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164:. Most casta paintings were on multiple canvases, with one family grouping on each. There were a handful of single canvas paintings, showing the entire racial hierarchy. The paintings show idealized family groupings, with the father being of one racial, the mother of another racial category, and their offspring being a third racial category. This genre of painting flourished for about a century, coming to an end with Mexican independence in 1821, and the abolition of legal racial categories.
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1695:(The Maids of Honor), contains a self-portrait of Botero standing behind a large canvas. The thick, "puffy" presidential family, decked out in fashionable finery and staring blandly out of the canvas, appear socially superior, drawing attention to social inequality. According to Botero, his "puffy" figures are not meant to be satirical. He painted a powerful series of canvases, which are based on photos of torture by the U.S. military of Iraqi prisoners at
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1195:, a Western art movement typified by the rejection of traditional classical styles. This movement holds an ambivalent position in Latin American art. Not all countries developed modernized urban centers at the same time, so Modernism's appearance in Latin America is difficult to date. While Modernism was welcomed by some, others rejected it. Generally speaking, the countries of the
197:. They traveled for five years throughout Spanish America (1799-1804), exploring and recording scientific information as well as the attire and lifestyles local populations. Humboldt's work became an inspiration and template for continuing scientific work in the nineteenth century, as well as traveller reporters who recorded the scenes of everyday life.
1273:. Attracting a circle of experienced peers and young artists as followers in Montevideo, in 1935 he founded the Asociación de Arte Constructivo as an art center and exhibition space for his circle. The venue was closed in 1940 due to a lack of funding. In 1943, he opened the Taller Torres-García, a workshop and training center that operated until 1962.
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contemporain le pouvoir représenté dans le miroir à travers deux personnages : le pape Jean Paul II accompagné par son invité au
Vatican Kurt Waldheim (visite qui avait fait scandale en 1987), l'ancien secrétaire général de l'ONU de 1972 à 1981 dont le passé nazi ne fut pas un obstacle pour devenir président de l'Autriche en 1986.
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1468:. Although, Kahlo did not commend this label, once saying, "They thought I was a Surrealist, but I wasn't. I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality." Kahlo's work commands the highest selling price of all Latin American paintings, and the second-highest for any female artist. Other female Mexican Surrealists include
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Mais que peuvent bien tramer ces deux femmes et tous les personnages du fond ? Manifestement liés au Fonds Monétaire
International, institution chargée depuis 1944 de réguler le système monétaire de la planète, sans doute délibèrent-ils doctement sur son devenir, en particulier celui des régions
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Le pouvoir est critiqué de plusieurs façons : grâce au déplacement des personnages comme nous avons pu le constater dans le cas de l'infante
Marguerite ; et aussi par le remplacement des personnages le plus puissants de la scène : le couple royal reflété dans le miroir. Braun-Vega rend
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from 1652. Gironella's parodies critique the
Spanish rule of Mexico by incorporating subversive imagery. ‘’La Reina de los Yugos’’ or "The Queen of Yokes" (1975–81) depicts Mariana with a skirt made of upside-down ox yokes, signifying both Spanish dominance over Mexico's indigenous peoples, and those
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lived together and shared a studio in Buenos Aires. Artists of Otra
Figuración worked in an expressionistic abstract figurative style featuring vivid colors and collage. Although Otra Figuración were contemporaries of Nueva Presencia, there was no direct contact between the two groups. People who are
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or "Rupture
Generation," (sometimes simply known as "Ruptura") is the name given to an art movement in Mexico in the 1960s in which younger artists broke away from the established national style of Muralismo. Born out of the desire of younger artists for greater freedom of style in art, this movement
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The history of Latin
American art has generally been written by those with training in art history departments. However, the concept of "visual culture" has now brought scholars trained in other disciplines to write the histories of art. As with the history of indigenous peoples, for many years there
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The deformation you see is the result of my involvement with painting. The monumental and, in my eyes, sensually provocative volumes stem from this. Whether they appear fat or not does not interest me. It has hardly any meaning for my painting. My concern is with formal fullness, abundance. And that
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and the atomic bomb, the artists of Nueva
Presencia shared an anti-aesthetic rejection of contemporary trends in art and believed that the artist had a social responsibility. Their beliefs were outlined in the Nueva Presencia manifesto, which was published in the first issue of the poster review of
241:) art production, then a leap to the twentieth century. More recently, the colonial era and the nineteenth century have developed as fields of focus. Visual culture as a field increasingly crosses disciplinary boundaries. Colonial architecture has been the subject of a number of important studies.
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1733:, transporting it outside to the countryside and substituting for certain characters from the original painting, contemporary Latin American characters who refer to the social and political situation of South America as confirmed by the texts of the press clippings transfers of the newspaper
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European classical art styles have made a long-lasting impression on the art of Latin
America. Into the twentieth century, many Latin American artists continued to be schooled in the traditional 19th-century style, resulting in a continued emphasis on figurative work. Due to the far reach of
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works can be found in Mexico, Colombia, New York, San
Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia. Mexican Muralism "enjoyed a type of prestige and influence in other countries that no other American art movement had ever experienced." Through Muralism, artists in Latin America found a
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Colonial art has a long tradition, especially in Mexico, with there being publications of Manuel Toussaint. In recent years, there has been a boom in publications on colonial art, with some useful overviews being published in recent years. Many works deal exclusively with Spanish America.
186:. Local artists were Ecuadorean Indians, who produced five thousand color drawings of nature, all being published. The crown chartered expedition whose purpose was scientific recording of the natural beauty and wealth of Nature, was a departure from the long traditional religious art.
49:
that inhabited the Americas before European colonization in the 16th century. The indigenous cultures each developed sophisticated artistic disciplines, which were highly influenced by religious and spiritual concerns. Their work is collectively known and referred to as
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paintings. It was almost exclusively a Mexican form however, one set was produced in Peru. In a break from religious paintings of the preceding centuries, casta paintings were a secular art form. Only one known casta painting by a relatively unknown painter,
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people's subversion of Spanish rule. The yokes are rendered useless by being upturned. " hallmark was the use of particular Spanish Grocery cans (sardines, mussels, etc.) in his works, and soda bottle caps nailed or glued around the rim of his paintings."
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1449:, an artistic movement originating in post-World War I Europe, strongly impacted the art of Latin America. This is where the Mestizo culture, the legacy of European conquer over indigenous peoples, embodies contradiction, a central value of Surrealism.
1218:, Brazil, in 1922, marking the beginning of Brazil's Modernismo movement. "hough a number of individual Brazilian artists were doing modernist work before the Week, it coalesced and defined the movement and introduced it to Brazilian society at large."
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Inspiré du collage cubiste, le fragment du journal Le Monde oriente la lecture d'une situation historiquement datée (les années soixante), mais toujours actuelle, le combat des mouvements de libération populaire contre l'arbitraire d'un régime
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1681:, whose work features unique "puffy" figures in various situations addressing themes of power, war, and social issues, has used this technique to draw parallels between current governing bodies and the Spanish monarchy. His 1967 painting
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of works of the old masters is almost systematic from the 1970s. The characters he borrows from the iconography of European painting are often confronted with the social and political situation of Latin America. In his painting
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in the 17th century. These parodies serve a dual purpose, referring to the artistic and cultural history of Latin America, and critiquing the legacy of European cultural imperialism in Latin American nations. Artists
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After a long and successful career in Europe and the United States, Torres García returned to his native Uruguay in 1934, where he both promoted Constructivism and augmented it into a uniquely Uruguayan movement:
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The fact that a painter uses the works of other painters as subjects for his paintings is not new. What is new is to deepen this procedure and make it, forcing a little the term, a system.
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1575:, only naming a few. While these artists confront issues that range from the personal to the political, many have a shared interest in indigenous issues and the heritage of European
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associated with the colonial period began to fade in the early twentieth century, as Latin Americans began to acknowledge their unique identity and started to follow their own path.
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Voyage de Humboldt et de Bonpland, Première Partie; Relation Historique: Atlas Pittoresque: 'Vues de Cordillères et monuments de peuples indigènes de l'Amérique', Paris 1810
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1388:("The Cactus Curtain"), which condemned Mexican muralism as overly political, calling it "cheap journalism and harangue" rather than art. Representative artists include
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In the seventeenth century, The Netherlands had captured the rich sugar-producing area of the Portuguese colony of Brazil (1630–1654). During that period, Dutch artist
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Since roughly the 1970s, artists from all parts of Latin America have made important contributions to international contemporary art, from conceptual sculptors like
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system of racial hierarchy in eighteenth-century Mexico, by Ignacio María Barreda. Most sets of casta paintings were individual canvases showing only one family.
1806:' paintings, etchings, installations, collages, and digital animation often tackle taboo subjects in contemporary Cuban society such as racism, mass migration,
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painted a number of important depictions of social types in Brazil. These depictions included images of indigenous men and women, as well as still lifes.
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distinctive art form that provided for political and cultural expression, often focusing on issues of social justice related to their indigenous roots.
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is the combined artistic expression of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America, as well as Latin Americans living in other regions.
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1657:. A common practice among Latin American figurative artists is to parody Old Master paintings, especially those of the Spanish court produced by
1433:(b. 1936), Emilio Ortiz (b. 1936), Leonel Góngora (b.1933), Artemio Sepúlveda (b. 1936), and José Muñoz, and photographer Ignacio "Nacho" López.
2731:"La culture populaire péruvienne à l'intérieur de la tradition artistique européenne. Passage et métissage dans la peinture d'Herman Braun-Vega"
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is viewed as the first center of European-style painting in the Americas. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spanish art instructors taught
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is a noted Peruvian fashion photographer. In addition, a number of non-Latin American photographers have focused on the area, including
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Baddeley, Oriana & Fraser, Valerie. Drawing the Line: Art and Cultural Identity in Contemporary Latin America. London: Verso, 1989.
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Scientific expeditions approved by the Spanish crown began exploring Spanish America where its flora and fauna were recorded. Spaniard
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the same name. "No one, especially the artist, has the right to be indifferent to the social order." Members of the group included
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2780:"Bridging Past, Present, and Future: A Conversation with Cuban Artist Sandra Ramos | Kellogg Institute For International Studies"
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During those fifteen years, I worked with western iconography, trying to offer a testimony, a critique , of the social situation.
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were more open to foreign influence, while countries with a stronger indigenous presence such as Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and
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Dean, Carolyn and Dana Leibsohn, "Hybridity and Its Discontents: Considering Visual Culture in Colonial Spanish America,"
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3060:(in Spanish). Mexico D.F.: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes.
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Stanton L. Catlin, "Traveller-Reporter Artists and the Empirical tradition in Post Independence Latin American Art" in
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Muralism or Muralismo is an important artistic movement generated in Latin America. It is popularly represented by the
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2534:. Exhibition catalog. Madrid: Sociedad Estatal para la Conmemoración de los Centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V, 1999.
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1138:. Private collection. The painting shows a boy from the coast, likely Veracruz, holding a basket of fruits including
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is marked by expressionistic and figurative styles. Mexican artist José Luis Cuevas is credited with initiating the
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2386:. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 1948. 5th edition 1990.
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into a critic of the power of the Church by replacing the royal couple in the mirror of the back of the room by
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147:, Mexican artists along with a few Spanish artists produced paintings of a system of racial hierarchy, known as
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1794:, also produced parodies of official Spanish court paintings. He completed dozens of versions of Velásquez's
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Art in Latin America has often been used as a means of social and political critique. Mexican graphic artist
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Bessière, Bernard; Megevand, Sylvie; Bessière, Christiane (2008). "Los Caprichos del FMI (Goya, Picasso)".
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1586:(Other Figuration), an Argentine artist group and commune formed in 1961 and disbanded in 1966. Members
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54:. The blending of Amerindian, European and African cultures has resulted in a unique Mestizo tradition.
1870:, and compiled an extensive archive of Mexican photos. Other photographers include indigenous Peruvian
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160:; this being an exception. Some of Mexico's most distinguished artists painted casta works, including
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of Argentina. A number of Latin Americans have made significant contributions to modern photography.
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574:(French) "L’execution de la Punition du Fouet" ("Execution of the Punishment of the Whip") (Brazil)
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photographed Mexican colonial buildings and infrastructure, such as the railway bridge at Metlac.
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Lettered Artists and the Languages of Empire: Painters and the Profession in Early Colonial Quito
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Lucie-Smith, Edward. Latin American Art of the 20th Century. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1993.
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The Open-Air Churches of Sixteenth-Century Mexico: Atrios, Posas, Open Chapels, and Other Studies
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Photographers captured on film, indigenous peoples as well as distinct social types, such as the
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2522:. Exhibition catalog. New York: The Brooklyn Museum in association with Harry N. Abrams. 1996.
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182:, led an expedition starting in 1784 to northern South America, the expedition is known as the
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painted self-portraits and depictions of traditional Mexican culture in a style that combines
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759:(Venezuela). Muleteer and Hat Weaver in Vélez. 1850. watercolor. National Library of Colombia
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The Word Made Image: Religion, Art, and Architecture in Spain and Spanish America, 1500-1600
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589:(French) "Feitors corrigeant des negres" ("Plantation overseers disciplining blacks") Brazil
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From the early twentieth century onward, the art of Latin America was greatly inspired by
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Dimensions of the Americas: Art and Social Change in Latin America and the United States
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was a prolific muralist, painting over 100 murals in the country. The Ecuadorian artist
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Major exhibitions on colonial art have resulted in fine catalogs as a permanent record.
113:, the development of Latin American visual art was significantly influenced by Spanish,
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2754:(in French) (Éditions du temps ed.). Nantes: éditions du temps. pp. 270–274.
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Presidio, Mission, and Pueblo: Spanish Architecture and Urbanism in the United States
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which structures the feet of the corpse in the cubist way. In 1987, in his painting
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2714:[Interpicturality in some Braun-Vega paintings] (in French). sens public.
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Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la partie la plus intéressante du Mexique
2638:"Frida Kahlo - Surrealist Conflict | PDF | Surrealism | Paintings"
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The Social and the Real: Political Art of the 1930s in the Western Hemisphere
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traditions and European influences (mainly due to the Christian teachings of
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The Architecture of Conquest: Building in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1535–1635
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figuration, the work often spans upon a number of different styles such as
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in the Vatican. Among many other examples, we can still cite the painting
1541:(from Puerto Rico), to artists working in media like photography, such as
178:, a medical doctor and horticulturalist and follower of Swedish scientist
62:
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Drawing the Line: Art and Cultural Identity in Contemporary Latin America
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2484:. Exhibition catalog. Corpus Christi TX: Art Museum of South Texas 1979.
1257:. It quickly spread from Russia to Europe, and then into Latin America.
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have been credited with bringing the constructivism to Latin America.
2690:"Herman Braun: trato de ofrecer un testimonio de la situación social"
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is one of the most important painters of the century in Latin America
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Vicente Alban. Spanish woman and her black slave. Quito, 18th century
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2559:. Exhibition catalog. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art 2006.
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Spain and New Spain: Mexican Colonial Arts in their European Context
327:, detail, c. 1675–1690, Church of la Compañía de Jesús, Cuzco, Peru.
2208:, London: South Bank Center 1989, pp. 43-45, color plate 3.2 p. 44.
2509:. Exhibition catalog. New York: Americas Society Art Gallery 1996.
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Anreus, Alejandro, Diana L. Linden, and Jonathan Weinberg, eds.
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Arte Indocristiano, Escultura y pintura del siglo XVI en México
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in the early 1960s. In response to WWII atrocities such as the
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Cambios: The Spirit of Transformation in Spanish Colonial Art
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New World Orders: Casta Painting and Colonial Latin America
3185:
3027:
Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States
2232:"Fundada la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro"
212:, was founded by Alejandro Ramírez, and the French painter
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Los Siglos de Oro en los Virreinatos de América, 1550-1700
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Art and Architecture of Viceregal Latin America, 1521-1821
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Art and Architecture of Viceregal Latin America, 1521–1821
954:. González is considered one of Chile's greatest painters.
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artists to paint religious imagery based on classical and
105:
friars) produced a very particular Christian art known as
2712:"L'interpicturalité dans quelques tableaux de Braun-Vega"
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Los Siglos de oro en los Virreinatos de América 1550–1700
325:
The Marriage of Captain Martin de Loyola to Beatriz Ñusta
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De Bonampak al Templo Mayor: El azul maya en Mesoamérica
2971:
Converging Cultures: Art and Identity in Spanish America
2520:
Converging Cultures: Art and Identity in Spanish America
1416:("new presence") was an artist group founded by artists
3043:. Exhibition Catalog, Santa Barbara Museum of Art 1992.
2903:
History of South American Colonial Art and Architecture
2733:(in French). Amerika – via OpenEdition Journals.
2397:
History of South American Colonial Art and Architecture
121:. In turn Baroque painting was often influenced by the
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Native Artists and Patrons in Colonial Spanish America
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A landmark event for Modernism in the region was, the
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Latineos - Latin America, Caribbean, arts and culture
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Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945
2547:. Exhibition catalog. Denver: Denver Art Museum 2004.
2191:
Dawn Ades, "Nature, Science, and the Picturesque" in
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and social injustices in contemporary Cuban society.
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The most important scientific expedition was that of
3191:
Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 1520-1820
2973:. (exhibition catalogue Brooklyn Museum of Art 1996.
2860:. University Park: Penn State University Press 2006.
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Painting a New World: Mexican Art and Life 1521–1821
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2966:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2008.
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Las castas mexicanas: Un género pictórico americano
2454:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2008.
2347:. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press 2004.
2334:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1994.
2169:
Museu Histórico Nacional. (retrieved 30 April 2009)
3048:Inverted Utopias: Avant Garde Art in Latin America
2141:Visual arts by indigenous peoples of South America
1739:Double focus over the West (Velazquez and Picasso)
1645:drew harsh images of Mexican elites as skeletons,
2623:
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2412:. Davenport IA: The Davenport Museum of Art 1998.
1775:are featured to criticize the sermonizers of the
1358:are also noteworthy. Some of the most impressive
3142:Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Art
3105:. Gainesville: University of Florida Press 1999.
2924:A History of Latin American Art and Architecture
2784:Kellog Institute at The University of Notre Dame
2308:. 2 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press 1948.
1949:Inca Land. Explorations in the Highlands of Peru
225:was a focus on either the pre-Columbian period (
3081:(in Spanish). Mexico D.F.: Siglo XXI editores.
3021:Latin American Artists of the Twentieth Century
2837:Art in Latin America: The Modern Era, 1820-1980
2206:Art in Latin America: The Modern Era, 1820-1980
2193:Art in Latin America: The Modern Era, 1820–1980
220:Historiography of colonial art and architecture
3034:Conexiones/Connections in Spanish Colonial Art
2931:Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990
2595:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2001.
1653:, strongly influencing later artists, such as
1472:(a British woman who relocated to Mexico) and
479:(German) Drawing of volcano and climatic zones
3211:
3008:Urban Images of the Hispanic World, 1493-1793
2423:Urban Images of the Hispanic World, 1493–1793
2360:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989.
2306:Mexican Architecture of the Sixteenth Century
1931:. Courret Hermanos Fotogs., Lima, Peru (1868)
1685:, is an early example. The painting, echoing
1100:Meseu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro
356:José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda
8:
2996:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1994.
415:. Oil on canvas. Private collection. 18th c.
413:painting, From Spaniard and Mulatta, Morisca
3111:. Exh. cat. Madrid: Museo de América, 1999.
3046:Ramírez, Mari Carmen and Héctor Olea, eds.
2946:Latin American Art in the Twentieth Century
2373:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1949.
2371:Colonial Architecture and Sculpture in Peru
2321:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1965.
1441:The French poet and founder of Surrealism,
1384:. In 1958, Cuevas published a paper called
1013:The Three Races or, Equality before the Law
303:Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory,
3691:
3548:
3492:
3433:
3409:
3240:
3218:
3204:
3196:
3151:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2017.
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
1500:have also been classified as Surrealists.
490:Gallery – Foreign artists in Latin America
2898:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2001.
2471:. Phoenix: Arizona State University 1995.
1392:, Alberto Gironella, and Rafael Coronel.
89:During the colonial period, a mixture of
3050:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.
3010:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2000.
2989:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2004.
2933:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2002.
2846:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2014.
2842:Alcalá, Luisa Elena and Jonathan Brown.
2839:. New Haven: Yale University Press 1989.
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2425:. New Haven: Yale University Press 2000.
2238:(in European Spanish). September 7, 2018
2195:, London: South Bank Center 1989, 64–65.
2182:, New Haven: Yale University Press 2005.
1603:sometimes associated with the group are
870:Paraguay: Image of Your Desolate Country
45:The art has roots in the many different
17:
2767:pudiquement nommées «en développement».
2152:
1943:Martín Chambi (Peru) photo of a man at
1917:
1730:The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
1582:One movement devoted to figuration was
1502:
746:
493:
255:
3144:. New York: Grove's Dictionaries 2000.
2896:Twentieth-Century Art of Latin America
2675:(in Spanish). Peru: Caballo Rojo: 14.
2593:Twentieth Century Art of Latin America
2410:Treasures of Mexican Colonial Painting
1858:photograph the Brazilian religiosity.
3103:Latin American Art: Ancient to Modern
2987:Readings in Latin American Modern Art
2926:. New York and Washington, D.C. 1969.
1721:La leçon... à la campagne (Rembrandt)
1537:(from Puerto Rico), to painters like
1350:(a student of Orozco), the Brazilian
619:(Italian) Apache chief. Mexico 1828.
506:(German) Costumes in Rio, Brazil 1823
7:
3039:Palmer, Gabrielle and Donna Pierce.
2844:Painting in Latin America: 1550-1820
2657:9 Nov 2005 (retrieved 18 April 2009)
2557:The Arts in Latin America: 1492–1820
2463:Emily Umbeger and Tom Cummins, eds.
2258:"Art Schools: San Alejandro Academy"
1674:frequently employed this technique.
1203:were resistant to European culture.
184:Expedición Botánica de Nueva Granada
3075:Reyes-Valerio, Constantino (1993).
3054:Reyes-Valerio, Constantino (2000).
3015:Baroque and Rococo in Latin America
2851:Historia del Arte Hispano-Americano
2667:Ramón Ribeyro, Julio (1981-05-17).
2332:The Colonial Architecture of Mexico
2121:Chilote School of Religious Imagery
2282:"Cuban Art: History & Artists"
1623:Parody and sociopolitical critique
1476:(a Spanish exile). Mexican artist
521:(German) Slave hunter, Brazil 1823
309:, 17th century, collection of the
14:
2999:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
2948:. London: Phaidon Press Limited.
2917:The Spanish Arts of Latin America
2469:Phoebus: A Journal of Art History
1882:, famous for his iconic image of
1723:in 1984, he takes the scene from
1452:The widely known Mexican painter
2729:Cárdenas Moreno, Mónica (2016).
2696:(in Spanish). Lima. 1984-11-30.
2395:Damian Bayon and Murrillo Marx,
1979:
1956:
1936:
1920:
1866:himself took many images of the
1786:, whose style mixes elements of
1705:is something entirely different.
1505:
1214:, a festival that took place in
1182:La Muerte de Girardot en Bárbula
1154:
1124:
1105:
1086:
1067:
1045:
1019:
1001:
978:
959:
940:
921:
898:
877:
858:
840:
821:
802:
783:
764:
749:
743:Gallery – Latin American artists
723:
693:
670:
647:
624:
609:
594:
579:
564:
545:
526:
511:
496:
469:
450:
445:African Woman in Brazil, 17th c.
435:
430:, Tupi (Brazil) dancing, 17th c.
420:
398:
389:painting, showing intermarriage
375:
363:
347:
332:
317:
295:
273:
258:
156:, combines castas with Mexico's
2889:. New York: Phaidon Press 2005.
2480:Linda Bantel and Marcus Burke,
1970:, with arms linked to his wife
1898:in Mexico. Guatemalan national
1761:Los caprichos del F.M.I. (Goya)
1689:'s 1656 Spanish court painting
342:, Peru, anonymous, 18th century
283:illustration of the meeting of
81:Single canvas depiction of the
3118:. London: Phaidon Press, 2000.
3029:. New York: Bronx Museum 1989.
2938:Colonial Latin American Review
2853:. 3 vols. (Barcelona 1945-56).
2849:Angulo-Iñiguez, Diego, et al.
2751:La peinture hispano-américaine
2493:María Concepción García Sáiz,
2106:List of Latin American artists
1782:Mexican painter and collagist
604:(French) Family dining, Brazil
464:, ca. 1799. Congonhas do Campo
1:
3124:Latin American Drawings Today
2887:Art of Colonial Latin America
2608:London: Phaidon Press, 2000.
2439:Art of Colonial Latin America
1902:has worked in Argentina with
1649:. This was done prior to the
1075:José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior
1061:Museu Nacional de Belas Artes
1035:Museu Nacional de Belas Artes
265:Official portrait of Viceroy
3512:Central banks and currencies
3181:Museum of Latin American Art
2981:. Mexico D.F.: Spring Books.
1993:, 2002. Gelatin silver print
1677:Colombian figurative artist
1334:were influential muralists.
1166:View of the Valley of Mexico
1113:Victor Patricio de Landaluze
1057:Factory at Barão de Capanema
538:Capoeira or the Dance of War
3469:Liberalism and conservatism
3126:. San Diego Museum of Art.
2977:Fernández, Justino (1965).
2806:"US Welcomes Cuban Artists"
1777:International Monetary Fund
24:Presencia de América Latina
3796:
3464:International peacekeeping
3271:Latin American integration
2944:del Conde, Teresa (1996).
2885:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander.
2867:; Fraser, Valerie (1989).
2710:Valette-Fondo, Madeleine.
1280:
686:Views of Ancient Monuments
680:(British). Main temple at
3744:
3694:
3551:
3495:
3412:
2804:Staff, AiA (2010-10-07).
2399:. New York: Rizzoli 1989.
1836:on March 5, 1960, at the
1767:and some engravings from
1336:Santiago Martinez Delgado
1246:In general, the artistic
852:A Stop in the Countryside
393:a casta category. 18th c.
383:Mestizo, Mestiza, Mestizo
2962:Donahue-Wallace, Kelly.
2910:Iberian-American Baroque
2717:d'occupation-répression.
2217:Alexander von Humboldt,
1910:has garnered attention.
1375:Generación de la Ruptura
1368:Generación de la Ruptura
1271:Universal Constructivism
1184:, by Venezuelan painter
659:Plaza de la Constitución
202:Academy of San Alejandro
117:, and French and Dutch
3699:Countries by population
3256:Portuguese colonization
3122:Stofflet, Mary (1991).
2940:, vol. 12, No. 1, 2003.
2901:Bayón, D. and M. Marx.
2497:. Milan: Olivetti 1989.
2450:Kelly Donahue-Wallace,
2435:Gauvin Alexander Bailey
2384:Arte colonial en México
1710:Among Peruvian painter
1683:The Presidential Family
1496:, and Argentine artist
1338:championed muralism in
1222:Constructivist movement
948:Juan Francisco González
814:The Return of the Malón
642:. Mexico. Early 19th c.
33:Jorge González Camarena
3573:Latin American studies
3147:Webster, Susan Verdi.
3032:Padilla, Carmela, ed.
3023:. New York: MoMA 1992.
2441:. London: Phaidon 2005
2111:Latin American culture
1927:Photo of an Argentine
1843:
1765:El Tiempo y las viejas
1638:
1403:
1356:Miguel Alandia Pantoja
1312:David Alfaro Siqueiros
1299:
1243:
1208:Semana de Arte Moderna
1189:
1053:Agostinho José da Mota
1039:Brazilian academic art
992:artist, Veiled women (
935:and Lake. Late 19th c.
833:Payada en una pulpería
553:Johann Moritz Rugendas
534:Johann Moritz Rugendas
519:Johann Moritz Rugendas
504:Johann Moritz Rugendas
477:Alexander von Humboldt
191:Alexander von Humboldt
143:In eighteenth-century
86:
74:
36:
2894:Barnitz, Jacqueline.
2591:Barnitz, Jacqueline.
2543:Donna Pierce et al.,
2131:Paraguayan Indian art
1821:
1643:José Guadalupe Posada
1632:José Guadalupe Posada
1630:
1486:Mario Carreño Morales
1398:
1290:
1259:Joaquín Torres García
1236:Discovery of the Land
1229:
1180:
848:Prilidiano Pueyrredón
731:Frederic Edwin Church
701:Daniel Thomas Egerton
354:Viceroy of Peru, Don
80:
65:
21:
3527:Water and sanitation
3251:Spanish colonization
3171:"Latin American Art"
2985:Frank, Patrick, ed.
2256:WPnew (2018-11-27).
2160:The "Cusquenha" Art.
1966:taking a picture of
1900:María Cristina Orive
1577:cultural imperialism
1533:(from Colombia) and
1386:La Cortina del Nopal
1316:José Clemente Orozco
1292:José Clemente Orozco
1031:First Mass in Brazil
906:Alejandro Ciccarelli
678:Frederick Catherwood
663:Mexican–American War
602:Jean Baptiste Debret
587:Jean Baptiste Debret
572:Jean Baptiste Debret
462:Angel of the Passion
340:Our Lady of Bethelem
281:Guaman Poma de Ayala
214:Jean Baptiste Vermay
193:and French botanist
176:José Celestino Mutis
3261:French colonization
2992:Goldman, Shifra M.
2922:Castedo, Leopoldo.
2655:MetroActive: Books.
2606:Latin American Art.
1824:Guerrillero Heroico
1636:La Calavera Catrina
1240:Library of Congress
885:Manuel Antonio Caro
715:, 1838, now in the
267:Francisco de Toledo
158:Virgin of Guadalupe
47:indigenous cultures
3780:South American art
3775:Latin American art
3595:Race and ethnicity
3561:Illegal drug trade
3140:Turner, Jane, ed.
3116:Latin American Art
3114:Sullivan, Edward.
2604:Sullivan, Edward.
2382:Manuel Toussaint,
2165:2016-05-05 at the
1868:Mexican Revolution
1844:
1651:Mexican Revolution
1639:
1480:, Chilean artists
1470:Leonora Carrington
1404:
1348:Oswaldo Guayasamín
1300:
1244:
1242:, Washington, D.C.
1190:
1162:José María Velasco
1117:Cutting Sugar Cane
967:José Gil de Castro
891:Bernardo O'Higgins
889:The Abdication of
866:Juan Manuel Blanes
717:Franz Mayer Museum
485:Nineteenth-century
305:. Peru. Circle of
87:
75:
40:Latin American art
37:
3762:
3761:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3540:
3539:
3532:Wealth inequality
3482:
3481:
3454:Drug legalization
3449:Conservative wave
3425:
3424:
3401:
3400:
3378:League of Nations
3346:Foreign relations
3157:978-1-4773-1328-2
2969:Fane, Diana, ed.
2908:Bottineau, Yves.
2871:. London: Verso.
2761:978-2-84274-427-4
2614:978-0-7148-3980-6
2136:Pre-Columbian art
2126:Indochristian art
1876:Graciela Iturbide
1842:memorial service.
1828:Picture taken of
1784:Alberto Gironella
1753:Pope John Paul II
1712:Herman Braun-Vega
1672:Alberto Gironella
1668:Herman Braun-Vega
1549:Styles and trends
1535:Daniel Lind-Ramos
1498:Roberto Aizenberg
1478:Alberto Gironella
1352:Candido Portinari
1344:José Vela Zanetti
1232:Candido Portinari
1230:Brazilian artist
1094:Pedro Weingartner
996:) going to church
912:Santiago de Chile
810:Ángel Della Valle
757:Carmelo Fernández
307:Diego Quispe Tito
289:Francisco Pizarro
109:. In addition to
107:Indochristian art
52:Pre-Columbian art
3787:
3716:Spanish language
3692:
3549:
3493:
3434:
3410:
3276:Great Depression
3241:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3137:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3071:
3036:. Santa Fe 2002.
3017:. New York 1951.
3006:Kagan, Richard.
2982:
2959:
2919:. New York 1961.
2915:Cali, François.
2912:. New York 1970.
2905:. New York 1992.
2882:
2865:Baddeley, Oriana
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2776:
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2596:
2589:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2518:Diana Fane, ed.
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2356:Valerie Fraser.
2354:
2348:
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2335:
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2228:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2157:
2116:Mexican Muralism
2086:Puerto Rican art
1983:
1960:
1940:
1924:
1864:Agustín Casasola
1596:Jorge de la Vega
1525:Contemporary Art
1509:
1431:Francisco Corzas
1390:José Luis Cuevas
1304:Mexican muralism
1283:Mexican muralism
1158:
1128:
1109:
1090:
1071:
1049:
1037:, an example of
1027:Victor Meirelles
1023:
1005:
982:
963:
952:Calle de Limache
944:
925:
902:
881:
862:
844:
825:
806:
791:Arturo Michelena
787:
768:
753:
735:Tropical Scenery
727:
697:
674:
651:
628:
613:
598:
583:
568:
555:Brazilian dance
549:
530:
515:
500:
473:
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402:
379:
367:
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119:Baroque painting
67:Archangel Uranus
3795:
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3785:
3784:
3765:
3764:
3763:
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3721:Latin Americans
3681:
3599:
3536:
3517:Stock exchanges
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3290:
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3121:
3101:Scott, John F.
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3053:
2976:
2956:
2943:
2929:Craven, David.
2879:
2863:
2828:
2826:Further reading
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2421:Richard Kagan,
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2381:
2377:
2369:Harold Wethey,
2368:
2364:
2355:
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2329:
2325:
2317:John McAndrew,
2316:
2312:
2304:George Kubler,
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2173:
2167:Wayback Machine
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2031:Costa Rican art
2001:
1994:
1984:
1975:
1961:
1952:
1947:, published in
1941:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1860:Guillermo Kahlo
1827:
1816:
1687:Diego Velázquez
1679:Fernando Botero
1664:Fernando Botero
1659:Diego Velázquez
1625:
1613:Alberto Heredia
1600:Luis Felipe Noé
1584:Otra Figuración
1556:
1551:
1545:(from Brazil).
1527:
1520:
1510:
1492:, Cuban artist
1490:Nemesio Antúnez
1439:
1422:Francisco Icaza
1413:Nueva Presencia
1409:
1407:Nueva Presencia
1400:Armando Reverón
1371:
1354:, and Bolivian
1332:Pedro Nel Gómez
1328:José Venturelli
1285:
1279:
1224:
1212:Modern Art Week
1186:Cristóbal Rojas
1175:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1132:Agustín Arrieta
1129:
1120:
1110:
1101:
1098:After the Flood
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914:desde Peñalolén
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788:
779:
772:Cristóbal Rojas
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689:
684:(Mexico), from
675:
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636:Las Tortilleras
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58:Colonial period
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2016:Brazilian art
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2006:Argentine art
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3687:Demographics
3612:
3281:World War II
3174:
3148:
3141:
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3108:
3102:
3092:. Retrieved
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2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2868:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:
2799:
2788:. Retrieved
2786:. 2017-11-06
2783:
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2652:Saint Frida.
2650:Moses, Tai.
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2305:
2300:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2262:InterfineArt
2261:
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:La Jiribilla
2235:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2155:
2081:Peruvian art
2056:Honduran art
2011:Bolivian art
1989:. Brazilian
1972:Aleida March
1948:
1945:Machu Picchu
1906:. Ecuadoran
1892:Tina Modotti
1878:, and Cuban
1845:
1838:
1822:
1804:Sandra Ramos
1801:
1795:
1781:
1764:
1760:
1746:
1745:'s painting
1741:, he turned
1738:
1734:
1728:
1727:’s painting
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1703:
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1676:
1655:Diego Rivera
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1443:André Breton
1440:
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1372:
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1308:Diego Rivera
1306:movement of
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850:(Argentina)
832:
829:Carlos Morel
813:
812:(Argentina)
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793:(Venezuela)
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734:
704:
685:
639:
635:
556:
540:Brazil 1835.
537:
461:
412:
390:
382:
339:
324:
302:
247:
243:
223:
199:
188:
183:
173:
166:
154:Luis de Mena
142:
130:Cuzco School
127:
88:
73:18th century
71:Cuzco School
66:
44:
39:
38:
22:
15:
3677:Video games
3505:Agroecology
3500:Agriculture
3383:South Korea
3286:Debt crisis
2979:Mexican Art
2810:ARTnews.com
2694:El Comercio
2061:Mexican art
2021:Chilean art
1968:Che Guevara
1884:Che Guevara
1856:José Bassit
1830:Che Guevara
1814:Photography
1748:Las Meninas
1692:Las Meninas
1494:Wifredo Lam
1454:Frida Kahlo
1296:Omniciencia
1234:,Study for
1188:, oil, 1883
703:(British),
661:during the
559:Brazil 1835
458:Aleijadinho
138:Renaissance
99:Augustinian
27:(1964-65),
3769:Categories
3670:Telenovela
3660:Television
3640:Literature
3437:Governance
3322:Literature
3177:, 3rd. ed.
3094:2007-03-16
2833:Ades, Dawn
2815:2020-03-25
2790:2020-03-25
2291:2020-03-25
2267:2020-03-25
2242:2022-09-20
2148:References
1987:Guy Veloso
1904:Sara Facio
1874:, Mexican
1852:Guy Veloso
1788:Surrealism
1755:receiving
1699:prison. .
1697:Abu Ghraib
1573:Surrealism
1554:Figuration
1539:Myrna Báez
1466:Surrealism
1447:Surrealism
1437:Surrealism
1281:See also:
1136:El Costeño
1096:(Brazil).
971:José Olaya
933:Cordillera
868:(Uruguay)
776:La taberna
655:Carl Nebel
632:Carl Nebel
460:(Brazil):
115:Portuguese
95:Franciscan
91:indigenous
3665:Companies
3580:Etiquette
3568:Education
3474:Pink tide
3459:Falangism
3444:Democracy
3406:Geography
3317:Libraries
3244:By period
2286:Study.com
2036:Cuban art
1991:Penitents
1839:La Coubre
1808:communism
1743:Velazquez
1725:Rembrandt
1647:calaveras
1634:(Mexico)
1543:Vik Muniz
1515:(Mexico)
1462:Symbolism
1426:Holocaust
1360:Muralista
1216:São Paulo
1193:Modernism
1173:Modernism
1164:(Mexico)
1077:(Brazil)
1055:(Brazil)
950:(Chile),
910:Vista de
711:Zacatecas
665:(1846–48)
634:(German)
536:(German)
408:(Mexico)
385:Peruvian
285:Atahualpa
145:New Spain
103:Dominican
3749:Category
3655:Religion
3590:HIV/AIDS
3585:Feminism
3430:Politics
3332:Brujería
3327:Military
3302:Catholic
3295:By topic
2163:Archived
1999:See also
1735:Le Monde
1517:Roulotte
1340:Colombia
1294:, Mural
1277:Muralism
1148:pitahaya
1059:, 1862,
1033:, 1861,
931:(Chile)
908:(Chile)
887:(Chile)
713:, Mexico
707:aqueduct
140:styles.
3630:Cuisine
3605:Culture
3545:Society
3522:Tourism
3488:Economy
3417:Regions
3337:Slavery
3236:History
1914:Gallery
1848:gauchos
1792:Pop art
1565:Pop art
1561:Realism
1458:Realism
1382:Ruptura
1201:Bolivia
1115:(Cuba)
1081:, 1892
1011:(Peru)
994:tapadas
969:(Peru)
778:. 1887.
733:(U.S.)
358:18th c.
252:Gallery
134:Quechua
3754:Portal
3704:Cities
3618:Cinema
3353:Canada
3312:Jewish
3155:
3130:
3085:
3064:
2952:
2875:
2758:
2612:
1951:, 1922
1929:gaucho
1714:, the
1615:, and
1598:, and
1571:, and
1519:, 1956
1488:, and
1318:, and
1298:, 1925
1119:, 1874
973:(1828)
872:(1879)
816:(1892)
737:(1873)
391:within
206:Havana
3650:Music
3645:Media
3635:Dance
3623:Films
3556:Crime
3373:Japan
3368:Italy
3363:India
3358:China
2673:Marka
1324:Chile
1322:. In
1140:mamey
682:Tulum
557:lundu
410:Casta
387:casta
235:Aztec
227:Olmec
149:casta
83:casta
29:mural
3726:List
3153:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3083:ISBN
3062:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2610:ISBN
1894:and
1854:and
1790:and
1773:Goya
1670:and
1464:and
1420:and
1330:and
1261:and
1146:and
1144:tuna
797:1889
705:The
657:The
287:and
239:Inca
231:Maya
210:Cuba
128:The
101:and
3613:Art
1832:by
1771:de
1210:or
709:of
204:in
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