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and vein, plus the lateral pectoral nerve) may be the guide for local anesthetic applications in order to achieve pectoral muscle denervation. “Routine botulinum toxin infiltration of the chest wall musculature at the time of mastectomy and immediate reconstruction… would paralyze the muscles and
1226:
243:) intraoperatively by the surgeon under direct vision by three injections - one to block the medial pectoral nerve, the second to block the perforating branches of the medial pectoral nerve, and the third to block the lateral pectoral nerve. An
275:
of the pectoralis major muscle and resulting severe pain (acute or chronic) may be reduced by pectoral nerve block or neuromuscular relaxation. Decreasing the pectoral muscle tone intraoperatively by neuromuscular relaxation
284:), can facilitate better cosmetic results during breast augmentation or post-mastectomy breast implantation. “The skin projection point of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) represents the denervation point (DP).” The NVB (
680:
Titiz, Izzet; Ozel; Ozel; Toros; Marur; Yildirim; Erdogdu; Kara (19 August 2010). "Denervation Point for
Neuromuscular Blockade on Lateral Pectoral Nerves: A Cadaver Study".
195:
fibers. It arises either from the lateral cord or directly from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks of the brachial plexus. This is unlike the
109:
979:
975:
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637:
Desroches, Jean; Grabs (2013). "). "Selective
Ultrasound Guided Pectoral Nerve Targeting in Breast Augmentation: How to Spare the Brachial Plexus Cords?"".
1055:
1051:
199:, which derives from the medial cord (or directly from the anterior division of the lower trunk). It splits into four to seven branches that pierce the
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210:, called the ansa pectoralis. The lateral pectoral nerve has been described as double, while the medial pectoral nerve has been described as single.
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to localize the pectoralis major and minor muscles, the presumed course of the pectoral nerves and the optimal spread of the local anesthetic.
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Larsen, Mikko; Bishop, Allen T.; Shin, Alexander Y. (1 January 2018), Morrey, Bernard F.; Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin; Morrey, Mark E. (eds.),
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Baur, Dale A.; Horan, Michael P.; Rodriguez, Juan C. (1 January 2012), Bagheri, Shahrokh C.; Bell, R. Bryan; Khan, Husain Ali (eds.),
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Kahn, Elyne; Yang, Lynda J. -S. (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.),
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Porzionato, Macchi; Stecco (2012). "Surgical
Anatomy of the Pectoral Nerves and the Pectoral Musculature".
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Blockade of the lateral pectoral nerve is helpful in cases such as shoulder dislocation and other
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Wei, William Ignace; Chan, Yu-wai (1 January 2009), Wei, Fu-Chan; Mardini, Samir (eds.),
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Willey, Shawna C.; Feldman, Elizabeth D. (1 January 2009), Evans, Stephen R. T. (ed.),
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Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Lateral anterior thoracic visible in upper right.)
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235:, when the implant is inserted by the subpectoral route. The pectoral nerves can be
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468:
Essential
Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Limbs
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The lateral pectoral nerve can be damaged, particularly during surgery, by
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The medial and lateral pectoral nerves form a connection, around the
223:
The lateral pectoral nerve is important in the pain response after
272:
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to innervate the entire pectoralis major or its superior portion.
68:
290:
837:
251:, experienced in regional anesthesia. It is safe and relies on
731:, Philadelphia: Content Repository Only!, pp. 1078–1098,
247:
can also be performed preventively before the operation by an
793:
Schema of brachial plexus with course of spinal nerves shown.
373:"Chapter 40 - Anatomy of the Lateral Cord and Its Branches"
313:
can cut off innervation to the lateral pectoral nerve.
1194:
421:"Chapter 68 - The Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap"
729:
Morrey's the Elbow and its
Disorders (Fifth Edition)
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989:
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912:
871:
103:
91:
79:
67:
62:
52:
42:
37:
20:
828:grossanatomy/dissector/labs/ue/pect_scap/p2_1.html
516:, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 475–487,
425:Current Therapy In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
427:, Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders, pp. 566–572,
379:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 547–551,
559:, Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 175–192,
849:
462:Rea, Paul (1 January 2015), Rea, Paul (ed.),
8:
183:Although this nerve is described as mostly
916:
856:
842:
834:
26:
1201:
759:
358:
187:, it also has been considered to carry
158:clavipectoral (coracoclavicular) fascia
339:This article incorporates text in the
245:ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block
120:
17:
464:"Chapter 2 - Upper Limb Nerve Supply"
160:, and enters the deep surface of the
7:
807:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
553:"CHAPTER 17 - Pectoralis major flap"
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501:
414:
412:
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366:
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172:The lateral pectoral nerve provides
470:, Academic Press, pp. 41–100,
565:10.1016/b978-0-7216-0519-7.00017-4
476:10.1016/b978-0-12-803062-2.00002-4
433:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2527-6.00068-2
385:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00042-1
14:
1114:superior lateral cutaneous of arm
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786:
774:
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557:Flaps and Reconstructive Surgery
522:10.1016/b978-141602951-9.50058-x
333:
149:, and through it from the C5-7.
117:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
682:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
139:lateral anterior thoracic nerve
1:
865:Nerve supply of the human arm
311:Trauma to the brachial plexus
945:lateral cutaneous of forearm
1012:medial cutaneous of forearm
725:"117 - Flaccid Dysfunction"
347:of the 20th edition of
74:nervus pectoralis lateralis
1253:
282:local anesthetic injection
694:10.1007/s00276-010-0712-7
510:"Chapter 46 - Mastectomy"
377:Nerves and Nerve Injuries
293:caused by muscle spasm.”
115:
25:
1232:Nerves of the upper limb
805:Anatomy photo:05:st-0506
769:Plan of brachial plexus.
1139:inferior lateral of arm
1017:medial cutaneous of arm
280:) or by a nerve block (
1163:posterior interosseous
286:thoracoacromial artery
233:breast implant surgery
156:and vein, pierces the
135:lateral pectoral nerve
21:Lateral pectoral nerve
1153:dorsal digital nerves
1056:proper palmar digital
1052:common palmar digital
1042:dorsal digital nerves
980:proper palmar digital
976:common palmar digital
961:anterior interosseous
323:Medial pectoral nerve
265:orthopedic procedures
214:Clinical significance
197:medial pectoral nerve
152:It passes across the
1143:posterior of forearm
231:, and especially in
201:clavipectoral fascia
225:breast augmentation
137:(also known as the
291:postoperative pain
253:ultrasound imaging
219:Postoperative Care
141:) arises from the
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903:to the subclavius
756:Additional images
738:978-0-323-34169-1
574:978-0-7216-0519-7
531:978-1-4160-2951-9
514:Surgical Pitfalls
485:978-0-12-803062-2
442:978-1-4160-2527-6
394:978-0-12-410390-0
174:motor innervation
164:to innervate it.
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941:musculocutaneous
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162:pectoralis major
123:edit on Wikidata
57:Pectoralis major
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999:medial pectoral
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933:ansa pectoralis
913:Infraclavicular
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883:dorsal scapular
872:Supraclavicular
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824:MedEd at Loyola
819:Photo at mun.ca
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645:(1): 49–55.
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237:anesthetized
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143:lateral cord
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86:A14.2.03.018
73:
47:Lateral cord
15:
1149:superficial
1075:: see above
1073:medial root
1048:superficial
1010:cutaneous:
991:medial cord
894:upper trunk
289:reduce the
259:Nerve Block
193:nociceptive
63:Identifiers
1221:Categories
810:EatonHand
744:26 October
580:26 October
537:26 October
491:26 October
448:26 October
400:19 October
329:References
229:mastectomy
53:Innervates
1131:cutaneous
971:recurrent
1126:muscular
1110:axillary
1028:muscular
702:20721553
667:26711722
659:22730005
624:22125503
616:22125052
345:page 933
317:See also
307:avulsion
269:shoulder
180:muscle.
168:Function
1211:Anatomy
813:ner-014
710:6959180
241:blocked
176:to the
145:of the
38:Details
1197:Portal
1122:radial
1069:median
1038:dorsal
1033:palmar
966:palmar
953:median
735:
708:
700:
665:
657:
622:
614:
571:
528:
482:
439:
391:
353:(1918)
297:Damage
273:Spasms
1177:Other
1097:lower
1093:upper
1024:ulnar
706:S2CID
663:S2CID
620:S2CID
343:from
185:motor
121:[
110:65296
69:Latin
1159:deep
1062:deep
879:root
746:2020
733:ISBN
698:PMID
655:PMID
612:PMID
582:2020
569:ISBN
539:2020
526:ISBN
493:2020
480:ISBN
450:2020
437:ISBN
402:2020
389:ISBN
305:and
227:and
191:and
133:The
98:6419
81:TA98
43:From
690:doi
647:doi
604:doi
561:doi
518:doi
472:doi
429:doi
381:doi
105:FMA
93:TA2
1223::
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1137:,
1124::
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885:,
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686:33
684:.
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653:.
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641:.
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512:,
500:^
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361:^
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276:(
239:(
125:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
