324:, like many species of rodents, have shown a degree of learning in their feeding habits. Specifically, wood mice with previous experience eating walnuts are able to eat them more quickly, efficiently, and in greater quantities than mice that had not encountered hard-shelled walnuts. Additionally, mice without previous experience are able to successfully learn more efficient foraging behavior within 14 days of conditioning, a strong indication that foraging behavior is not strictly genetically determined and that trial-and-error may be a contributing mechanism. The behavior is also affected socially, as mice raised in specific environments forage in ways that mice in other environments may not. For example, large Japanese field mice raised in environments with more tannin-rich nuts show greater selectivity than those that do not. Behavioral fluidity and the ability to quickly adapt to environments without the need for evolution, which would take many generations to become apparent, is key for the survival of the mice in varying environments.
75:
50:
31:
287:
significantly decreases time outside of the nest, length of excursions, and food eaten compared to periods of dark. Additionally, the mice tend to carry food back to their nests during periods of light as opposed to eating away from the nest as they normally would in the dark. These behavioral
312:
is able to acclimate to nuts with high tannin levels by secretion of specialized proteins and recruitment of bacteria to aid in digestion. It also displays a proactive foraging preference for acorns with lower levels of tannin and related proteins. These changes are evolutionarily adaptive by
288:
changes are thought to be an adaptation to help the mice avoid potential predators, avoiding, for example, well-lit areas on the ground as they forage at night. Differences in such changes in behavior allow for the fulfillment of specific niches, as is observed between
230:
The species appears to be present on all
Japanese islands. It inhabits forests, grasslands, and cultivated fields, including rice paddies, at any altitude. Though occupying the same broad ecological niche as
778:
582:
Shimada, Takuya (24 February 2006). "Role of Tannin-Binding
Salivary Proteins and TannaseProducing Bacteria in the Acclimation of the Japanese Wood Mouse to Acorn Tannins".
489:
Ota, K.; Abe, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Fujimaki, Y.; Higuchi, S.; Igarashi, B.; Kuwahata, T.; Maeda, M.; Ueda, M.; Takayasu, T. (1977). "A synecological study of murid rodents".
308:
levels, making them highly toxic to rodents in high doses. Large
Japanese field mice display specific physiological and behavioral adaptations to deal with this toxicity.
283:
Large
Japanese field mice have been observed changing their typical foraging behavior in response to varying light conditions. In response to higher light intensity,
2261:
2109:
771:
2326:
2380:
2099:
630:"Selective Consumption of Acorns by the Japanese Wood Mouse According to Tannin Content: A Behavioral Countermeasure Against Plant Secondary Metabolites"
2094:
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can have serious effects on field mouse populations, including increases in overwinter survival, winter reproduction, and population density.
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1473:
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470:
Tatsukawa, K.; Murakami, O. (1976). "On the food utilization of the
Japanese wood mouse Apodemus speciosus (Mammalia: Muridae)".
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670:
Takechi, Reina; Tamuro, Noriko (2009). "Improved Walnut-Feeding Skills with
Experience in Wood Mice,
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Large
Japanese field mice forage primarily at night, likely to avoid predation. They are
2026:
931:
543:
Shimada, Takuya; Saitoh, Takashi (2003). "Negative
Effects of Acorns on the Wood Mouse
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1991:
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59:
54:
695:
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611:
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345:
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271:, which comprise 13-100% of their food. This makes them effective seed dispersers.
30:
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Sone, K (2002). "Changes in foraging behavior of two species of field mice,
86:
603:
435:
Temminck (Rodentia: Muridae), in the response to artificial illumination".
2344:
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1349:
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986:
851:
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296:, which react to light differently because of their differing body size.
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106:
491:
Research
Bulletins of the College Experiment Forests Hokkaido University
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727:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
521:
2214:
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304:
Many of the acorns and nuts consumed by this species have high
263:
mice, particularly around autumn and winter, as the mice hoard
339:
337:
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allowing the mice to deal with or avoid tannin consumption.
504:
Watts, C. H. S. (1969). "The Regulation of Wood Mouse (
2143:
1989:
1919:
1872:
1839:
1653:
1644:
1607:
1537:
1504:
1380:
1347:
1259:
1250:
1196:
984:
975:
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840:
235:, the two species prefer different microhabitats:
772:
369:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T1903A22424142.en
8:
403:Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan
2131:
1650:
1256:
981:
846:
779:
765:
757:
48:
29:
20:
367:
333:
665:
663:
7:
1577:Hopkins's groove-toothed swamp rat (
623:
621:
422:
420:
418:
416:
2381:IUCN Red List least concern species
1103:Eastern broad-toothed field mouse (
1058:Western broad-toothed field mouse (
628:Takahashi, A.; Shimada, T. (2008).
355:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1898:Southern Cordillera shrew-mouse (
1586:Issel's groove-toothed swamp rat (
1456:Mittendorf's striped grass mouse (
1429:Hoogstraal's striped grass mouse (
14:
1438:Senegal one-striped grass mouse (
391:"Microhabitat Separation between
1595:least groove-toothed swamp rat (
1568:Creek groove-toothed swamp rat (
1474:Rosevear's striped grass mouse (
1420:Griselda's striped grass mouse (
73:
1809:long-nosed Luzon forest mouse (
1755:Mindanao lowland forest mouse (
1737:Mindanao montane forest mouse (
1665:Luzon Cordillera forest mouse (
1559:Bell groove-toothed swamp rat (
1492:Heuglin's striped grass mouse (
1411:Bellier's striped grass mouse (
1860:Large Cordillera shrew-mouse (
1618:mesic four-striped grass rat (
732:Johns Hopkins University Press
1:
1827:Luzon Zambales forest mouse (
1483:typical striped grass mouse (
1447:Buffoon striped grass mouse (
1402:Barbary striped grass mouse (
1719:large Mindoro forest mouse (
1710:Luzon montane forest mouse (
1692:Mount Tapulao forest mouse (
1683:Mount Banahaw forest mouse (
1516:African groove-toothed rat (
1465:single-striped grass mouse (
1157:large Japanese field mouse (
1024:small Japanese field mouse (
787:Extant species of subfamily
508:) Numbers in Wytham Woods".
472:Physiology and Ecology Japan
239:prefers dense canopy, while
206:) is a nocturnal species of
1959:Sibuyan striped shrew-rat (
1907:Sierra Madre shrew-mouse (
1818:Sierra Madre forest mouse (
1791:Mount Mingan forest mouse (
1674:Luzon Aurora forest mouse (
925:A. (Micaelamys) namaquensis
584:Journal of Chemical Ecology
24:Large Japanese field mouse
2417:
1941:Isarog striped shrew-rat (
1851:Mount Isarog shrew-mouse (
1782:small Luzon forest mouse (
1773:Luzon giant forest mouse (
1628:four-striped grass mouse (
716:; Carleton, M. D. (2005).
437:Journal of Forest Research
198:large Japanese field mouse
2401:Mammals described in 1844
2070:
1746:Mount Irid forest mouse (
1049:South China field mouse (
796:
688:10.1007/s10164-008-0087-y
646:10.1007/s11284-008-0473-5
596:10.1007/s10886-006-9078-z
561:10.1007/s10144-002-0134-4
510:Journal of Animal Ecology
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2391:Endemic mammals of Japan
1968:blazed Luzon shrew-rat (
1728:Mount Apo forest mouse (
1040:Chevrier's field mouse (
724:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
226:Distribution and habitat
2110:Stenocephalomys–Xeromys
1701:Camiguin forest mouse (
1234:Tokunoshima spiny rat (
1130:Black Sea field mouse (
1076:Himalayan field mouse (
259:but mostly known to be
2045:Mount Data shrew-rat (
1281:Abyssinian grass rat (
1216:Muennink's spiny rat (
1085:Caucasus field mouse (
889:A. (Micaelamys) granti
718:"Superfamily Muroidea"
1950:Mindoro striped rat (
1892:Soricomys leonardocoi
1764:Lubang forest mouse (
1317:Neumann's grass rat (
1139:Kashmir field mouse (
1094:Sichuan field mouse (
1067:yellow-necked mouse (
1006:striped field mouse (
734:. pp. 894–1531.
1800:least forest mouse (
1290:Sudanian grass rat (
1184:Steppe field mouse (
1148:Taiwan field mouse (
1121:Korean field mouse (
1112:Ward's field mouse (
1015:Alpine field mouse (
950:Tinfields rock rat (
905:Tete veld aethomys (
887:Grant's rock mouse (
791:(Aethomys–Chrotomys)
362:: e.T1903A22424142.
344:Cassola, F. (2016).
2100:Pogonomys–Pseudomys
2054:Tapulao shrew-rat (
2009:Banahao shrew-rat (
1977:Luzon striped rat (
1525:Ethiopian mylomys (
1335:Guinean grass rat (
1326:African grass rat (
1308:Nairobi grass rat (
1299:Blick's grass rat (
1206:(Ryukyu spiny rats)
959:Thomas's rock rat (
914:Kaiser's rock rat (
869:Bocage's rock rat (
676:Journal of Ethology
634:Ecological Research
506:Apodemus sylvaticus
409:(6): 105–118. 1990.
399:in Northern Kyushu"
40:Conservation status
2175:Apodemus speciosus
2145:Apodemus speciosus
2095:Oenomys–Pithecheir
2036:Mingan shrew-rat (
2018:Isarog shrew-rat (
1359:Harrington's rat (
1236:T. tokunoshimensis
1225:Ryukyu spiny rat (
1175:Ural field mouse (
941:Selinda veld rat (
923:Namaqua rock rat (
896:Hinde's rock rat (
672:Apodemus speciosus
549:Population Ecology
545:Apodemus speciosus
449:10.1007/bf02762594
429:Apodemus speciosus
393:Apodemus argenteus
348:Apodemus speciosus
203:Apodemus speciosus
179:Apodemus speciosus
2368:
2367:
2353:Open Tree of Life
2137:Taxon identifiers
2128:
2127:
2066:
2065:
1885:Soricomys kalinga
1721:A. gracilirostris
1640:
1639:
1246:
1245:
971:
970:
741:978-0-8018-8221-0
317:Learning behavior
251:Foraging behavior
245:secondary forests
194:
193:
161:A. speciosus
63:
16:Species of rodent
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2090:Melasmothrix–Mus
2085:Hadromys–Maxomys
2027:Labo shrew-rat (
2002:
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1999:(Shrewlike rats)
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1703:A. camiguinensis
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932:Nyika rock rat (
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820:Euarchontoglires
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730:(3rd ed.).
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640:(6): 1033–1038.
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300:Tannin selection
279:Effects of light
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2080:Colomys–Golunda
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1961:C. sibuyanensis
1930:
1928:
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1603:
1548:
1547:(Groove-toothed
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880:A. chrysophilus
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2020:R. isarogensis
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1952:C. mindorensis
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1829:A. zambalensis
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1793:A. minganensis
1788:
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1766:A. lubangensis
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1431:L. hoogstraali
1426:
1417:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1378:
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1374:
1368:Yalden's rat (
1365:
1361:D. harringtoni
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
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1287:
1283:A. abyssinicus
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1069:A. flavicollis
1064:
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1034:A. avicennicus
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1021:
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979:
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943:A. silindensis
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878:red rock rat (
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2047:R. soricoides
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1979:C. whiteheadi
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1931:striped rats)
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1910:
1905:
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1901:
1896:
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1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1853:A. luzonensis
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1811:A. sacobianus
1807:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1757:A. littoralis
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1730:A. hylocoetes
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
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1713:
1708:
1706:
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1699:
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1219:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1177:A. uralensis
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:A. sylvaticus
1164:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1123:A. peninsulae
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:A. mystacinus
1101:
1099:
1097:
1092:
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1087:A. hyrcanicus
1083:
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1003:
1001:
989:
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983:
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952:A. stannarius
948:
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928:
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722:Wilson, D. E.
719:
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714:Musser, G. G.
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431:Temminck and
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243:prefers open
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170:Binomial name
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76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2386:Rats of Asia
2144:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1943:C. gonzalesi
1942:
1920:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1883:
1873:
1861:
1852:
1842:Archboldomys
1840:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1748:A. iridensis
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1694:A. brownorum
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1654:
1629:
1619:
1608:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1538:
1526:
1518:M. dybowskii
1517:
1505:
1493:
1484:
1476:L. roseveari
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1381:
1369:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1328:A. niloticus
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1260:
1235:
1227:T. osimensis
1226:
1218:T. muenninki
1217:
1197:
1186:A. witherbyi
1185:
1176:
1167:
1166:wood mouse (
1159:A. speciosus
1158:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1042:A. chevrieri
1041:
1032:
1026:A. argenteus
1025:
1016:
1007:
985:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
850:
818:Superorder:
726:
682:(1): 83–89.
679:
675:
671:
637:
633:
587:
583:
577:
552:
548:
544:
538:
522:10.2307/2772
513:
509:
505:
499:
490:
484:
475:
471:
465:
443:(1): 17–21.
440:
436:
433:A. argenteus
432:
428:
406:
402:
397:A. speciosus
396:
392:
385:
373:. Retrieved
359:
353:
347:
322:A. speciosus
321:
320:
310:A. speciosus
309:
303:
294:A. argenteus
293:
290:A. speciosus
289:
285:A. speciosus
284:
282:
273:Mast seeding
254:
241:A. speciosus
240:
237:A. argenteus
236:
233:A. argenteus
232:
229:
202:
201:
197:
195:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2249:iNaturalist
2169:Wikispecies
1970:C. silaceus
1900:S. montanus
1802:A. musculus
1784:A. microdon
1739:A. insignis
1621:R. dilectus
1579:P. hopkinsi
1561:P. campanae
1549:creek rats)
1485:L. striatus
1449:L. macculus
1422:L. griselda
1413:L. bellieri
1404:L. barbarus
1392:grass mice)
1383:Lemniscomys
1319:A. neumanni
1310:A. nairobae
1292:A. ansorgei
1271:grass mice)
1262:Arvicanthis
1251:Arvicanthis
1132:A. ponticus
1114:A. pallipes
1096:A. latronum
1060:A. epimelas
1017:A. alpicola
1008:A. agrarius
996:field mice)
859:(Bush rats)
555:(1): 7–17.
261:seed-eating
2375:Categories
2056:R. tapulao
2011:R. banahao
1992:Rhynchomys
1909:S. musseri
1862:A. maximus
1820:A. sierrae
1685:A. banahao
1676:A. aurorae
1630:R. pumilio
1467:L. rosalia
1440:L. linulus
1370:D. yaldeni
1337:A. rufinus
1269:(Unstriped
1150:A. semotus
1141:A. rusiges
994:(Old world
961:A. thomasi
916:A. kaiseri
907:A. ineptus
871:A. bocagei
478:: 133–144.
328:References
2038:R. mingan
1922:Chrotomys
1875:Soricomys
1775:A. magnus
1645:Chrotomys
1610:Rhabdomys
1588:P. isseli
1570:P. fallax
1301:A. blicki
1078:A. gurkha
934:A. nyikae
898:A. hindei
800:Kingdom:
375:6 October
257:omnivores
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2396:Apodemus
2319:13001220
2267:11370240
2154:Wikidata
2074:See also
1712:A. datae
1667:A. abrae
1647:Division
1597:P. minor
1494:L. zebra
1390:(Striped
1350:Desmomys
1253:Division
1199:Tokudaia
1051:A. draco
987:Apodemus
978:Division
976:Apodemus
852:Aethomys
843:Division
841:Aethomys
830:Family:
826:Rodentia
814:Mammalia
808:Chordate
806:Phylum:
802:Animalia
750:62265494
696:20852332
654:20357478
612:21414233
604:16770711
569:25025423
457:22104624
214:. It is
187:Temminck
148:Apodemus
133:Family:
127:Rodentia
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2306:1003025
2241:5219745
2215:1178949
2160:Q305911
2029:R. labo
1540:Pelomys
1507:Mylomys
832:Muridae
824:Order:
812:Class:
789:Murinae
269:walnuts
216:endemic
212:Muridae
189:, 1844)
143:Genus:
137:Muridae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2358:644310
2332:105296
2280:585142
2228:APODSC
2120:Others
2115:Otomys
2105:Rattus
1929:(Luzon
1656:Apomys
1527:M. rex
748:
738:
694:
652:
610:
602:
567:
528:
455:
306:tannin
265:acorns
208:rodent
2345:81810
2262:IRMNG
2254:45563
2189:73308
720:. In
692:S2CID
650:S2CID
608:S2CID
565:S2CID
526:JSTOR
453:S2CID
220:Japan
2327:NCBI
2293:1903
2288:IUCN
2275:ITIS
2236:GBIF
2223:EPPO
2202:FRJH
2184:BOLD
746:OCLC
736:ISBN
600:PMID
530:2772
395:and
377:2021
360:2016
292:and
267:and
196:The
2314:MSW
2301:MDD
2210:EoL
2197:CoL
684:doi
674:".
642:doi
592:doi
557:doi
547:".
518:doi
445:doi
364:doi
218:to
2377::
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2342::
2329::
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690:.
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678:.
662:^
648:.
638:23
636:.
632:.
620:^
606:.
598:.
588:32
586:.
563:.
553:45
551:.
524:.
514:38
512:.
476:17
474:.
451:.
439:.
415:^
407:14
405:.
401:.
358:.
352:.
336:^
247:.
222:.
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2013:)
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1963:)
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780:e
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379:.
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200:(
185:(
62:)
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