43:
1365:
1389:
72:
50:
1377:
322:, their prolonged existence on the island was a probable threat to them. Given that the island is nearly empty of flora and is absolutely devoid of fresh water, it is impossible to understand what the rats feed on when the birds are not around throughout the year. Later surveys of the Island report no observations of rats. This might be due to the
333:, a similar situation can be observed. It is believed that the rats there obtain the majority of their moisture from eggs during the laying season and through cannibalism during the non-laying season. It is necessary to get rid of these rats given the eocological significance of Latham as a seabird breeding ground.
381:
Guano was said to be available in abundance on Latham in 1845, and Sultan Said awarded Messrs, Cogan and Co. of London and
Zanzibar a concession for its extraction. Zanzibar sent workers to start the collecting. The project was halted due to a disagreement about this labour between the Sultan, Cogan,
246:
platform currently measures around 287 metres (942 ft) by 157 metres (515 ft) at its widest point. However, estimates of its length range widely, from 182 metres (597 ft) to 289 metres (948 ft) or less, and the island is gradually sinking in the ocean. While the is unquestionably
377:
map from the first half of the sixteenth century, but the East
Indiamannamed Latham, who rediscovered it in 1758, gave it its current name that is recorded in European maps. It is currently a part of the United Republic of Tanzania.
278:, the surface is hard; in these locations, the guano is at least one foot deep and has been measured to a depth of over three feet in one instance. However, it is only a few inches deep over the majority of the coral platform.
317:
were observed in large numbers around the island, especially in the south and east where they hid among the rocks along the shore. Given that the rats are most likely to prey on the eggs and young of nesting
585:
Asseid, B. S., et al. "The food of three seabirds at Latham Island, Tanzania, with observations on foraging by masked boobies Sula dactylatra." African
Journal of Marine Science 28.1 (2006): 109-114.
426:
409:. Latham guano could be used for manurial purposes, but according to the paper, it would need to be combined with other minerals that have higher potash and nitrogen levels first.
1426:
1095:
266:. It has a flat top but very slightly higher at the southern end. A 3 metres (9.8 ft) high cliff is disintegrating into a tangle of rocks. By way of the vast
231:. It is roughly 300 metres (980 ft) long and 300 metres (980 ft) wide, and has an area of 3 hectares (7.4 acres). The island is surrounded by a fringing
1256:
1132:
827:
2020:
2084:
1419:
460:
2038:
1072:
42:
1152:
1266:
397:
later examined Latham guano in 1920 with an eye towards potential future use. However, it was discovered that it had more phosphate and less
2074:
1875:
1287:
160:
2079:
1435:
1412:
1220:
1147:
1110:
1261:
1246:
1137:
2025:
1120:
1105:
184:
109:
1543:
1563:
1468:
1292:
1241:
1142:
525:
Gwynne, M. D., et al. “Latham Island: An
Ecological Note.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 136, no. 2, 1970, pp. 247–51. JSTOR,
512:
Gwynne, M. D., et al. “Latham Island: An
Ecological Note.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 136, no. 2, 1970, pp. 247–51. JSTOR,
445:
Gwynne, M. D., et al. “Latham Island: An
Ecological Note.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 136, no. 2, 1970, pp. 247–51. JSTOR,
1493:
1214:
28:
2033:
247:
getting smaller owing to undercutting, the discrepancy in length estimates is likely caused by the existence of a moveable
1822:
1639:
1271:
880:
354:
2046:
1880:
1865:
1649:
1528:
1518:
1344:
2002:
1817:
1807:
1463:
1313:
1297:
1251:
1236:
1065:
820:
813:
1757:
1732:
1609:
1558:
1548:
1488:
1458:
1802:
1837:
1777:
1727:
1722:
1478:
1125:
323:
1847:
1717:
2069:
1870:
1787:
1782:
1679:
1380:
1762:
1742:
1752:
1624:
1842:
1792:
1772:
1767:
1538:
1533:
1812:
1634:
1629:
1797:
1737:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1368:
1058:
370:
307:
1827:
1644:
1594:
539:
270:
deposits that blanket the majority of the island, the original coral over much of it has been changed to
1932:
1747:
1664:
1619:
1614:
1584:
1523:
1508:
1503:
1100:
467:
204:
1659:
1832:
1707:
1579:
1553:
1498:
1483:
1473:
1453:
291:
196:
188:
82:
1900:
1684:
1674:
1669:
1513:
353:, named for an Arab who was allegedly granted permission to gather debris there under the reign of
303:
1388:
1997:
1977:
1689:
1654:
1349:
1178:
836:
791:
756:
721:
686:
612:
394:
358:
87:
390:
that hit Latham a few years later carried away the two huts that the labourers had constructed.
631:
1915:
1024:
921:
651:
630:
Crawford, Rjm; Asseid, Bs; Dyer, Bm; Hija, A; Mwinyi, Aa; Shinula, P; Upfold, L (April 2006).
374:
362:
263:
565:
492:
207:
from 1898 to 1963. Currently, the island is administered by the United
Republic of Tanzania.
1895:
860:
783:
748:
713:
678:
643:
604:
346:
180:
1987:
1392:
1328:
1183:
947:
251:, which has, when present and exposed, been added to the length of the island. During the
1982:
1920:
1885:
1323:
1318:
1204:
1168:
1034:
774:
Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). "Latham Island: An
Ecological Note".
739:
Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). "Latham Island: An
Ecological Note".
704:
Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). "Latham Island: An
Ecological Note".
669:
Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). "Latham Island: An Ecological Note".
595:
Gwynne, M. D; Parker, I. S. C; Wood, D. G (1970). "Latham Island: An Ecological Note".
383:
366:
274:. Except for those parts where the guano is new and soft with a consistency similar to
235:
and is oceanic, as it lies off the continental shelf and is surrounded by deep water.
2063:
1962:
1952:
1910:
1890:
1712:
1209:
1115:
1081:
1029:
937:
916:
228:
97:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1905:
1039:
406:
402:
330:
287:
216:
386:
Foreign Office, and it is unlikely that any guano was removed from the island. A
255:
season, the bank is reported to move as much as feet of the bank can be exposed.
242:
level and is oblong in shape with its long axis facing north and south. The main
900:
875:
299:
286:
The island is an important breeding ground for various bird species, namely the
1404:
647:
387:
295:
16:
Protected island of Kigamboni District in the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania
655:
124:
111:
1173:
895:
865:
846:
314:
271:
1439:
942:
885:
398:
248:
200:
192:
77:
401:
than usual Peruvian guano, albeit it did compare to that collected from
870:
795:
760:
725:
690:
616:
319:
252:
224:
1188:
890:
805:
259:
220:
787:
752:
717:
682:
608:
526:
513:
446:
310:. Latham is also thought to be of importance for nesting turtles.
267:
243:
1050:
275:
239:
232:
1408:
1054:
809:
326:, which might have eliminated the whole rat population.
262:
with shards of unmodified coral bonded together with
195:. The island geographically considered a part of the
2013:
1856:
1698:
1572:
1446:
1337:
1306:
1280:
1229:
1197:
1161:
1088:
1017:
1003:
956:
930:
909:
853:
632:"The status of seabirds at Latham Island, Tanzania"
156:
148:
140:
103:
93:
65:
21:
357:, together with the southern Tanzanian islands of
238:The island is 3 metres (9.8 ft) above spring
219:located 66 km (41 mi) south-east of
2034:Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA)
1420:
1066:
821:
8:
345:, the island also goes by a number of other
183:) is an isolated island 43 km east of
2026:Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA)
1427:
1413:
1405:
1073:
1059:
1051:
828:
814:
806:
18:
2021:Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
461:"The Tanzanian National Sea Level Report"
349:names, the most noteworthy of which are
418:
373:. It is believed to have appeared on a
223:and 43.3 km (27 mi) east of
2039:Marine Parks and Reserves Unit (MPRU)
1267:Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology
161:Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar
49:
7:
2030:Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS)
1876:Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park
1376:
1288:Julius Nyerere International Airport
203:, it was once politically under the
64:
1221:1998 United States embassy bombings
427:"No dispute over the Latham Island"
258:The main plateau is constructed of
1262:Dar es Salaam School of Journalism
1247:International School of Tanganyika
14:
2047:Ngorongoro Conservation Authority
636:African Journal of Marine Science
1387:
1375:
1364:
1363:
70:
48:
41:
31:V (protected landscape/seascape)
2085:Uninhabited islands of Tanzania
1242:Shaaban Robert Secondary School
527:https://doi.org/10.2307/1796284
514:https://doi.org/10.2307/1796284
447:https://doi.org/10.2307/1796284
147:
92:
1215:Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial House
546:. BirdLife International. 2021
1:
1974:Mafia Islands Marine Reserve
1272:College of Business Education
529:. Accessed 10 September 2023.
516:. Accessed 10 September 2023.
449:. Accessed 10 September 2023.
302:, and has been designated an
1881:Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve
1866:Tanga Coelacanth Marine Park
1345:Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve
2075:Coastal islands of Tanzania
2003:Menai Bay Conservation Area
1314:National Museum of Tanzania
1252:University of Dar es Salaam
1237:Open University of Tanzania
2101:
2080:Geography of Dar es Salaam
2043:Tanzania Wildlife Division
177:Kisiwa cha Fungu Kizimkazi
1358:
843:
648:10.2989/18142320609504137
566:"Bird Life International"
493:"Bird Life International"
324:2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
36:
26:
1994:Zanzibar Marine Reserve
1871:Mafia Island Marine Park
776:The Geographical Journal
741:The Geographical Journal
706:The Geographical Journal
671:The Geographical Journal
597:The Geographical Journal
215:Latham Island is a flat
931:National Historic Sites
1701:nature forest reserves
1004:Major Cities and Towns
371:Songosongo Archipelago
329:On Mait Island in the
308:BirdLife International
227:, Kigamboni District,
205:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1933:Tanga Marine Reserve
1257:College of Education
292:greater crested tern
197:Zanzibar Archipelago
189:Dar es Salaam Region
83:Dar es Salaam Region
57:location in Tanzania
1699:Forest reserves and
459:Mahongo, Shigalla.
304:Important Bird Area
171:, known locally as
157:Governing body
121: /
1998:Chumbe Marine Park
1544:Udzungwa Mountains
1350:Pande Game Reserve
837:Kigamboni District
544:BirdLife Data Zone
395:Imperial Institute
185:Kigamboni District
88:Kigamboni District
2057:
2056:
1818:Uluguru Mountains
1564:Rumanyika-Karagwe
1469:Jozani Chwaka Bay
1402:
1401:
1293:Bus rapid transit
1048:
1047:
1025:Makatumbi Islands
987:Mbaranyange River
922:Ndengereko people
363:Mafia Archipelago
264:calcium phosphate
166:
165:
94:Nearest city
2092:
1758:West Kilimanjaro
1640:Mpanga-Kipengere
1610:Lukwika-Lumesule
1494:Mahale Mountains
1429:
1422:
1415:
1406:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1052:
969:Mbalajangi River
957:Rivers and Lakes
830:
823:
816:
807:
800:
799:
771:
765:
764:
736:
730:
729:
701:
695:
694:
666:
660:
659:
627:
621:
620:
592:
586:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
562:
556:
555:
553:
551:
536:
530:
523:
517:
510:
504:
503:
501:
499:
489:
483:
482:
480:
478:
473:on 16 March 2014
472:
466:. Archived from
465:
456:
450:
443:
437:
436:
434:
433:
423:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
125:6.900°S 39.933°E
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
76:
74:
73:
52:
51:
45:
19:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2070:IUCN Category V
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2009:
1858:
1852:
1700:
1694:
1568:
1442:
1436:Protected areas
1433:
1403:
1398:
1393:Tanzania Portal
1354:
1333:
1329:Askari Monument
1302:
1276:
1225:
1193:
1157:
1084:
1079:
1049:
1044:
1013:
999:
952:
948:Mbutu Bandarini
926:
905:
849:
839:
834:
804:
803:
788:10.2307/1796284
773:
772:
768:
753:10.2307/1796284
738:
737:
733:
718:10.2307/1796284
703:
702:
698:
683:10.2307/1796284
668:
667:
663:
629:
628:
624:
609:10.2307/1796284
594:
593:
589:
584:
580:
570:
568:
564:
563:
559:
549:
547:
540:"Latham Island"
538:
537:
533:
524:
520:
511:
507:
497:
495:
491:
490:
486:
476:
474:
470:
463:
458:
457:
453:
444:
440:
431:
429:
425:
424:
420:
415:
351:Fungu la Mbarak
343:Fungu Kizimkazi
341:In addition to
339:
284:
213:
173:Fungu Kizimkazi
129:
127:
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
86:
81:
71:
69:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
53:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Udzungwa Scarp
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Saanane Island
1526:
1521:
1519:Rubondo Island
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1447:National Parks
1444:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1338:National Parks
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1324:Uhuru Monument
1321:
1319:Nyerere Bridge
1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1205:Kunduchi Ruins
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1035:Kimbubu Island
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:Pumbweni River
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
958:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
913:
911:
910:Native Peoples
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
855:
851:
850:
845:Headquarters:
844:
841:
840:
835:
833:
832:
825:
818:
810:
802:
801:
782:(2): 247–251.
766:
747:(2): 247–251.
731:
712:(2): 247–251.
696:
677:(2): 247–251.
661:
622:
603:(2): 247–251.
587:
578:
557:
531:
518:
505:
484:
451:
438:
417:
416:
414:
411:
367:Fanjove Island
355:Seyid Barghash
338:
335:
283:
280:
212:
209:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
130:-6.900; 39.933
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
67:
63:
62:
56:
47:
46:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2097:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:Organizations
2012:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Mount Longido
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
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1573:Game reserves
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1210:Kimbiji Ruins
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1082:Dar es Salaam
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938:Kimbiji Ruins
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642:(1): 99–108.
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98:Dar es Salaam
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68:
44:
35:
30:
29:IUCN category
25:
22:Latham Island
20:
1968:Tanga Island
1925:
1901:Fungu Yasini
1859:and reserves
1857:Marine parks
1838:Mount Rungwe
1803:Mount Hanang
1778:West Chenene
1559:Burigi-Chato
1549:Ugalla River
1489:Lake Manyara
1459:Gombe Stream
1386:
1374:
1362:
1040:Sinda Island
996:Shungu River
993:Msinga River
978:Kidete River
972:Mumani River
966:Ukooni River
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569:. Retrieved
560:
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496:. Retrieved
487:
475:. Retrieved
468:the original
454:
441:
430:. Retrieved
421:
407:South Africa
403:Saldanha Bay
392:
380:
359:Shungu Mbili
350:
342:
340:
331:Gulf of Aden
328:
312:
288:masked booby
285:
257:
237:
217:coral island
214:
176:
172:
168:
167:
1978:Shungumbili
1733:Kazimzumbwi
1718:Lake Duluti
1680:Swaga Swaga
1479:Kilimanjaro
981:Nguva River
975:Potea River
963:Mwera River
901:Pemba Mnazi
876:Kisarawe II
550:27 February
300:brown noddy
149:Established
128: /
104:Coordinates
2064:Categories
1788:Essimingor
1783:ChemiChemi
1728:Pugu Hills
1723:Biharamulo
1650:Ngorongoro
1625:Mkungunero
1116:Government
1089:Categories
432:2023-09-10
413:References
388:rouge wave
375:Portuguese
315:Brown rats
296:sooty tern
272:phosphates
152:March 2007
1916:Makatumbi
1896:Pangavini
1793:Kilombero
1773:Kilombero
1763:Kilombero
1743:Kilombero
1600:Liparamba
1590:Kijereshi
1539:Tarangire
1534:Serengeti
1307:Landmarks
1281:Transport
1230:Education
1217:, Mzimuni
1179:Kinondoni
1174:Kigamboni
1162:Districts
1148:Transport
1133:Landmarks
1111:Education
1101:Districts
1096:Buildings
1010:Kigamboni
896:Somangila
881:Kigamboni
866:Vijibweni
847:Somangila
656:1814-232X
211:Geography
1988:Barakuni
1848:Meru-Usa
1753:Mwambesi
1635:Moyowosi
1630:Msanjesi
1585:Ikorongo
1440:Tanzania
1369:Category
1126:Timeline
943:Mbuamaji
886:Mjimwema
571:16 March
498:16 March
477:16 March
399:nitrogen
382:and the
320:seabirds
298:and the
249:sandbank
201:Tanzania
193:Tanzania
78:Tanzania
66:Location
1983:Nyororo
1921:Kimbubu
1886:Bongoyo
1843:Magamba
1798:Minziro
1768:Pindiro
1738:Vikindu
1605:Lukwati
1580:Grumeti
1524:Saadani
1509:Nyerere
1504:Mkomazi
1381:Commons
1198:History
1121:History
1106:Economy
1018:Islands
871:Kimbiji
796:1796284
761:1796284
726:1796284
691:1796284
617:1796284
384:British
369:of the
361:of the
347:Swahili
337:History
282:Ecology
253:monsoon
225:Kimbiji
187:in the
181:Swahili
144:0.03 km
116:39°56′E
1963:Maziwi
1953:Ulenge
1926:Latham
1911:Kendwa
1891:Mbudya
1813:Mkingu
1685:Uwanda
1675:Selous
1670:Rungwa
1645:Muhesi
1595:Kizigo
1554:Kigosi
1499:Mikumi
1484:Kitulo
1474:Katavi
1454:Arusha
1189:Ubungo
1184:Temeke
1143:Sports
1138:People
891:Kibada
794:
759:
724:
689:
654:
615:
365:, and
260:oolite
221:Unguja
113:6°54′S
75:
1958:Yambe
1948:Kwale
1943:Mwewe
1938:Kirui
1906:Sinda
1833:Chome
1808:Rondo
1708:Amani
1690:Pande
1665:Rukwa
1655:Pande
1620:Maswa
1615:Lwafi
1514:Ruaha
1169:Ilala
1153:Wards
861:Tungi
854:Wards
792:JSTOR
757:JSTOR
722:JSTOR
687:JSTOR
613:JSTOR
471:(PDF)
464:(PDF)
268:guano
244:coral
179:, in
1828:Nilo
1660:Piti
652:ISSN
573:2014
552:2021
500:2014
479:2014
393:The
276:peat
240:tide
233:reef
141:Area
1748:Rau
1438:of
784:doi
780:136
749:doi
745:136
714:doi
710:136
679:doi
675:136
644:doi
605:doi
601:136
306:by
199:of
191:of
2066::
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720:.
708:.
685:.
673:.
650:.
640:28
638:.
634:.
611:.
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542:.
405:,
294:,
290:,
1428:e
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681::
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481:.
435:.
175:(
85:,
80:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
