987:) or by the municipalities, in natural areas that are under their direct management. They can be employed by strictly private organisations and land owners to work on private properties, but are not regarded as being part of the law enforcement forces in such a case. They are armed officers, allowed to conduct their activities by the prefect and are placed under the authority of the public prosecutor. Their main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against poaching and environment degradation and the control of hunting licenses, although their powers are far more limited than those of the rural guards and of the officers of the French Office for Biodiversity, the National Forests Office, the municipal polices and the Coastal Protection Agency. Some of them are affiliated with the
2437:
1644:
672:) is the public service of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the execution of court decisions in criminal matters and to promote the social reintegration of persons entrusted to it by the judicial authority. Its action is based on 187 penitentiary establishments and 104 penitentiary integration and probation services (SPIP) distributed within ten interregional directorates of penitentiary services (DISP) in mainland France and overseas, placed under the authority of the Department of Prison Administration (DAP) whose current director is Laurent Ridel. Its strength is roughly 41,000 prison officers. French prison officers are not armed, except when transferring prisoners or when restoring order during prison riots.
236:
2747:
2289:
407:) is part of the French armed forces. It has the primary responsibility for policing smaller towns and rural areas as well as the armed forces and military installations, airport security and shipping ports. Being a military force, the gendarmerie has a highly centralized organization structure. It is under the control of both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior (as far as its civil duties are concerned). The Gendarmerie's origin dates back to 1306 when King Philippe le Bel (Philip the Fair) formed the first mounted military police force called the "
2777:
1439:
2676:
2536:
2805:
452:
332:
5132:
2564:
823:
1768:
2368:
598:
2646:
515:)) was a plainclothes operational service tasked with counterespionage, counterterrorism and economic security. In 2014 the DCRI was taken out of the structure of the National Police and directly subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior as a separate agency and the name of the DCRI was changed to General Directorate of Internal Intelligence. The service is informally known as the RG by the abbreviation of the former Central Directorate of General Intelligence.
2619:
2508:
929:) is a public organisation in charge of the protection of areas classified nature reserves and thus, the fight against environment degradation. Its officiers are employed and paid by local communities but working with the uniform of their agency. They can only bear non-lethal weapons, contrary to their counterparts of the Coastal Protection Agency. There are less than 1,000 nature reserves officers today in France.
247:
1896:
1707:
1583:
1378:
1113:
65:
876:) are the equivalent of municipal police officers but for smaller towns and villages. They are under the direct authority of the mayor. Like municipal police officers they may be armed at the request of the mayor and with the approval of the prefect, though it is not always the case. They have the same tasks as their urban counterparts. Today, there are roughly 1,000 rural guards in France;
24:
167:
948:. Its officers are independent of each other. Even though their main tasks are the fight against pest and large predators, when it is needed, and the surveillance of driven hunts, they also have law enforcement tasks, such as the fight against poaching and the control of hunting licenses. There are today nearly 2,000 wolfcatchers across the French territory;
548:. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against drug, counterfeit goods and protected species trafficking, evasion of customs duties, importation of non-compliant goods, alcohol and tobacco smuggling, money laundering and illegal immigration and the surveillance of French borders and territorial waters. It includes a coast guard agency, the
910:) is a public organisation in charge of the protection of outstanding littoral areas and thus, the fight against environment degradation and poaching on coastal areas. Its officers are employed and paid by local communities but working with the uniform of their agency. The strength of the Coastal protection agency is roughly 1,000 coastline officers;
895:) are responsible for the fight against road traffic offenses, environment degradation and minor disturbances in towns and cities, under the direct authority of the mayor. They cannot be armed, even with non-lethal weapons, contrary to municipal police officers and rural guards. Today, there are roughly 8,000 surveillance of public road officers;
861:, but it is not always the case. Their main tasks are the maintenance of safety in town, the fight against environment degradation and road traffic offenses and the reinforcement of the National Police and Gendarmerie forces when it is needed. There are roughly 24,000 municipal police officers in 4,555 communities;
1873:
Only OPJs may serve search (this includes anybody search more invasive than external palpation) and put somebody in custody ("garde à vue") for 24 hours; APJs may only assist them in these tasks. Suspects apprehended by an APJ must be brought before an OPJ which will in turn have to inform the public
1810:). The qualifications of OPJ and APJ can only be exercised if they are affected to a position where these are needed, and, for the OPJs by nominal decision of the general prosecutor of their area. These prerogatives are temporarily suspended when they engage, in an organized force, in an operation of
1687:, law enforcement forces may not conduct searches or arrests without a specific commission from the investigative magistrate. Depending on legal status of cases, not all law enforcement officers are able to act; some powers are restricted to those with special legal qualifications (see next section).
1053:
is responsible for small towns and rural areas with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants. The existence of two national police forces with similar goals and attributions, but somewhat different zones of activity, has at times created friction or competition between the two. Their merging has sometimes been
437:
Their main tasks include the fight against drug trafficking, terrorism, gang activities, damages to property and persons, riots, illegal immigration, money laundering and road traffic offenses, maintaining public safety, securing important events, solving criminal cases, helping and rescuing victims
1349:
One reason for giving commission to a military force to handle matters of civilian police is that the military is not allowed to go on strike, contrary to civilian public servants such as the police personnel, which enables the government to always have an instrument of law enforcement at hand.
695:" is the coast guard agency of the State Secretariat for the Sea. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the surveillance of marine traffic and fisheries and the fight against marine pollution and poaching at sea. Today there are about 3,000 coast guards of the Maritime Affairs;
1878:) and lead him or her to an OPJ. However, this is problematic in case of a "simple" citizen due to the estimation of what can be punished by a prison sentence or not, and due to possible abuse (abuses are a restriction of individual freedom and can be sued for illegal confinement).
649:) is mainly responsible for the monitoring of French wildlife. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement include the fight against environment degradation, poaching, pollution and protected species trafficking, the control of hunting and fishing licenses and the surveillance of
595:) are armed investigators of the tax administration in charge of repressing serious and potentially dangerous tax crime situations, sometimes linked with organized crime. They are closely working with police and customs services. There are around 50 judicial tax officers;
392:" (DPSP) (Prevention, Security and Protection Directorate) is composed of Agents with municipal police powers titled inspecteurs de sécurité (Security Inspectors). This is one of the few exceptions to the General Directorate's exclusive control.
758:
are responsible for maintaining security in stations, on trains and in subway stations of their respective public transport group. Their powers are far more limited than those of the Police, Gendarmerie and
Customs officers. The agents of the
857:) are the local police of towns and cities in France, dating back to the Middle Ages. The municipal police officers are under the direct authority of the mayor. They may be armed at the request of the mayor and with the approval of the
1881:
The quality of officer of judiciary police may be withdrawn by the judiciary if the officer has behaved in an inappropriate fashion. The general prosecutor grades OPJs and these grades are taken into account for possible promotions.
630:. Its main tasks regarding law enforcement are the fight against forest degradation, poaching and pollution, the surveillance of state-owned forests and the control of hunting licenses. Its strength is roughly 8,000 forest rangers;
2976:
1282:
Most criminal enquiries are conducted by the police. Justice may choose either service; sometimes, if the judiciary is disappointed by the results or the methods of one service, it may give the enquiry to the other service.
2318:
678:
771:. Their combined strength is roughly 4,000 railway security officers. The SNCF, the RATP and the RTM are also employing non-armed controllers in charge of checking the validity of the tickets of the passengers;
797:
are present in sensitive public areas, such as railway stations and tourist zones, to protect them from terrorist threats, also assisting conventional law enforcement agencies. They are mainly military of the
1789:) and applicable jurisprudence. Criminal inquiries are conducted under the supervision of the judiciary (depending on the phase, under the supervision of the public prosecutor or of an investigative judge).
3318:
389:
3258:
1863:
These ministerial nomination decisions may only be taken after the approval of a specific commission. The current rules also warrant the completion of an examination pertaining to legal matters.
4201:
1353:
Another advantage of the gendarmerie is that, being career soldiers, they have the authority to use armed force in a much less restricted way than the police (in popular culture so-called
814:
Many other administrations and public bodies carry out investigations and repressions of offenses, but due to the nature of their tasks, they are not regarded as law enforcement agencies.
1045:
The leadership of both agencies is centralized and they both have conventional deviance control responsibilities respectively except in different geographical locations in France. The
790:) carry out missions of law enforcement in the French territorial waters, such as the fight against maritime pollution and illegal immigration, acting as a military coast guard agency;
3981:
623:
3056:
541:
1259:) may not be capable of conducting complex investigations. For this reason, both the police and the gendarmerie maintain regional services dedicated to criminal investigations (
492:
5263:
5096:
438:
of human-made and natural disasters and for the
Gendarmerie only, the surveillance of some important infrastructures, like airports, nuclear power plants and military sites.
3419:
3341:
3336:
2350:
545:
536:
521:
3251:
5258:
2436:
3002:
1286:
The
National Police also features some central offices with national jurisdiction, charged with specific missions, such as the national anti-terrorist division.
5173:
4307:
3873:
1643:
3388:
1325:
1238:
964:
5238:
1306:
1072:
are now handled entirely by the police. Rural and suburban areas, and some smaller cities with populations ranging from 5,000 to 16,000, are handled by the
3244:
4649:
3346:
2588:
2458:
2406:
2361:
2336:
2309:
1917:
1728:
1672:
Preliminary enquiries: it is unclear whether a crime, or which crime, has been committed, but there exist good reasons to believe this might be the case.
1604:
1399:
1134:
504:
82:
37:
1857:
non-commissioned officers having completed three years of service, nominally designated by a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of defense.
5016:
4579:
3646:
3409:
2419:
466:
5253:
2950:
5086:
4941:
4926:
1473:) ensure the maintenance of public order and prevent crime, and are not involved the search for, or arrest of perpetrators of a particular offense.
3222:
3218:
5188:
3472:
1679:(a judge, external to the police) supervises an inquiry on a case where it is certain, or at least very probable, that a crime has been committed.
1248:
Many other countries have followed the French model and have established separate police agencies with the same role but different jurisdictions.
292:. Within these national forces, only certain designated police officers have the power to conduct criminal investigations which are supervised by
1033:) is the local equivalent of a non-armed municipal police force, under the command of the prefect. Its strength is roughly 20 territorial guards.
257:
is centralized at the national level. Recently, legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the
5106:
4951:
4521:
4021:
4006:
3366:
3351:
2332:
1874:
prosecutor. According to the law, any citizen can apprehend the author of a crime or of an offense that can be punished by a prison sentence (
235:
5178:
4893:
4786:
4599:
3774:
3378:
3138:
3096:
3037:
2938:
1057:
With the development of suburban dwellings, this had increasingly proved inadequate. Furthermore, the shifting of a town from a police to a
5111:
4852:
4624:
4405:
3060:
2746:
5233:
4128:
3891:
3547:
3537:
3356:
1842:
who have completed three years of service, and are nominally listed in a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of the interior.
1665:, in which a suspect was found committing the crime, or pursued by witnesses, or found in possession of objects from the crime or other
129:
1214:
A judge has police power in his courtroom (i.e. the judge can order people who disrupt the trial to be expelled from the proceedings).
177:
5320:
4867:
4819:
4711:
4706:
3976:
3373:
3361:
1094:
handle all matters regarding the military, the police at sea, the security of airports, and the security of certain public buildings (
101:
549:
5243:
3948:
3933:
2639:
2612:
2608:
2529:
2501:
2462:
2430:
2282:
1943:
1780:
1754:
1630:
1551:
1425:
1310:
1160:
988:
385:
289:
220:
202:
148:
51:
3215:
Aspects de la criminalité et de la délinquance constatées en France en 2004 par les services de police et les unités de gendarmerie
5223:
4671:
4216:
4057:
4011:
3424:
2584:
2573:
2410:
2340:
650:
627:
609:
108:
4829:
4791:
1188:), upholding public order, safety checks and traffic controls, assistance to people in imminent danger, protection duties, etc.
880:
4487:
2288:
775:
5218:
5091:
5026:
4961:
4771:
4236:
3811:
2395:
1921:
1732:
1608:
1462:
1456:
1403:
1138:
636:
86:
43:
2838:
2447:
1530:) is responsible for investigating, prosecuting, and punishing perpetrators of criminal offenses. Responsibilities include:
1024:
582:
3165:
1870:
are APJs. The remaining members of the
National Police, as well as members of municipal police forces, are APJ assistants.
115:
5001:
4741:
4701:
4681:
4661:
4564:
4159:
3801:
3779:
3720:
3715:
3227:
285:
5228:
2655:
1360:
The gendarmes have free housing facilities inside their respective gendarmerie brigades (precincts) or live in barracks (
721:
5281:
5198:
5121:
5066:
5036:
4956:
4919:
4857:
4676:
4226:
3705:
3542:
2740:
976:
1438:
369:
5298:
5286:
5276:
5193:
5153:
5101:
5076:
5051:
4996:
4966:
4877:
4862:
4824:
4809:
4756:
4751:
4726:
4584:
4344:
4064:
3938:
3928:
3676:
3517:
3465:
2885:
2708:
97:
5248:
4847:
2869:
2726:
1906:
1717:
1593:
1388:
1123:
827:
663:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5168:
5163:
5116:
5056:
5031:
5021:
4976:
4781:
4731:
4691:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4589:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4514:
4255:
4176:
3943:
3853:
3832:
3532:
3522:
3512:
995:
657:. Its strength is roughly 3,000 wildlife officers, fishery officers, national park rangers and marine park rangers;
305:
2814:
1925:
1910:
1736:
1721:
1612:
1597:
1407:
1392:
1142:
1127:
741:
75:
5071:
5061:
5011:
4986:
4981:
4971:
4872:
4814:
4776:
4766:
4746:
4736:
4721:
4716:
4696:
4666:
4634:
4594:
4530:
4435:
4191:
4079:
3996:
3923:
3791:
3636:
3429:
3393:
3303:
3293:
2880:
2545:
2298:
1095:
899:
846:
259:
5183:
1195:), handling penal law enforcement and investigation of crimes and felonies under the authority of a Magistrate (
451:
5158:
5046:
5041:
4991:
4761:
4686:
4656:
4016:
3986:
3591:
3383:
3328:
3283:
2776:
2628:
2535:
1696:
1676:
1521:
1515:
1087:
the police handle questions about the admittance, monitoring and continuing stay of foreigners (border police);
268:
2804:
2756:
1177:
not only refers to the forces, but also to the general concept of "maintenance of law and order" (policing).
5081:
5006:
4912:
4272:
4101:
4047:
4001:
3690:
3414:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3181:
2518:
2377:
2271:
916:
794:
381:
4377:
4339:
4297:
4282:
4074:
3896:
3796:
3458:
3439:
3209:
2818:
2675:
1496:
1271:) in the gendarmerie. In addition, both the police and the gendarmerie maintain laboratories dedicated to
822:
755:
601:
Captain of the
National Forests Office measuring a seized tortoise before releasing it into nature in 2008
566:
353:
322:
2685:
952:
4507:
4302:
4292:
4084:
3908:
3816:
3751:
1767:
699:
122:
622:) is the continuation of the Water and Forests military corp founded in 1291 and today under both the
597:
4327:
3868:
3806:
3695:
3586:
3308:
3275:
2597:
1661:
1294:
422:
293:
277:
2367:
5140:
4410:
4367:
4287:
4241:
4118:
4111:
4091:
4052:
3964:
3756:
3725:
3700:
3666:
3568:
3563:
2875:
2563:
1875:
1015:
4322:
4267:
4221:
4069:
4035:
3619:
3288:
1342:
398:
326:
3434:
2786:
865:
409:
841:
as such does not exist. Note the heterogeneity of local police both in means and in equipment.
4468:
4450:
4445:
4430:
4415:
4354:
4317:
4231:
4164:
4154:
4142:
4123:
3991:
3918:
3741:
3641:
3527:
3507:
3484:
3144:
3134:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3033:
2934:
2471:
1655:
forces are constrained by statute law. The rules of procedure depend on the stage of enquiry:
1218:
933:
413:". Between 1697 and 1699, King Louis XIV asserted his authority over police in France and the
3128:
1211:(municipality), which means that the mayor can order the police to enforce municipal bylaws.
4382:
4334:
4206:
4181:
3844:
3683:
3671:
2618:
2507:
1561:
of the French
National Police regroups all the units specialized in criminal enquiries. The
1477:
1068:
A redistribution of authority was thus decided and implemented between 2003 and 2005. Large
1018:
and the fight against illegal gold mining. There are roughly 2,000 military in these forces;
858:
837:(see below). There are also local police in the rural zones, as for the rural policemen the
2645:
380:
are under the control of the
Ministry of the Interior; its strength is roughly 149,000;The
368:", is considered a civilian police force. Its origins date back to 1812 and was created by
4477:
4440:
4425:
4420:
4362:
4277:
3837:
3578:
3298:
2864:
1466:
1230:
3823:
944:) is one of the oldest law enforcement forces, dating back to 813 when it was founded by
1476:
It comprises a variety of actions undertaken under the direction and supervision of the
4400:
4395:
4387:
4211:
4169:
3746:
1666:
1544:
417:
became the formal law enforcement arm of the country. In
February 1791, it was renamed
3030:
Pursuing
Justice: Traditional and Contemporary Issues in Our Communities and the World
963:), despite their denomination, are sworn officers, which can be employed by the local
5314:
4482:
4312:
4096:
3784:
1833:
nominally listed in a joint decision by the ministers of justice and of the interior;
331:
246:
4196:
3901:
3858:
3658:
3629:
1811:
1485:
1443:
1321:
1279:(Technical and Scientific Police). It is the equivalent of the American CSI Units.
1217:
Until 1984, the
National Police were involved in prehospital rescue operations and
4904:
364:
2733:(except when transferring prisoners or when restoring order during prison riots)
991:, but this is not mandatory. There are more than 50,000 private guards in France;
503:)) was tasked with intelligence data gathering, classification and analysis. The
421:
by the revolutionary government of France. It includes a coast guard agency, the
3863:
3766:
3611:
2490:
1895:
1706:
1582:
1377:
1112:
1069:
1007:
945:
799:
779:
654:
64:
4372:
3601:
3148:
2659:
735:
240:
3106:
1014:), are participating in law enforcement tasks, such as the protection of the
376:". It has primary responsibility for major cities and large urban areas. The
5145:
4499:
3710:
3236:
1314:
1272:
685:
Direction générale des Affaires maritimes, de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture
288:
provides policing services directly to Paris as a subdivision of France's
5131:
1792:
There are three judiciary qualifications: "officer of judicial police" (
965:
Certified Association for Fishing and Protection of Aquatic Environments
3624:
3492:
1481:
1237:, High Mountain Platoons of the Gendarmerie) and the National Police's
2803:
2775:
2745:
2674:
2644:
2617:
2562:
2534:
2506:
2435:
2366:
2287:
1484:, police and gendarmerie forces conduct a variety of actions ensuring
3913:
3481:
343:
3003:"Réforme du renseignement : Manuel Valls choisit la continuité"
2319:
Directorate general for Maritime affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture
1818:
Mayors and deputy mayors are OPJs. This disposition is rarely used.
969:
Association agréée de pêche et de protection des milieux aquatiques
679:
Directorate general for Maritime affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture
534:), a nowadays civilian customs service more commonly known as the "
3130:
Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives
1779:
officers follow when conducting criminal inquiries are set by the
1766:
1642:
1437:
821:
596:
491:)). The DCRI combined two services of the National Police HQ. The
450:
330:
245:
234:
176:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
546:
It operates mainly on a different framework of the other agencies
4186:
3596:
3450:
3313:
2760:
1302:
1226:
715:
4908:
4503:
3454:
3240:
1263:); these are known as "regional services of judiciary police" (
2951:"Le terme "police municipale" est-il tabou pour Anne Hidalgo?"
1889:
1700:
1576:
1371:
1106:
390:
Direction de la Prévention, de la Sécurité et de la Protection
304:
Law enforcement has a long history dating back to AD 570 when
160:
58:
17:
1346:
for the gendarmerie. They intervene throughout the country.
250:
Both French National Police and French Gendarmerie Nationale
3085:
John Bell; Sophie Boyron; Simon Whittaker (27 March 2008).
1537:
interrogating suspects in some phases of judicial enquiries
1049:
is responsible for Paris and other urban areas whereas the
3051:
3049:
2925:
2923:
542:
minister of budget, public accounting and civil servants
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
184:
3166:
Legal analysis of the goals of administrative policing
1804:
or APJ) and "agent of judicial police assistant" (APJ
2933:(5th ed.). Wadesworth Cengage learning: Belmont, CA.
1821:
In the National Police, these are qualified as OPJs:
1180:
There are two types of police in this general sense:
2245:
Summary table of the French law enforcement agencies
1061:
zone was often controversial, because, typically, a
5139:
4940:
4886:
4838:
4800:
4537:
4353:
4254:
4141:
4034:
3963:
3884:
3765:
3734:
3657:
3610:
3577:
3556:
3500:
3491:
3402:
3327:
3274:
1320:Both the police and the gendarmerie have crowd and
1251:A local precinct of the "police nationale" (called
544:; its strength is roughly 17,000 customs officers.
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
528:Direction générale des Douanes et Droits indirects
3420:Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes
3337:Co-ordination Unit of the Fight against Terrorism
3319:Security Group for the Presidency of the Republic
2489:Metropolitan Support and Assistance Ships of the
2351:Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes
1550:These actions must follow the rules given in the
1269:Sections de recherche de la Gendarmerie nationale
522:Directorate-general of Customs and Indirect Taxes
1275:. The forensics service of the police is called
479:) came into existence in 2008, initially as the
3032:(2 ed.). Anderson Publishing. p. 66.
1557:In order to better fulfill these missions, the
1501:positioning riot control forces (CRS or mobile
728:Groupe de Protection et de Sécurité des Réseaux
554:Direction nationale des Garde-côtes des Douanes
550:Directorate-national of the Customs coast guard
372:. In 1966, its name was officially changed to "
1866:Most other members of the National Police and
1313:groups. The gendarmerie also has armoured and
497:Direction Centrale des Renseignements généraux
187:to make improvements to the overall structure.
4920:
4515:
3466:
3252:
505:Directorate for Surveillance of the Territory
485:Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur
266:There are two national police forces called "
8:
5254:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3842:
3821:
3681:
1837:
1828:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1525:
493:Central Directorate for General Intelligence
481:Central Directorate of Internal Intelligence
473:Direction générale de la Sécurité Intérieure
3080:
3078:
1924:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1886:Comparative ranks of French police services
1735:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1611:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1406:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1141:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4927:
4913:
4905:
4522:
4508:
4500:
4260:
4147:
4040:
3969:
3497:
3473:
3459:
3451:
3347:Central Directorate of the Judicial Police
3259:
3245:
3237:
3210:Direction centrale de la police judiciaire
2929:Dammer, H. R. and Albanese, J. S. (2014).
2872:, paramilitary police unit of Vichy France
1559:Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire
1265:Services régionaux de la Police judiciaire
1233:is shared between the gendarmerie's PGHM (
889:agents de surveillance de la voie publique
509:Direction de la surveillance du territoire
3410:General Directorate for Internal Security
3091:(2 ed.). OUP Oxford. pp. 129–.
2420:General Directorate for Internal Security
1944:Learn how and when to remove this message
1771:Officers in plain clothes stopping a car.
1755:Learn how and when to remove this message
1631:Learn how and when to remove this message
1426:Learn how and when to remove this message
1364:), which is not the case for the police.
1255:) or the "gendarmerie nationale" (called
1235:pelotons de gendarmerie de haute montagne
1161:Learn how and when to remove this message
776:Metropolitan Support and Assistance Ships
589:Direction générale des Finances publiques
467:General Directorate for Internal Security
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
2248:
1979:Directeur général de la police nationale
1955:
239:Policemen with motorcycles and a car in
2899:
2116:Chef de service principal de 1re classe
2094:Directeur principal de police municipal
1225:). Prehospital aid is now performed by
1207:) has administrative police power in a
981:Fédération départementale des Chasseurs
763:are not armed contrary to those of the
3352:Central Directorate of Public Security
2839:Territorial Guard of Wallis and Futuna
2448:Directorate-General of Public Finances
2257:Bearing of lethal weapons by officers
2133:Chef de service principal de 2e classe
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1691:Officers and agents of judicial police
1267:) in the police, "research sections" (
1031:Garde territoriale de Wallis-et-Futuna
1025:Territorial Guard of Wallis and Futuna
583:Directorate-general of Public Finances
1958:
1798:or OPJ), "agent of judicial police" (
1301:has the foremost and best-known, the
989:National Federation of Private Guards
7:
3342:Central Directorate of Border Police
3127:Donnelly, Daniel (21 January 2013).
2931:Comparative Criminal Justice Systems
1922:adding citations to reliable sources
1839:Corps d'encadrement et d'application
1733:adding citations to reliable sources
1609:adding citations to reliable sources
1404:adding citations to reliable sources
1243:compagnies républicaines de sécurité
1139:adding citations to reliable sources
748:Groupe d'Assistance et de Protection
384:, directly controlled by the French
87:adding citations to reliable sources
3357:National Police Intervention Groups
2688:of fishing and hunting federations
2656:Network Protection and Safety Group
2052:Commissaire Divisionnaire de Police
1245:; Republican security companies).
826:Vehicle of the municipal police of
722:Network Protection and Safety Group
3379:Bouches-du-Rhône Police Prefecture
3374:National Police Intervention Force
3362:Research and Intervention Brigades
3028:Weisheit, Ralph (23 August 2015).
2709:Public Roads Surveillance Officers
1824:the commissioners and above ranks;
1083:have specific zones of authority:
977:Departmental Federation of Hunters
883:public roads surveillance officers
835:Agent de police judiciaire adjoint
643:Office français de la Biodiversité
429:). Today, there are about 102,000
14:
2589:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2459:Ministry of Economics and Finance
2407:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2362:Ministry of Economics and Finance
2337:Ministry of Ecological Transition
2310:Ministry of Ecological Transition
1781:French code of criminal procedure
1683:In particular, except for crimes
1552:French code of criminal procedure
386:Minister of the Interior (France)
33:This article has multiple issues.
5130:
5097:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1894:
1705:
1651:The powers of French police and
1581:
1376:
1277:Police technique et scientifique
1111:
1079:In addition, the police and the
891:, often called by their acronym
575:, often called by their acronym
165:
63:
22:
4935:Law enforcement in the Americas
3190:Decrees in the Council of State
2204:Garde Champêtre Chef Principal
2102:Directeur de police municipale
1851:, these are qualified as OPJs:
1775:The procedures that police and
1534:pursuing and arresting suspects
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
3812:Government of National Defense
2517:Military personnel engaged in
2396:French Office for Biodiversity
2333:Secretary of State for the Sea
2044:Commissaire général de Police
1457:Administrative police (France)
1006:), mainly the military of the
994:The military personnel of the
637:French Office for Biodiversity
1:
3721:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
3716:War of the Spanish Succession
3389:Republican Security Companies
2446:Judicial tax officers of the
2218:Gardien de la Paix Principale
1996:Directeur des Services Actifs
1795:officier de police judiciaire
1446:of the French National Police
1340:écurité) for the police, the
923:Réserves naturelles de France
573:officiers fiscaux judiciaires
286:Prefecture of Police of Paris
3367:Banditry Repression Brigades
2815:Support and Protection Group
833:The municipal policemen are
742:Support and Protection Group
670:Administration pénitentiaire
2957:(in French). 8 January 2016
1827:the titular members of the
1103:French police jurisdictions
388:, who are assisted by the "
98:"Law enforcement in France"
5337:
4531:Law enforcement in Europe
4202:French subdivisions by GDP
3949:2022 presidential election
3934:2017 presidential election
3228:La Documentation française
3225:(PDF); to be published by
3174:Code of criminal procedure
3057:"Premier-ministre.gouv.fr"
2238:Garde Champêtre Principal
1801:agent de police judiciaire
1694:
1647:French motorcycle officers
1513:
1454:
1197:Procureur de la République
616:Office national des Forêts
320:
308:systems were commonplace.
5321:Law enforcement in France
5272:
5239:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5128:
4463:
4263:
4150:
4043:
3972:
3706:Second Hundred Years' War
3548:Liberalism and radicalism
3304:Air Transport Gendarmerie
3268:Law enforcement in France
3009:(in French). 17 June 2013
2983:(in French). 18 June 2012
2881:Police violence in France
2299:Coastal Protection Agency
2167:Chef de police municipale
2161:Brigadier-Major de Police
2096:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2026:
1675:Judicial information: an
1065:unit serves a wide area.
908:Conservatoire du Littoral
902:Coastal Protection Agency
691:) commonly known as the "
294:investigative magistrates
255:Law enforcement in France
5259:Turks and Caicos Islands
3977:Administrative divisions
3435:Rural Guard/Rural Police
3284:Departmental Gendarmerie
3200:Administrative decisions
3133:. Springer. p. 37.
3088:Principles of French Law
2870:Groupe mobile de réserve
2640:Ministry of the Interior
2613:Ministry of Armed Forces
2609:Ministry of the Interior
2530:Ministry of Armed Forces
2502:Ministry of Armed Forces
2463:Ministry of the Interior
2431:Ministry of the Interior
2283:Ministry of Armed Forces
2260:Right of way in traffic
2184:Brigadier Chef Principal
2178:Brigadier-Chef de Police
1999:Général de corps d'armée
1786:Code de procédure pénale
1697:Judicial police (France)
1677:investigative magistrate
1516:Judicial police (France)
1289:Both the police and the
828:Châteauneuf-sur-Charente
362:), formerly called the "
342:France has two national
290:Ministry of the Interior
4197:Franc (former currency)
3802:Coup of 2 December 1851
3775:Long nineteenth century
3425:National Forests Office
3415:Paris Police Prefecture
2757:Railway Security Agency
2585:Ministry of Agriculture
2574:National Forests Office
2411:Ministry of Agriculture
2341:Ministry of Agriculture
2215:Maréchal des logis-chef
1184:administrative police (
1004:Forces armées en Guyane
702:Railway Security Agency
628:Ministry of Agriculture
624:Ministry of environment
610:National Forests Office
382:Paris Police Prefecture
5174:British Virgin Islands
4580:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4217:Science and technology
3874:Provisional Government
3843:
3822:
3682:
3440:Police ranks of France
2808:
2793:(depends on the area)
2780:
2750:
2693:(depends on the area)
2679:
2649:
2622:
2567:
2552:(depends on the area)
2539:
2511:
2440:
2378:French Nature Reserves
2371:
2292:
2272:Armed Forces in Guiana
1965:Gendarmerie nationale
1838:
1829:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1785:
1772:
1648:
1573:Rights and limitations
1526:
1492:directing road traffic
1470:
1447:
1305:; the police have the
998:Armed Forces in Guiana
917:French Nature Reserves
830:
602:
459:
457:Customs administration
455:Renault Mégane of the
370:Eugène François Vidocq
339:
323:French National Police
251:
243:
5087:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2807:
2779:
2749:
2727:Prison Administration
2678:
2648:
2621:
2566:
2538:
2510:
2439:
2370:
2291:
2221:Garde Champêtre Chef
2069:Commissaire de Police
1854:commissioned officers
1830:corps de commandement
1814:(i.e. riot control).
1770:
1695:Further information:
1646:
1569:(research sections).
1567:sections de recherche
1554:, articles 12 to 29.
1471:police administrative
1463:Administrative police
1451:Administrative police
1441:
1295:police tactical units
1186:police administrative
825:
664:Prison Administration
651:French national parks
600:
567:judicial tax officers
454:
419:gendarmerie nationale
405:Gendarmerie nationale
334:
278:Gendarmerie nationale
249:
238:
4022:World Heritage Sites
3939:Coronavirus pandemic
3309:Maritime Gendarmerie
3276:National Gendarmerie
2598:National Gendarmerie
2519:Opération Sentinelle
2127:Lieutenant de Police
2088:Commandant de Police
1918:improve this section
1729:improve this section
1685:in flagrante delicto
1662:in flagrante delicto
1605:improve this section
1565:counterpart are the
1400:improve this section
1173:In French, the term
1135:improve this section
942:Wolf-catching agency
795:Opération Sentinelle
793:The military of the
427:Gendarmerie maritime
423:Maritime Gendarmerie
399:National Gendarmerie
83:improve this article
5264:U.S. Virgin Islands
5107:Trinidad and Tobago
4952:Antigua and Barbuda
4801:States with limited
4160:Automotive industry
3944:2021 labor protests
3701:Peace of Westphalia
3569:History of Normandy
3564:History of Brittany
2876:Judiciary of France
2741:Ministry of Justice
2250:
2201:Brigadier de Police
2195:Brigadier de Police
2110:Capitaine de Police
2072:Lieutenant-colonel
2016:Général de division
1495:channelling street
1229:services; however,
1016:Guiana Space Centre
961:gardes particuliers
855:Polices municipales
185:editing the article
5017:Dominican Republic
4227:Telecommunications
3929:2015 Paris attacks
3792:Revolution of 1848
3620:Visigothic Kingdom
3384:Protection Service
3289:Mobile Gendarmerie
2809:
2781:
2751:
2680:
2650:
2623:
2568:
2540:
2512:
2441:
2372:
2293:
2249:
2235:Gardien de la Paix
2229:Gardien de la Paix
2033:Général de brigade
2030:Contrôleur Général
2013:Inspecteur Général
1968:Police municipale
1773:
1649:
1540:gathering evidence
1448:
1343:gendarmerie mobile
1219:casualty transport
940:(literally :
831:
708:Sûreté ferroviaire
693:Affaires maritimes
603:
460:
340:
327:French Gendarmerie
252:
244:
5308:
5307:
4902:
4901:
4497:
4496:
4459:
4458:
4250:
4249:
4137:
4136:
4129:Political parties
4065:Foreign relations
4030:
4029:
3959:
3958:
3742:French Revolution
3696:Thirty Years' War
3677:Absolute monarchy
3642:Kingdom of France
3538:Foreign relations
3518:Political history
3448:
3447:
3140:978-1-137-29061-8
3098:978-0-19-101889-3
3039:978-0-323-29459-1
2939:978-1-285-06786-5
2856:
2855:
2242:
2241:
1962:Police nationale
1954:
1953:
1946:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1659:Crimes committed
1641:
1640:
1633:
1527:police judiciaire
1436:
1435:
1428:
1261:police judiciaire
1203:Also, the mayor (
1193:police judiciaire
1191:judicial police (
1171:
1170:
1163:
874:gardes champêtres
317:National agencies
260:police municipale
231:
230:
223:
213:
212:
205:
178:layout guidelines
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
5328:
5229:Saint Barthélemy
5189:Falkland Islands
5134:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4906:
4839:Dependencies and
4538:Sovereign states
4524:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4261:
4177:Economic history
4148:
4041:
3970:
3848:
3827:
3726:Seven Years' War
3691:Wars of Religion
3687:
3672:House of Bourbon
3667:Early modern era
3647:Fundamental laws
3523:Military history
3498:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3430:Municipal Police
3294:Republican Guard
3261:
3254:
3247:
3238:
3233:
3178:
3170:
3153:
3152:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3059:. Archived from
3053:
3044:
3043:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2927:
2889:
2546:Municipal Police
2328:(except at sea)
2251:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1898:
1890:
1876:citizen's arrest
1847:In the National
1841:
1832:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1709:
1701:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1585:
1577:
1529:
1488:. They include:
1478:executive branch
1431:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1380:
1372:
1336:épublicaines de
1199:) in every case.
1166:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1115:
1107:
1096:Republican Guard
1047:Police Nationale
849:municipal police
788:Marine nationale
378:Police Nationale
374:Police Nationale
360:Police nationale
283:
274:
269:Police nationale
226:
219:
208:
201:
197:
194:
188:
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5282:Central America
5268:
5143:
5135:
5126:
4943:
4936:
4933:
4903:
4898:
4882:
4840:
4834:
4820:Northern Cyprus
4802:
4796:
4712:North Macedonia
4533:
4528:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4473:
4455:
4436:Public holidays
4349:
4308:Life expectancy
4246:
4133:
4026:
3955:
3924:Great Recession
3897:Fourth Republic
3892:1900 to present
3880:
3797:Second Republic
3761:
3730:
3653:
3606:
3573:
3552:
3487:
3479:
3449:
3444:
3398:
3329:National Police
3323:
3299:Air Gendarmerie
3270:
3265:
3231:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3141:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3063:on 7 April 2005
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2928:
2901:
2896:
2883:
2865:Crime in France
2861:
2629:National Police
2247:
2150:Chef de service
2147:Sous-lieutenant
2091:Chef d'escadron
2074:Chef d'escadron
2073:
1982:Général d'armée
1950:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1915:
1899:
1888:
1836:members of the
1761:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1726:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1602:
1586:
1575:
1545:search warrants
1522:Judicial police
1518:
1512:
1510:Judicial police
1459:
1453:
1432:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1397:
1381:
1370:
1355:licence to kill
1231:mountain rescue
1167:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1132:
1116:
1105:
1043:
820:
449:
444:
354:National Police
329:
321:Main articles:
319:
314:
302:
281:
272:
227:
216:
215:
214:
209:
198:
192:
189:
183:Please help by
182:
170:
166:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
5334:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5244:Sint Eustatius
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Cayman Islands
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4894:European Union
4890:
4888:
4887:Other entities
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4841:other entities
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4787:United Kingdom
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4600:Czech Republic
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4392:Cultural icons
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Stock exchange
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:National parks
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Climate change
3984:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3909:Fifth Republic
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3817:Third Republic
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:First Republic
3749:
3747:Napoleonic era
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Greek colonies
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:Simple decrees
3192:
3184:
3171:
3161:
3160:External links
3158:
3155:
3154:
3139:
3119:
3097:
3074:
3045:
3038:
3020:
2994:
2968:
2942:
2898:
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2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2857:
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2850:
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2798:
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2783:
2782:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2753:
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2743:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:Private Guards
2682:
2681:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2652:
2651:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2527:
2524:
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2514:
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2416:
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2398:
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2374:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
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2307:
2304:
2301:
2295:
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2285:
2280:
2277:
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2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:Sous-Brigadier
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:Police rurale
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1763:
1762:
1713:
1711:
1704:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1667:probable cause
1639:
1638:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1514:Main article:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1497:demonstrations
1493:
1480:, notably the
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1223:police-secours
1201:
1200:
1189:
1169:
1168:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1088:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1019:
1012:Armée de Terre
992:
955:private guards
949:
930:
911:
896:
877:
862:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:Armée de Terre
791:
772:
696:
673:
658:
631:
604:
561:
516:
448:
447:National level
445:
443:
442:Other agencies
440:
435:
434:
393:
318:
315:
313:
310:
301:
298:
229:
228:
211:
210:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5301:
5300:
5299:South America
5296:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:North America
5275:
5274:
5271:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:French Guiana
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:United States
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
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4939:
4930:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Faroe Islands
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:South Ossetia
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4672:Liechtenstein
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Birth control
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
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4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
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4167:
4166:
4163:
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4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4146:
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4140:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:Constitutions
4046:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:Années folles
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Second Empire
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:July Monarchy
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:Ancien Régime
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3120:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3021:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2940:
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2900:
2893:
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2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2537:
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5141:Dependencies
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4792:Vatican City
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4378:Coat of arms
4368:Architecture
4340:Social class
4298:Homelessness
4283:Demographics
4237:Trade unions
4170:Central bank
4112:criminal law
4106:
4075:Human rights
4058:presidential
3902:Algerian War
3885:Contemporary
3859:Vichy France
3854:World War II
3824:Belle Époque
3757:First Empire
3659:Early Modern
3630:West Francia
3267:
3226:
3214:
3208:
3186:regulations
3182:Statute part
3173:
3129:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3087:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3029:
3023:
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2954:
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2792:
2787:Rural Guards
2732:
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1931:
1916:Please help
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1880:
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1867:
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1812:public order
1791:
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1727:Please help
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1591:
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1486:public order
1475:
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1444:water cannon
1422:
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1398:Please help
1386:
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1322:riot control
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1133:Please help
1121:
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1070:conurbations
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81:Please help
76:verification
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
5219:Puerto Rico
5146:territories
5092:Saint Lucia
5027:El Salvador
4868:Isle of Man
4803:recognition
4772:Switzerland
4707:Netherlands
4488:WikiProject
4303:Immigration
4293:Health care
4155:Agriculture
4107:enforcement
3864:Free France
3833:World War I
3780:Restoration
3767:Late Modern
3637:Middle Ages
3612:Middle Ages
3597:Celtic Gaul
3232:(in French)
3177:(in French)
3169:(in French)
3007:Le Monde.fr
2955:Le HuffPost
2884: [
1868:gendarmerie
1849:Gendarmerie
1777:gendarmerie
1653:gendarmerie
1563:gendarmerie
1503:gendarmerie
1317:squadrons.
1299:gendarmerie
1291:gendarmerie
1092:gendarmerie
1081:gendarmerie
1074:gendarmerie
1063:gendarmerie
1059:gendarmerie
1054:suggested.
1051:gendarmerie
1040:gendarmerie
1038:Police and
946:Charlemagne
818:Local level
306:night watch
5214:Montserrat
5209:Martinique
5204:Guadeloupe
5002:Costa Rica
4742:San Marino
4702:Montenegro
4682:Luxembourg
4662:Kazakhstan
4565:Azerbaijan
4431:Philosophy
4416:Literature
4328:secularism
4124:Parliament
3919:2005 riots
3869:Liberation
3735:Revolution
3602:Roman Gaul
3587:Prehistory
3543:Journalism
3149:1005811336
3112:2 December
2987:1 December
2981:Légifrance
2961:1 December
2894:References
2660:RATP Group
2472:Louveterie
2130:Lieutenant
1332:ompagnies
936:Louveterie
736:RATP Group
579:) of the
433:in France.
241:Strasbourg
109:newspapers
38:improve it
5287:Caribbean
5199:Greenland
5122:Venezuela
5067:Nicaragua
5037:Guatemala
4957:Argentina
4942:Sovereign
4858:Gibraltar
4677:Lithuania
4288:Education
4242:Transport
4092:Judiciary
4053:Elections
4007:Mountains
3965:Geography
3711:Louis XIV
3501:Overviews
3107:865331945
2819:RTM Group
2263:Ministry
2113:Capitaine
1905:does not
1716:does not
1592:does not
1387:does not
1368:Functions
1315:paratroop
1273:forensics
1122:does not
756:RTM Group
754:) of the
734:) of the
714:) of the
431:gendarmes
337:gendarmes
44:talk page
5315:Category
5154:Anguilla
5102:Suriname
5077:Paraguay
5052:Honduras
5012:Dominica
4997:Colombia
4967:Barbados
4878:Svalbard
4863:Guernsey
4810:Abkhazia
4757:Slovenia
4752:Slovakia
4727:Portugal
4585:Bulgaria
4478:Category
4411:Language
4323:Religion
4268:Abortion
4222:Taxation
4119:Military
4080:Intersex
4070:Politics
4036:Politics
3838:Interwar
3533:Economic
3528:Language
3513:Timeline
3067:11 March
3013:10 April
2859:See also
2232:Gendarme
2198:Adjudant
1934:May 2019
1745:May 2019
1621:May 2019
1543:serving
1416:May 2019
1362:casernes
1309:and the
1221:(called
1205:le maire
1151:May 2019
767:and the
738:and the
626:and the
139:May 2019
5184:Curaçao
5169:Bonaire
5164:Bermuda
5117:Uruguay
5057:Jamaica
5032:Grenada
5022:Ecuador
4977:Bolivia
4962:Bahamas
4782:Ukraine
4732:Romania
4692:Moldova
4650:Ireland
4645:Iceland
4640:Hungary
4630:Germany
4625:Georgia
4615:Finland
4610:Estonia
4605:Denmark
4590:Croatia
4575:Belgium
4570:Belarus
4560:Austria
4555:Armenia
4550:Andorra
4545:Albania
4469:Outline
4451:Theatre
4446:Symbols
4406:Gardens
4396:Fashion
4388:Cuisine
4355:Culture
4345:Welfare
4318:Poverty
4256:Society
4232:Tourism
4192:Exports
4165:Banking
4143:Economy
4102:history
3997:Islands
3992:Borders
3625:Francia
3579:Ancient
3557:Regions
3508:History
3493:History
2977:"Codes"
2254:Agency
2055:Colonel
1926:removed
1911:sources
1807:adjoint
1737:removed
1722:sources
1613:removed
1598:sources
1482:prefect
1408:removed
1393:sources
1257:brigade
1209:commune
1143:removed
1128:sources
859:prefect
778:of the
537:Douanes
335:French
300:History
123:scholar
5072:Panama
5062:Mexico
5042:Guyana
4987:Canada
4982:Brazil
4972:Belize
4944:states
4873:Jersey
4815:Kosovo
4777:Turkey
4767:Sweden
4747:Serbia
4737:Russia
4722:Poland
4717:Norway
4697:Monaco
4667:Latvia
4635:Greece
4620:France
4595:Cyprus
4483:Portal
4383:Cinema
4363:Anthem
4335:Racism
4313:People
4207:Mining
4182:Energy
4017:Rivers
3982:Cities
3914:May 68
3485:topics
3482:France
3147:
3137:
3105:
3095:
3036:
2937:
1467:French
1297:. The
1175:police
973:AAPPMA
718:, the
689:DGAMPA
365:Sûreté
284:. The
125:
118:
111:
104:
96:
5159:Aruba
5047:Haiti
4992:Chile
4848:Åland
4762:Spain
4687:Malta
4657:Italy
4441:Sport
4426:Music
4421:Media
4278:Crime
4002:Lakes
3403:Other
3223:vol 2
3219:vol 1
2888:]
2266:Logo
2164:Major
1293:have
593:DGFiP
558:DNGCD
532:DGDDI
275:and "
130:JSTOR
116:books
5224:Saba
5144:and
5082:Peru
5007:Cuba
4401:Flag
4187:Euro
4085:LGBT
3394:RAID
3314:GIGN
3145:OCLC
3135:ISBN
3114:2022
3103:OCLC
3093:ISBN
3069:2005
3034:ISBN
3015:2021
2989:2020
2963:2020
2935:ISBN
2791:✔/✘
2761:SNCF
2691:✔/✘
2611:and
2587:and
2550:✔/✘
2491:Navy
2461:and
2409:and
2339:and
1909:any
1907:cite
1720:any
1718:cite
1596:any
1594:cite
1520:The
1461:The
1391:any
1389:cite
1307:RAID
1303:GIGN
1227:fire
1126:any
1124:cite
1090:the
1021:The
1008:Army
951:The
932:The
913:The
898:The
893:ASVP
879:The
864:The
845:The
802:Army
782:Navy
774:The
769:GPSR
765:SuGe
732:GPSR
716:SNCF
712:SuGe
698:The
675:The
660:The
653:and
633:The
606:The
563:The
518:The
489:DCRI
477:DGSI
463:The
395:The
350:The
325:and
102:news
4373:Art
4097:Law
2226:16.
2209:15.
2192:14.
2175:13.
2158:12.
2141:10.
1920:by
1731:by
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1402:by
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1326:CRS
1311:BRI
1239:CRS
1137:by
985:FDC
983:or
971:or
927:RNF
925:or
761:GAP
752:GAP
750:or
730:or
710:or
687:or
647:OFB
645:or
620:ONF
618:or
591:or
577:OFJ
556:or
530:or
513:DST
475:or
85:by
5317::
3221:,
3217:,
3213:,
3143:.
3101:.
3077:^
3048:^
3005:.
2979:.
2953:.
2902:^
2886:fr
2852:/
2849:/
2846:✔
2843:✘
2833:/
2830:/
2827:✘
2824:✘
2821:)
2800:/
2797:✘
2772:/
2769:✔
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2763:)
2737:✔
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2703:/
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