762:
1048:). These are not normally dealt with by the courts of law, but rather punished either by the police on the spot, or through a procedure in front of a committee at the local or municipal authority, or sometimes other administration body. The result is not a conviction, and so such a punishment will not blemish the culprit's criminal record. Like with other administrative acts, the outcome of this procedure can be challenged through the administrative justice process. A typical example of contraventions in Czech law this are driving offences. (In the common law world, acts falling into this category would be classed as
1914:
32:
1116:
of law, and are binding for general courts. If a lower court is to rule against "consistent adjudications" of the
Supreme Court on the point of law, it must give detailed reasoning, and this can often be a reason for a successful appeal. This system is largely based on judiciary's own interpretation of the Constitution, arguing that it gives citizens predictability and fairness. The most significant judgements of both courts are published in the official Collection of Laws.
440:
45:
1107:. Together with the Commercial Corporations Act and the Private International Law Act it constitutes a complete recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. It brings new and modern regulation of relations governed by civil law, with emphasis on personality rights, free will / more choice when writing a will or unified regulation of obligation laws.
805:, because constitutional statutes are more difficult to adopt, amend, supplement or repeal them than ordinary laws of the country. A special majority (constitutional supermajority) is required of three-fifths of all Deputies and a qualified majority of three-fifths of all Senators present. This is to promote continuity and stability of the political system.
1125:
892:. In the Czech Republic it was kept in its entirety and forms a part of the constitutional order (i.e. has the same legal force as the Constitution). It postulates the sanctity of natural human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as citizens' (political) rights, the equality before the law, rights of minorities and so on.
1115:
Theoretically, case law is not defined as a source of law in the Czech
Republic. Despite that, the decisions of courts, namely supreme courts and the Constitutional Court, have a significant influence over the Czech legal system since 1989. Findings of the Constitutional Court are considered a source
992:
The purpose of the 2009 codification was to bring the criminal justice system in line with the rest of Europe. The main change introduced by the code was transition from material to formal conception of criminal offence. Another thing the lawyers drafting the 2009 code had in mind, and expressed it
1064:
for offences committed by employees of a corporation, when acting on its behalf, being instructed by the board of directors or other representative of the company, or through lack of their action. In such cases, not only individuals will be prosecuted, but the corporation can be prosecuted as well
988:
Until 2009, the criminal code statute in force dated back to 1961. In spite of numerous amendments made since 1989, it still conformed to the communist ideology, oriented on punishment of perceived enemies of the socialist regime. As a part of an effort to comprehensively reform law and justice, a
1171:
in 1918 by
Czechoslovakia, among other successor states, but only for Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia), while Slovakia kept the customary law of Hungary. Albeit updated many times, this Austrian law was kept in Czechoslovakia, along with the legal duality, until 1950, when the
989:
brand new codification has been written. The
Ministry of Justice announced it as an "elaborate piece of work boiled down from the experience and knowledge of foremost expert on criminal law", which can be proudly compared to modern criminal codes of other democratic countries.
1096:. It has five parts. The first part is dedicated to a legal status of a person as an individual. The second regulates family law – e.g. the institute of marriage and the rights and obligations of husband and wife, parents and children. Although the Code does include
1399:
In full: Resolution no. 2/1993 Coll. of the
Presidium of the Czech National Council of 16 December 1992 on the declaration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms as a part of the constitutional order of the Czech
1222:– putiatively some democratic institutions and nominal human rights, and even notions of, for example an "independent" judiciary though the political reality of the country departed from it radically. The
838:
480:
296:
291:
286:
281:
1172:"Middle Civil Code" was promulgated, soon to be superseded by the civil code of 1964, which was in force until the "New Civil Code", enacted in 2009, entered into force in 2014.
1097:
981:). The two codes are complemented by the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act 2003, which deals with alleged offenders aged between 15 (the threshold of criminal liability as well as
2283:
177:
1239:
1422:
873:
67:
2052:
1944:
1815:
1985:
1934:
842:
343:
850:
114:
993:
in the area of sentencing tariffs, was a new balance of punishment against rehabilitation effect on the criminal. On one hand we see the sentences for felony (
473:
1891:
1886:
1881:
390:
829:
declares sovereignty (self-government) of the people and the values of freedom and democracy. It defines the separation of the three powers in a system of
395:
2098:
866:
858:
673:
564:
167:
2305:
1065:
for the same offence and punished by a host of measures, starting from certain injunctions, through fines a forfeitures, to liquidation of the company.
249:
147:
1673:
2083:
1467:
779:
92:
61:
973:), which codifies substantive criminal law. The comprehensive regulatory statute for criminal procedure is the Criminal Proceedings Code Act 1961 (
2352:
2017:
466:
373:
2127:
1769:
1164:
761:
1537:
2268:
2032:
1949:
1757:
415:
380:
1959:
1954:
1104:
889:
110:
410:
405:
385:
1571:
1409:
which amends the
Constitutional Act No. 1/1993 Coll., the Constitution of the Czech Republic as amended by subsequent constitutional acts
1808:
1223:
1219:
928:
172:
400:
2767:
2211:
2174:
2144:
2007:
1651:
1255:
826:
783:
607:
54:
1597:
2169:
2149:
1773:
1235:
1203:
1128:
1103:
The civil code regulation effective since 1 January 2014 is a result of eleven years of work of the recodification committee of the
742:– when referring to statutes), although they may take effect at a later date. International treaties are similarly published in the
1778:
622:
over Czech law in some areas. Recently, a brand new
Criminal Code entered into force in 2010, and the Civil Code followed in 2014.
2278:
2164:
2159:
2047:
2022:
834:
327:
322:
317:
312:
135:
105:
1703:
787:
2154:
2113:
2027:
2012:
1990:
1922:
1227:
1100:, it explicitly prohibits adoption to a person in a registered partnership. The rest in concerned mainly with property rights.
896:
854:
846:
532:
are divided into branches, among them civil, criminal, administrative, procedural and labour law, and systematically codified.
355:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
206:
160:
88:
2480:
2179:
1973:
1801:
1692:"Enforceable rulings of the Constitutional Court shall be binding for all agencies and individuals. " – Constitution, Art. 89
1419:
615:
517:
423:
22:
1199:
192:
187:
2298:
2193:
2108:
2066:
2000:
1903:
1259:
1226:, influenced by soviet constitutions, is often dubbed the "Socialist Constitution". It changed the name of the country to
1152:
350:
2078:
1781:– a collection of unofficial translations of Czech statutes (of varying quality) maintained by a professional translator
453:
142:
1180:
182:
2345:
2273:
2243:
2139:
1871:
1211:
1176:
2410:
2233:
2042:
1876:
1833:
618:, and declares human rights and rights of the citizen. Since 2004, the membership in the EU means the priority of
269:
264:
259:
254:
2746:
2617:
1898:
1247:
1215:
1464:
1282:
1243:
1160:
895:
The
Constitution has been seriously modified in February 2012, introducing a controversial popular vote of the
521:
2705:
2455:
1234:
and defined socialist, rather than democratic, character of the state, and introduced the leading role of the
2672:
2627:
2542:
2314:
1238:. The 1960 constitution remained in force until 1992, although in 1968 it was substantially modified by the
1293:
2772:
2720:
2677:
2537:
2502:
2338:
1670:
1140:
2682:
2319:
2103:
548:
444:
2572:
2532:
1841:
31:
2730:
2662:
2587:
1866:
1329:. Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law, Sept. 2009. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.
1202:
has been enacted hastily, establishing the republic with its president and temporary parliament. The
1001:) which carry a sentence of at least 5 years. On the other a newly created category of misdemeanour (
830:
2522:
2400:
2644:
2527:
1546:
1061:
862:
2700:
1434:
1206:
succeeded it, inspired by western democratic constitutions, and, controversially, postulating the
2602:
2206:
619:
572:
821:
Constitutional Act No. 347/1997 Coll. on the
Creation of Higher Territorial Self-Governing Units
1069:
Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on
Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and the Proceedings against Them
602:
The system of law and justice in the Czech Republic has been in constant development since the
2512:
2492:
2395:
2248:
1753:
1251:
1168:
924:
802:
603:
568:
544:
2710:
2507:
2263:
2238:
917:
815:
Resolution No. 2/1993 Coll. incorporating Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms
1648:
1545:. Association of Councils of State and Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions. Archived from
1323:
1163:. This was a forebear of the comprehensive codification of civil law in 1811, known as the
2715:
2632:
2582:
2557:
2415:
1677:
1655:
1438:
1426:
1207:
1195:
1144:
1049:
2622:
2612:
2562:
2475:
2470:
2460:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2420:
2405:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2228:
1913:
1824:
1787:
1191:
1190:
The history of Czechoslovak constitutionality starts with the formation of independent
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913:
885:
536:
513:
2761:
2725:
2667:
2607:
2597:
2577:
2567:
2552:
2547:
2497:
2465:
2450:
2425:
2361:
2216:
1861:
1471:
1370:
Official online version of Collection of Law and Collection of International Treaties
1184:
1148:
1037:
714:
Acts of parliament and other legal regulations enter into force on the day they are
44:
2637:
2592:
2517:
2487:
2090:
962:
916:, the Czech Republic committed itself to respect the principle of the supremacy of
775:
715:
560:
556:
1790:– an official online collection of Czech states published by the Czech government
1939:
1324:"UPDATE: An Introduction to the Czech Legal System and Legal Resources Online. "
1136:
1093:
694:); legislative acts of territorial self-government bodies: regional ordinances (
611:
529:
1124:
2253:
2221:
1851:
1752:
Prague: Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention, 2011. Print. Sources.
1156:
540:
525:
120:
98:
765:
The Constitution of the Czech Republic as published in the Collection of Laws
2201:
818:
Constitutional Act No. 110/1998 Coll. on the Security of the Czech Republic
1793:
812:
Constitutional Act No. 1/1993 Coll. the Constitution of the Czech Republic
1369:
1494:) can be found translated variously, even in official translations, as
929:
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1748:
1728:
1384:
1357:
965:
is regulated mainly, though not only, by the Criminal Code Act 2009 (
552:
535:
Written law is the basis of the legal order, and the most important
1147:. Reforms of government were to a large extent the work of empress
1123:
760:
1175:
Following in the tracks of their enlightenment predecessors, the
2330:
1995:
1856:
1846:
1539:
Administrative Justice in Europe – Report for the Czech Republic
360:
2334:
1797:
1442:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 01 Jan. 2010. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.
1242:– this transformed the unitary state into a federation of the
939:
Major areas of Czech law are codified in a systematic manner.
516:, and in the international community it is a member of. Czech
509:
520:
belongs to the Germanic branch of continental legal culture (
1432:
Hello Czech Republic (Czech Republic - The Official Website)
947:
Most important statutes in the criminal justice field are:
833:. It gives the legislative power to the popularly elected
1139:, the process of 'codification' dates back to the era of
1254:, but they turned out to be short-lived, as in 1992 the
1088:
Act No. 500/2004 Coll. the Administrative Procedure Code
1250:. Further radical modifications were enacted after the
630:
Sources of Czech law are (in this hierarchical order):
567:, in which a statute or its part has been nullified as
1661:
Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
1477:
Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
1431:
1598:"Corporate Criminal Liability in the Czech Republic"
957:
Act No. 218/2003 Coll., on Juvenile Criminal Justice
2739:
2691:
2653:
2368:
2192:
2126:
2065:
1972:
1921:
1832:
1746:Karabec, Z., J. Vlach, S. DiblĂková, and P. Zeman.
954:
Act No. 141/1961 Coll., the Criminal Procedure Code
653:
international treaties ratified by the Parliament (
923:The most important treaty in this category is the
1240:Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation
1214:and the second world war. In 1948, the so-called
616:structure and principles of democratic government
1732:The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.
1388:The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.
874:Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms
1770:National Labour Law Profile: The Czech Republic
1647:Czech Republic. Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR.
1463:Czech Republic. Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR.
1749:Criminal Justice System in the Czech Republic.
1704:"Musejà nižšà soudy poslouchat Nejvyššà soud?"
1451:sometimes rendered as Code of Criminal Justice
1418:Czech Republic. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "
1385:"Constitutional Order of the Czech Republic. "
1085:Act No. 99/1963 Coll. the Civil Procedure Code
2346:
1809:
861:. Two more institutions are established, the
845:. The executive power is divided between the
474:
8:
1183:of 1768, the most important Czechoslovakian
1009:) introduces a host of community sentences (
657:mezinárodnà smlouvy ratifikované parlamentem
1379:
1377:
1042:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
975:
967:
878:
792:
748:
732:
724:
704:
696:
688:
680:
666:
655:
644:
636:
589:
577:
502:
2353:
2339:
2331:
2132:
2071:
1978:
1927:
1816:
1802:
1794:
788:constitutional order of the Czech Republic
599:(“Collection of International Treaties”).
565:Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
481:
467:
17:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1155:, who participated in creating the first
1779:Czech Laws in English (Zákony anglicky).
1734:ĂšstavnĂ soud ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.
1622:sometimes rendered Code of Civil Justice
1390:ĂšstavnĂ soud ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.
1078:Main statutes regulating this area are:
1036:Less serious breaches of law are called
951:Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code
808:Most important constitutional acts are:
678:derived legislation: government orders (
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1275:
778:is written, and it consists of several
610:has been enacted, which postulates the
391:Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
20:
1727:Czech Republic. Constitutional Court.
1459:
1457:
1383:Czech Republic. Constitutional Court.
1200:Interim Constitution of Czechoslovakia
1092:The Civil Code codifies core areas of
1060:Since 2012, Czech law also recognizes
853:. It describes the functioning of the
784:the Constitution of the Czech Republic
396:Czech Republic–United States relations
1631:also Code of Administrative Procedure
1602:Newsletter - TerraLex Practice Groups
1572:"Trestnà odpovědnost právnické osoby"
1338:also translated as government decrees
1283:Zákon ÄŤ. 89/2012 Sb. obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk
1187:were enacted in 1950, 1961 and 2009.
7:
1702:Fetter, Richard W. (24 March 2010).
1143:, when they were a core part of the
1082:Act No. 89/2012 Coll. the Civil Code
903:Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll.
744:Collection of International Treaties
664:statutes adopted by the Parliament (
587:(“Collection of Law”, “Coll.”), and
1224:1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
1165:Allgemeines bĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
686:) and notifications of ministries (
1671:"Zákon 89/2012 obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk. "
1262:, and entered into force in 1993.
1256:Constitution of the Czech Republic
1062:criminal liability of corporations
1056:Act No. 200/1990 on Contraventions
935:Statutes adopted by the Parliament
827:Constitution of the Czech Republic
801:The constitution can be viewed as
786:), together they are known as the
608:Constitution of the Czech Republic
14:
1774:International Labour Organization
1294:Zákon č. 500/2004 Sb. správnà řád
1236:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1204:Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920
1181:Constitutio criminalis Theresiana
1129:Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana
1033:). The code also outlaws doping.
920:over Czech law in defined areas.
498:legal order of the Czech Republic
68:Charter of Fundamental Rights and
1912:
1570:Trubač, Ondeřej (5 March 2012).
1420:The System of Independent Courts
1177:Constitutio criminalis Josephina
1017:), including community payback (
890:Czechoslovak Federative Republic
888:document enacted in 1991 by the
880:Listina základnĂch práv a svobod
837:consisting of two chambers, the
438:
416:Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
381:Czech Republic–Germany relations
43:
30:
1596:Skalická, Hana (22 June 2012).
1258:has been promulgated after the
1159:of the country in 1787, called
897:President of the Czech Republic
411:Czech Republic–Russia relations
406:Czech Republic–Poland relations
386:Czech Republic–France relations
1465:"ObecnÄ› o trestnĂm zákonĂku. "
1347:sometimes orders of ministries
672:), published decisions of the
575:by the periodically published
424:Politics of the European Union
401:Czech Republic–China relations
23:Politics of the Czech Republic
1:
718:(published) in the official
702:) and municipal ordinances (
563:), and such findings of the
178:Supreme Administrative Court
1872:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1266:Sources and further reading
642:) and constitutional acts (
496:, often referred to as the
2789:
1260:division of Czechoslovakia
750:SbĂrka mezinárodnĂch smluv
668:zákony přijaté parlamentem
591:SbĂrka mezinárodnĂch smluv
504:právnà řád České republiky
2768:Law of the Czech Republic
2292:
2135:
2074:
1981:
1930:
1910:
1500:administrative infraction
1248:Slovak Socialist Republic
1216:Ninth-of-May Constitution
1161:Josephinisches Gesetzbuch
445:Czech Republic portal
1986:Administrative divisions
1536:Novotný, Václav (n.d.).
1244:Czech Socialist Republic
344:Administrative divisions
1659:NovĂ˝ obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk.
1210:. This lasted over the
1021:veřejně prospěšné práce
2411:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1788:Vyhledávánà v zákonech
1504:administrative offence
1218:was enacted after the
1141:enlightened absolutism
1132:
1098:registered partnership
1043:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
976:
968:
908:International treaties
879:
793:
766:
749:
733:
725:
705:
697:
689:
681:
667:
656:
645:
637:
590:
578:
559:by the parliament and
553:international treaties
503:
2258:(architectural style)
1252:regime change of 1989
1127:
764:
690:vyhlášky ministerstev
555:(once they have been
549:delegated legislation
510:system of legal rules
2284:World Heritage Sites
2099:Oil and gas deposits
1194:out of the ruins of
983:age of legal consent
867:Supreme Audit Office
859:Constitutional Court
674:Constitutional Court
168:Constitutional Court
2654:States with limited
1208:Czechoslovak nation
1105:Ministry of Justice
1025:) or house arrest (
1013:alternativnĂ tresty
863:Czech National Bank
839:Chamber of Deputies
831:Checks and balances
780:constitutional acts
148:Chamber of Deputies
62:Constitutional acts
1676:2012-07-09 at the
1654:2012-11-05 at the
1649:"Úvodnà stránka. "
1437:2012-01-03 at the
1425:2016-08-11 at the
1133:
961:Since 2010, Czech
770:Constitutional law
767:
634:the Constitution (
620:European Union law
604:1989 regime change
545:acts of parliament
524:). Major areas of
2755:
2754:
2328:
2327:
2188:
2187:
2122:
2121:
2061:
2060:
2053:Political parties
2018:Foreign relations
1968:
1967:
1867:Přemyslid dynasty
1758:978-80-7338-111-0
1475:Reforma justice.
1271:Statutes in Czech
1167:(ABGB). ABGB was
925:Council of Europe
857:, especially the
730:, abbreviated as
720:Collection of Law
541:legal regulations
491:
490:
374:Foreign relations
2780:
2692:Dependencies and
2628:Northern Ireland
2369:Sovereign states
2355:
2348:
2341:
2332:
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2301:
2259:
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2072:
1979:
1935:Cities and towns
1928:
1916:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1735:
1729:"Introduction. "
1725:
1719:
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1714:
1699:
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1684:
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1662:
1645:
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1582:
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1558:
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1484:
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1401:
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1391:
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1354:
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1339:
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1296:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1179:of 1707 and the
1050:summary offences
1046:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
979:
971:
882:
835:Czech Parliament
796:
752:
736:
728:
708:
700:
698:krajské vyhlášky
692:
684:
670:
659:
648:
640:
593:
581:
569:unconstitutional
512:in force in the
506:
483:
476:
469:
447:
443:
442:
441:
47:
34:
18:
2788:
2787:
2783:
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2779:
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2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2735:
2693:
2687:
2673:Northern Cyprus
2655:
2649:
2543:North Macedonia
2364:
2359:
2329:
2324:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2269:Public holidays
2257:
2184:
2118:
2092:
2057:
2033:Law enforcement
1964:
1950:Protected areas
1917:
1908:
1892:1867–1918
1887:1648–1867
1882:1526–1648
1842:Únětice culture
1828:
1822:
1784:
1766:
1743:
1738:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1681:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ.
1678:Wayback Machine
1669:
1665:
1656:Wayback Machine
1646:
1635:
1630:
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1621:
1617:
1607:
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1427:Wayback Machine
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1360:, if you prefer
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1322:Bobek, Michal.
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1198:. In 1918, the
1196:Austria-Hungary
1145:Austrian Empire
1122:
1113:
1076:
969:trestnĂ zákonĂk
945:
937:
912:On joining the
910:
794:ústavnà pořádek
772:
706:obecnà vyhlášky
628:
614:, outlines the
606:. In 1993, the
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1960:Urban planning
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1212:First Republic
1192:Czechoslovakia
1185:criminal codes
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1038:contraventions
959:
958:
955:
952:
944:
941:
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914:European Union
909:
906:
905:
904:
886:bill of rights
851:Prime Minister
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
771:
768:
754:, abbreviated
712:
711:
682:naĹ™ĂzenĂ vlády
676:
662:
651:
646:ústavnà zákony
627:
626:Sources of law
624:
595:, abbreviated
583:, abbreviated
514:Czech Republic
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2362:Law in Europe
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1552:on 2016-03-04
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1516:transgression
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1029:domácĂ vÄ›zenĂ
1024:
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782:(one of them
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726:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ
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579:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ
574:
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562:
558:
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550:
547:, as well as
546:
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537:source of law
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2683:Transnistria
2645:Vatican City
2430:
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2212:Coat of arms
2207:Architecture
2175:Prostitution
2145:Demographics
2037:
2008:Constitution
1747:
1731:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1708:České noviny
1707:
1697:
1688:
1683:03 Feb 2009.
1680:
1666:
1658:
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1601:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1565:
1554:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1538:
1531:
1523:
1520:misdemeanour
1519:
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1507:
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1229:
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1174:
1151:and her son
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1002:
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963:criminal law
960:
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943:Criminal law
938:
922:
918:European law
911:
894:
877:
871:
824:
807:
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791:
776:constitution
773:
755:
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695:
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518:legal system
501:
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297:
55:Constitution
15:
2721:Isle of Man
2656:recognition
2603:Switzerland
2538:Netherlands
2249:Nationalism
2170:LGBT rights
2150:Drug policy
2084:Electricity
1940:Czech lands
1877:Czech lands
1608:17 February
1581:17 February
1137:Czech lands
1094:private law
977:trestnà řád
716:promulgated
612:rule of law
573:made public
561:promulgated
530:private law
183:High Courts
2762:Categories
2573:San Marino
2533:Montenegro
2513:Luxembourg
2493:Kazakhstan
2396:Azerbaijan
2279:Television
2264:Philosophy
2239:Literature
2165:Irreligion
2160:Healthcare
2093:(currency)
2048:Parliament
2023:Government
1852:Marcomanni
1785:(in Czech)
1741:Literature
1604:. TerraLex
1556:2013-01-12
1496:infraction
1302:References
1157:civil code
985:) and 17.
803:entrenched
508:), is the
280:European:
136:Parliament
121:Petr Fiala
106:Government
99:Petr Pavel
2711:Gibraltar
2508:Lithuania
2155:Education
2114:Transport
2028:Judiciary
2013:Elections
1991:Districts
1923:Geography
1713:7 January
1524:violation
1492:přestupky
1488:přestupek
1486:The word
1230:Socialist
1153:Joseph II
1074:Civil law
1044:přestupek
855:judiciary
847:President
825:The 1992
756:Sb. m. s.
597:Sb. m. s.
522:civil law
494:Czech law
356:Districts
207:elections
161:Judiciary
89:President
83:Executive
2731:Svalbard
2716:Guernsey
2663:Abkhazia
2633:Scotland
2588:Slovenia
2583:Slovakia
2558:Portugal
2416:Bulgaria
2315:Category
2229:Language
2180:Religion
1974:Politics
1674:Archived
1652:Archived
1576:iDNES.cz
1468:Archived
1435:Archived
1423:Archived
1400:Republic
1327:GlobaLex
1246:and the
1232:Republic
1169:received
1111:Case law
865:and the
849:and the
841:and the
571:. It is
557:ratified
248:Senate:
2623:England
2613:Ukraine
2563:Romania
2523:Moldova
2481:Ireland
2476:Iceland
2471:Hungary
2461:Germany
2456:Georgia
2446:Finland
2441:Estonia
2436:Denmark
2421:Croatia
2406:Belgium
2401:Belarus
2391:Austria
2386:Armenia
2381:Andorra
2376:Albania
2299:Outline
2255:Panelák
2217:Cuisine
2194:Culture
2128:Society
2109:Tourism
2091:Koruna
2067:Economy
2001:Regions
1834:History
1512:offence
1508:offence
1358:byelaws
1120:History
884:) is a
351:Regions
205:Recent
2726:Jersey
2668:Kosovo
2608:Turkey
2598:Sweden
2578:Serbia
2568:Russia
2553:Poland
2548:Norway
2528:Monaco
2498:Latvia
2466:Greece
2451:France
2426:Cyprus
2320:Portal
2079:Energy
1955:Rivers
1756:
1131:, 1768
1005:přečin
997:zloÄŤin
843:Senate
774:Czech
638:Ăšstava
526:public
143:Senate
2701:Ă…land
2638:Wales
2593:Spain
2518:Malta
2488:Italy
2306:Index
2274:Sport
2244:Music
2140:Crime
1550:(PDF)
1543:(PDF)
1522:, or
1510:(!),
1490:(pl.
740:Coll.
539:are:
2234:Flag
2222:Wine
2043:Army
1857:Samo
1847:Boii
1754:ISBN
1715:2013
1610:2013
1583:2013
1429:. "
872:The
528:and
328:2023
323:2018
318:2013
313:2008
298:2024
292:2019
287:2014
282:2009
270:2022
265:2020
260:2018
255:2016
250:2014
238:2021
233:2017
228:2013
223:2010
218:2006
115:list
93:list
2202:Art
2038:Law
1356:or
1135:In
1052:.)
927:’s
798:).
758:).
734:Sb.
585:Sb.
551:),
2764::
1706:.
1636:^
1600:.
1574:.
1518:,
1514:,
1506:,
1502:,
1498:,
1456:^
1376:^
1309:^
931:.
899::
869:.
738:–
95:)
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2347:t
2340:v
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1717:.
1612:.
1585:.
1559:.
1526:.
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