Knowledge (XXG)

Latinx

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885: 419:, it was first seen online in 2004, and first appeared in academic literature around 2013 "in a Puerto Rican psychological periodical to challenge the gender binaries encoded in the Spanish language." Contrarily, it has been claimed that usage of the term "started in online chat rooms and listservs in the 1990s" and that its first appearance in academic literature was in the Fall 2004 volume of the journal 511:, says that the application of the term "shows a generational divide in the Hispanic community". In 2016, a student newspaper described the term as "sweeping across college campuses in the nation with the intent of creating inclusion while inadvertently pitting members of the Latino community into a cultural war". It received wider use after the 2016 529: 740:
A 2021 poll by Democratic Hispanic outreach firm Bendixen & Amandi International found that only 2 percent of those polled refer to themselves as Latinx, while 68 percent call themselves "Hispanic" and 21 percent favored "Latino" or "Latina" to describe their ethnic background. In addition, 40
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Mario Carrasco, the co-founder and principal of ThinkNow Research says, 'Despite its usage by academics and cultural influencers, 98% of Latinos prefer other terms to describe their ethnicity. Only 2% of our respondents said the label accurately describes them, making it the least popular ethnic
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professor Nicole Trujillo-Pagán has argued that patriarchal bias is reproduced in ostensibly "gender neutral" language and stated, "Less clear in the debate (as it has developed since then) is how the replacement silences and erases long-standing struggles to recognize the significance of gender
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However, for the population it is meant to describe, only 23% of U.S. adults who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino have heard of the term Latinx, and just 3% say they use it to describe themselves, according to a nationally representative, bilingual survey of U.S. Hispanic adults conducted in
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where students changed their student group name from "Chicano Caucus" to "Chicanx Caucus" in December 2014. The following year, Columbia University changed the name of Latino Heritage Month to Latinx Hispanic Heritage Month. Salinas and Lozano (2017) state that the term is influenced by
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and their equivalents have been the standard ... for years. It is clear that the inclusive approach to nouns and adjectives is becoming more common, and while it may at some point become the prevailing tendency, presently there is no prescriptive control toward either syntax".
1032:, while other factors played a larger role, the term "is, if nothing else, a symptom of the problem, which is a tendency to privilege academic concepts and linguistic innovations in addressing social justice concerns." He says that "he message of the term 875:
lawmakers, including five Democrats, proposed a similar ban on formal state documents, calling the term offensive to Spanish speakers. State Representative Geraldo Reyes Jr., who introduced the measure, called the term "offensive and unnecessary".
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he Xicanx identity a relatively new term some Mexican-Americans have claimed that stems from the grassroots and working-class roots of the 1960s Chicano movement, but also incorporates indigenous consciousness, feminism, and queer theory in its
1068:". Defending usage of the term against critics arguing linguistic imperialism, Brooklyn College professors María R. Scharrón-del Río and Alan A. Aja argue that the Spanish language itself is a form of linguistic imperialism for 578:
was limited nearly exclusively to the United States. Manuel Vargas writes that people from Latin America ordinarily would not think of themselves using the term unless they reside in the United States. The term was added to the
2342:. "Latinx is a term used exclusively within the United States, or nearly so, such that people from Latin America would not ordinarily think of themselves as Latinxs, unless or until they reside in the United States." 3364:
Prewitt-Freilino, Jennifer L.; Caswell, T. Andrew; Laakso, Emmi K. (February 2012). "The gendering of language: A comparison of gender equality in countries with gendered, natural gender, and genderless languages".
668:, including 3% of 18–34-year-olds; the rest preferred other terms. "No respondents over 50 selected the term", while overall "3% of women and 1% of men selected the term as their preferred ethnic identifier". 1036:... is that the entire grammatical system of the Spanish language is problematic, which in any other context progressives would recognize as an alienating and insensitive message." Democratic congressman 767:"a recognition of the exclusionary nature of our institutions, of the deficiencies in existent linguistic structures, and of language as an agent of social change", saying, "The gesture toward linguistic 625:
the Latinx Perspective Organization was founded in 2016 to "unify Princeton's diverse Latinx community" and several student-run organizations at other institutions have used the word in their title.
814:. The term and concept of Latinx is also explored by Antonio Pastrana Jr., Juan Battle and Angelique Harris on LBGTQ+ issues. Valdes also uses the term in research on black perspectives on Latinx. 423:. In the rest of the United States, it was first used in activist and LGBT circles as a way to expand on earlier attempts at gender-inclusive forms of the grammatically masculine Latino, such as 1733:
A similar use of 'x' is in Mx., a gender-neutral title of courtesy that is used in place of gendered titles, such as Mr. and Ms. It has been suggested that the use of 'x' in Mx. influenced Latinx.
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The term Latinx has been sweeping across college campuses in the nation with the intent of creating inclusion while inadvertently pitting members of the Latino community into a cultural war.
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Many non-binary Latinos whose first language is not English have also criticized the term on the basis that it caters more to Latin Americans who are fluent in English and can pronounce the
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by authors Beatriz Llenín Figueroa, Jaime Géliga Quiñones, Yuderkys Espinosa Miñoso, and Adriana Gallegos Dextre. The term has also been discussed in scholarly research by cultural theorist
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as a reason for supporting or opposing the use of the term. Democratic members of the Black and Puerto Rican caucuses introduced legislation to ban its use in government documents, citing
1908: 1061:, "Many opponents of the term have suggested that using an un-gendered noun like Latinx is disrespectful to the Spanish language and some have even called the term 'a blatant form of 1265: 741:
percent of those polled said Latinx bothers or offends them to some degree and 30 percent said they would be less likely to support a politician or organization that uses the term.
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Hector Luis Alamo describes the term as a "bulldozing of Spanish". In a 2015 article published by the outlet as part of a debate on the term, Alamo wrote: "If we dump
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Jeffrey Herlihy-Mera writes that in Puerto Rico, the "shift toward x in reference to people has already occurred" in limited academic settings and "for many faculty
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A 2020 study based on interviews with 34 Latinx/a/o students from the US found that they "perceive higher education as a privileged space where they use the term
178:; of those aware of it, 33% (i.e., about 8% of all U.S. Latinos) said it should be used to describe their racial or ethnic group, while 65% said it should not. 2479: 3523: 1677: 1400: 907:" has been used as a basis of both criticism and support and the term has been rejected by many members of the Hispanic and Latino or Latin communities. 3113: 2761: 2360: 1113: 1025: 745: 831:] organizations with a Latinx/a/o centered mission", although some academic journals and dissertations about community colleges were using it. 1102:
because it offends some people, then we should go on dumping words forever since there will always be some people who find some words offensive."
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poll asked Hispanic Americans about their preference among the terms "Hispanic," "Latino" and "Latinx". 57% said it did not matter, and 4% chose
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to refer to people regardless of gender because they see it as a one-size-fits-all term that erases diversity, preferring to switch between
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Critics say the term does not follow traditional grammar, is difficult to pronounce, and is disrespectful toward conventional Spanish; the
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announced in 2021 that it would stop using the term in its official communications, calling it "very unliked" by nearly all Latinos.
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A 2019 National Survey of Latinos found that only 3 percent of Hispanic-Latinos have ever used "Latinx" to describe themselves. The
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are hesitant to use the term until after usage continues to evolve to make it more common, according to California representative
3916: 3429:"Who identifies as "Latinx"? An examination of the determinants of the use of Latinx among Hispanic-Latinos in the United States" 2611: 1746: 1636: 1029: 791:. Morales writes that "refusal to conform to male/female gender binaries" parallels "the refusal to conform to a racial binary". 2701: 1280: 1201:). In Argentina, efforts to increase gender neutrality in Spanish have utilized both grammatical genders together, as well as 3622: 2000:"The Complexity of the 'x' in Latinx : How Latinx/a/o Students Relate to, Identify With, and Understand the Term Latinx" 3824: 608:
of June 2016; Google Trends shows that searches for this term rose greatly in this period. A similar use of 'x' in the term
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Executive Order to Respect the Latino Community by Eliminating Culturally Insensitive words from Official Use in Government
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write that "more than likely, there was little consideration for how was supposed to be pronounced when it was created."
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within the U.S., although the opposite is true throughout the Spanish-speaking world. In the U.S., "Latine" arose out of
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has become commonly used by activists in higher education and the popular media who seek to advocate for individuals on
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has not become mainstream as of 2019 because the problem of implied gender it aims to solve is more a concern of the
3655: 605: 512: 238:(combining the letters "a" and "o" into the character @). Another term is simply "Latin", which by itself is of a 3896: 3335:
Sniezek, Janet A.; Jazwinski, Christine H. (October 1986). "Gender bias in English: In search of fair language".
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Similarly, Latinx, Chicanx along with many other terms, are all used to describe the ethnolinguistic community.
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ending easily while ignoring gender neutral alternatives already employed by Latin American activists, such as
850:", while some Democrats argue that it disfigures the Spanish language and is an act of cultural appropriation. 3580:"'We Are Still Here' is a Gorgeous Book Capturing the Queer-Inclusive Evolution of East LA's Chicanx Identity" 3403: 2724: 664:
A 2019 poll (with a 5% margin of error) found that 2% of US residents of Latin American descent in the US use
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Terms like Latin@, Latine, and LatinU have been deployed—with less traction—to mobilize Latina/o communities
3135: 2649: 1857: 1682: 1566: 1084: 811: 492: 75: 46: 42: 3811: 1190: 1105: 1062: 1049: 904: 857: 190: 186: 38: 3298:(December 1990). "Generic pronouns and sexist language: The oxymoronic character of masculine generics". 930:(ASALE). Regarding this decision, Darío Villanueva, RAE's director said, "The problem is we're confusing 911: 807: 675:
survey found that only 23% of US adults who self-identified as Hispanic or Latino had heard of the term
182: 3579: 2645:"The First Question of the Democratic Debate was a Challenge to Elizabeth Warren. She Didn't Back Down" 2515:
An Examination of Latinx LGBT Populations Across the United States: Intersections of Race and Sexuality
2201:"Student groups shift toward use of Latinx to include all gender identities - Columbia Daily Spectator" 953:
when referring to specific individuals. Those who oppose the term in its entirety have argued that the
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and Christopher Gonzalez on Latinx super heroes in mainstream comics and Latinx graphic novels such as
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used to describe individuals in the United States who have Latin American roots. Other names for this
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to represent women, according to George Cadava, Director of the Latina and Latino Studies program at
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said it could be used to describe the community, only 10% of that subgroup preferred it to the terms
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Salinas, Cristobal; Lozano, Adele (2017). "Mapping and recontextualizing the evolution of the term
2210: 1933: 1295: 1247: 1227: 776: 703:. The preferred term both among Hispanics who have heard the term and among those who have not was 672: 637: 583:
English dictionary in 2018, as it continued to grow in popularity in the United States, and to the
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Fuller, Janet M.; Leeman, Jennifer (2020). "Race, Racialization and Latinx Ethnoracial Identity".
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Trujillo-Pagán, Nicole (2018). "Crossed out by LatinX: Gender neutrality and genderblind sexism".
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Nir, Sarah Maslin (March 2, 2023). "Repudiation for Term 'Latinx' From Both Sides of the Aisle".
1678:"Generation X: Digging Into the Messy History of 'Latinx' Helped Me Embrace My Complex Identity" 784: 3232: 1775: 415:
appear in the 21st century, but there is no certainty as to its first occurrence. According to
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Decolonizing Rhetoric and Composition Studies: New Latinx Keywords for Theory and Pedagogy
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This article is about the English-language term. For gender-neutral terms in Spanish, see
2162:"The Latinx, Indigenous, and the Americas Graduate Class: Geography, Pedagogy, and Power" 1903: 2807: 3350: 1880: 1519: 1005: 991: 945:
Linguists Janet M. Fuller and Jennifer Leeman state that some people reject the use of
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style guide does not recognize the suffix -x. Both supporters and opponents have cited
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is artificial, unpronounceable, an imposition of English norms on Spanish, or overly
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is that "it erases feminist movements in the 1970s" that fought for use of the word
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survey found that roughly three-quarters of U.S. Latinos were not aware of the term
3788: 3039:"Latinx Research Center | An Interdisciplinary and transAmericas Research Hub" 2315: 2079: 1596: 1021: 799: 711:
was second in preference with 31% and 29% respectively. Only 3% self identified as
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Queer, Latinx, and Bilingual: Narrative Resources in the Negotiation of Identities
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Pastrana, Antonio Jr. (Jay); Battle, Juan; Harris, Angelique (December 22, 2016).
2252: 3150:"The RAE Has Made Its Decision About Latinx and Latine in Its First Style Manual" 2560: 2513: 2361:"'Latinx' explained: A history of the controversial word and how to pronounce it" 1500:"The RAE Has Made Its Decision About Latinx and Latine in Its First Style Manual" 1499: 3295: 2743:"The use of 'LatinX' among Hispanic Voters: Bendixen & Amandi International" 1721:"'Latinx' And Gender Inclusivity How do you pronounce this more inclusive word?" 1237: 1175: 896:, immigrant's, black, Latinx, Muslim, & disability rights are human rights". 872: 760: 507:
people or to young people. Brian Latimer, a producer at MSNBC who identifies as
149: 3875: 1747:"Hispanic vs. Latino vs. Latinx: A Brief History of How These Words Originated" 3685:"Escrevemos 'alunos(as)' ou 'alunos/as'? Parênteses ou barra?: Sobre Palavras" 3497: 3456:"'Latinx' dropped from LULAC official usage, deemed 'very unliked' by Latinos" 3380: 3252:"Trump's gains with Hispanic voters should prompt some progressive rethinking" 2932: 2911: 2832:
Aldama, Frederick Luis; Jennings, John; Hernandez, Javier (October 10, 2017).
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has evolved to be an offensive term and that some even call it a racial slur.
391: 145: 3876:"What does 'Latinx' mean? A look at the term that's challenging gender norms" 3767: 3759: 3070: 3016: 2950: 2851: 2762:"Latino civil rights organization drops 'Latinx' from official communication" 2629: 2592: 2545: 2122: 2023: 2015: 1433:"Pew poll finds most Latinos haven't heard of 'Latinx.' Only 3% use the term" 3637: 2965: 2445: 2365: 803: 657: 543: 508: 59: 2462: 1875: 1637:"To be Latinx or not to be Latinx? For some Hispanics that is the question" 1401:"About One-in-Four U.S. Hispanics Have Heard of Latinx, but Just 3% Use It" 661:
called "one of the highest profile uses of the term since its conception".
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Noe-Bustamante, Luis; Mora, Lauren; Lopez, Mark Hugo (August 11, 2020).
691:. While the remaining 33% of US Hispanic adults who have heard the term 683:
should not be used to describe them, with most preferring terms such as
3754:(Winter 2018 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 3313: 3202:"This Comic Proves That The Great Debate On The Word 'Latinx' Rages On" 1795:"Are you Latinx? As more use the term, it draws approval and criticism" 1223:
ending has been more widely adopted because it is easier to pronounce.
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The term was first seen online around 2004. It has since been used in
3057:"Some Republicans Want to Ban 'Latinx.' These Latino Democrats Agree" 3008: 1851: 1162: 1154: 979:
Cultural Strategist Henry Cadena mentions in an article published by
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Many people became more aware of the term in the month following the
496: 230: 129: 3656:"In Argentina, a Bid to Make Language Gender Neutral Gains Traction" 2420: 2407: 2075: 722:. Once they return to their communities, they do not use the term". 3639:
Morphological Gender Innovations in Spanish of Genderqueer Speakers
3524:"'Latin@' Offers A Gender-Neutral Choice; But How To Pronounce It?" 2928:
Diasporic Blackness: The Life and Times of Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
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professional organizations have by and large not adopted the term
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decided to drop the term from its official communication in 2021.
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Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi
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Similar gender-neutral forms have also arisen. One such term is
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by activists, students, and academics who seek to advocate for
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Salinas, Cristobal; Doran, Erin E.; Swingle, Ethan C. (2020).
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Some Republicans argue that the word is a product of liberal "
827: 610: 522: 287: 258:, and is used by and for anyone of Latin-American descent who 3475: 3473: 2865:
Aldama, Frederick; González, Christopher (December 7, 2018).
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Scharrón-del Río, María R.; Aja, Alan A. (December 5, 2015).
2480:"Latinx Student Organizations: Multicultural Resource Center" 1538:"Opinion: I'm Latina. Here's why I won't use the term Latinx" 317: 156:
have found that the vast majority prefer other terms such as
3114:"Democratic-backed Connecticut bill would ban 'Latinx' term" 3038: 2702:"No Preferred Racial Term Among Most Black, Hispanic Adults" 1589:"Controversy Over the Term 'Latinx': Public Opinion Context" 1333:"If Hispanics Hate the Term 'Latinx', Why is it Still Used?" 922:
as gender-neutral alternatives to the collective masculine
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may have been an influence or model for the development of
356: 326: 293: 278: 1611:"The History, Struggles, and Potential of the Term Latinx" 3169:
Speaking Spanish in the US: The Sociopolitics of Language
3093:"Sanders bans 'Latinx' on first day as Arkansas governor" 350: 344: 308: 3642:(Thesis). University of California, Berkeley. p. 3. 3428: 1909:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1044:, advises Democrats not to use the term. Members of the 775:." Some commentators, such as Ed Morales, a lecturer at 771:
stems from a suffix endowed with a literal intersection—
3233:"Is 'Latinx' Being Inclusive or Canceling Our Culture?" 2608:
Latinx Comic Book Storytelling: An Odyssey by Interview
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Ruiz, Iris D.; Sánchez, Raúl, eds. (October 15, 2016).
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Scharrón-del Río and Aja (2015) have traced the use of
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Public awareness and use: United States and Puerto Rico
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Latinx: The New Force in American Politics and Culture
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Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender
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ending, in a style manual published together with the
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Latinx: The New Force in American Politics and Culture
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Guerra, Gilbert; Orbea, Gilbert (November 19, 2015).
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Caputo, Marc; Rodriguez, Sabrina (December 6, 2021).
2446:"Student Organizations: UNC Latina/o Studies Program" 2425:
Princeton University Latinx Perspectives Organization
2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2050:"Why Did "Latinx" Get Popular—And What Does It Mean?" 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 994:
argues that, in contrast to other neologisms such as
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by Americanizers who disfigure the Spanish language.
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McCarthy, Justin; DuPreé, Whitney (August 4, 2021).
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magazine that numbers are now showing that the term
347: 341: 314: 305: 284: 275: 3845:"'Hispanic,' 'Latino,' or 'Latinx'? Survey Says..." 3825:"The argument against the use of the term 'Latinx'" 2779: 2777: 2775: 2392:"The Cross-Lingual Interse(x)tionality of 'Latinx'" 942:is difficult to pronounce in the Spanish language. 338: 281: 3278:"The X-ing of Language: The Case Against 'Latinx'" 2239:: An environmental scanning in higher education". 2146:Killer Crónicas: Urbane Gardens of Earthly Delight 1469:Ramirez, Tanisha Love; Blay, Zeba (July 5, 2016). 1362: 1170:) as a gender-neutral term is less prevalent than 938:, some refuse to use the term on the grounds that 651:, the word was used by the presidential candidate 3480:Vidal-Ortiz, Salvador; Martínez, Juliana (2018). 1040:, who represents a majority-Hispanic district in 3947:LGBTQ-related controversies in the United States 2836:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. 2790:'Latinx': Why Intersectionality Is Not a Choice" 1532: 1530: 1241: 1231: 868:in official Arkansas government communications. 3161: 3159: 2972:. African American Intellectual History Society 2463:"Iowa State University – Student Organizations" 2385: 2383: 2095:Josh Logue, December 8, 2015, Inside Higher Ed 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 242:, and can be stated in the plural as "Latins". 166:to describe themselves, and that only 2–3% use 2993:"Community Colleges' Use of the Term 'Latinx'" 2896:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 2610:. San Diego, California: ¡Hyperbole Books!, a 2276:"Latinx: A case for inclusion or segregation?" 1582: 1580: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 3713:"Barra e parêntesis em alternância de género" 3136:"Latino groups want to do away with "Latinx"" 1630: 1628: 1567:"Latino groups want to do away with 'Latinx'" 928:Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española 501:Gender system § Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico 442:to expand language can be traced to the word 8: 3799:"Should organizations use Latin@ or Latinx?" 3784:"Don't call me Latinx, I'm a Latin American" 3402:Trujillo-Pagán, Nicole (February 27, 2018). 2964:Johnson, Jessica Marie (December 12, 2015). 2725:"Democrats fall flat with 'Latinx' language" 2669: 2667: 1561: 1559: 1008:than the "proverbial person on the street". 127:. Related gender-neutral neologisms include 3843:Meraji, Shereen Marisol (August 11, 2020). 2507: 2505: 2043: 2041: 1686:. Vol. 44, no. 3. pp. 59–61. 470:has also been added to the end of the term 1810: 1808: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 450:added to the front of the word, making it 109:. Words used for similar purposes include 3942:LGBT Hispanic and Latino American culture 3810:Fountain, Sasha M. (September 24, 2016). 1841: 1839: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1134:, which combines the written form of the 649:2020 Democratic Party presidential debate 503:). The term often refers specifically to 435:did not attain broad usage or attention. 3578:Noriega, Christine (February 16, 2017). 3276:Alamo, Hector Luis (December 12, 2015). 2107:"Extremely Latin, XOXO: Notes on LatinX" 1493: 1491: 1471:"Why People Are Using The Term 'Latinx'" 1356: 1354: 1114:League of United Latin American Citizens 1026:2020 United States presidential election 746:League of United Latin American Citizens 260:do not identify as either male or female 3404:"No Shock or Awe About 'Acting' Latinx" 3112:Eaton-Robb, Patton (February 2, 2023). 2834:Latinx Superheroes in Mainstream Comics 2074:Gamio Cuervo, Arlene B. (August 2016). 1769: 1767: 1318: 783:, associate the term with the ideas of 655:, who is not Hispanic or Latina, which 27:Gender-neutral term for Latin Americans 3614: 3482:"Latinx thoughts: Latinidad with an X" 3250:Yglesias, Matthew (November 5, 2020). 2339: 2335: 2333: 1696: 1024:'s gains among Hispanic voters in the 903:has been the subject of controversy. " 871:In February 2023, a group of Hispanic 707:, garnering 50% and 64% respectively. 3932:Spanish language in the United States 3797:Berastaín, Pierre (August 31, 2017). 3454:Falcon, Russell (December 15, 2021). 3050: 3048: 2997:New Directions for Community Colleges 2925:Valdés, Vanessa K. (March 15, 2017). 2674:McWhorter, John (December 23, 2019). 2390:Herlihy-Mera, Jeffrey (May 1, 2018). 2359:Rodriguez, Adrianna (June 29, 2019). 2304: 2302: 2144:"Review of Susana Chávez-Silverman’s 1793:Reyes, Raul A. (September 29, 2016). 1731:from the original on August 3, 2017. 1498:Cataño, Adriana (November 28, 2018). 1430:Hernandez, Daniel (August 11, 2020). 1418:December 2019 by Pew Research Center. 7: 3683:Rodrigues, Sérgio (April 29, 2015). 3338:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 3200:Pellot, Emerald (October 25, 2019). 2760:Gamboa, Suzanne (December 9, 2021). 2309:Paz, Christian (November 23, 2021). 2078:. Princeton LGBT Center – via 2004:Journal of Hispanic Higher Education 66:which is used to refer to people of 3874:Padilla, Yesenia (April 16, 2016). 3752:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3554:. Routledge. Introduction; Note 1. 3091:Bernal, Rafael (January 12, 2023). 3055:Nir, Sarah Maslin (March 1, 2023). 2643:Weinberg, Abigail (June 26, 2019). 2105:Milian, Claudia (October 4, 2017). 1931:Stavans, Ilan (November 14, 2017). 1635:Reyes, Raul A. (November 6, 2017). 679:. Of those, 65% said that the term 647:On June 26, 2019, during the first 390:as "Latins", "La-tinks", or "Latin- 269:documented in dictionaries include 70:cultural or ethnic identity in the 3351:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01165.x 1776:"New Words in the OED: March 2019" 1745:Simón, Yara (September 14, 2018). 1587:Newport, Frank (January 7, 2022). 1361:McGirt, Ellen (November 5, 2019). 836:University of California, Berkeley 761:the borderlines of gender identity 628:The term appears in the titles of 25: 3717:Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa 3653:Politi, Daniel (April 15, 2020). 3601:Franco, Marina (April 11, 2024). 2396:The Chronicle of Higher Education 2048:Gonzalez, Irina (June 19, 2019). 1774:Dent, Jonathan (March 18, 2019). 1523:. pp. front page, cont. A15. 1331:Yarin, Sophie (October 7, 2022). 1109:difference and sexual violence." 478:. An example of this occurred at 394:" have been reported. Editors at 250:inherent to formulations such as 246:is used as an alternative to the 3812:"What is Latinx and AfroLatinx?" 3231:Cadena, Henry (March 16, 2021). 2868:Latinx Studies: The Key Concepts 2612:San Diego State University Press 2241:Journal of Latinos and Education 1364:"What's the Deal With 'Latinx'?" 527: 271: 3782:Ayala, Laz (November 8, 2020). 3636:Papadopoulos, Benjamin (2019). 2892:Aldama, Frederick Luis (2020). 2606:Aldama, Frederick Luis (2016). 2274:Magtoto, Mica (March 9, 2016). 1676:Brammer, John Paul (May 2019). 1281:Gender neutrality in Portuguese 1146:endings. Similar terms include 2199:Armus, Teo (October 7, 2015). 1821:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 1286:Hispanic–Latino naming dispute 542:format but may read better as 485:Mexican indigenous communities 411:The first records of the term 1: 3907:American political neologisms 2253:10.1080/15348431.2017.1390464 1934:"El significado del 'latinx'" 1912:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 1276:Grammatical gender in Spanish 1046:Congressional Hispanic Caucus 934:with machismo." According to 462:are linked to the Indigenous 376:-neks, la(h)-, -⁠nəks, 154:Hispanic and Latino Americans 101:grammatical gender in Spanish 2311:"Another Problem for Latinx" 1271:Gender neutrality in English 1178:speakers' use of the ending 1126:Gender neutrality in Spanish 892:. The sign reads, "women's, 853:In January 2023, Republican 817:A 2020 analysis found "that 779:and author of the 2018 book 574:As of 2018, use of the term 32:Gender neutrality in Spanish 3957:Racism in the United States 2812:Los Angeles Review of Books 2676:"Why Latinx Can't Catch On" 2076:"Latinx: A Brief Guidebook" 1998:Salinas, Cristobal (2020). 890:Women's March on Washington 3973: 3621:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 3603:"Latine is the new Latinx" 3508:– via ResearchGate. 1782:. Oxford University Press. 1609:Santos, Carlos E. (2017). 1123: 752:In literature and academia 606:Orlando nightclub shooting 36: 29: 3693:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3498:10.1057/s41276-018-0137-8 3381:10.1007/s11199-011-0083-5 2575:10.1057/978-1-137-52724-0 2528:10.1057/978-1-137-56074-2 1968:10.1057/s41276-018-0138-7 1881:Dictionary.com Unabridged 1780:Oxford English Dictionary 1615:Latina/o Psychology Today 1184:; similar forms include 1152:and the variant spelling 1075:Another argument against 586:Oxford English Dictionary 3937:Linguistic controversies 3458:. Austin, Texas: KXAN-TV 3172:. Multilingual Matters. 2966:"Thinking About the 'X'" 2206:Columbia Daily Spectator 2123:10.1177/0921374017727850 2016:10.1177/1538192719900382 1261:Feminist language reform 513:Pulse nightclub shooting 152:individuals. Surveys of 3917:Gender-neutral language 3803:National Latin@ Network 3742:Vargas, Manuel (2018). 3548:Cashman, Holly (2018). 2160:Rossini, Jon D (2018). 1858:Oxford University Press 1085:Northwestern University 812:United States of Banana 551:converting this article 431:Between 2004 and 2014, 197:Usage and pronunciation 47:Latino (disambiguation) 43:Latina (disambiguation) 37:For similar terms, see 1242: 1232: 1213:endings. According to 1106:Wayne State University 1063:linguistic imperialism 905:Linguistic imperialism 897: 858:Sarah Huckabee Sanders 191:cultural appropriation 187:linguistic imperialism 39:Latin (disambiguation) 1864:on December 29, 2019. 1854:UK English Dictionary 1407:. Pew Research Center 1374:label among Latinos'. 912:Royal Spanish Academy 887: 864:, banning the use of 808:Frederick Luis Aldama 763:. Herlihy-Mera calls 183:Royal Spanish Academy 86:⟨-o/-a⟩ 3922:Nonstandard spelling 3855:Morales, Ed (2018). 3805:. Casa de Esperanza. 3152:. November 28, 2018. 2931:. Albany, New York: 2749:. November 21, 2021. 2178:10.1353/tj.2018.0093 1240:, is preferred over 914:rejected the use of 855:Governor of Arkansas 825:, even by [ 623:Princeton University 493:Juchitán de Zaragoza 99:that are typical of 83:suffix replaces the 3912:Hispanic and Latino 3744:"Latinx Philosophy" 2404:on August 21, 2019. 2213:on October 18, 2015 1544:. December 14, 2021 1339:. Boston University 1296:Spanish orthography 777:Columbia University 673:Pew Research Center 638:composition studies 480:Columbia University 172:Pew Research Center 3792:. Medford, Oregon. 3662:The New York Times 3314:10.1007/BF00289252 3308:(11–12): 629–643. 3062:The New York Times 2970:Black Perspectives 2567:Palgrave Macmillan 2520:Palgrave Macmillan 2518:. Palgrave Pivot. 2490:. October 24, 2016 2467:stuorg.iastate.edu 2406:Also available at 1940:The New York Times 1701:1.1 Group Identity 1573:. January 4, 2022. 1220:⟨-e⟩ 1215:The New York Times 1210:⟨-x⟩ 1204:⟨-@⟩ 1181:⟨-e⟩ 1143:⟨-o⟩ 1137:⟨-a⟩ 1028:, stated that for 898: 632:in the context of 553:, if appropriate. 265:Pronunciations of 80:⟨-x⟩ 3859:. London: Verso. 2584:978-1-137-52723-3 2111:Cultural Dynamics 1824:. Merriam-Webster 1439:Los Angeles Times 819:community college 769:intersectionality 572: 571: 421:Feministas Unidas 383:. Other variants 121:, and the simple 16:(Redirected from 3964: 3897:2000s neologisms 3883: 3870: 3851: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3819: 3806: 3793: 3771: 3748:Zalta, Edward N. 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3658: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3620: 3612: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3375:(3–4): 268–281. 3361: 3355: 3354: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3237:ManoMagazine.com 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3212:on March 2, 2021 3208:. 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Its plural is 88: 87: 82: 81: 64:American English 21: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3952:English exonyms 3927:Spanish grammar 3902:2004 neologisms 3887: 3886: 3873: 3867: 3854: 3842: 3833: 3831: 3822: 3809: 3796: 3781: 3778: 3776:Further reading 3741: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3719:(in Portuguese) 3711: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3613: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3479: 3478: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3215: 3213: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3164: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3054: 3053: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3032: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2943: 2924: 2923: 2919: 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3774: 3773: 3772: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3704: 3675: 3645: 3628: 3593: 3570: 3560: 3540: 3514: 3492:(3): 384–395. 3486:Latino Studies 3469: 3446: 3420: 3394: 3356: 3345:(7): 642–662. 3327: 3287: 3268: 3242: 3223: 3192: 3178: 3155: 3141: 3127: 3104: 3083: 3044: 3030: 2983: 2956: 2941: 2917: 2902: 2884: 2877: 2857: 2842: 2824: 2808:"Ilan Stavans" 2799: 2771: 2752: 2734: 2715: 2692: 2663: 2635: 2620: 2598: 2583: 2551: 2536: 2501: 2437: 2412: 2379: 2344: 2329: 2298: 2266: 2247:(4): 302–315. 2224: 2191: 2172:(4): 443–445. 2152: 2136: 2117:(3): 121–140. 2097: 2085: 2066: 2054:Oprah Magazine 2037: 2010:(2): 149–168. 1981: 1962:(3): 396–406. 1956:Latino Studies 1946: 1923: 1895: 1867: 1835: 1804: 1785: 1763: 1737: 1705: 1689: 1653: 1624: 1601: 1576: 1555: 1526: 1520:New York Times 1509: 1487: 1452: 1422: 1378: 1350: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1121: 1118: 1092:Latino Rebels, 1006:intelligentsia 992:John McWhorter 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Index

Latinos/as
Gender neutrality in Spanish
Latin (disambiguation)
Latina (disambiguation)
Latino (disambiguation)
neologism
American English
Latin American
United States
gender-neutral
Latino and Latina
grammatical gender in Spanish
Xicanx
social media
non-binary
genderqueer
Hispanic and Latino Americans
Hispanic
Pew Research Center
Royal Spanish Academy
linguistic imperialism
cultural appropriation
group identity
social category
Hispanic
Latino
Latine
neutral gender
gender binary
do not identify as either male or female

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