political socialization.

270: 5271: 5251: 4964: 4709: 4417: 4412: 4385: 3979: 2793:

Moreland, Richard L.; Levine, John M. (1982). "Socialization in Small Groups: Temporal Changes in Individual-Group Relations".

1236: 570: 355: 106: 5529: 5444: 4974: 5489: 5151: 4544: 4481: 4079: 3582: 3564: 3517: 3179: 3161: 3143: 2242: 31: 4523: 2855:(2011). "Gender as a practical concern in children's management of play participation". In S.A. Speer and E. Stokoe (ed.). 5727: 5601: 5286: 5266: 5203: 4654: 4464: 3984: 1733: 1359: 836: 490: 5449: 5221: 5041: 4664: 4632: 4540: 2410:"Analysis the Status of Socialization Variables in the Iran High School Textbooks with Emphasize on Motahari's Thoughts" 1286: 1138: 995:

have existed for centuries. In its earliest usages, socialization was simply the act of socializing or another word for

967: 155: 121: 5695: 5261: 4496: 4207: 4182: 4141: 3899: 2089: 1416: 912: 799: 125: 75: 3233:: "Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them." 3245:: "Natural socialization is easily seen when looking at the young of almost any mammalian species (and some birds)." 2783:

Plomin, R. (1990). Nature and nurture: An introduction to human behavioral genetics. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

5156: 5026: 5006: 4785: 4530: 4197: 4151: 3939: 1925: 1187: 816: 314: 5056: 5576: 5547: 5434: 5348: 5256: 5231: 5021: 4797: 4146: 4074: 3934: 1452:

Based on comparative research in different societies, and focusing on the role of language in child development,

1127: 806: 642: 375: 245: 111: 2556:

Introduction – Integration? : On the introduction programs’ importance for the integration of new employees

2408:

Mirjalili, Seyyed Mohammad Ali; Abari, Ahmad Ali Foroughi; Gholizadeh, Azar; Yarmohammadian, M. Hossein (2016).

5469: 5353: 5226: 5046: 4979: 4841: 4814: 4669: 4444: 4407: 4156: 3628: 1761: 1708: 1055: 935: 365: 200: 1102:. Also informally referred to as, "wired to be social". The theory questions whether there is a propensity to 5633: 5474: 5340: 5166: 5146: 5136: 4951: 4931: 4802: 4790: 4780: 4637: 4369: 4277: 4116: 3818: 2910:"Exploring parent-adolescent communication about gender: Results from adolescent and emerging adult samples" 2213: 1624: 1612: 1453: 1441: 875: 615: 605: 575: 455: 440: 405: 325: 320: 220: 2314:

Hurrelmann, Klaus and Quenzel, Gudrun (2019) Developmental Tasks in Adolescence. London/New York: Routledge

5717: 5591: 5586: 5561: 5509: 5504: 5344: 5336: 5327: 5322: 5291: 5183: 4969: 4906: 4659: 4578: 4121: 4004: 3874: 3575:

Language Acquisition and Language Socialization: Ecological Perspectives – Advances in Applied Linguistics

3427: 3209:(Course content for Sociology 142: Socialization). University of California, Santa Barbara. Archived from 3018: 2578: 600: 530: 520: 500: 485: 415: 385: 305: 210: 5618: 5581: 5388: 5383: 5358: 5086: 5066: 4916: 4836: 4809: 4740: 4508: 4225: 4220: 3959: 3806: 3801: 1663: 1653: 1155: 956: 831: 656: 585: 560: 465: 390: 350: 310: 295: 260: 233: 160: 5479: 2551:

Introduktion – Integration? : Om introduktionsprogrammets betydelse för integration av nyanställda

1591:

lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior.

3210: 2619:

Harris, J.R. (1995). "Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development".

5571: 5378: 5363: 5331: 5318: 5179: 5091: 4959: 4926: 4901: 4755: 4719: 4613: 4583: 4402: 4255: 4187: 4009: 3999: 3994: 3974: 3919: 3869: 2359: 1718: 1468: 982: 826: 680: 628: 595: 565: 400: 370: 360: 290: 275: 70: 65: 3023: 2583: 1384:

reinforce gender roles through "countless subtle and not so subtle ways". In peer-group activities,

1312:

During this stage, the individual and the group negotiate what contribution is expected of members (

1226: 55: 5722: 5638: 5403: 5188: 5106: 4647: 4591: 4518: 4260: 4021: 3944: 3879: 3849: 3844: 3758: 3621: 2852: 1866: 1678: 1355: 1119: 1060: 700: 445: 345: 183: 170: 5689: 5676: 1388:

gender-roles may also be rejected, renegotiated, or artfully exploited for a variety of purposes.

927:. Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and 5596: 5439: 5429: 5398: 5193: 5141: 5051: 5001: 4860: 4819: 4735: 4642: 4622: 4476: 4454: 4449: 4235: 4192: 4131: 4033: 3909: 3763: 2636: 2461: 2195: 2187: 2048: 2021:; Baker, J. H. (2007). "Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review". 1703: 1072: 949: 868: 510: 505: 425: 380: 330: 300: 280: 140: 117: 2969: 2217: 1368:

Henslin contends that "an important part of socialization is the learning of culturally defined

776: 1801:

Stretch, B. and Whitehouse, M. (eds.) (2007) Health and Social Care Book 1. Oxford: Heinemann.

1118:

gestures. This observed behavior cannot be contributed to any current form of socialization or

5682: 5459: 5454: 5368: 5170: 4911: 4878: 4745: 4606: 4554: 4513: 4491: 4459: 4270: 4215: 4043: 3914: 3854: 3747: 3668: 3578: 3560: 3544: 3513: 3437: 3395: 3175: 3157: 3139: 3061: 3036: 2973: 2939: 2810: 2766: 2724: 2596: 2517: 2387: 2262: 2040: 2001: 1973: 1943: 1882: 1833: 1823: 1802: 1778: 1634: 1460: 1025: 728: 692: 672: 652: 610: 590: 420: 410: 340: 190: 135: 959:; scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and 4888: 4829: 4760: 4618: 4561: 4230: 4126: 4053: 4028: 3989: 3834: 3791: 3722: 3536: 3028: 2929: 2921: 2802: 2756: 2748: 2714: 2706: 2628: 2588: 2453: 2377: 2367: 2254: 2179: 2071: 2032: 1874: 1600: 1564: 1560: 1110:

birth. Research in the theory concludes that newborns are born into the world with a unique

780: 740: 684: 540: 495: 450: 395: 335: 250: 215: 165: 1463:

have developed the theory of language socialization. They discovered that the processes of

5628: 5519: 5484: 5393: 5281: 5175: 5131: 5111: 4984: 4700: 4679: 4434: 4302: 4250: 4240: 4014: 3813: 2664:

Bester, G (2007). "Personality development of the adolescent: peer group versus parents".

2018: 1906: 1693: 1202: 1099: 1084: 1008: 1000: 992: 788: 784: 768: 748: 676: 664: 553: 525: 470: 430: 195: 145: 1997: 3269:: " all through history, people have been making plans for teaching or training others." 2549: 2363: 5121: 5101: 5011: 4704: 4596: 4471: 4245: 4166: 4058: 3924: 3904: 3894: 3705: 2962: 2957: 2934: 2909: 2761: 2736: 2719: 2694: 2382: 2347: 1668: 1584: 1403: 1391: 1248: 1166: 1103: 856: 772: 764: 760: 756: 708: 668: 255: 101: 2806: 17: 5711: 5623: 5566: 5556: 5116: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4726: 4695: 4684: 4674: 4601: 4503: 4397: 4297: 4136: 4091: 3954: 3859: 3715: 2465: 2430: 2409: 2199: 1969: 1911: 1901: 1878: 1713: 1648: 1464: 1428: 1424: 1239:

in that newcomers learn to internalize and obey organizational values and practices.

916: 744: 732: 716: 712: 638: 150: 96: 3501: 2052: 5413: 4714: 4691: 4307: 4292: 4161: 3969: 3839: 3770: 3753: 3700: 3659: 2163: 1630: 1568: 1554: 1420: 1381: 1373: 1369: 1043: 1004: 736: 688: 2640: 2270: 2139: 3527:

Bogard, Kimber (2008). "Citizenship attitudes and allegiances in diverse youth".

3389: 3055: 2511: 2510:

Martin, Samuel D. (1 January 2009) . "Self-Help or Personal Development Groups".

2372: 2075: 5552: 5464: 5408: 5246: 5031: 4730: 4549: 4327: 4282: 3796: 3732: 3602:

National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning.

3327: 2632: 1989: 1959: 1572: 1456: 1363: 1262: 1209: 1064: 953: 752: 724: 696: 580: 535: 265: 240: 3540: 3032: 2592: 2183: 2141:"Socialization": The Politics and History of a Psychological Concept, 1900-1970 5499: 5494: 5211: 4946: 4486: 3964: 3949: 3884: 3710: 3689: 3644: 3154:

The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language, Socialization of Kaluli Children

2925: 2710: 2036: 1723: 1580: 1385: 1377: 1253: 1221: 1068: 851: 285: 205: 130: 27:

Lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies

3441: 2457: 2243:"The evolving vocabulary of the social sciences: The case of "socialization"" 1837: 5161: 4312: 3738: 3695: 3678: 3674: 3356: 3292: 2513:

How to Achieve Total Enlightenment: A Practical Guide to the Meaning of Life

1658: 996: 896: 704: 660: 47: 3548: 3040: 2943: 2770: 2728: 2600: 2391: 2266: 2044: 4338: 3174:, Volume 72 of Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics. John Wiley & Sons, 973:

It is the process by which individuals learn their own societies culture.

5613: 5373: 5078: 4317: 3775: 2752: 1673: 1576: 1542: 1514: 1123: 1111: 1095: 1003:. The term was relatively uncommon before 1940, but became popular after 960: 945: 920: 1331:), or the group and the individual part ways via expulsion or voluntary 938:. Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive. 5514: 4265: 4048: 3929: 2191: 2113: 1698: 1688: 1683: 1629:

The problem of order, or Hobbesian problem, questions the existence of

988: 928: 924: 91: 1583:

within a given human collectivity. Institutions are identified with a

1376:, but so are groups - including friends, peers, school, work, and the 1007:, appearing in dictionaries and scholarly works such as the theory of 4322: 4287: 3889: 3727: 2258: 3600:

Sociological Foundations Supporting the Study of Cultural Diversity.

3092: 2737:"Why are children in the same family so different from one another?" 2695:"Why are children in the same family so different from one another?" 2167: 1855:(Student and home ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. 30:

This article is about the sociological concept. For other uses, see

2558:] (Bachelor thesis) (in Swedish). Sweden: University of Skövde. 1212:

learns to function socially in a dramatically altered gender-role.

3864: 3683: 3512:

Bayley, Robert; Schecter, Sandra R. (2003). Multilingual Matters,

3391:

Brute Reality: Structures of Representation in 'The War on Terror'

3364:

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies

3328:"POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION AND NATION BUILDING: THE CASE OF NIGERIA" 3300:

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies

2219:

The theory of socialization. A syllabus of sociological principles

2172:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

1728: 1588: 1518: 1252: 1225: 1161: 3170:

Duranti, Alessandro; Ochs, Elinor; Schieffelin, Bambi B. (2011).

2322: 2320: 1611:. The core idea is that socialization refers to an individual's 1285:), while the group estimates the value of the potential member ( 944:

Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled "

4342: 3617: 3557:

Language Socialization: Encyclopedia of Language and Education

1965:

Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes us Human

3613: 3357:"Socialization, Genetic Issue in Nigeria and Nation Building" 3293:"Socialization, Genetic Issue in Nigeria and Nation Building" 3136:

Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language

3115:

Political sociology: Oppression, resistance, and the state

3054:

Jagers, Robert J.; Watts, Roderick J. (24 October 2018) .

2994:

Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development

2859:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–309. 1302:), and the group may adapt to fit the new member's needs ( 3057:

Manhood Development in Urban African-American Communities

2964:

Gender and power: society, the person and sexual politics

1467:

and socialization do not occur apart from the process of

3257:: "Planned socialization is mostly a human phenomenon ." 2828: 2826: 2403: 2401: 3453: 3451: 2348:"Wired to Be Social: The Ontogeny of Human Interaction" 2516:. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 44. 1797:

Billingham, M. (2007) Sociological Perspectives p.336

1427:, white people are socialized to perceive race as a 5540: 5422: 5311: 5304: 5202: 5077: 4945: 4869: 4771: 4577: 4570: 4433: 4206: 4175: 4109: 4067: 3827: 3784: 3658: 3651: 1356:

Sociology of gender § Gender and socialization

2996:(pp. 10-28). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. 2961: 2346:Castiello, Umberto; et al. (7 October 2010). 1822:(7th Canadian ed.). Toronto: Pearson Canada. 3529:Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 3436:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 3555:Duff, Patricia A.; Hornberger, Nancy H. (2010). 3113:Glasberg, Davita Silfen; Shannon, Deric (2011). 1923:Dusheck, Jennie, "The Interpretation of Genes". 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 2483:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchaeferLamm1992 ( 2222:. New York: The Macmillan company. pp. 1–2 1818:Macionis, John J.; Gerber, Linda Marie (2010). 1777:(15th ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 126. 1021:Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development 3117:. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press. p. 47. 2497: 2326: 2302: 2290: 4354: 3629: 2241:Morawski, Jill G.; St. Martin, Jenna (2011). 1559:In the social sciences, institutions are the 876: 8: 3577:. Continuum International Publishing Group, 3459:Social Structure and Personality Development 3130:Schieffelin, Bambi B.; Ochs, Elinor (1987). 2478: 1873:. North-Holland: Elsevier. pp. 462–66. 1869:(2006). "Socialization". In K. Brown (ed.). 1605:Social Structure and Personality Development 1039:Erikson's stages of psychosocial development 2968:. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 2893:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGilligan1990 ( 2874:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGilligan1982 ( 2614: 2612: 2610: 1633:and asks if it is possible to oppose them. 966:Genetic studies have shown that a person's 5308: 4574: 4361: 4347: 4339: 3655: 3636: 3622: 3614: 3470:Hurrelmann, Klaus; Bauer, Ullrich (2018). 3060:(reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. 2837:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHenslin1999 ( 2795:Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 883: 869: 54: 38: 4097:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 3457:Hurrelmann, Klaus (1989, reissued 2009). 3022: 3004: 3002: 2933: 2908:Epstein, Marina; Ward, Monique L (2011). 2760: 2718: 2582: 2381: 2371: 1994:Psychology: Brain, Behavior & Culture 1752: 1750: 1063:(1863–1931) developed a theory of social 968:environment interacts with their genotype 5525:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 2888: 2869: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 1871:Encyclopedia of language and linguistics 1587:and permanence, transcending individual 3461:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 3433:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3278: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3093:"The Whiteness of Prejudice Plus Power" 2832: 1746: 934:Socialization is strongly connected to 46: 3172:The Handbook of Language Socialization 3132:Language Socialization across Cultures 2144:(Master's Thesis). Wesleyan University 1545:can examplify negative socialization. 5017:Psychological effects of Internet use 3321: 3319: 3108: 3106: 2119:. Oxford University Press. March 2017 1079:Contradictory evidence to behaviorism 7: 4085:Right-wing authoritarian personality 3472:Socialisation During the Life Course 3426:Miller, Seumas (21 December 2014) . 3207:"What is the socialization process?" 1160:Primary socialization occurs when a 4997:Digital media use and mental health 3593:McQuail's Mass Communication Theory 3394:. London: Pluto Press. p. 53. 2735:Plomin, R; Daniels, D (June 2011). 1940:Psychology: the science of behavior 1126:to some extent social behavior and 4628:Automatic and controlled processes 2666:South African Journal of Education 2548:Adam, Alvenfors (1 January 2010). 1942:. Pearson (3rd Canadian edition). 1230:Organizational Socialization Chart 1033:Stages of psychosocial development 970:to influence behavioral outcomes. 957:predetermined by their environment 25: 5037:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 2094:. F. Jefferies. 1851. p. 465 2070:. 6 September 1841. p. 505. 5688: 5675: 5663: 5662: 5062:Mobile phones and driving safety 3355:Amaechi, Dr (Mrs) Louisa Ngozi. 3291:Amaechi, Dr (Mrs) Louisa Ngozi. 3091:Gil De Lamadrid, Daniel (2022). 2693:Plomin, R.; Daniels, D. (1987). 1609:productive processing of reality 1595:Productive processing of reality 1092:The social pre-wiring hypothesis 850: 4965:Computer-mediated communication 3388:Price, Stuart (15 March 2010). 1122:. Rather, newborns most likely 436:Peace, war, and social conflict 5242:Empathising–systemising theory 4545:female intrasexual competition 4482:Evolutionarily stable strategy 4080:Authoritarian leadership style 3595:: Fifth Edition, London: Sage. 3152:Schieffelin, Bambi B. (1990). 3138:. Cambridge University Press, 2446:Journal of Adolescent Research 2138:St. Martin, Jenna (May 2007). 1879:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00353-9 1756:Clausen, John A. (ed.) (1968) 32:Socialization (disambiguation) 1: 5602:Standard social science model 4655:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis 3985:Social construction of gender 3430:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). 2807:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60297-X 2699:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2571:Journal of Applied Psychology 2066:"Fourier and his partisans". 1938:Carlson, N.R.; et al. (2005) 1734:Value (personal and cultural) 1360:Social construction of gender 5450:Missing heritability problem 5042:Social aspects of television 4665:Evolution of nervous systems 4633:Computational theory of mind 3980:Rally 'round the flag effect 3474:. London/New York: Routledge 2373:10.1371/journal.pone.0013199 1216:Organizational socialization 5738:Majority–minority relations 5696:Evolutionary biology portal 4183:Asch conformity experiments 3900:Identification (psychology) 3335:European Scientific Journal 3205:Baldwin, John (July 2001). 2633:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.458 2431:"SparkNotes: Socialization" 1607:, he develops the model of 1417:racial-ethnic socialization 1015:Stages of moral development 5754: 5657:Evolutionary psychologists 5530:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 5445:Human–animal communication 5157:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 5007:Imprinted brain hypothesis 4975:Human–computer interaction 4198:Stanford prison experiment 3940:Normative social influence 3541:10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.286 3033:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747 2593:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.779 2498:Macionis & Gerber 2010 2327:Macionis & Gerber 2010 2303:Macionis & Gerber 2010 2291:Macionis & Gerber 2010 2184:10.1177/000271629500600304 2168:"The Problem of Sociology" 1773:Macionis, John J. (2013). 1622: 1552: 1454:linguistic anthropologists 1431:and a black-white binary. 1353: 1246: 1219: 1200: 1188:Anticipatory socialization 1185: 1182:Anticipatory socialization 1153: 1053: 1036: 1018: 980: 931:continuity are attained". 107:Human environmental impact 29: 5651: 5577:Environmental determinism 5548:Cultural selection theory 5435:Evolutionary epistemology 5349:evolutionary neuroscience 5022:Rank theory of depression 4524:Parent–offspring conflict 4376: 4147:Normalization of deviance 4075:Authoritarian personality 3502:Resources in your library 2926:10.1007/s11199-011-9975-7 2711:10.1017/s0140525x00055941 2037:10.1017/S0033291706009524 1758:Socialisation and Society 1415:Racial socialization, or 5733:Sociological terminology 5470:Cultural group selection 5354:Biocultural anthropology 5047:Societal impacts of cars 4980:Media naturalness theory 4670:Fight-or-flight response 4157:Preference falsification 3591:McQuail, Dennis (2005). 3573:Kramsch, Claire (2003). 3326:Odoemelam, Uche Bright. 3011:Developmental Psychology 2479:Schaefer & Lamm 1992 2458:10.1177/0743558406293963 2214:Giddings, Franklin Henry 2091:The Gentleman's Magazine 1762:Little Brown and Company 1709:Socialization of animals 1435:Oppression socialization 1324:Stage 4: Resocialization 1104:socially oriented action 1056:Reciprocal socialization 936:developmental psychology 201:Structural functionalism 5670:Evolutionary psychology 5634:Sociocultural evolution 5475:Dual inheritance theory 4932:Personality development 4393:Theoretical foundations 4370:Evolutionary psychology 3819:Tyranny of the majority 2857:Conversation and Gender 1853:Encyclopædia Britannica 1625:Political socialization 1613:personality development 1513:Socialization enhances 1501:Political socialization 1442:political socialization 1173:Secondary socialization 221:Symbolic interactionism 116:Industrial revolutions 5592:Social constructionism 5587:Psychological nativism 5562:Biological determinism 5510:Recent human evolution 5505:Punctuated equilibrium 5328:Behavioral epigenetics 5323:evolutionary economics 5292:Variability hypothesis 5237:Emotional intelligence 4970:Engineering psychology 4660:Evolution of the brain 4122:Communal reinforcement 3875:False consensus effect 3605:White, Graham (1977). 3559:, Volume 8. Springer, 2024:Psychological Medicine 1534:Negative socialization 1525:Positive socialization 1448:Language socialization 1402:Sociologist of gender 1295:Stage 2: Socialization 1279:Stage 1: Investigation 1258: 1231: 211:Social constructionism 18:Language socialization 5619:Multilineal evolution 5582:Nature versus nurture 5541:Theoretical positions 5389:Functional psychology 5384:Evolutionary medicine 5359:Biological psychiatry 5067:Texting while driving 5057:Lead–crime hypothesis 4917:Cognitive development 4902:Caregiver deprivation 4413:Gene selection theory 4226:Anti-social behaviour 4221:Anti-authoritarianism 3960:Pluralistic ignorance 3807:National conservatism 3802:Left-wing nationalism 3785:Governmental pressure 3428:"Social institutions" 2247:History of Psychology 2076:2027/pst.000055430180 1664:Functional illiteracy 1654:Cultural assimilation 1492:Natural socialization 1484:Planned socialization 1256: 1229: 1156:Primary socialization 1150:Primary socialization 1114:wiring to be social. 586:Conversation analysis 161:Social stratification 5728:Deviance (sociology) 5572:Cultural determinism 5379:Evolutionary biology 5364:Cognitive psychology 5312:Academic disciplines 4960:Cognitive ergonomics 4927:Language acquisition 4907:Childhood attachment 4720:Wason selection task 4614:Behavioral modernity 4403:Cognitive revolution 4386:Evolutionary thought 4188:Breaching experiment 3975:Operant conditioning 3920:Mere exposure effect 3598:Mehan, Hugh (1991). 2621:Psychological Review 1719:Structure and agency 1469:language acquisition 1411:Racial socialization 1350:Gender socialization 1339:Stage 5: Remembrance 1310:Stage 3: Maintenance 983:History of sociology 911:) is the process of 909:spelling differences 903:(Modern English; or 5639:Unilineal evolution 5404:Population genetics 5189:Sexy son hypothesis 5127:Hormonal motivation 5107:Concealed ovulation 4648:Dual process theory 4519:Parental investment 4068:Individual pressure 3945:Passing (sociology) 3880:Fear of missing out 3845:Closure (sociology) 3759:Enemy of the people 2500:, pp. 120–121. 2364:2010PLoSO...513199C 2114:"socialization, n." 2019:Kendler, Kenneth S. 1679:Positive psychology 1257:Group socialization 1243:Group socialization 1165:mother expresses a 1120:social construction 1061:George Herbert Mead 171:Social cycle theory 42:Part of a series on 5597:Social determinism 5480:Fisher's principle 5440:Great ape language 5430:Cultural evolution 5399:Philosophy of mind 5232:Division of labour 5194:Westermarck effect 5142:Mating preferences 5052:Distracted driving 4786:Literary criticism 4643:Domain specificity 4623:modularity of mind 4236:Civil disobedience 4193:Milgram experiment 4132:Creeping normality 4034:Social integration 3970:Psychosocial issue 3910:Invented tradition 3764:Enemy of the state 3609:, London: Longman. 2753:10.1093/ije/dyq148 2166:(1 January 1895). 2068:The London Phalanx 1704:Social integration 1259: 1232: 1210:transsexual person 1130:through genetics. 1100:social interaction 1073:looking glass self 857:Society portal 480:History of science 461:Race and ethnicity 141:Social environment 5705: 5704: 5683:Psychology portal 5647: 5646: 5490:Hologenome theory 5460:Unit of selection 5455:Primate cognition 5369:Cognitive science 5300: 5299: 5171:Sexual attraction 5147:Mating strategies 4912:Cinderella effect 4842:Moral foundations 4746:Visual perception 4638:Domain generality 4607:Facial expression 4555:Sexual dimorphism 4514:Natural selection 4460:Hamiltonian spite 4336: 4335: 4216:Alternative media 4105: 4104: 4044:Spiral of silence 3915:Memory conformity 3855:Consensus reality 3748:Persona non grata 3669:Damnatio memoriae 3488:Library resources 3156:. P CUP Archive, 1851:"socialization". 1829:978-0-13-800270-1 1807:978-0-435-49915-0 1619:Oversocialization 1461:Bambi Schieffelin 1026:Lawrence Kohlberg 893: 892: 611:Social experiment 491:Social psychology 136:Social complexity 16:(Redirected from 5745: 5692: 5679: 5666: 5665: 5309: 5305:Related subjects 5092:Adult attachment 4619:Cognitive module 4575: 4562:Social selection 4536:Costly signaling 4531:Sexual selection 4418:Modern synthesis 4363: 4356: 4349: 4340: 4261:Devil's advocate 4231:Auto-segregation 4127:Countersignaling 4054:Toxic positivity 4029:Social influence 3990:Social contagion 3835:Bandwagon effect 3792:Authoritarianism 3656: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3615: 3552: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3410: 3408: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3202: 3189: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3026: 3006: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2967: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2937: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2830: 2821: 2820: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2764: 2732: 2722: 2690: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2661: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2616: 2605: 2604: 2586: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2405: 2396: 2395: 2385: 2375: 2343: 2330: 2324: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2269:. Archived from 2259:10.1037/a0021984 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2015: 2009: 1998:Wiley & Sons 1987: 1981: 1957: 1951: 1936: 1930: 1921: 1915: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1815: 1809: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1770: 1764: 1754: 1601:Klaus Hurrelmann 1314:role negotiation 1106:already present 885: 878: 871: 855: 854: 606:Network analysis 496:Sociocybernetics 486:Social movements 216:Social darwinism 166:Social structure 58: 39: 21: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5643: 5629:Neoevolutionism 5536: 5520:Species complex 5485:Group selection 5423:Research topics 5418: 5394:Neuropsychology 5296: 5282:Substance abuse 5204:Sex differences 5198: 5112:Coolidge effect 5073: 4985:Neuroergonomics 4950: 4941: 4865: 4767: 4701:Folk psychology 4582: 4566: 4436: 4429: 4372: 4367: 4337: 4332: 4303:Insubordination 4251:Culture jamming 4241:Cosmopolitanism 4202: 4171: 4142:Internalization 4101: 4063: 3823: 3814:Totalitarianism 3780: 3647: 3642: 3612: 3526: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3482:Further reading 3479: 3478: 3469: 3465: 3456: 3449: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3368: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3304: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3216: 3214: 3204: 3203: 3192: 3188: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3024:10.1.1.525.3222 3008: 3007: 3000: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2920:(1–2): 108–18. 2907: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2831: 2824: 2817: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2741:Int J Epidemiol 2734: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2618: 2617: 2608: 2584:10.1.1.318.5702 2568: 2567: 2563: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2399: 2345: 2344: 2333: 2325: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2276: 2274: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2017: 2016: 2012: 1988: 1984: 1958: 1954: 1937: 1933: 1929:, October 2002. 1926:Natural History 1922: 1918: 1907:The Blank Slate 1900: 1896: 1889: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1755: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1694:Behavioral sink 1644: 1627: 1621: 1597: 1557: 1551: 1536: 1527: 1503: 1494: 1486: 1450: 1437: 1413: 1366: 1352: 1272: 1251: 1245: 1224: 1218: 1205: 1203:Resocialization 1199: 1197:Resocialization 1190: 1184: 1175: 1158: 1152: 1147: 1085:social behavior 1081: 1058: 1052: 1044:Erik H. Erikson 1041: 1035: 1023: 1017: 1009:Talcott Parsons 993:state of nature 985: 979: 889: 849: 842: 841: 802: 792: 791: 719: 645: 631: 629:Major theorists 621: 620: 556: 546: 545: 236: 226: 225: 196:Critical theory 191:Conflict theory 186: 176: 175: 146:Social equality 87: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5751: 5749: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5710: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5686: 5673: 5660: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5334: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5306: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5173: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5012:Mind-blindness 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4956: 4954: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4777: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4705:theory of mind 4698: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4588: 4586: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4538: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4472:Baldwin effect 4469: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4377: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4246:Counterculture 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4208:Anticonformity 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4167:Social reality 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4059:Untouchability 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4007: 3997: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3925:Milieu control 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3905:Indoctrination 3902: 3897: 3895:Herd mentality 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3828:Group pressure 3825: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3751: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3735: 3725: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3706:Cancel culture 3703: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3672: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3587:978-0826453723 3571: 3569:978-9048194667 3553: 3524: 3522:978-1853596353 3509: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3463: 3447: 3418: 3400: 3380: 3347: 3315: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3247: 3235: 3223: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3184:978-1444342888 3168: 3166:978-0521386548 3150: 3148:978-0521339193 3134:. Volume 3 of 3127: 3120: 3102: 3083: 3066: 3046: 3017:(5): 747–770. 2998: 2985: 2979:978-0804714303 2978: 2949: 2900: 2881: 2862: 2853:Cromdal, Jakob 2844: 2822: 2816:978-0120152155 2815: 2785: 2776: 2685: 2675: 2656: 2646: 2606: 2561: 2540: 2522: 2502: 2490: 2481:, p. 113. 2471: 2436: 2422: 2397: 2358:(10): e13199. 2331: 2329:, p. 109. 2316: 2307: 2305:, p. 111. 2295: 2293:, p. 108. 2283: 2233: 2205: 2155: 2130: 2105: 2081: 2058: 2010: 1982: 1952: 1931: 1916: 1902:Pinker, Steven 1894: 1888:978-0080448541 1887: 1867:Cromdal, Jakob 1858: 1843: 1828: 1810: 1790: 1784:978-0133753271 1783: 1765: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1669:Indoctrination 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1635:Émile Durkheim 1620: 1617: 1603:. In his book 1596: 1593: 1585:social purpose 1575:governing the 1553:Main article: 1550: 1547: 1535: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1449: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1412: 1409: 1392:Carol Gilligan 1351: 1348: 1283:reconnaissance 1271: 1268: 1249:Group dynamics 1244: 1241: 1237:control system 1220:Main article: 1217: 1214: 1201:Main article: 1198: 1195: 1186:Main article: 1183: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1167:discriminatory 1154:Main article: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1094:refers to the 1080: 1077: 1051: 1048: 1037:Main article: 1034: 1031: 1019:Main article: 1016: 1013: 978: 975: 891: 890: 888: 887: 880: 873: 865: 862: 861: 860: 859: 844: 843: 840: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 803: 798: 797: 794: 793: 647: 646: 632: 627: 626: 623: 622: 619: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 557: 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 256:Astrosociology 253: 248: 243: 237: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 187: 182: 181: 178: 177: 174: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 114: 109: 104: 102:Human behavior 99: 94: 88: 85: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78: 73: 68: 60: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5750: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5718:Socialization 5716: 5715: 5713: 5698: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5624:Neo-Darwinism 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5609:Functionalism 5607: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5567:Connectionism 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5557:indeterminism 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5277:Schizophrenia 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5262:Mental health 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5137:Mate guarding 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5097:Age disparity 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5027:Schizophrenia 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4952:Mental health 4948: 4947:Human factors 4944: 4938: 4937:Socialization 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4897:paternal bond 4894: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4761:Naïve physics 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4727:Motor control 4725: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4685:Ophidiophobia 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4675:Arachnophobia 4673: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602:Display rules 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4504:Kin selection 4502: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4398:Adaptationism 4396: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298:Individualism 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4137:Herd behavior 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4092:Control freak 4090: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4039:Socialization 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3955:Peer pressure 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3935:Normalization 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3860:Culture shock 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3716:Deplatforming 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3608: 3607:Socialisation 3604: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535:(4): 286–96. 3534: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493:Socialization 3489: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3403: 3401:9780745320809 3397: 3393: 3392: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3213:on 2012-10-25 3212: 3208: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3069: 3067:9781317720850 3063: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2958:Connell, R.W. 2953: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2890: 2889:Gilligan 1990 2885: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2870:Gilligan 1982 2866: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2835:, p. 76. 2834: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2747:(3): 563–82. 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733:Reprinted in 2730: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2657: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627:(3): 458–89. 2626: 2622: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2577:(5): 779–94. 2576: 2572: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2525: 2523:9780740786808 2519: 2515: 2514: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452:(6): 647–69. 2451: 2447: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2411: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2284: 2273:on 2017-09-22 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2234: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164:Simmel, Georg 2159: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2134: 2131: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2031:(5): 615–26. 2030: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006:0-471-38754-1 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1978:0-00-200663-4 1975: 1971: 1970:HarperCollins 1967: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948:0-205-45769-X 1945: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1912:Penguin Books 1909: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1714:Social skills 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1649:Acculturation 1647: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1631:social orders 1626: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1533: 1531: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1491: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1465:enculturation 1462: 1458: 1455: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1429:zero-sum game 1426: 1425:United States 1422: 1418: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1382:Social groups 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1304:accommodation 1301: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1255: 1250: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1228: 1223: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1204: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1181: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1040: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 984: 976: 974: 971: 969: 964: 962: 958: 955: 951: 947: 942: 939: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913:internalizing 910: 906: 905:socialisation 902: 901:socialization 898: 886: 881: 879: 874: 872: 867: 866: 864: 863: 858: 853: 848: 847: 846: 845: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 822:Organizations 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 801: 796: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 771: · 770: 767: · 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 727: · 726: 723: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 659: · 658: 654: 651: 644: 640: 637: 634: 633: 630: 625: 624: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 576:Computational 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 558: 555: 550: 549: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 481: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 321:Environmental 319: 316: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 271:Consciousness 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 235: 230: 229: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 188: 185: 180: 179: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 151:Social equity 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 97:Globalization 95: 93: 90: 89: 83: 82: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 5694: 5681: 5668: 5655: 5414:Sociobiology 5272:Neuroscience 5252:Intelligence 4936: 4798:Anthropology 4751:Color vision 4736:Multitasking 4715:Flynn effect 4710:Intelligence 4692:Folk biology 4435:Evolutionary 4308:Pueblo clown 4293:Idiosyncrasy 4278:Eccentricity 4162:Social proof 4038: 3870:Echo chamber 3850:Collectivism 3840:Brainwashing 3771:Scapegoating 3754:Public enemy 3746: 3737: 3701:Blacklisting 3688: 3667: 3660:Proscription 3606: 3599: 3592: 3574: 3556: 3532: 3528: 3492: 3471: 3466: 3458: 3431: 3421: 3412: 3405:. Retrieved 3390: 3383: 3374: 3367:. Retrieved 3363: 3350: 3338:. Retrieved 3334: 3310: 3303:. Retrieved 3299: 3286: 3279:Baldwin 2001 3274: 3267:Baldwin 2001 3262: 3255:Baldwin 2001 3250: 3243:Baldwin 2001 3238: 3231:Baldwin 2001 3226: 3215:. Retrieved 3211:the original 3171: 3153: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3114: 3096: 3086: 3078: 3071:. Retrieved 3056: 3049: 3014: 3010: 2993: 2988: 2963: 2952: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2884: 2865: 2856: 2847: 2833:Henslin 1999 2798: 2794: 2788: 2779: 2744: 2740: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2683:Association. 2678: 2672:(2): 177–90. 2669: 2665: 2659: 2649: 2624: 2620: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2534: 2527:. Retrieved 2512: 2505: 2493: 2474: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2425: 2413:. Retrieved 2355: 2351: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2275:. Retrieved 2271:the original 2250: 2246: 2236: 2224:. Retrieved 2218: 2208: 2178:(3): 52–63. 2175: 2171: 2158: 2146:. Retrieved 2140: 2133: 2121:. Retrieved 2116: 2108: 2096:. Retrieved 2090: 2084: 2067: 2061: 2028: 2022: 2013: 1993: 1985: 1963: 1955: 1939: 1934: 1924: 1919: 1910:. New York: 1905: 1897: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1846: 1819: 1813: 1798: 1793: 1774: 1768: 1757: 1628: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1569:social order 1558: 1555:Institutions 1549:Institutions 1541: 1537: 1528: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1487: 1476: 1472: 1451: 1438: 1421:ethnic group 1414: 1404:R.W. Connell 1401: 1397: 1390: 1374:gender roles 1370:gender roles 1367: 1343: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1300:assimilation 1299: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1260: 1233: 1206: 1191: 1176: 1159: 1136: 1132: 1116: 1107: 1091: 1090: 1082: 1059: 1042: 1024: 1005:World War II 986: 972: 965: 954:blank slates 943: 940: 933: 904: 900: 894: 807:Bibliography 721: 649: 648: 635: 601:Mathematical 581:Ethnographic 561:Quantitative 246:Architecture 184:Perspectives 156:Social power 36: 5553:Determinism 5465:Coevolution 5409:Primatology 5247:Gender role 5152:Orientation 5032:Screen time 4889:Affectional 4871:Development 4550:Mate choice 4477:By-products 4445:Adaptations 4408:Cognitivism 4328:Shock value 4283:Eclecticism 4176:Experiments 3797:Nationalism 3733:Civil death 3652:Enforcement 2705:(3): 1–16. 1581:individuals 1573:cooperation 1457:Elinor Ochs 1386:stereotypic 1364:Role theory 1329:convergence 1288:recruitment 1263:personality 1065:behaviorism 1050:Behaviorism 1001:association 987:Notions of 812:Terminology 781:Baudrillard 657:Tocqueville 571:Comparative 566:Qualitative 536:Victimology 366:Immigration 351:Generations 266:Criminology 5723:Conformity 5712:Categories 5500:Population 5495:Lamarckism 5341:behavioral 5319:Behavioral 5267:Narcissism 5212:Aggression 5002:Hypophobia 4992:Depression 4879:Attachment 4861:Universals 4825:Psychology 4803:Biological 4791:Musicology 4781:Aesthetics 4680:Basophobia 4487:Exaptation 4465:Reciprocal 4117:Compliance 4110:Conformity 4010:Hysterical 4000:Behavioral 3965:Propaganda 3950:Patriotism 3885:Groupthink 3711:Censorship 3690:Homo sacer 3645:Conformity 3583:0826453724 3565:9048194660 3518:1853596353 3217:2012-10-04 3180:1444342886 3162:0521386543 3144:0521339197 2801:: 137–92. 2415:9 November 2277:2018-04-20 2117:OED Online 1990:Westen, D. 1960:Ridley, M. 1760:, Boston: 1741:References 1724:TPI-theory 1623:See also: 1565:mechanisms 1561:structures 1378:mass media 1354:See also: 1318:divergence 1247:See also: 1222:Onboarding 1069:self-image 1054:See also: 981:See also: 921:ideologies 837:By country 591:Historical 516:Technology 456:Punishment 441:Philosophy 416:Mathematic 406:Literature 371:Industrial 361:Historical 286:Demography 206:Positivism 131:Popularity 86:Key themes 5345:cognitive 5337:Affective 5222:Cognition 5176:Sexuality 5162:Pair bond 4922:Education 4579:Cognition 4497:Inclusive 4437:processes 4425:Criticism 4313:Rebellion 4271:Political 4152:Obedience 4022:Emotional 3995:Addiction 3739:Vogelfrei 3696:Ostracism 3679:Dissenter 3675:Dissident 3442:1095-5054 3019:CiteSeerX 2914:Sex Roles 2579:CiteSeerX 2466:145667784 2200:143284719 1838:434559397 1820:Sociology 1775:Sociology 1659:Discourse 1344:tradition 1139:gestation 997:socialism 897:sociology 653:Martineau 596:Interview 521:Terrorism 501:Sociology 446:Political 386:Knowledge 306:Education 48:Sociology 5614:Memetics 5374:Ethology 5332:genetics 5167:Physical 5132:Jealousy 5087:Activity 4893:maternal 4849:Religion 4837:Morality 4815:Language 4696:taxonomy 4509:Mismatch 4455:Cheating 4450:Altruism 4318:Red team 4256:Deviance 3776:Shunning 3549:18954164 3376:economy. 3097:Academia 3041:16953684 2960:(1987). 2944:21712963 2771:21807642 2729:21807642 2601:14516244 2392:20949058 2352:PLOS ONE 2267:21688750 2253:(1): 2. 2216:(1897). 2053:43598144 2045:17176502 1674:Memetics 1642:See also 1577:behavior 1543:Bullying 1515:business 1128:identity 1096:ontogeny 991:and the 952:are not 929:cultural 832:Timeline 817:Journals 785:Bourdieu 777:Habermas 773:Luhmann 769:Foucault 713:Mannheim 693:Durkheim 466:Religion 426:Military 391:Language 376:Internet 331:Feminist 315:Jealousy 301:Economic 296:Disaster 291:Deviance 234:Branches 112:Identity 5515:Species 5287:Suicide 5122:Fantasy 5102:Arousal 4884:Bonding 4773:Culture 4597:Display 4584:Emotion 4492:Fitness 4381:History 4266:Dissent 4049:Teasing 4015:Suicide 3930:Mobbing 3723:Outcast 3407:15 June 3073:15 June 2935:3122487 2762:3147063 2720:3147063 2529:15 June 2383:2951360 2360:Bibcode 2226:2 April 2192:1009553 2148:2 April 2123:2 April 2098:2 April 1992:(2002) 1962:(2003) 1914:, 2002. 1699:Respect 1689:Shyness 1684:Sharing 1477:through 1124:inherit 1112:genetic 989:society 977:History 925:society 789:Giddens 787:· 783:· 775:· 763:· 761:Goffman 757:Schoeck 743:· 735:· 711:· 709:Du Bois 707:· 699:· 695:· 687:· 681:Tönnies 679:· 665:Spencer 663:· 641:· 554:Methods 531:Utopian 476:Science 421:Medical 411:Marxist 401:Leisure 311:Emotion 276:Culture 92:Society 71:Outline 66:History 5693: 5680: 5667: 5257:Memory 5217:Autism 5184:female 5117:Desire 4854:Origin 4830:Speech 4820:Origin 4592:Affect 4323:Satire 4288:Hermit 3890:Hazing 3728:Outlaw 3581: 3563: 3547: 3516: 3490:about 3440: 3398: 3369:11 May 3340:11 May 3305:11 May 3178: 3160: 3142: 3064: 3039: 3021: 2976: 2970:191–94 2942: 2932: 2813: 2769: 2759: 2727: 2717: 2654:Wiley. 2641:349830 2639: 2599: 2581: 2520: 2464: 2390: 2380: 2265: 2198: 2190: 2051: 2043: 2004: 1976: 1946: 1885: 1836: 1826: 1805: 1781: 1362:, and 1270:Stages 1108:before 950:agents 907:- see 827:People 765:Bauman 745:Nisbet 741:Merton 733:Gehlen 729:Adorno 722:1900s: 697:Addams 689:Simmel 685:Veblen 677:Pareto 669:Le Bon 650:1800s: 643:Sieyès 636:1700s: 616:Survey 541:Visual 451:Public 356:Health 346:Gender 336:Fiscal 326:Family 5227:Crime 4810:Crime 4741:Sleep 4731:skill 4571:Areas 4005:Crime 3865:Dogma 3684:Exile 3360:(PDF) 3331:(PDF) 3296:(PDF) 2637:S2CID 2554:[ 2462:S2CID 2196:S2CID 2188:JSTOR 2049:S2CID 1729:Truth 1589:human 1519:trade 1162:child 1145:Types 961:genes 946:moral 917:norms 800:Lists 749:Mills 725:Fromm 717:Elias 705:Weber 639:Comte 526:Urban 511:Sport 506:Space 471:Rural 431:Music 381:Jewry 281:Death 241:Aging 76:Index 5180:male 4541:Male 3579:ISBN 3561:ISBN 3545:PMID 3514:ISBN 3438:ISSN 3409:2023 3396:ISBN 3371:2023 3342:2023 3307:2023 3176:ISBN 3158:ISBN 3140:ISBN 3075:2023 3062:ISBN 3037:PMID 2974:ISBN 2940:PMID 2895:help 2876:help 2839:help 2811:ISBN 2767:PMID 2725:PMID 2597:PMID 2531:2023 2518:ISBN 2485:help 2417:2020 2388:PMID 2263:PMID 2228:2017 2150:2017 2125:2017 2100:2017 2041:PMID 2002:ISBN 1974:ISBN 1944:ISBN 1883:ISBN 1834:OCLC 1824:ISBN 1803:ISBN 1779:ISBN 1571:and 1563:and 1475:and 1459:and 1333:exit 919:and 915:the 753:Bell 737:Aron 701:Mead 673:Ward 661:Marx 341:Food 261:Body 5079:Sex 4756:Eye 3537:doi 3029:doi 2930:PMC 2922:doi 2803:doi 2757:PMC 2749:doi 2715:PMC 2707:doi 2629:doi 2625:102 2589:doi 2536:up. 2454:doi 2378:PMC 2368:doi 2255:doi 2180:doi 2072:hdl 2033:doi 1875:doi 1579:of 1567:of 1320:). 1098:of 923:of 895:In 396:Law 251:Art 5714:: 3677:/ 3585:, 3567:, 3543:. 3533:14 3531:. 3520:, 3450:^ 3411:. 3373:. 3362:. 3333:. 3318:^ 3309:. 3298:. 3193:^ 3182:, 3164:, 3146:, 3105:^ 3095:. 3077:. 3035:. 3027:. 3015:42 3013:. 3001:^ 2972:. 2938:. 2928:. 2918:65 2916:. 2912:. 2825:^ 2809:. 2799:15 2797:. 2765:. 2755:. 2745:40 2743:. 2739:. 2723:. 2713:. 2703:10 2701:. 2697:. 2670:27 2668:. 2635:. 2623:. 2609:^ 2595:. 2587:. 2575:88 2573:. 2533:. 2460:. 2450:21 2448:. 2400:^ 2386:. 2376:. 2366:. 2354:. 2350:. 2334:^ 2319:^ 2261:. 2251:14 2249:. 2245:. 2194:. 2186:. 2174:. 2170:. 2047:. 2039:. 2029:37 2027:. 2000:. 1996:. 1972:. 1968:. 1904:. 1881:. 1832:. 1799:In 1749:^ 1517:, 1473:to 1380:. 1358:, 1346:. 1335:. 1011:. 963:. 899:, 779:· 759:· 755:· 751:· 747:· 739:· 731:· 715:· 703:· 691:· 683:· 675:· 671:· 667:· 655:· 124:/ 120:/ 5555:/ 5347:/ 5343:/ 5339:/ 5330:/ 5321:/ 5182:/ 5178:/ 5169:/ 4949:/ 4895:/ 4891:/ 4729:/ 4703:/ 4694:/ 4621:/ 4581:/ 4543:/ 4362:e 4355:t 4348:v 3637:e 3630:t 3623:v 3551:. 3539:: 3444:. 3414:. 3344:. 3220:. 3099:. 3043:. 3031:: 2982:. 2946:. 2924:: 2897:) 2891:. 2878:) 2872:. 2841:) 2819:. 2805:: 2773:. 2751:: 2731:. 2709:: 2643:. 2631:: 2603:. 2591:: 2487:) 2468:. 2456:: 2433:. 2419:. 2394:. 2370:: 2362:: 2356:5 2280:. 2257:: 2230:. 2202:. 2182:: 2176:6 2152:. 2127:. 2102:. 2078:. 2074:: 2055:. 2035:: 2008:. 1980:. 1950:. 1891:. 1877:: 1840:. 1787:. 1327:( 1298:( 884:e 877:t 870:v 482:) 478:( 317:) 313:( 126:5 122:4 118:3 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.