276:
refused to obey his command. So the general ordered his forces to the assault. In front of the gate of this stronghold there was a tower, made of beams of this wood laid in alternating directions at right angles to each other, like a funeral pyre, and built high, so that they could drive off an attacking party by throwing stakes and stones from the top. When it was observed that they had no other missiles than stakes, and that these could not be hurled very far from the wall on account of the weight, orders were given to approach and to throw bundles of brushwood and lighted torches at this outwork. These the soldiers soon got together.
1642:
1625:
1037:
1604:
1658:
72:
1552:, for exterior cladding of buildings, and interior paneling. The timber is somewhat resistant to rot when in contact with the ground, and historically was used as posts and in fencing. However, European Standard EN 350-2 lists larch as slightly to moderately durable; this would make it unsuitable for ground contact use without preservative in temperate climates, and would give it a limited life as external cladding without coatings.
1114:
1048:
49:
4774:
6150:
280:
they should be surrounded with a palisade, built beyond the range of missiles. So the townspeople were frightened into surrendering, and were then asked where that wood came from which was not harmed by fire. They pointed to trees of the kind under discussion, of which there are very great numbers in that vicinity. And so, as that stronghold was called
Larignum, the wood was called larch.
311:
4784:
4794:
472: in), often with exserted bracts, with the longest cones and bracts produced by the southernmost species, in the Himalayas. The seeds are winged. The larches are streamlined trees, the root system is broad and deep and the bark is finely cracked and wrinkled in irregular plaques. The wood is bicolor, with salmon pink heartwood and yellowish white sapwood.
1225:
327:, can reach 50 to 60 m (165 to 195 ft). The larch's tree crown is sparse and the branches are brought horizontal to the stem, even if some species have them characteristically pendulous. Larch shoots are dimorphic, with leaves borne singly on long shoots typically 10 to 50 cm (4 to 20 in) long and bearing several
279:
The flames soon kindled the brushwood which lay about that wooden structure and, rising towards heaven, made everybody think that the whole pile had fallen. But when the fire had burned itself out and subsided, and the tower appeared to view entirely uninjured, Caesar in amazement gave orders that
275:
It is worth while to know how this wood was discovered. The divine Caesar, being with his army in the neighbourhood of the Alps, and having ordered the towns to furnish supplies, the inhabitants of a fortified stronghold there, called
Larignum, trusting in the natural strength of their defences,
1000:
species, with the cone and bract size being merely adaptations to climatic conditions. More recent genetic studies have proposed three groups within the genus, with a primary division into North
American and Eurasian species, and a secondary division of the Eurasian into northern short-bracted
530:. They require a cool and fairly humid climate and for this reason they are found in the mountains of the temperate zones, while in the northernmost boreal zones they are also found in the plain. Larch trees go further north than all, reaching in North America and Siberia the
243:). Growing from 20 to 45 metres (65 to 150 feet) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high latitudes, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the
1753:
Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021).
434:) 5–8 months after pollination; in about half the species the bract scales are long and visible, and in the others, short and hidden between the seed scales. Those native to northern regions have small cones (1–3 cm or
2234:
European
Standard EN 350-2 (1994); Durability of Wood and Wood-based Products – Natural Durability of Solid Wood: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe
2195:
1641:
6191:
1820:
4667:
2676:
7481:
1448:(larch canker); this is particularly a problem on sites prone to late spring frosts, which cause minor injuries to the tree allowing entry to the fungal spores. In
1624:
4830:
7520:
6184:
267:
The
English name larch ultimately derives from the Latin "larigna", named after the ancient settlement of Larignum. The story of its naming was preserved by
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1350:
7429:
6239:
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7581:
7494:
7442:
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375: in wide). Larches are among the few deciduous conifers, which are usually evergreen. Other deciduous conifers include the golden larch
1005:, a short-bracted species which is placed in the short-bracted group by some of the studies and the long-bracted group by others. The genus
542:
and they are very long-lived trees. They live in pure or mixed forests together with other conifers or more rarely with broad-leaved trees.
7676:
4787:
1603:
1028:
There are ten accepted species of larch and one accepted hybrid, subdivided on the basis of the most recent phylogenetic investigations:
4642:
2315:) at high latitudes in nutrient-poor peatlands in the northern hemisphere, where evergreen plants are expected to dominate and often do.
1406:
fungal species, including some species which primarily or only associate with larch. One of the most prominent of these species is the
4823:
4672:
2330:
1706:
4873:
4647:
7468:
4868:
4652:
1592:" is depicted as specifically a larch tree. Planted on borders with birch, both tree species were used in pagan cremations.
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7507:
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4816:
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4372:
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383:
7671:
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992:
with long bracts), but genetic evidence does not support this division, pointing instead to a genetic divide between
7602:
3849:
1856:
2056:
Gros-Louis, Marie-Claude; Bousquet, Jean; Pâques, Luc E.; Isabel, Nathalie (2005). "Species-diagnostic markers in
7525:
4677:
3815:
3142:
7607:
6229:
2401:
71:
7416:
4957:
4029:
3177:
3172:
3110:
1508:
1200:
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7403:
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6169:
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3835:
3805:
3800:
3506:
2812:
2435:
1756:"Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms"
1452:, this disease was first detected in 1980 and is particularly harmful to an indigenous species larch, the
1092:
Parl. – Subalpine larch. Mountains of northwest United States and southwest Canada, at very high altitude.
1036:
389:
31:
5861:
2369:
1382:
7556:
7421:
7408:
4920:
3820:
3669:
3531:
3443:
2363:
2102:
2060:
spp. based on RAPDs and nuclear, cpDNA, and mtDNA gene sequences, and their phylogenetic implications".
444:–1 in) with short bracts, with more southerly species tending to have longer cones (3–9 cm or
5849:
402:
The male flowers (small cones) are orange-yellowish and fall after pollination. The female flowers (or
5855:
2275:
1100:
Nutt. – Western larch. Mountains of northwest United States and southwest Canada, at lower altitudes (
7535:
7447:
7377:
6153:
5899:
4777:
4682:
4566:
4457:
3951:
3631:
3611:
3551:
3135:
2849:
2571:
2014:
1967:
1775:
1767:
1574:
1566:
Larch on oak was the traditional construction method for
Scottish fishing boats in the 19th century.
1458:
1272:
377:
5665:
5867:
5318:
5301:
5211:
5059:
4808:
4407:
4402:
3936:
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2177:
491:
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2077:
2038:
1983:
1936:
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1801:
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1096:
984:
In the past, the cone bract length was often used to divide the larches into two sections (sect.
632:
323:
66:
5677:
2311:—Finally, let us turn to one last, enduring ecological paradox: the deciduous habit of larches (
2213:
7561:
2352:
7543:
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7000:
6060:
5961:
5949:
5793:
5772:
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3323:
2950:
2912:
2857:
2326:
2030:
1928:
1883:
1793:
1733:
1702:
1482:, and has since spread to the south-west of Scotland. In August 2010 the disease was found in
1411:
1311:
1260:
1101:
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7040:
6201:
5973:
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5476:
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2145:
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2022:
1975:
1918:
1865:
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1361:
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753:
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1240:
1182:
1113:
1077:
1047:
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718:
585:
535:
256:
2376:, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 21 November 2019. Accessed 26 May 2020.
2018:
1971:
1771:
7666:
7276:
7151:
7076:
5985:
5925:
5799:
5766:
5724:
5637:
5565:
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5508:
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4382:
4377:
4342:
4293:
4268:
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4062:
3825:
3521:
3343:
3328:
3313:
3248:
3213:
3066:
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2627:
2540:
2366:. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 6 January 2016. Accessed 26 May 2020.
1648:
1610:
1483:
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1167:
1153:
1117:
1081:
1060:
1041:
896:
840:
773:
519:
314:
96:
2410:
1001:
species and southern long-bracted species; there is some dispute over the position of
48:
7660:
7269:
7227:
7204:
7179:
7128:
7110:
7020:
6831:
6771:
6757:
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5267:
5242:
5124:
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4591:
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4263:
4233:
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4218:
4165:
4019:
4004:
3966:
3916:
3906:
3659:
3616:
3373:
3298:
3208:
3203:
2661:
2621:
2478:
2276:"Adaptive significance of evergreen vs. deciduous leaves: solving the triple paradox"
2026:
1805:
1755:
1517:
1135:
1130:
1088:
1073:
876:
679:
523:
495:
198:
192:
176:
57:
2389:
2081:
2042:
1987:
1940:
1828:
1544:
and durable qualities. Top quality knot-free timber is in great demand for building
7643:
7571:
7369:
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7009:
6991:
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6845:
6810:
6803:
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403:
184:
7355:
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4422:
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4273:
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3413:
3363:
3158:
2485:
2416:
2397:
1443:
1423:
1015:
1010:
240:
159:
1789:
287:
7255:
7241:
7158:
7049:
6866:
6852:
6722:
6591:
6577:
6433:
6384:
6330:
6267:
6258:
6205:
6143:
6070:
6038:
6024:
6007:
5555:
5232:
5021:
5012:
4621:
4576:
4357:
4303:
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3727:
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3308:
3273:
2496:
2073:
1979:
1780:
1589:
1541:
1403:
476:
296:
109:
2359:, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 2 April 2016. Accessed 26 May 2020.
1528:. Other diseases are given by mushrooms, fungal rusts, bacteria and insects.
7390:
7283:
7262:
7213:
7193:
6838:
6695:
6494:
6419:
6350:
6321:
6312:
5808:
5704:
5570:
5454:
5252:
5032:
5001:
4556:
4526:
4521:
4412:
4347:
4190:
4175:
4150:
3961:
3941:
3886:
3876:
3810:
3782:
3717:
3353:
3288:
3233:
3228:
3218:
1585:
1280:
997:
993:
310:
268:
252:
223:
7620:
7340:
2034:
1932:
1923:
1902:
1887:
1797:
430: in) long, green or purple, brown in ripening and lignify (called now
331:, and in dense clusters of 20–50 needles on short shoots only 1–2 mm (
7615:
7334:
7172:
7117:
7029:
6914:
6817:
6681:
6547:
6465:
6080:
5513:
5496:
4932:
4536:
4516:
4506:
4160:
4125:
3861:
3737:
3664:
3606:
3571:
3566:
3463:
3382:
3293:
3258:
3253:
3051:
2924:
2779:
2591:
2561:
2347:
images at the Arnold
Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database
1479:
1475:
1453:
480:
395:
236:
149:
7434:
7165:
6955:
6688:
6630:
6538:
6456:
6405:
6033:
5736:
5535:
4992:
4713:
4708:
4601:
4571:
4531:
4475:
4329:
4308:
4200:
4155:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4087:
4057:
4052:
3926:
3830:
3767:
3712:
3601:
3556:
3511:
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3303:
3283:
2670:
2380:
2262:
1879:
1615:
1495:
1467:
1249:
1161:
1021:
499:
248:
226:
139:
129:
119:
17:
1456:, killing both young and mature trees. Larches are also vulnerable to
1224:
7460:
6859:
6764:
6563:
6503:
6289:
4703:
4432:
4180:
3931:
3881:
3777:
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3401:
3268:
3186:
2796:
2459:
2427:
1556:
1513:
1449:
1438:
1435:
1264:
Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Masters' larch. Mountains of western China.
1253:
1147:
1069:
1065:
531:
527:
515:
503:
479:
is 2n = 24, similar to that of most of the other trees of the family
7311:
2409:
2295:
1870:
1843:
1379:
that arose more or less simultaneously in
Switzerland and Scotland.
1524:
that causes internal wood rot. It is almost exclusive guest of the
7395:
7220:
6976:
6644:
6637:
6623:
6598:
6584:
6426:
6366:
6339:
6158:
6019:
5432:
5130:
4844:
4581:
4490:
4485:
4470:
3891:
3682:
3675:
3646:
3626:
3596:
3581:
3541:
3526:
3516:
3501:
3496:
3476:
3453:
3348:
2963:
2758:
2730:
2694:
2614:
2504:
1545:
1503:
1471:
1419:
1245:
1223:
1194:
1112:
1046:
1035:
511:
507:
309:
244:
83:
7473:
2001:
Wei, X.-X.; Wang, X.-Q. (2004). "Recolonization and radiation in
1292:
Most if not all of the species can be hybridised in cultivation.
5804:
5523:
4480:
4009:
3946:
3871:
3752:
3707:
3702:
3438:
3182:
3012:
2938:
2888:
2837:
2784:
1698:
1549:
1537:
1521:
1232:
539:
352:
7315:
6173:
5426:
4812:
3131:
2431:
1732:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
7382:
4606:
4097:
3866:
3692:
3586:
3418:
3127:
2596:
2415:
1958:: evidence from paternally inherited cpDNA trnT-trnF region".
328:
2214:"Thousands of Afan Forest trees planted after infected larch"
2005:(Pinaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA paralogues".
286:
5132:
1178:) – Dahurian larch; Plains of central and eastern Siberia
1064:(Du Roi) K. Koch – Tamarack or American larch. Parts of
1954:
Wei, X.-X.; Wang, X.-Q. (2003). "Phylogenetic split of
4846:
4668:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
1563:, valued for its fast growth and disease resistance.
7324:
7203:
7127:
7093:
7059:
7039:
7019:
6999:
6990:
6940:
6922:
6913:
6893:
6884:
6788:
6714:
6705:
6671:
6662:
6608:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6513:
6493:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6376:
6358:
6349:
6329:
6320:
6311:
6275:
6266:
6257:
6047:
6006:
5895:
5880:
5835:
5822:
5785:
5750:
5703:
5690:
5654:
5635:
5603:
5591:
5522:
5495:
5463:
5452:
5370:
5354:
5327:
5290:
5220:
5199:
5187:
5156:
5123:
5101:
5083:
5031:
5011:
4991:
4976:
4742:
4691:
4635:
4549:
4499:
4456:
4328:
4321:
4209:
4096:
4038:
3848:
3791:
3462:
3381:
3372:
3196:
3165:
3102:
3043:
3011:
2962:
2937:
2887:
2836:
2660:
2651:
2550:
2466:
1244:Batalin – Chinese larch. Mountains of southwestern
61:in autumn near Sprite Lake in Washington State, US
2134:"British larch-associated Basidiomycota: a review"
1903:"Genetic relationship among Eurasian and American
490:is present in all the temperate-cold zones of the
27:Genus of deciduous conifers in the family Pinaceae
1844:"Internal transcribed spacer region evolution in
2196:"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine"
2167:Natural Resources Canada, accessed 23 April 2021
1901:Semerikov, Vladimir L.; Lascoux, Martin (1999).
365:to 2 in) long, slender (under 1 cm or
2321:Phillips, D. H., & Burdekin, D. A. (1992).
1647:Male (above) and female (below right) cones of
355:(light green) are needle-like, 2 to 5 cm (
5434:
1555:The hybrid Dunkeld larch is widely grown as a
1462:. In late 2009 the disease was first found in
1279:) – Himalayan larch. Mountains of the eastern
6185:
4824:
3143:
2443:
1394:is another probable hybrid still unresolved.
1371:, the Dunkeld larch, is an artificial hybrid
1220:Southern Euroasiatic species with long bracts
8:
1864:(5). Botanical Society of America: 711–723.
514:. The larches are important forest trees of
406:) of larches are erect, small, 1–9 cm (
1124:Northern Eurasian species with short bracts
351: in) long with only a single bud. The
7312:
6996:
6919:
6890:
6711:
6668:
6552:
6543:
6470:
6461:
6355:
6326:
6317:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6254:
6192:
6178:
6170:
6149:
5892:
5832:
5828:
5782:
5758:
5700:
5696:
5651:
5647:
5632:
5600:
5588:
5460:
5449:
5445:
5423:
5367:
5351:
5333:
5324:
5287:
5196:
5184:
5153:
5149:
4988:
4984:
4973:
4831:
4817:
4809:
4325:
3854:
3378:
3150:
3136:
3128:
2657:
2450:
2436:
2428:
47:
38:
2294:
2149:
1922:
1869:
1779:
1351:Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii
1193:) – Japanese larch; Mountains of central
1146:) – European larch; mountains of central
247:of Siberia and Canada. Although they are
4658:Building and Wood Workers' International
1402:Larches are associated with a number of
2323:Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
1819:Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021).
1720:
1718:
1681:
1599:
2178:"Find a specific tree pest or disease"
1418:Larch is used as a food plant by the
7:
7536:c7e1cfc7-0b2a-4905-89f9-224b8619c061
4793:
2113:. London: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1842:Gernandt, D. S.; Liston, A. (1999).
1821:"main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre"
1635:(Navaho Ridge, Washington state, US)
1160:– Siberian larch. Plains of western
393:and the bald cypresses in the genus
4783:
4643:American Association of Woodturners
2370:"Snow Scenes, winter, larches 1977"
2306:from the original on 7 April 2014.
2261:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2011).
868:
812:
805:
745:
737:
710:
670:
663:
623:
616:
576:
569:
562:
7608:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30017099-2
1697:] (in German) (2nd ed.).
25:
4673:National Wood Carvers Association
2381:"Gymnosperm Database - Larix ssp"
1013:, which also includes the genera
6148:
4792:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4648:Architectural Woodwork Institute
2418:The New Student's Reference Work
2388:Eichhorn, Markus (August 2011).
2364:"Not All Conifers are Evergreen"
2245:Shamanism : An Introduction
2027:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02299.x
1656:
1640:
1623:
1602:
70:
1960:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1829:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1
538:not very demanding towards the
534:and polar ice. The larches are
6159:Current definitions of Plantae
4653:British Woodworking Federation
1730:New Flora of the British Isles
1:
4663:Caricature Carvers of America
1512:is another mushroom found in
1207:– an accepted hybrid between
988:with short bracts, and sect.
2151:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2017.07.010
1666:male fall foliage and cone (
1569:Larch has also been used in
387:, the Chinese swamp cypress
384:Metasequoia glyptostroboides
306:Description and distribution
7677:Taxa named by Philip Miller
2274:Givnish, Thomas J. (2002).
2263:"Larix (larch) description"
2062:Tree Genetics & Genomes
1907:species based on allozymes"
7693:
2247:. London: Routledge, 2003.
2243:Stutley, Margaret (2003).
2111:Plants of the World Online
1857:American Journal of Botany
1790:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4
1689:Rushforth, Keith (1986) .
1295:Selected hybrids include:
29:
6284:
6253:
6213:
6131:
5831:
5781:
5761:
5699:
5650:
5631:
5587:
5448:
5444:
5422:
5336:
5286:
5183:
5152:
4987:
4972:
4856:
4768:
4678:Society of Wood Engravers
3857:
3086:Tizra heartwood and root
2619:Tanner's sumach leaves -
2357:Posts from the Collection
2351:Friedman, William (Ned).
2074:10.1007/s11295-005-0007-z
1980:10.1007/s00606-002-0264-3
1781:10.1101/2021.03.13.435279
1540:is valued for its tough,
1434:Larches are prone to the
1009:belongs to the subfamily
893:
873:
866:
837:
817:
810:
803:
770:
750:
743:
735:
715:
708:
676:
668:
661:
629:
621:
614:
582:
574:
567:
293:Ten Books on Architecture
210:
205:
190:
183:
67:Scientific classification
65:
55:
46:
41:
2528:Myrtan or black marlock
2402:University of Nottingham
3111:Anadenanthera colubrina
2374:Library Featured Images
2353:"Larch cones in spring"
2318:Quote from p. 729.
2267:The Gymnosperm Database
2216:. BBC. 21 February 2015
1509:Laricifomes officinalis
4755:Frameless construction
3836:Wood-plastic composite
2813:Myracrodruon urundeuva
2132:Smith, Nathan (2017).
1924:10.1038/sj.hdy.6885310
1235:
1120:
1055:
1044:
1032:North American species
390:Glyptostrobus pensilis
318:
303:
255:trees that lose their
212:About 10–11; see text
32:Larch (disambiguation)
7557:Paleobiology Database
2165:European larch canker
1695:Pocket Guide to Trees
1227:
1116:
1050:
1039:
321:The tallest species,
313:
273:
6154:List of plant orders
6034:Pinopsida (conifers)
6020:Cycadopsida (cycads)
6012:(living gymnosperms)
5509:Leiosporocerotopsida
5228:Nephroselmidophyceae
4683:Timber Framers Guild
3537:Australian Blackwood
2850:Bergenia crassifolia
2572:Anogeissus latifolia
2554:hydrolysable tannins
1575:Bach flower remedies
1459:Phytophthora ramorum
1201:Larix × czekanowskii
1040:Larch forest in the
546:Species and taxonomy
378:Pseudolarix amabilis
30:For other uses, see
5862:Archaeopteridopsida
5595:Polysporangiophytes
5319:Klebsormidiophyceae
5302:Mesostigmatophyceae
5248:Chlorodendrophyceae
5212:Pyramimonadophyceae
5166:Prasinodermophyceae
5060:Compsopogonophyceae
4403:Hammer-headed tenon
3922:Janka hardness test
3091:Searsia pentaphylla
2901:Rumex hymenosepalus
2876:Coriaria myrtifolia
2625:or Chinese gall on
2019:2004MolEc..13.3115W
1972:2003PSyEv.239...67W
1772:2021NatPl...7.1015S
1584:Often, in Eurasian
1498:and in 2013 in the
492:northern hemisphere
381:, the dawn redwood
7672:Deciduous conifers
6200:Classification of
6053:(flowering plants)
5974:Lyginopteridopsida
5767:Eophyllophytopsida
5720:Zosterophyllopsida
5658:Paratracheophytes*
5436:sensu strictissimo
5346:Coleochaetophyceae
5329:Phragmoplastophyta
5171:Palmophyllophyceae
5093:Glaucocystophyceae
5055:Stylonematophyceae
5050:Porphyridiophyceae
4839:Classification of
3264:Japanese carpentry
3103:Undetermined organ
3055:sp. bark and wood
3032:Quercus infectoria
3025:Quercus lusitanica
2976:Libidibia coriaria
2747:Conocarpus erectus
2607:Quercus macrolepis
2584:Terminalia chebula
2533:Eucalyptus redunca
2184:. 20 October 2021.
1651:emerging in spring
1632:Larix occidentalis
1486:trees in counties
1236:
1121:
1097:Larix occidentalis
1056:
1045:
324:Larix occidentalis
319:
7654:
7653:
7544:Open Tree of Life
7318:Taxon identifiers
7309:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7001:Cunninghamioideae
6986:
6985:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6533:
6532:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6167:
6166:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6061:Basal angiosperms
5962:Gigantopteridales
5911:seed plant groups
5909:and other extinct
5876:
5875:
5850:Noeggerathiopsida
5818:
5817:
5773:Trimerophytopsida
5746:
5745:
5686:
5685:
5642:(vascular plants)
5607:Protracheophytes*
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5546:Andreaeobryopsida
5487:Jungermanniopsida
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5307:Chlorokybophyceae
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5238:Chloropicophyceae
5179:
5178:
5158:Prasinodermophyta
5119:
5118:
4806:
4805:
4760:Green woodworking
4617:Wood preservation
4545:
4544:
4448:Tongue and groove
4428:Mortise and tenon
4317:
4316:
4015:Warrington hammer
3844:
3843:
3532:African Blackwood
3324:Segmented turning
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
2951:Senegalia catechu
2913:Quercus coccifera
2521:Acacia mollissima
2470:condensed tannins
2309:The larch paradox
2013:(10): 3115–3123.
2007:Molecular Ecology
1739:978-0-521-70772-5
1412:Suillus grevillei
1356:
1346:
1330:
1314:
1261:Larix mastersiana
1102:Pacific Northwest
1076:from the eastern
1072:and the northern
982:
981:
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
882:
855:
854:
846:
826:
788:
787:
779:
759:
724:
697:
696:
685:
650:
649:
638:
603:
602:
591:
477:chromosome number
317:foliage and cones
217:
216:
179:
16:(Redirected from
7684:
7647:
7646:
7634:
7633:
7624:
7623:
7611:
7610:
7598:
7597:
7585:
7584:
7575:
7574:
7569:Panartic Flora:
7565:
7564:
7552:
7551:
7539:
7538:
7529:
7528:
7516:
7515:
7513:NHMSYS0000460125
7503:
7502:
7490:
7489:
7477:
7476:
7464:
7463:
7451:
7450:
7438:
7437:
7425:
7424:
7412:
7411:
7399:
7398:
7386:
7385:
7373:
7372:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7313:
7041:Athrotaxidoideae
6997:
6920:
6891:
6715:Phyllocladoideae
6712:
6669:
6553:
6544:
6471:
6462:
6356:
6327:
6318:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6240:Acrogymnospermae
6202:Acrogymnospermae
6194:
6187:
6180:
6171:
6152:
6151:
6066:Core angiosperms
6054:
6013:
6008:Acrogymnospermae
5986:Peltaspermopsida
5968:Glossopteridales
5950:Corystospermales
5932:Callistophytales
5912:
5904:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5856:Aneurophytopsida
5838:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5783:
5759:
5755:
5714:Barinophytopsida
5701:
5697:
5693:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5633:
5615:Horneophytopsida
5606:
5601:
5597:
5589:
5529:
5514:Anthocerotopsida
5502:
5497:Anthocerotophyta
5477:Haplomitriopsida
5470:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5446:
5438:
5424:
5377:
5368:
5362:Zygnematophyceae
5352:
5334:
5325:
5295:
5288:
5263:Trebouxiophyceae
5233:Picocystophyceae
5197:
5193:
5185:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5038:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4974:
4885:
4865:
4850:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4810:
4796:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4776:
4775:
4326:
3995:Thickness planer
3855:
3649:(lime, basswood)
3379:
3239:Chainsaw carving
3152:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3079:Notholithocarpus
3060:Prosopis humilis
2742:Button mangrove
2711:Senna auriculata
2688:Acacia decurrens
2682:Acacia pycnantha
2658:
2579:Myrobalan fruit
2452:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2405:
2384:
2317:
2305:
2298:
2280:
2270:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2053:
2047:
2046:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1926:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1873:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1783:
1766:(8): 1015–1025.
1750:
1744:
1743:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1686:
1660:
1644:
1627:
1606:
1548:and other small
1500:Afan Forest Park
1393:
1354:
1344:
1328:
1310:
1269:Larix griffithii
1206:
1188:
1173:
1159:
1138:
1118:Siberian larches
1109:Eurasian species
900:
880:
869:
844:
825:(Lamb.) Carrière
824:
813:
806:
777:
757:
746:
738:
722:
711:
683:
671:
664:
636:
624:
617:
589:
577:
570:
563:
550:
549:
502:passing through
471:
470:
466:
463:
457:
456:
452:
449:
443:
442:
438:
429:
428:
424:
421:
415:
414:
410:
374:
373:
369:
364:
363:
359:
350:
349:
345:
340:
339:
335:
300:
290:
235:, of the family
175:
75:
74:
51:
39:
21:
7692:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7650:
7642:
7637:
7629:
7627:
7619:
7614:
7606:
7601:
7593:
7588:
7580:
7578:
7570:
7568:
7560:
7555:
7547:
7542:
7534:
7532:
7524:
7519:
7511:
7506:
7498:
7493:
7485:
7480:
7472:
7467:
7459:
7454:
7446:
7441:
7433:
7428:
7420:
7415:
7407:
7402:
7394:
7389:
7381:
7376:
7368:
7363:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7320:
7310:
7289:
7199:
7187:Neocallitropsis
7123:
7089:
7055:
7035:
7015:
6982:
6936:
6909:
6895:Sciadopityaceae
6872:
6784:
6701:
6650:
6604:
6529:
6515:Welwitschiaceae
6509:
6489:
6439:
6372:
6345:
6295:
6249:
6230:Marchantiophyta
6209:
6198:
6168:
6163:
6087:
6052:
6051:
6043:
6011:
6010:
6002:
5956:Czekanowskiales
5910:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5896:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5872:
5836:
5823:
5814:
5786:Moniliformopses
5777:
5751:
5742:
5692:Eutracheophytes
5691:
5682:
5655:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5627:
5604:
5592:
5575:
5566:Polytrichopsida
5561:Tetraphidopsida
5527:
5526:
5518:
5500:
5499:
5491:
5482:Marchantiopsida
5468:
5467:
5465:Marchantiophyta
5453:
5440:
5386:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5350:
5323:
5291:
5274:
5216:
5207:Mamiellophyceae
5188:
5175:
5144:
5138:
5128:
5127:
5115:
5097:
5079:
5075:Florideophyceae
5065:Rhodellophyceae
5045:Cyanidiophyceae
5036:
5035:
5027:
5007:
4977:
4968:
4967:
4883:
4861:
4852:
4837:
4807:
4802:
4764:
4750:Frame and panel
4738:
4687:
4631:
4541:
4500:Surface piecing
4495:
4452:
4373:Crown of thorns
4313:
4299:Smoothing plane
4205:
4092:
4034:
3937:Milling machine
3840:
3801:Cross-laminated
3787:
3458:
3368:
3339:Spindle turning
3329:Shingle weaving
3299:Pallet crafting
3192:
3161:
3156:
3126:
3117:
3098:
3039:
3007:
3000:Moullava digyna
2988:Acacia nilotica
2958:
2933:
2883:
2832:
2723:Acacia nilotica
2673:
2669:General :
2653:
2647:
2552:
2546:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2408:
2387:
2379:
2340:
2303:
2296:10.14214/sf.535
2278:
2273:
2260:
2257:
2255:Further reading
2252:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1871:10.2307/2656581
1841:
1840:
1836:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1664:Subalpine larch
1661:
1652:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1619:
1607:
1598:
1579:Arabinogalactan
1571:herbal medicine
1561:Northern Europe
1534:
1432:
1422:of a number of
1400:
1391:
1308:Larix lubarskii
1290:
1277:L. griffithiana
1241:Larix potaninii
1231:in the Italian
1222:
1204:
1186:
1183:Larix kaempferi
1171:
1157:
1134:
1126:
1111:
1078:Rocky Mountains
1068:and throughout
1034:
978:
969:
960:
951:
942:
933:
921:
912:
856:
789:
698:
651:
633:L. occidentalis
604:
548:
536:pioneer species
468:
464:
461:
459:
454:
450:
447:
445:
440:
436:
435:
426:
422:
419:
417:
412:
408:
407:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:
308:
288:"Book II"
285:
265:
259:in the autumn.
201:
196:
174:
69:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7690:
7688:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7659:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7648:
7644:wfo-4000020607
7635:
7625:
7612:
7599:
7586:
7576:
7566:
7553:
7540:
7530:
7517:
7504:
7491:
7478:
7465:
7452:
7439:
7426:
7413:
7400:
7387:
7374:
7361:
7346:
7330:
7328:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7307:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7280:
7277:Hesperocyparis
7273:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7238:
7231:
7224:
7217:
7209:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7152:Pilgerodendron
7148:
7141:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7099:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7080:
7077:Sequoiadendron
7073:
7065:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7045:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7025:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7005:
7003:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6926:
6924:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6899:
6897:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6814:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6790:
6789:Podocarpoideae
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6716:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6677:
6675:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6559:
6557:
6550:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6479:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6362:
6360:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6335:
6333:
6324:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6285:
6279:
6270:
6261:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6235:Polypodiophyta
6232:
6227:
6222:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6146:
6140:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6022:
6016:
6014:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5994:
5992:Pentoxylopsida
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5926:Calamopityales
5922:
5915:
5913:
5890:
5883:Spermatophytes
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5845:
5843:
5840:Progymnosperms
5826:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5805:Polypodiopsida
5802:
5800:Cladoxylopsida
5796:
5789:
5787:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5769:
5762:
5756:
5753:Euphyllophytes
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5725:Lycopodiopsida
5722:
5716:
5709:
5707:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5666:Cooksoniopsida
5661:
5659:
5645:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5617:
5610:
5608:
5598:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5556:Oedipodiopsida
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5458:
5442:
5441:
5427:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5200:Prasinophytina
5194:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5147:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5103:incertae sedis
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
4997:
4995:
4982:
4979:Archaeplastida
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:Mesomycetozoea
4955:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4894:Diaphoretickes
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4841:Archaeplastida
4838:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4780:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4729:Quarter sawing
4726:
4721:
4719:Wood splitting
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4627:Wood finishing
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4587:Paint stripper
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Shoulder plane
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Moulding plane
4266:
4261:
4259:Japanese plane
4256:
4251:
4249:Grooving plane
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4063:Flooring clamp
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Winding sticks
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4000:Timber-framing
3997:
3992:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3826:Particle board
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Glue laminated
3803:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3387:
3385:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Timber framing
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Relief carving
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Bush carpentry
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:Prosopis nigra
3063:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2971:Divi-divi pod
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:Uncaria gambir
2855:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2679:(most notably
2674:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:Rhus chinensis
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:Vitis vinifera
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2406:
2385:
2377:
2367:
2360:
2349:
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2335:
2334:
2319:
2289:(3): 703–743.
2271:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2236:
2227:
2205:
2187:
2169:
2157:
2138:Field Mycology
2124:
2087:
2048:
1993:
1966:(1–2): 67–77.
1946:
1893:
1834:
1811:
1745:
1738:
1714:
1707:
1701:: Hallwag AG.
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1649:Japanese larch
1646:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1611:Larix laricina
1608:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1533:
1530:
1484:Japanese larch
1464:Japanese larch
1431:
1428:
1399:
1396:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1342:Larix polonica
1334:Latrix decidua
1331:
1326:Larix maritima
1318:Larix gmelinii
1315:
1300:Larix gmelinii
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1265:
1257:
1229:European larch
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1197:
1179:
1172:(Rupr.) Kuzen.
1168:Larix gmelinii
1164:
1154:Larix sibirica
1150:
1125:
1122:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1085:
1061:Larix laricina
1053:Larix laricina
1042:North Cascades
1033:
1030:
1003:Larix sibirica
980:
979:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
939:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
923:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
904:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
872:
867:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
853:
852:
849:
848:
836:
833:
832:
829:
828:
816:
811:
809:
804:
802:
798:
797:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:(Rupr.) Kuzen.
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
749:
744:
742:
736:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
714:
709:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
688:
687:
675:
669:
667:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
648:
647:
641:
640:
628:
622:
620:
615:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
601:
600:
594:
593:
581:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
558:
557:
547:
544:
520:Central Europe
506:, mountainous
315:European larch
307:
304:
302:
301:
264:
261:
251:, larches are
245:boreal forests
215:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
197:
188:
187:
181:
180:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
63:
62:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7689:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7626:
7622:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7563:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7527:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7366:
7362:
7357:
7351:
7347:
7342:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7314:
7286:
7285:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7270:Xanthocyparis
7267:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7228:Chamaecyparis
7225:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7205:Cupressoideae
7202:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7180:Widdringtonia
7177:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7129:Callitroideae
7126:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7111:Glyptostrobus
7108:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7021:Taiwanioideae
7018:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6923:Cephalotaxeae
6921:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6869:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6832:Falcatifolium
6829:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:Lepidothamnus
6769:
6767:
6766:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6758:Lagarostrobos
6755:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6707:Podocarpaceae
6704:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6673:Araucariaceae
6670:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6399:Encephalartos
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6292:
6291:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6207:
6203:
6195:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5920:Bennettitales
5917:
5916:
5914:
5901:
5900:Pteridosperms
5894:
5891:
5887:(seed plants)
5884:
5879:
5869:
5868:Protopityales
5865:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5821:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5749:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5689:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5639:
5638:Tracheophytes
5634:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5590:
5586:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Andreaeopsida
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5437:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5376:(land plants)
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5269:
5268:Chlorophyceae
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:Pedinophyceae
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:Chlorophytina
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5135:
5126:
5125:Viridiplantae
5122:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:Bangiophyceae
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Stramenopiles
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4884:(major groups
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4799:
4791:
4789:
4781:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Chainsaw mill
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:Organizations
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:Steam bending
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:French polish
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Rabbet/Rebate
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Mason's mitre
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:Jointer plane
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4234:Compass plane
4232:
4230:
4229:Chamfer plane
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Bedrock plane
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Veneer hammer
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Impact driver
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Red Quebracho
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Bow and arrow
3207:
3205:
3204:Boat building
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2920:Sea lavender
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2652:Other sources
2650:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:Rhus coriaria
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:Areca catechu
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2411:"Larch"
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:Rose, Nancy.
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2331:0-333-49493-8
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:Silva Fennica
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2144:(3): 98–103.
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:Nature Plants
1757:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:3-444-70130-6
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1581:for details.
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1520:and northern
1519:
1518:North America
1515:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:trees in the
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:L. leptolepis
1187:(Lamb.) Carr.
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:Larix decidua
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:Larix lyallii
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:United States
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:Range map of
1049:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
990:Multiserialis
987:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
937:
936:
928:
925:
924:
916:
915:
907:
906:
903:
899:
898:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
879:
878:
871:
870:
864:
863:
860:
859:
851:
850:
847:
845:(Du Roi) Koch
843:
842:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
823:
822:
815:
814:
808:
807:
800:
799:
796:
795:Griffithianae
793:
792:
784:
783:
780:
776:
775:
768:
767:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
754:L. griffithii
748:
747:
740:
739:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
721:
720:
713:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
693:
690:
689:
686:
682:
681:
673:
672:
666:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
646:
643:
642:
639:
635:
634:
626:
625:
619:
618:
612:
611:
608:
607:
599:
596:
595:
592:
588:
587:
579:
578:
572:
571:
565:
564:
560:
559:
556:
553:Phylogeny of
552:
551:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:United States
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:North America
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
473:
433:
405:
400:
398:
397:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
354:
330:
326:
325:
316:
312:
305:
298:
294:
289:
283:
282:
281:
277:
272:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:
229:in the genus
228:
225:
221:
213:
209:
204:
200:
195:
194:
193:Larix decidua
189:
186:
182:
178:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:Tracheophytes
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
64:
60:
59:
58:Larix lyallii
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7325:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7145:Austrocedrus
7143:
7136:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7095:Taxodioideae
7082:
7075:
7068:
7061:Sequoioideae
7048:
7028:
7010:Cunninghamia
7008:
6992:Cupressaceae
6975:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6931:Cephalotaxus
6929:
6902:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6846:Retrophyllum
6844:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6816:
6811:Pherosphaera
6809:
6804:Microcachrys
6802:
6795:
6779:Phyllocladus
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6730:Pectinopitys
6728:
6721:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6664:Araucariales
6643:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6522:
6502:
6482:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6365:
6338:
6288:
6245:Angiospermae
6137:paraphyletic
6049:Angiospermae
6026:
6025:Ginkgoales (
5998:Petriellales
5980:Medullosales
5907:(seed ferns)
5620:
5541:Sphagnopsida
5536:Takakiopsida
5469:(liverworts)
5435:
5429:Embryophytes
5383:(see below↓)
5341:Charophyceae
5311:
5293:Streptophyta
5145:land plants)
5133:
5102:
5020:
5013:Rhodelphidia
5000:
4943:Opisthokonta
4847:
4567:Heat bending
4512:Edge banding
4284:Router plane
4279:Rebate plane
4239:Finger plane
3970:
3674:
3668:
3648:
3642:Lignum vitae
3428:
3400:
3394:
3359:Wood carving
3334:Shipbuilding
3319:Root carving
3279:Log building
3244:Chip carving
3109:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3030:
3023:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2949:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2874:
2862:
2848:
2825:Salix caprea
2823:
2811:
2801:
2789:
2772:
2767:
2757:
2745:
2735:
2721:
2709:
2699:
2686:
2680:
2640:Tara spinosa
2638:
2626:
2620:
2605:
2602:Valonia oak
2582:
2570:
2531:
2519:
2516:Mimosa bark
2509:
2495:
2486:arecatannins
2477:
2417:
2393:
2373:
2356:
2344:
2325:. Macmillan
2322:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2160:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2104:
2068:(2): 50–63.
2065:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1823:. Figshare.
1814:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1729:
1726:Stace, C. A.
1694:
1690:
1684:
1630:
1609:
1583:
1568:
1565:
1554:
1535:
1525:
1507:
1470:counties of
1457:
1442:
1433:
1417:
1410:
1408:larch bolete
1401:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1369:marschlinsii
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:(Mayr) Pilg.
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1239:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1152:
1140:
1129:
1095:
1087:
1059:
1052:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1002:
989:
985:
983:
926:
895:
894:
875:
874:
839:
838:
821:L. kaempferi
819:
818:
794:
772:
771:
752:
751:
719:L. cajanderi
717:
716:
691:
678:
677:
645:Occidentales
644:
631:
630:
597:
586:L. potaninii
584:
583:
554:
498:to northern
487:
485:
474:
401:
394:
388:
382:
376:
322:
320:
295:– via
292:
278:
274:
266:
231:
230:
219:
218:
211:
191:
185:Type species
170:
169:
110:Gymnospermae
103:
90:
56:
36:
7582:genus-larix
7456:iNaturalist
7350:Wikispecies
7249:Platycladus
7235:Tetraclinis
7138:Papuacedrus
7104:Cryptomeria
7070:Metasequoia
6970:Pseudotaxus
6963:Austrotaxus
6949:Amentotaxus
6904:Sciadopitys
6886:Cupressales
6825:Dacrycarpus
6797:Saxegothaea
6751:Parasitaxus
6744:Prumnopitys
6737:Sundacarpus
6617:Pseudotsuga
6571:Pseudolarix
6556:Abietoideae
6524:Welwitschia
6475:Ephedraceae
6413:Ceratozamia
6392:Lepidozamia
6277:Ginkgoaceae
6217:Supergroup
6206:Gymnosperms
5944:Cordaitales
5938:Caytoniales
5824:Lignophytes
5807:(ferns and
5733:spikemosses
5672:Rhyniopsida
5622:Aglaophyton
5501:(hornworts)
5372:Embryophyta
5355:Anydrophyta
5313:Spirotaenia
5258:Ulvophyceae
5191:Chlorophyta
5141:green algae
5111:Algospongia
5085:Glaucophyta
5037:(red algae)
4788:WikiProject
4734:Rift sawing
4724:Flat sawing
4612:Wood drying
4289:Scrub plane
4274:Razee plane
4224:Block plane
4078:Mitre clamp
4025:Wood scribe
3976:Combination
3718:Purpleheart
3414:Douglas fir
3364:Woodturning
3197:Occupations
3159:Woodworking
3044:Whole plant
2492:Broad bean
2458:Sources of
2398:Brady Haran
2390:"The Larch"
2220:23 February
2117:11 February
1852:(Pinaceae)"
1850:Pseudotsuga
1614:in autumn (
1444:Lachnellula
1424:Lepidoptera
1404:mycorrhizal
1388:stenophylla
1377:L. sibirica
1252:, northern
1213:L. sibirica
1209:L. gmelinii
1176:L. dahurica
1141:L. europaea
1016:Pseudotsuga
1011:Laricoideae
897:L. sibirica
841:L. laricina
774:L. gmelinii
241:Laricoideae
239:(subfamily
160:Laricoideae
156:Subfamily:
7661:Categories
7256:Calocedrus
7242:Microbiota
7159:Libocedrus
7050:Athrotaxis
6867:Podocarpus
6853:Afrocarpus
6723:Halocarpus
6592:Keteleeria
6578:Nothotsuga
6434:Microcycas
6385:Macrozamia
6377:Zamioideae
6331:Cycadaceae
6268:Ginkgoales
6259:Ginkgoidae
6071:Magnoliids
6039:Gnetopsida
5809:horsetails
5737:quillworts
5729:clubmosses
5705:Lycophytes
5678:Renaliales
5455:Bryophytes
5033:Rhodophyta
5022:Rhodelphis
4743:Techniques
4692:Conversion
4622:Wood stain
4550:Treatments
4338:Birdsmouth
4304:Spokeshave
4254:Jack plane
4244:Fore plane
4083:Pipe clamp
4048:Band clamp
3972:Carpenters
3793:Engineered
3743:Rubberwood
3592:Eucalyptus
3396:Calocedrus
3309:Pyrography
3274:Kohlrosing
2908:Garouille
2551:Sources of
2497:Vicia faba
2467:Sources of
2200:www.gov.ie
1676:References
1590:world tree
1542:waterproof
1526:gen. Larix
1373:L. decidua
877:L. lyallii
680:L. decidua
598:Potaniniae
486:The genus
297:Wikisource
116:Division:
7284:Juniperus
7263:Cupressus
7214:Thujopsis
7194:Callitris
6941:Taxoideae
6839:Dacrydium
6696:Araucaria
6609:Pinoideae
6495:Gnetaceae
6420:Stangeria
6359:Diooideae
6351:Zamiaceae
6322:Cycadales
6313:Cycadidae
6225:Bryophyta
5571:Bryopsida
5524:Bryophyta
5253:UTC clade
5002:Picomonas
4938:Amoebozoa
4916:Alveolata
4904:Cryptista
4879:Eukaryota
4532:Parquetry
4527:Oystering
4522:Marquetry
4363:Butterfly
4030:Workbench
3962:Sandpaper
3942:Mitre box
3887:Drawknife
3877:Burnisher
3862:Abrasives
3811:Hardboard
3472:Afromosia
3354:Whittling
3304:Parquetry
3289:Marquetry
3234:Certosina
3229:Carpentry
3219:Cabinetry
3166:Overviews
3020:Gall oak
2995:Teri pod
2983:Sant pod
2896:Canaigre
2736:Betula sp
2635:Tara pod
2541:Quebracho
2394:Test Tube
1917:: 62–70.
1806:232282918
1668:strobilus
1586:shamanism
1502:in south
1492:Tipperary
1488:Waterford
1426:species.
1281:Himalayas
998:New World
994:Old World
927:Laricinae
881:Parlatore
432:strobilus
269:Vitruvius
263:Etymology
253:deciduous
224:deciduous
130:Pinopsida
120:Pinophyta
80:Kingdom:
7628:VASCAN:
7621:40002025
7616:Tropicos
7335:Wikidata
7173:Fitzroya
7118:Taxodium
7030:Taiwania
6915:Taxaceae
6818:Acmopyle
6682:Wollemia
6548:Pinaceae
6466:Gnetales
6204:(living
6081:Eudicots
6076:Monocots
5794:Ibykales
5528:(mosses)
5433:Plantae
5131:Plantae
4933:Amorphea
4911:Rhizaria
4899:Hacrobia
4889:Excavata
4874:Bacteria
4845:Plantae
4778:Category
4557:Adhesive
4537:Purfling
4517:Intarsia
4458:Profiles
4383:Dovetail
4322:Geometry
4161:Hand saw
4146:Crosscut
4131:Circular
4126:Chainsaw
4073:Holdfast
3738:Rosewood
3670:American
3665:Mahogany
3637:Jelutong
3607:Hornbeam
3572:Cocobolo
3567:Chestnut
3482:Andiroba
3294:Millwork
3259:Intarsia
3254:Fretwork
3249:Ébéniste
3178:Glossary
3052:Prosopis
2925:Limonium
2808:Urunday
2802:Picea sp
2790:Pinus sp
2780:Mangrove
2773:Larix sp
2754:Hemlock
2700:Alnus sp
2654:by organ
2592:Oak bark
2562:Chestnut
2400:for the
2301:Archived
2082:44245647
2043:11329782
2035:15367124
1988:39213284
1941:22249365
1933:10447704
1911:Heredity
1888:10330075
1798:34282286
1728:(2010).
1559:crop in
1480:Somerset
1476:Cornwall
1454:tamarack
1441:disease
1430:Diseases
1392:Sukaczev
1338:polonica
1329:Sukaczev
1322:gmelinii
1312:Sukaczev
1304:olgensis
1082:Atlantic
692:Deciduae
481:Pinaceae
396:Taxodium
249:conifers
237:Pinaceae
227:conifers
206:Species
150:Pinaceae
146:Family:
7487:1277223
7474:31974-1
7435:2686156
7166:Diselma
7084:Sequoia
6956:Torreya
6689:Agathis
6631:Cathaya
6539:Pinales
6484:Ephedra
6457:Pinidae
6406:Bowenia
6144:extinct
4993:Picozoa
4948:Animals
4869:Archaea
4798:Commons
4714:Whipsaw
4709:Sawmill
4602:Varnish
4597:Thermal
4572:Lacquer
4507:Binding
4476:Chamfer
4343:Biscuit
4309:Surform
4201:Whipsaw
4171:Keyhole
4156:Fretsaw
4136:Compass
4121:Bucksaw
4111:Bandsaw
4106:Backsaw
4088:Sawbuck
4058:F-clamp
4053:C-clamp
3927:Jointer
3831:Plywood
3783:Zebrano
3723:Ovankol
3688:Meranti
3676:African
3647:Linden
3602:Hickory
3557:Cedrela
3552:Camphor
3547:Bubinga
3542:Boxwood
3522:Bilinga
3507:Avodire
3424:Juniper
3409:Cypress
3284:Luthier
3173:History
3114:(vilca)
3074:Tanoak
2871:Redoul
2858:Gambier
2820:Willow
2706:Avaram
2677:Acacias
2671:Tanbark
2460:tannins
2423:. 1914.
2015:Bibcode
1968:Bibcode
1880:2656581
1776:bioRxiv
1768:Bibcode
1616:Vermont
1596:Gallery
1588:, the "
1496:Ireland
1468:English
1398:Ecology
1288:Hybrids
1273:Hook.f.
1250:Sichuan
1162:Siberia
1080:to the
1022:Cathaya
801:series
741:series
674:series
637:Nuttall
627:series
590:Batalin
580:series
500:Siberia
494:, from
467:⁄
453:⁄
439:⁄
425:⁄
411:⁄
370:⁄
360:⁄
346:⁄
336:⁄
257:needles
220:Larches
166:Genus:
140:Pinales
136:Order:
126:Class:
84:Plantae
18:Larches
7590:PLANTS
7549:994551
7533:NZOR:
7500:183409
7422:117628
7409:117628
7341:Q25618
6860:Nageia
6765:Manoao
6564:Cedrus
6504:Gnetum
6290:Ginkgo
6139:groups
6027:Ginkgo
5735:&
5593:
5189:
4926:Plants
4863:Domain
4704:Hewing
4443:Splice
4398:Halved
4393:Groove
4388:Finger
4368:Coping
4353:Bridle
4330:Joints
4211:Planes
4196:Veneer
4186:Scroll
4181:Ripsaw
4166:Jigsaw
4141:Coping
4040:Clamps
3967:Square
3957:Shaper
3952:Router
3932:Mallet
3907:Gimlet
3882:Chisel
3778:Willow
3768:Walnut
3758:Totara
3748:Sapele
3713:Poplar
3698:Padauk
3660:Merbau
3632:Jarrah
3617:Imbuia
3612:Idigbo
3577:Cumaru
3562:Cherry
3487:Anigre
3449:Spruce
3402:Cedrus
3269:Khatam
3224:Caning
3187:lumber
2946:Cutch
2845:Badan
2838:Leaves
2797:Spruce
2718:Babul
2567:Dhawa
2420:
2329:
2182:GOV.UK
2080:
2041:
2033:
1986:
1939:
1931:
1886:
1878:
1804:
1796:
1778:
1736:
1705:
1573:; see
1557:timber
1546:yachts
1536:Larch
1514:Europe
1450:Canada
1439:canker
1436:fungal
1420:larvae
1362:hybrid
1345:Racib.
1275:(syn.
1254:Yunnan
1205:Szafer
1189:(syn.
1174:(syn.
1158:Ledeb.
1148:Europe
1139:(syn.
1084:shore.
1070:Canada
1066:Alaska
901:Ledeb.
758:Hooker
684:Miller
532:tundra
528:Canada
516:Russia
504:Europe
353:leaves
42:Larch
7667:Larix
7595:LARIX
7579:PPE:
7562:83628
7482:IRMNG
7461:55571
7396:1LAXG
7383:34193
7370:639D7
7356:Larix
7326:Larix
7221:Thuja
6977:Taxus
6645:Pinus
6638:Picea
6624:Larix
6599:Abies
6585:Tsuga
6427:Zamia
6367:Dioon
6340:Cycas
6219:Plant
5143:&
4953:Fungi
4582:Paint
4491:Ovolo
4486:Ogive
4471:Bevel
4438:Scarf
4423:Miter
4191:Table
4176:Miter
4151:Frame
4068:Gripe
3984:Speed
3980:Miter
3912:Gauge
3902:Float
3897:Fence
3892:Drill
3850:Tools
3773:Wenge
3763:Utile
3728:Ramin
3683:Maple
3655:Lovoa
3627:Iroko
3597:Hazel
3582:Ebony
3527:Birch
3517:Beech
3512:Balsa
3502:Aspen
3497:Apple
3477:Alder
3434:Kauri
3429:Larch
3391:Cedar
3374:Woods
3349:Treen
3013:Galls
2964:Fruit
2939:Woods
2889:Roots
2768:Larch
2759:Tsuga
2731:Birch
2695:Alder
2662:Barks
2615:Sumac
2505:Grape
2482:seed
2345:Larix
2313:Larix
2304:(PDF)
2279:(PDF)
2107:Mill"
2105:Larix
2078:S2CID
2058:Larix
2039:S2CID
2003:Larix
1984:S2CID
1956:Larix
1937:S2CID
1905:Larix
1876:JSTOR
1846:Larix
1802:S2CID
1693:[
1691:Bäume
1550:boats
1504:Wales
1472:Devon
1384:Larix
1365:Larix
1340:syn.
1324:syn.
1320:var.
1306:syn.
1302:var.
1246:China
1195:Japan
1136:Mill.
1007:Larix
986:Larix
555:Larix
512:Japan
508:China
488:Larix
404:cones
232:Larix
199:Mill.
177:Mill.
171:Larix
104:Clade
91:Clade
7631:1318
7603:POWO
7572:1303
7526:3325
7521:NCBI
7495:ITIS
7469:IPNI
7448:6523
7443:GRIN
7430:GBIF
7391:EPPO
6142:† =
5134:s.s.
4848:s.l.
4481:Ogee
4466:Bead
4408:Knee
4378:Dado
4358:Butt
4098:Saws
4010:Vise
3947:Rasp
3872:Adze
3753:Teak
3708:Plum
3703:Pear
3464:Hard
3444:Rimu
3439:Pine
3383:Soft
3183:Wood
2785:Pine
2685:and
2599:wood
2564:wood
2543:wood
2327:ISBN
2222:2015
2119:2024
2031:PMID
1929:PMID
1884:PMID
1848:and
1794:PMID
1734:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1699:Bern
1577:and
1538:wood
1532:Uses
1522:Asia
1490:and
1478:and
1446:ssp.
1360:The
1336:var
1233:Alps
1211:and
1144:D.C.
1019:and
996:and
723:Mayr
540:soil
526:and
510:and
475:The
329:buds
222:are
7639:WFO
7508:NBN
7417:FoC
7404:FNA
7378:EoL
7365:CoL
5431:or
5129:or
4843:or
4607:Wax
4577:Oil
4413:Lap
4348:Box
4116:Bow
3988:Try
3867:Axe
3821:OSB
3816:MDF
3693:Oak
3622:Ipê
3587:Elm
3492:Ash
3454:Yew
3419:Fir
2597:Oak
2291:doi
2146:doi
2070:doi
2023:doi
1976:doi
1964:239
1919:doi
1866:doi
1825:doi
1786:doi
1494:in
7663::
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5966:†
5960:†
5954:†
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5936:†
5930:†
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5903:*
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416:–
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