1945:, titled Law CCCLI, updates the laws governing the Vatican's judiciary system and replaced the previous judicial system which was founded in 1987. The new law provides for greater independence of judicial bodies and magistrates dependent on the Pope. It also specifies the requirements for the appointment of judges and it simplifies the judicial system while increasing the staff of the court. Furthermore, it provides a head for the Office of the Promoter of Justice (prosecutor's office), and sets out a standardized procedure for possible disciplinary action against certified advocates.
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itself, began, and involved a priest accused of sexually abusing a former St. Pius X youth seminary student between 2007 and 2012 and another for aiding and abetting the abuse. The accused abuser, Rev. Gabriele
Martinelli, 28, was a seminarian and has since become a priest. The other defendant is the
1679:
affiliated with the
Vatican government, to report sex abuse. Failure to do so can result in a fine of up to 5,000 euros (about $ 5,600) or, in the case of a Vatican gendarme, up to six months in prison. The statute of limitations was also increased from 4 years to 20 years and any Vatican employee
1663:
case. Existing law provided that
Italian laws were accepted automatically except on bilateral treaties or those that have a sharp divergence with basic canon law. Under the new procedure, the Vatican would examine Italian laws before deciding whether to adopt them. However, as the Vatican had not
1599:
on 7 June 1929. All the norms in force in
Vatican City State which were not in agreement with the new Law were abrogated and the original of the Fundamental Law, bearing the Seal of Vatican City State, was deposited in the Archive of the Laws of Vatican City State and the corresponding text was
1683:
In
February 2021, Pope Francis amended articles 17, 376, 379 of the penal code of the Vatican. "These changes may affect the Vatican’s impending trial of the 39-year-old Italian woman Cecilia Marogna, who has been accused of embezzlement, which she denies."
1704:
Officials of the State of
Vatican City have diplomatic immunity under international law. Hence, if they are accused of a crime in their host country, they are ordinarily recalled to the State of Vatican City to face civil trial, and, if applicable, to face
1658:
In 2008, the
Vatican announced that it will no longer automatically adopt new Italian laws, as many Italian laws diverge from Catholic doctrine. The announcement came in the wake of conflict over right-to-life issues following the
85:
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Most of the positive and penal civil law—in contrast to canon law with civil effects—is based on the
Italian code from 1889. It was outdated in many ways. This was amended in a major fashion in 2013 to include a number of
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found guilty will be dismissed on a mandatory basis. On May 9, 2019, a new law was issued to male and female church workers not just in the
Vatican, but throughout the world to disclose any report of sex abuse.
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1913:, and two other cardinals, who are appointed by the President for a period of three years and who also have to be members of the Signatura. Additionally two or more judges are appointed for a three-year term (
1828:) serves as attorney both at the tribunal and at the court of the sole judge. The members of the tribunal, the sole judge and the promoter of justice are all lay jurists and are appointed by the pope.
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seminary's 72-year-old former rector Rev. Enrico Radice, who was charged with aiding and abetting the alleged abuse. On 6 October 2021, a
Vatican court acquitted both Martinelli and Radice.
1855:, to serve as Notary Actuary of the same court; they are officials of the General Affairs Section of the Secretariat of State of the Holy See. On September 30, 2017, Pope Francis named
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always accepted Italian laws under the old procedure little would change, with one newspaper commentator calling the announcement a "masked warning" to the Italian government.
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will join the Roman Curia with greater authority as well. A new “super dicastery” which promotes evangelization will also serve as the main institution in the Roman Curia.
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in the civil legal system of Vatican City State. Its competence includes appeals concerning legal procedure and judicial competence. According to a 2008 law issued by
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2250:"President of U.S. Bishops' Conference Issues Statement on Pope Francis's Motu Proprio Ordering Worldwide Response to the Evil of Sexual Abuse"
1988:
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On 14 October 2020, the first ever in-person criminal sex abuse trial held within the Vatican City walls, and also prosecuted by the Vatican
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2132:"Archbishop Dominique Mamberti Explains the Importance of the Laws Approved by the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State"
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1917:). Ordinarily cases are decided by the Cardinal judges; if opportune (e.g. in cases with higher legal complexity) two of the
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and lay persons. The Promoter of Justice of the Court of Appeals of Vatican City is currently, since his appointment by
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the state has signed over the years, as well as bringing it up to date. The penal code now includes specifics defining
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of the Supreme Pontiff Francis on the Jurisdiction of Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State in Criminal Matters"
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of three judges). The members of the Court of Appeal are appointed by the pope for a term of five years and are both
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In April 2023, Pope Francis promulgated a new Fundamental Law, this new version entered into force the same year.
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was held, Pope Francis issued a new Vatican City law requiring Vatican City officials, including those in the
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has a limited number of prison cells. Convicted criminals are held in Italian prisons under the terms of the
1651:, explicit listing of sexual crimes, and violating confidentiality. Since life imprisonment was abolished by
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1536:, the civil legal system of Vatican City State recognizes canon law as its first source of norms and
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2415:"Legge che approva l'ordinamento giudiziario dello Stato della CittĂ del Vaticano (Suppl. 12)".
1878:
consists of the president and three other judges (similar to the tribunal, cases are heard in a
1749:. The reason given is: The Pope made changes to the Vatican Judicial System in March 2020 - see
4046:
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2274:"Pope Francis issues groundbreaking law requiring priests, nuns to report sex abuse, cover-up"
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has to be a Vatican citizen and he can simultaneously serve as a member of the tribunal. The
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2205:"Pope Francis issues sexual abuse reporting laws for Vatican City and Holy See diplomats"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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are essential to the interpretation and application of the laws of Vatican City State.
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2347:"Pope Francis Changes Law to Allow Vatican City Court to Judge Cardinals and Bishops"
2298:"Pope Francis issues broad new Vatican law on reporting of sexual abuse and cover-up"
1820:
itself consists of a president and three other judges (however, cases are heard in a
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to change some articles so that Vatican City court can judge cardinals and bishops.
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2692:"First Vatican sexual abuse trial absolves a former altar boy who served the pope"
2530:"Legge N. CCCLI sull'ordinamento giudiziario dello Stato della CittĂ del Vaticano"
1595:, and replaced in its entirety the Fundamental Law of Vatican City promulgated by
1583:
on 26 November 2000, consists of 20 articles and is the constitutional law of the
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2323:"Pope Francis modifies Vatican criminal code, citing 'changing sensibilities'"
2073:"Pope Francis to restructure Roman Curia with major office for evangelization"
1949:
589:
2618:
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into law on March 13, 2020, which reforms the Vatican's judicial system. The
3418:
2666:"Vatican Issues Acquittals in Sexual Abuse Case Involving Former Altar Boys"
1517:
711:
4291:
1898:, Italy, and a member of the Bar for canon and civil law in the Holy See.
86:
Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church
3731:
2797:
2423:
1483:
608:
2741:
1835:
appointed as a Judge of the Ecclesiastical Court of Vatican City State,
1568:
The Fundamental Law governs the civil government of Vatican City State.
2404:. Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano. pp. 135–144.
1844:
1751:
Law No. CCCLI on the Vatican City State Judicial System (16 March 2020)
1676:
75:
1905:
consists of its president, who is by law the Cardinal Prefect of the
1883:
577:
2607:"Vatican Puts Priests on Trial Over Alleged Abuse Within Its Walls"
1935:
On 16 March 2020, it was announced that Pope Francis signed a new
1894:, Professor of the Law Faculty at the State University of Bari in
1879:
1821:
1491:
901:
2181:"Pope releases new Vatican legislation on abuse | News Headlines"
3864:
3357:
2809:
1895:
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1655:
in 2013, the maximum penalty is 30 to 35 years of imprisonment.
1512:
is supreme in the civil legal system of Vatican City State. The
584:
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2745:
2643:"Vatican Court Hears Unprecedented Sexual Abuse Criminal Trial"
3490:
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2101:"New Vatican document to put evangelization ahead of doctrine"
1728:
397:
1859:, an official of the Apostolic Signatura and a priest of the
1717:, however, the authority of the CDF will be weakened and the
2581:"Two priests accused in Vatican's first sexual abuse trial"
2377:"What are the Vatican's next steps in the child porn case?"
1474:
consists of many forms, the most important of which is the
2400:
Giuseppe Dalla Torre (2009). "L'Ordinamento Giudiziario".
2013:"Pope Francis reforms Vatican City courts with new law"
1871:
of the Ecclesiastical Tribunal of Vatican City State.
2556:"New law for Vatican City responds to current needs"
842:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
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Santa Maria della PietĂ in Camposanto dei Teutonici
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2690:Harlan, Chico; Pitrelli, Stefano (6 October 2021).
2370:
2368:
2366:
1237:
Santa Maria della PietĂ in Camposanto dei Teutonici
847:
Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
1719:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
2402:Ottanta anni dello Stato della CittĂ del Vaticano
2229:"Vatican tightens laws on sexual abuse of minors"
1772:The judicial system of Vatican City consists of:
1747:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1202:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
986:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
2636:
2634:
2154:"Vatican ends automatic adoption of Italian law"
2094:
2092:
2067:
2065:
1630:which assists the pope in the governance of the
734:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)
295:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
4307:
3880:
2757:
1451:
8:
2175:
2173:
2059:, concluding paragraphs; accessed Jan-2-2013
744:Undersecretaries for Relations with States:
330:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
2719:"Researching the Law of Vatican City State"
2467:"Resignations and Appointments, 30.09.2017"
2007:
2005:
2003:
1514:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
756:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
448:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
4314:
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4292:
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1711:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1478:. The organs of state are governed by the
1458:
1444:
1372:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
17:
3220:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri
2134:. Vatican Information Service. 2013-07-11
1824:of three judges). A promoter of justice (
1687:In April 2021, Pope Francis published an
146:History of the Catholic Church since 1962
1805:Justice is exercised in the name of the
1292:Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss
2664:Povoledo, Elisabetta (6 October 2021).
2050:"Fundamental Law of Vatican City State"
1999:
1890:on Wednesday, June 12, 2013, Professor
1799:Corte di Cassazione, Curia Cassationis)
1147:Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica
38:
2514:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2507:
1989:Index of Vatican City-related articles
1482:. The Code of Penal Procedure governs
1197:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
981:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
687:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household
268:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
2641:Poggioli, Sylvia (October 26, 2020).
1792:Corte d'Appello, Curia Appellationis)
1667:On March 29, 2019, one month after a
1573:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
1558:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
1480:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
1242:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
1001:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
738:Secretary for Relations with States:
203:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
7:
1713:(CDF) or competent dicastery. Under
300:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
2605:Povoledo, Elisabetta (2020-10-14).
1600:published in the Supplement to the
807:Institute for the Works of Religion
787:The Holy See and the United Nations
2536:from the original on 13 March 2023
1924:All courts have their seat at the
1591:on 22 February 2001, Feast of the
1357:Collection of Modern Religious Art
383:List of newspapers in Vatican City
325:Association of Vatican Lay Workers
208:Capital punishment in Vatican City
14:
4333:List of supreme courts by country
3501:Postage stamps and postal history
2099:San MartĂn, InĂ©s (Apr 22, 2019).
1669:historic Vatican sex abuse summit
1538:first principle of interpretation
1352:Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling
812:Telephone numbers in Vatican City
707:Section for Relations with States
443:Foreign relations of the Holy See
398:.va (Vatican City internet sites)
3847:
3835:
3642:Philatelic and Numismatic Office
1733:
1510:canon law of the Catholic Church
1504:Canon law of the Catholic Church
1476:canon law of the Catholic Church
1425:
1413:
1037:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
468:Holy See–United States relations
176:Vatican City during World War II
21:
2152:Babington, Deepa (2008-12-31).
2037:"Guide to Law Online: Holy See"
1921:complement the judicial panel.
1207:Public holidays in Vatican City
1057:Fountains of St. Peter's Square
991:Public holidays in Vatican City
837:Financial Information Authority
4654:European Court of Human Rights
4593:
3030:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena
2826:Vicar General for Vatican City
2438:"Rinunce e nomine, 07.05.2015"
996:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
827:Rail transport in Vatican City
769:Vatican and Holy See passports
358:Secretariat for Communications
253:Tribunal of Vatican City State
248:Temporal power of the Holy See
1:
2987:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
2883:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
2726:Guide to Law Online: Holy See
2532:(in Italian). 16 March 2020.
1928:at Piazza Santa Marta behind
1302:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
1082:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
563:President: G. di Sanguinetto
3281:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
1638:Positive civil and penal law
1297:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
897:Coat of arms of Vatican City
463:Holy See–Palestine relations
377:L'Osservatore della Domenica
223:Legal status of the Holy See
3670:Vatican Information Service
3510:Secretariat for the Economy
3366:Cardinal Secretary of State
3108:Modern and Contemporary Art
1778:Giudice Unico, Solus Iudex)
1715:the coming new Constitution
1490:governs relations with the
1272:Cardinal Secretary of State
1077:Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)
832:Secretariat for the Economy
722:Status in international law
717:Multilateral foreign policy
480:Governorate of Vatican City
393:Vatican Information Service
285:LGBT rights in Vatican City
156:Roman Historical Institutes
4711:
4690:Government of Vatican City
3800:Amateur Sports Association
3244:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
3171:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
1645:United Nations Conventions
1561:
1555:
1501:
1232:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
1227:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
862:Properties of the Holy See
4649:European Court of Justice
4640:
4330:
3830:
3692:Vatican Television Center
3564:
3471:
3312:
3210:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery
2920:
2783:
2732:"Apostolic Letter issued
2248:Telegraph, The Catholic.
2035:Law Library of Congress,
1780:with limited jurisdiction
1589:obtained the force of law
1472:law of Vatican City State
1087:Palace of the Holy Office
1067:Geography of Vatican City
961:Languages of Vatican City
822:Transport in Vatican City
551:President: Pio Vito Pinto
453:Holy See–Israel relations
413:Vatican Television Center
171:Vatican Historical Museum
4664:Benelux Court of Justice
3704:Vatican Publishing House
3009:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
2861:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2724:Law Library of Congress
1367:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
1287:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
1137:Old St. Peter's Basilica
1007:The Story of the Vatican
638:Universi Dominici gregis
626:Universi Dominici Gregis
492:Military of Vatican City
485:Governor of Vatican City
458:Holy See–Italy relations
403:Vatican Publishing House
372:(Vatican City newspaper)
139:2010 Vatican sex scandal
134:Governor of Vatican City
81:Congregation for Borders
30:This article is part of
3842:Vatican City portal
3254:Via della Conciliazione
2850:Prisoner in the Vatican
2185:www.catholicculture.org
1546:principles of canon law
1420:Vatican City portal
1347:Vatican Gallery of Maps
1212:Vatican Secret Archives
1172:Via della Conciliazione
1062:Gardens of Vatican City
817:Tourism in Vatican City
313:Politics and government
274:Apostolic Constitution
230:Alperin v. Vatican Bank
100:Prisoner in the Vatican
4382:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3945:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3854:Catholicism portal
3816:National football team
3810:National football team
3710:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3402:For Vatican City State
2418:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1930:Saint Peter's Basilica
1826:Promotore di Giustizia
1619:apostolic constitution
1603:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1432:Catholicism portal
1382:Sistine Chapel ceiling
1177:Vatican Climate Forest
1102:Saint Peter's Basilica
971:Vatican Christmas Tree
290:Pontifical Swiss Guard
263:1983 Code of Canon Law
197:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4695:Religion and politics
3665:Holy See Press Office
3450:Corps of Firefighters
3225:Paul VI Audience Hall
3176:Domus Sanctae Marthae
2948:St. Peter's Baldachin
2878:Cortile del Belvedere
2844:History of the papacy
2039:, accessed Jan-2-2013
1979:Crime in Vatican City
1926:Palazzo del Tribunale
1909:, currently Cardinal
1623:Praedicate evangelium
1312:Cortile del Belvedere
1217:St. Peter's Baldachin
1152:Paul VI Audience Hall
1052:Domus Sanctae Marthae
976:Sport in Vatican City
966:Women in Vatican City
949:Music of Vatican City
438:Fabric of Saint Peter
388:Vatican Radio lawsuit
363:Holy See Press Office
351:Pontifical Commission
213:Crime in Vatican City
151:History of the Papacy
3726:L'Osservatore Romano
3635:Sistine Chapel Choir
3439:Corps of Gendarmerie
3264:Porta San Pellegrino
3215:Sant'Egidio in Borgo
2943:Chair of Saint Peter
2935:St. Peter's Basilica
2903:Piazza Scossacavalli
2381:Catholic News Agency
2327:Catholic News Agency
2017:Catholic News Agency
1528:, is also the final
1322:Porta San Pellegrino
1257:Bibliotheca Palatina
1107:Saint Peter's Square
1027:Apostolic nunciature
954:Sistine Chapel Choir
504:College of Cardinals
420:Secretariat of State
369:L'Osservatore Romano
4685:Law of Vatican City
4603:States with limited
4188:States with limited
3717:Annuario Pontificio
3569:Academy of Sciences
3128:Gregoriano Egiziano
2321:Brockhaus, Hannah.
1963:Vatican Gendarmerie
1907:Apostolic Signatura
1861:Archdiocese of Lyon
1853:Diocese of Vigevano
1790:a Court of Appeal (
1247:Vatican Observatory
1021:Buildings/geography
885:List of Papal flags
473:Papal apocrisiarius
3481:Vatican euro coins
3276:Saint John's Tower
3249:St. Peter's Square
3198:Collegio Teutonico
3181:Holy Spirit Chapel
3143:Bramante Staircase
3123:Gregoriano Etrusco
2965:Saint Peter's tomb
2960:Vatican Necropolis
2819:List of sovereigns
2611:The New York Times
2254:Catholic Telegraph
2055:2008-02-26 at the
1911:Dominique Mamberti
1841:Diocese of Treviso
1839:, a cleric of the
1801:with three members
1785:tribunale, atrium)
1593:Chair of St. Peter
1585:Vatican City State
1530:court of cassation
1526:canonical tribunal
1192:Vatican Necropolis
1162:Torre San Giovanni
1112:Saint Peter's tomb
1047:Bramante Staircase
1010:, 1941 documentary
852:Vatican euro coins
633:(Papal elections)
538:Dominique Mamberti
531:Court of Cassation
4672:
4671:
4289:
4288:
3862:
3861:
3822:Vatican Athletics
3788:
3787:
3740:
3739:
3596:Apostolic Archive
3551:
3550:
3458:
3457:
3321:Foreign relations
3299:
3298:
3271:Ricciolo d'Italia
3239:Passetto di Borgo
3203:Teutonic Cemetery
3156:
3155:
3014:Borgia Apartments
2995:
2994:
2975:Tomb of the Julii
2048:VaticanState.va,
1919:giudici applicati
1915:giudici applicati
1797:a Supreme Court (
1794:with four members
1787:with four members
1770:
1769:
1700:International law
1581:Pope John Paul II
1534:Pope Benedict XVI
1468:
1467:
1388:The Last Judgment
1317:Passetto di Borgo
1307:Teutonic Cemetery
1157:Tomb of the Julii
1092:Palazzi Pontifici
1042:Borgia Apartments
774:Visa requirements
746:Antoine Camilleri
700:Foreign relations
645:Recent conclaves
345:Giuseppe Bertello
166:Vatileaks scandal
111:Law of Guarantees
64:Donation of Pepin
4702:
4340:Sovereign states
4316:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4226:Dependencies and
4162:Northern Ireland
3903:Sovereign states
3889:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3852:
3851:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3699:Vatican News App
3653:
3562:
3469:
3392:Apostolic Camera
3310:
3286:Vatican Pharmacy
3231:The Resurrection
3048:Niccoline Chapel
3038:Cappella Paolina
3024:Papal apartments
3001:Apostolic Palace
2982:Vatican Grottoes
2931:
2922:
2918:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2743:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
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2661:
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2577:
2571:
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2568:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2493:. Archived from
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2471:press.vatican.va
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2444:. Archived from
2434:
2428:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2375:Mena, Adelaide.
2372:
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2318:
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2238:
2237:. 29 March 2019.
2225:
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2195:
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2192:
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2167:
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2164:
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2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2077:Chicago Catholic
2069:
2060:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2009:
1892:Raffaele Coppola
1831:On May 7, 2015,
1765:
1762:
1756:
1745:factual accuracy
1737:
1736:
1729:
1689:apostolic letter
1649:money laundering
1544:has stated that
1524:and the highest
1492:Italian Republic
1460:
1453:
1446:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1267:Cappella Paolina
1252:Vatican Pharmacy
1182:Vatican Heliport
1132:Niccoline Chapel
1117:Lateran Basilica
1097:Papal Apartments
1032:Apostolic Palace
917:Papal coronation
655:
546:Court of Appeals
514:
279:
129:
25:
18:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4636:
4622:Northern Cyprus
4604:
4598:
4514:North Macedonia
4335:
4326:
4320:
4290:
4285:
4269:
4227:
4221:
4207:Northern Cyprus
4189:
4183:
4077:North Macedonia
3898:
3893:
3863:
3858:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3784:
3758:
3754:Catholic Church
3736:
3651:
3647:Public holidays
3547:
3519:
3454:
3425:
3373:
3346:
3341:Fundamental Law
3295:
3161:Gregorian Tower
3152:
3090:Vatican Museums
3084:
3019:Clementine Hall
2991:
2907:
2830:
2779:
2770:
2738:, 11 July 2013.
2715:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2696:Washington Post
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
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2663:
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2578:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2491:"Archived copy"
2489:
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2484:
2475:
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2460:
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2436:
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2320:
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2315:
2306:
2304:
2302:www.cbsnews.com
2296:
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2227:
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2222:
2213:
2211:
2209:www.cbsnews.com
2203:
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2125:
2116:
2114:
2098:
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2090:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2057:Wayback Machine
2047:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1984:Federico Cammeo
1975:
1959:
1876:Court of Appeal
1807:Supreme Pontiff
1766:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1742:This section's
1738:
1734:
1727:
1707:canonical trial
1702:
1640:
1632:Catholic Church
1615:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1552:Fundamental Law
1506:
1500:
1464:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1395:
1394:
1390:by Michelangelo
1342:Vatican Museums
1337:
1335:Vatican Museums
1327:
1326:
1262:Cappella Giulia
1072:Gregorian Tower
1022:
1014:
1013:
944:Vatican Library
939:Vatican Museums
934:
924:
923:
875:
867:
866:
802:
792:
791:
783:
765:
752:
702:
692:
691:
680:Papal Gentleman
675:Papal household
669:
653:
614:Diocese of Rome
597:Catholic Church
580:
570:
569:
564:
552:
540:
512:
432:
347:
315:
305:
304:
272:
239:Doe v. Holy See
191:
181:
180:
127:
93:Capture of Rome
53:
43:
12:
11:
5:
4708:
4706:
4698:
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4692:
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4608:
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4600:
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4597:
4596:
4591:
4589:United Kingdom
4586:
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4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4402:Czech Republic
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4337:
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4331:
4328:
4327:
4323:Supreme courts
4321:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4281:European Union
4277:
4275:
4274:Other entities
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4228:other entities
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4152:United Kingdom
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:Czech Republic
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
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3894:
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3827:
3825:
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3807:
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3649:
3644:
3639:
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3627:
3626:
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3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:Climate Forest
3600:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
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3546:
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3544:
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3538:
3527:
3525:
3524:Infrastructure
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3496:Poste Vaticane
3493:
3486:Communications
3483:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
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3452:
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3441:
3435:
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3416:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3369:Pietro Parolin
3363:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
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3297:
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3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
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3256:
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3222:
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3212:
3207:
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3200:
3190:
3185:
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3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Pio-Clementino
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3063:Sistine Chapel
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
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2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2926:Major basilica
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Lateran Treaty
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2856:Circus of Nero
2853:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
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2807:
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2795:
2790:
2784:
2781:
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2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2721:
2714:
2713:External links
2711:
2709:
2708:
2682:
2670:New York Times
2656:
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2597:
2572:
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2407:
2392:
2362:
2338:
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2289:
2265:
2240:
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2196:
2169:
2144:
2123:
2088:
2061:
2041:
2028:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1967:Lateran Treaty
1958:
1955:
1869:Judicial Vicar
1837:Lucio Banerjee
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1776:a sole judge (
1768:
1767:
1741:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1701:
1698:
1675:, and foreign
1661:Eluana Englaro
1639:
1636:
1614:
1611:
1556:Main article:
1553:
1550:
1502:Main article:
1499:
1496:
1488:Lateran Treaty
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1410:
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1397:
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1377:Sistine Chapel
1374:
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1329:
1328:
1325:
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1282:Circus of Nero
1279:
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1134:
1129:
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1122:Lateran Palace
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
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789:
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771:
764:
763:
758:
751:
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749:
748:
742:
740:Paul Gallagher
731:
730:
729:
727:Lateran Treaty
719:
714:
709:
703:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
684:
683:
682:
672:
671:
670:
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631:Papal conclave
628:
623:
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430:Pietro Parolin
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118:Lateran Treaty
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106:Roman Question
102:" (1870–1929)
96:
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4627:South Ossetia
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4240:Faroe Islands
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3896:Law in Europe
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3687:Vatican Radio
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3677:Vatican Media
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3414:Congregations
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3326:Vicar General
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3166:Casina Pio IV
3164:
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3133:Pio Cristiano
3131:
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3078:Room of Tears
3076:
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3043:Raphael Rooms
3041:
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2898:Borgo Vecchio
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2497:on 2013-06-20
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2448:on 2015-09-06
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2113:on 2019-04-25
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1957:Incarceration
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1903:Supreme Court
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1849:Paolo Scevola
1847:, Italy, and
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1761:December 2021
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4632:Transnistria
4594:Vatican City
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3608:Demographics
3586:Architecture
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2773:Vatican City
2734:motu proprio
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2970:Papal tombs
2893:Borgo Nuovo
2866:Papal tombs
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1628:Roman Curia
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1522:Roman Curia
1167:Scala Regia
1142:Papal tombs
912:Papal tiara
779:Visa policy
619:Roman Curia
536:President:
497:Noble Guard
72:(754–1870)
4679:Categories
4659:EFTA Court
4544:San Marino
4504:Montenegro
4484:Luxembourg
4464:Kazakhstan
4367:Azerbaijan
4107:San Marino
4067:Montenegro
4047:Luxembourg
4027:Kazakhstan
3930:Azerbaijan
3448:See also:
3379:Government
3351:Governance
3098:Historical
3068:altarpiece
3053:Sala Regia
2803:Properties
2624:2021-02-16
2591:2021-02-16
2566:2021-02-16
2501:2013-06-12
2476:2021-02-16
2452:2021-02-16
2442:Vatican.va
2386:2021-02-16
2356:2021-05-12
2332:2021-02-16
2307:2021-02-16
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2259:2021-02-16
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2190:2021-02-16
2163:2014-09-16
2138:2013-07-15
2117:2021-02-16
2082:2021-02-16
2022:2021-02-16
1995:References
1950:city state
1867:, France,
1814:sole judge
1562:See also:
1222:Sala Regia
712:Concordats
590:Popemobile
510:Camerlengo
4479:Lithuania
4325:of Europe
4245:Gibraltar
4042:Lithuania
3613:Languages
3531:Transport
3316:Elections
3259:Fountains
3103:Paintings
2913:Geography
2619:0362-4331
1851:, of the
1725:Judiciary
1613:Curia law
1518:dicastery
1498:Canon law
1484:tribunals
904:(Vatican
558:Tribunale
426:Secretary
341:President
335:President
258:Canon law
60:(554–751)
4612:Abkhazia
4559:Slovenia
4554:Slovakia
4529:Portugal
4387:Bulgaria
4265:Svalbard
4250:Guernsey
4197:Abkhazia
4167:Scotland
4122:Slovenia
4117:Slovakia
4092:Portugal
3950:Bulgaria
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3732:Pope2you
3591:Archives
3536:Heliport
3431:Military
3409:Councils
3305:Politics
2798:Holy See
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2701:16 April
2675:16 April
2585:BBC News
2540:13 March
2534:Archived
2510:cite web
2424:Holy See
2420:(AAS) 79
2278:NBC News
2053:Archived
1973:See also
1818:tribunal
1486:and the
906:postcode
609:Holy See
320:Archives
32:a series
4584:Ukraine
4534:Romania
4494:Moldova
4452:Ireland
4447:Iceland
4442:Hungary
4432:Germany
4427:Georgia
4417:Finland
4412:Estonia
4407:Denmark
4392:Croatia
4377:Belgium
4372:Belarus
4362:Austria
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4352:Andorra
4347:Albania
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4147:Ukraine
4097:Romania
4057:Moldova
4015:Ireland
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4005:Hungary
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3970:Denmark
3955:Croatia
3940:Belgium
3935:Belarus
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3915:Andorra
3910:Albania
3818:(Women)
3763:Symbols
3618:Library
3557:Culture
3515:Tourism
3476:Banking
3464:Economy
3361:Francis
3188:Gardens
3073:ceiling
2836:History
2814:Francis
2793:Outline
2426:. 1987.
2158:Reuters
1884:clerics
1845:Treviso
1709:at the
1677:nuncios
1520:of the
1403:Outline
932:Culture
874:Symbols
800:Economy
761:Nuncios
128:present
76:Annates
51:History
4617:Kosovo
4579:Turkey
4569:Sweden
4549:Serbia
4539:Russia
4524:Poland
4519:Norway
4499:Monaco
4469:Latvia
4437:Greece
4422:France
4397:Cyprus
4260:Jersey
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4142:Turkey
4132:Sweden
4112:Serbia
4102:Russia
4087:Poland
4082:Norway
4062:Monaco
4032:Latvia
4000:Greece
3985:France
3960:Cyprus
3793:Sports
3770:Anthem
2775:
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892:Anthem
578:Papacy
126:(1929–
120:(1929)
95:(1870)
66:(750s)
4564:Spain
4489:Malta
4459:Italy
4235:Ă…land
4172:Wales
4127:Spain
4052:Malta
4022:Italy
3812:(Men)
3657:Media
3630:Music
3336:Crime
2954:PietĂ
2788:Index
2645:. NPR
1880:curia
1843:, in
1822:curia
1587:. It
1408:Index
902:00120
654:(Oct)
652:1978
3780:Flag
3623:film
3541:Rail
3491:.va
3358:Pope
3148:Maps
2810:Pope
2703:2022
2677:2022
2651:2020
2615:ISSN
2542:2023
2516:link
2106:Crux
1961:The
1901:The
1896:Bari
1874:The
1865:Lyon
1812:The
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880:Flag
665:2013
660:2005
585:Pope
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