78:
306:, but the rest resettled to Germany, England, Australia, Canada, the United States, and other countries. From 1939 to 1951, 40,000 Latvians immigrated to the United States with the help of the U.S. government and various social service and religious organizations. Although many of these refugees had been professionals in their country, in the United States they often had to take jobs as farmhands, custodians, or builders until they could learn English and find better paying jobs.
68:
1371:
450:
504:
277:. Many of these immigrants were political leaders and rank-and-file revolutionaries who could be killed by Russian soldiers if they were discovered, so they emigrated to survive and continue the revolutionary movement in other countries. Most of the Latvian revolutionaries were more politically radical than the earlier immigrants to the United States, which increased social friction within a number of communities.
522:
486:
375:
359:. Many Latvian Americans (about 9,000) have dual citizenship, which the country made available to emigrants after becoming independent of the Soviet Union. Since the late 20th century, more Latvian Americans have traveled to Latvia. Others provide financial support and give material to various organizations. Some Latvian Americans have settled there and been elected to the Saeima, or Parliament, in Latvia.
540:
468:
414:
396:
432:
61:
1357:
724:
2829:
558:
671:
658:
645:
632:
619:
606:
313:, Philadelphia, and Chicago. They did not settle in ethnic neighborhoods and relied on social events and the press for a sense of community. Within a few years, Latvian organizations created schools, credit unions, choirs, dance groups, theater troupes, publishers and book sellers, churches, veterans' groups (e.g. the
77:
317:, Hawks of the Daugava), and political organizations to help continue their culture and language. Since the annexation of the Baltic states was not recognized by the United States and many other countries, many kept Latvian passports, issued by the
697:
Most
Latvian Americans speak English, while Latvian (also known as Lettish) is basically the language spoken by American Latvians of the first generation due to intermarriage. As for religion, although most Latvians Americans are
1419:
280:
In 1917, many
Latvian revolutionaries returned to their homeland to work for the creation of a Bolshevik government. In 1918, when Latvia declared its independence, some nationalists also returned.
967:
1120:(Edvards Liedskalniņš, 1887–1951), amateur sculptor;, builder of Coral Castle in Florida; claimed to have discovered the ancient magnetic levitation secrets used to construct the Egyptian pyramids
328:
1605:
299:
1629:
295:
283:
After the First World War, the promise of economic improvements in the newly independent nation, immigration quotas established in 1924 by the United States, and the
2931:
863:
2921:
1985:
2926:
1282:
339:
According to the 2000 census, a total of 87,564 people of
Latvian descent lived in the United States. The larger populations are located in the states of
2788:
1609:
2811:
2414:
963:
1774:"Daughter of Latvian refugees receives top technological award at White House :: The Baltic Course | Baltic States news & analytics"
959:
219:. By the end of the century, many of those Latvian immigrants had moved on to settle primarily in other East Coast and Midwest cities, such as
1494:
1495:"Exploring the library of Latvian socialists in San Francisco, California: activities of the early Latvian political emigration, 1905-1917"
1294:
331:; however, few of the later immigrants or descendants of earlier generations have returned. They have made new lives in the United States.
262:
Some immigrants also established themselves in rural areas, but they were few and usually did not form long-lasting communities. The first
1718:
685:
The majority of
Latvians immigrants to the United States after World War II were university graduates. Many were academics or belonged to
2618:
318:
1399:
741:
1857:
1550:
1452:
1298:
888:
807:
303:
1111:
287:
all contributed to reduced emigration from Latvia to the US. From 1920 to 1939, only 4,669 Latvians arrived in the United States.
2721:
1978:
956:
706:
communities, represented by the
American Latvian Catholic Association, as well as American Latvian Baptists and American Latvian
788:
236:
760:
2884:
2781:
2714:
1838:
745:
1281:(Estere Sāns-Takeuči, born 1953), Greatbatch Professor of Advanced Power Sources at University of Buffalo; recipient of the
1816:
2708:
2631:
1433:
Saulītis, Andris; Mieriņa, Inta (2019), "Latvian
Emigrants in the United States: Different Waves, Different Identities?",
767:
2745:
2752:
1971:
1053:
991:
904:
774:
2774:
2678:
2542:
2516:
2072:
267:
204:
756:
2656:
1021:
980:(Vija Celmiņš, born 1938), painter; won a Fellow Award in the Visual Arts from United States Artists in 2009
876:
734:
274:
2729:
2649:
2565:
997:
983:
884:
2869:
2642:
2488:
2431:
2329:
2222:
2127:
2082:
1179:
2575:
2560:
2314:
1102:(born 1960), artist, professor of sculpture and director of graduate studies at the Yale School of Art
2550:
2426:
2319:
2255:
2237:
2147:
2132:
1376:
1278:
1189:
867:
172:
2900:
2636:
2611:
2294:
2242:
2227:
2177:
2067:
2053:
1183:
1169:
1027:
924:
215:
The first significant wave of
Latvian settlers who immigrated to the United States came in 1888 to
2879:
2874:
2570:
2436:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2363:
2334:
2324:
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2284:
2198:
2157:
2122:
2038:
2008:
1994:
1822:
1670:
1581:
1384:
1117:
946:
527:
1722:
781:
2843:
2734:
2581:
2531:
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2472:
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2457:
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2421:
2409:
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2208:
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2152:
2142:
2101:
2059:
2045:
1853:
1834:
1556:
1546:
1520:
1448:
1338:(born 1993), soccer player for the Seattle Sounders and the United States National Soccer team
1258:
1175:
923:(born Aron Mendel Michelson, 1886–1961), psychologist known for the first audio recordings of
2797:
2668:
2496:
2462:
2384:
2193:
2162:
2137:
2096:
2077:
2018:
1438:
1389:
1071:
401:
344:
284:
244:
188:
142:
138:
110:
48:
1671:"Latvian Americans - History, The first latvians in america, Significant immigration waves"
1582:"Latvian Americans - History, The first Latvians in America, Significant immigration waves"
2605:
2589:
2536:
2482:
2350:
2309:
2172:
2106:
2013:
1341:
1309:
1234:
1216:
1210:
1154:(Juris Luziņš, born 1947), 1971 US National Championship winner in the men's 800-meter run
1077:
1006:
880:
872:
256:
1773:
1517:
Reference
Library of European America: Ethnic essays, Irish Americans to Welsh Americans
255:. Although most Latvians settled in cities, in most of these (with the exception of the
2555:
2088:
1335:
1329:
1272:
1228:
1099:
1093:
1059:
1036:
940:
920:
835:
686:
159:
2915:
2864:
1842:
1826:
1648:
1362:
1323:
1303:
1246:
1222:
1163:
1139:
1087:
934:
914:
859:
455:
356:
309:
Most
Latvians settled in cities because of economic opportunities, such as New York,
252:
220:
67:
2031:
1288:
1240:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1081:
1065:
1016:
977:
892:
821:
509:
291:
224:
1443:
1252:
1194:
1133:
1105:
1042:
1012:
952:
841:
723:
703:
263:
259:
district of Boston) they lived dispersed and did not form ethnic neighborhoods.
248:
155:
17:
2816:
1797:
Andersons, Edgars, and M. G. Slavenas. "The
Latvian and Lithuanian Press." in
1524:
1352:
1313:
1207:(Lūcija Pēka, 1912–1991), artist, painter of "Flowers", "Riga", and "The Well"
1204:
1045:(born 1934), jazz musician; known for his musical score in the movies such as
491:
380:
363:
340:
273:
A new wave of Latvian immigration began around 1906, after the failure of the
106:
1560:
2828:
2626:
2523:
1694:
1129:
1031:
971:
900:
699:
294:, tens of thousands Latvians fled their country to Western Europe to escape
228:
196:
126:
122:
1958:
1799:
The Ethnic Press in the United States: A Historical Analysis and Handbook,
2684:
2502:
2214:
1467:
1394:
1317:
1261:(Raimonds Staprāns, born 1926), Latvian/American painter and playwright (
1123:
545:
473:
419:
348:
200:
176:
118:
114:
1815:
edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 65–78.
1126:(Ari Steprenss Līfs, born 1994), singer, songwriter and record producer
1047:
987:
896:
748: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
437:
352:
240:
232:
2509:
1963:
707:
310:
266:
church built by Latvians in the United States was erected in 1906 in
216:
60:
2766:
2024:
1943:
1468:"Gaiss svaigs kā Kurzemes mūžamežā: Linkolnas kolonija Viskonsīnā"
1001:
1953:
1933:
1888:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
207:, there are 93,498 Americans of full or partial Latvian descent.
1039:(Pols Grasmanis, born 1974), former NFL American football player
908:
563:
324:
From 1980 to 1990, 1,006 Latvians arrived in the United States.
2770:
1967:
1898:
1806:
The Latvians in America, 1640–1973: A Chronology and Fact Book
717:
1903:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1332:(born 1982), YouTuber, makeup artist and Internet personality
1243:(Laila Robiņa, born 1959), stage, film and television actress
270:, where an agricultural colony had been established in 1897.
1923:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1312:(born 1936), physicist; co-inventor of three-dimensional
917:(Svens Birkerts, born 1951), essayist and literary critic
1918:
1850:
American Latvians : Politics of a Refugee Community
970:
from 2011 to 2014, until his historic primary defeat by
1913:
1908:
1878:
1437:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 203–229,
1297:(born 1992), American-Latvian basketball player in the
844:(Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin, born 1950), character actor (
1948:
1904:
Kalifornijas Latviešu Uzņēmēju Biznesa Saiets "KLUBS"
1804:
Kārklis, Maruta, Līga Streips, and Laimonis Streips.
1015:(1908–2003), actor and dancer; known for his role as
838:(born 1992), pornographic actress, model, and club DJ
1928:
1924:
Latvian Ev. Luth. Church of New York & Community
1188:
Peters Munters, musician with the bands Over it and
2893:
2857:
2836:
2804:
2701:
2598:
2450:
2372:
2277:
2186:
2115:
2001:
1938:
1801:
edited by Sally M. Miller. (Greenwood Press, 1987).
1744:
1275:(Haralds Šnepsts, born 1954), NHL ice hockey player
943:(Čeiss Badingers, born 1988), NBA basketball player
366:with the largest Latvian-American populations are:
166:
148:
132:
100:
87:
38:
1894:Dienvidkalifornijas Latviešu Informācijas Biļetens
1884:Čikāgas latviešu vēsture - Chicago Latvian History
1630:Category:American people of Latvian-Jewish descent
1344:(Markuss Zuševics, born 1989), NFL football player
321:, but most acquired American citizenship as well.
1899:Embassy of Latvia to the United States of America
1474:. Latvieši pasaulē – muzejs un pētniecības centrs
1420:"American Community Survey 2019 1-Year Estimates"
1132:(Leors Dimants, born 1972), DJ for rap-rock band
1108:(Maiks Knuble, born 1972), NHL ice hockey player
1000:(Jēkabs Jufess, 1831–1908), tailor, inventor of
302:. About half were eventually repatriated to now-
1745:""Latvian Art in Exile," The Latvian Institute"
1929:Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
1831:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups
579:Latvian-born population in the US since 2010:
2782:
1979:
1811:Straumanis, Andris. "Latvian Americans." in
937:(Āris Brīmanis, born 1972), ice hockey player
40:
8:
1543:Encyclopedia of race, ethnicity, and society
864:United States men's national volleyball team
33:
1813:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,
1306:(Pēteris Tillers, 1943–2015), legal scholar
1283:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
2789:
2775:
2767:
1986:
1972:
1964:
1160:(Zinta Valda Ziemelis, 1937–2014), actress
1074:(Filips Halsmans, 1906–1979), photographer
862:(Aldis Bērziņš, born 1956), member of the
76:
32:
1761:Elizabetes iela 57, Rīga, LV 1050, LATVIA
1519:. Gale Research. 1998. pp. 373–375.
1442:
1249:(born 1961), musician, performance artist
875:(Gunārs Birkerts, 1925–2017), architect (
808:Learn how and when to remove this message
581:
368:
1411:
2932:European diaspora in the United States
1954:The Philadelphia Society of Free Letts
1326:(Makss Veinreihs, 1893–1969), linguist
1291:(1963–2016), marine biologist and poet
1255:(Markus Rotkovičs, 1903–1970), painter
824:(Rūta Skrastiņa, born 1942), actress (
329:reestablished its independence in 1991
2922:Latvian diaspora in the United States
964:Virginia's 7th congressional district
7:
1959:Union of Latvian Baptists in America
1536:
1534:
1511:
1509:
1507:
746:adding citations to reliable sources
101:Regions with significant populations
1237:(born 1962), orchestrator, composer
1225:(1932–1994), composer and conductor
1213:(Brita Pētersone, born 1979), model
1142:(born 1990), professional strongman
235:, as well as coastal cities on the
2927:American people of Latvian descent
1919:Latvian Cultural Association TILTS
1879:American Latvian Youth Association
1545:. SAGE Publications. p. 839.
1114:(1900–1992), Impressionist painter
319:Latvian Embassy in Washington D.C.
82:Latvian American activists in 1988
25:
1949:Pasaules Brīvo Latviešu Apvienība
1299:Israeli Basketball Premier League
1080:(1928–2022), computer scientist,
1019:in the popular television series
889:Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
2827:
1369:
1355:
949:(born 1943), surgeon, researcher
722:
670:
669:
657:
656:
644:
643:
631:
630:
618:
617:
605:
604:
556:
538:
520:
502:
484:
466:
448:
430:
412:
394:
373:
203:ancestry. According to the 2008
66:
59:
1821:Anderson, Edgar. "Latvians" in
1776:. The Baltic Course. 2009-10-14
1606:"American FactFinder - Results"
1096:(1934–2023), orthopedic surgeon
866:that won the gold medal at the
733:needs additional citations for
1939:Latvian Relief Fund of America
1400:Latvia–United States relations
1172:(born 1938), airline executive
1030:(1930–2022), historian of the
1:
2046:German Mennonites from Russia
1541:Schaefer, Richard T. (2008).
1197:(Fred Leo Nukis, born 1955),
986:(1917–2020), a member of the
1874:American Latvian Association
1841:, (1980), pp. 638–642,
1833:, Harvard University Press,
1808:(Oceana Publications, 1974).
1444:10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_10
1316:; created the first working
929:I Did Not Interview the Dead
664:
651:
638:
625:
612:
599:
591:
2948:
2643:Alabama Creoles and Cajuns
992:Ohrdruf concentration camp
905:National Library of Latvia
27:Americans birth or descent
2825:
2619:White Hispanic and Latino
1914:Latvian Center "Gaŗezers"
1231:(1909–1996), psychiatrist
587:
584:
268:Lincoln County, Wisconsin
205:American Community Survey
171:
153:
137:
105:
92:
75:
57:
2566:Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots
1649:"Latvia's Famous People"
1062:(born 1983), LPGA golfer
1695:"Buddy Ebsen Biography"
1435:IMISCOE Research Series
1219:, historian (1940–2024)
1022:The Beverly Hillbillies
966:from 2001 to 2014, and
877:Corning Museum of Glass
693:Languages and religions
575:Latvian-born population
300:Displaced Persons camps
296:advancing Soviet troops
275:1905 Russian Revolution
1472:Latviešu pēdas pasaulē
885:Minneapolis, Minnesota
304:Soviet-occupied-Latvia
192:
41:
1180:human rights activist
1068:(1923–2018), linguist
994:, and a schoolteacher
990:, a liberator of the
167:Related ethnic groups
2256:Norwegian Minnesotan
1699:Actorbuddyebsen.info
1377:United States portal
1279:Esther Sans Takeuchi
1148:(1946–2019), actress
1090:(born 1976), actress
868:1984 Summer Olympics
846:Moscow on the Hudson
742:improve this article
298:. Most were held in
173:Lithuanian Americans
2612:Non-Hispanic whites
1889:Daugavas Vanagi ASV
1848:Zake, Ieva (2017).
1823:Thernstrom, Stephan
1184:political scientist
1170:J. George Mikelsons
1166:(1887–1978), artist
1136:, of Jewish descent
1028:Andrievs Ezergailis
1009:(1879–1966), artist
925:Holocaust survivors
757:"Latvian Americans"
35:
2637:French Louisianian
2039:Pennsylvania Dutch
1995:European Americans
1422:. data.census.gov.
1385:European Americans
1118:Edward Leedskalnin
947:Christopher Zarins
290:Toward the end of
2909:
2908:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2735:White Southerners
2724:
2717:
2692:
2687:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2621:
2614:
2584:
2545:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2491:
2353:
2258:
2251:
2249:Norwegian Dakotan
2217:
2091:
2062:
2060:Hungarian Ohioans
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
1719:"Country Profile"
1267:Four Days in June
1259:Raimonds Staprans
818:
817:
810:
792:
702:, there are also
678:
677:
572:
571:
193:Amerikas latvieši
185:Latvian Americans
182:
181:
42:Amerikas latvieši
34:Latvian Americans
16:(Redirected from
2939:
2831:
2798:Latvian diaspora
2791:
2784:
2777:
2768:
2751:
2744:
2739:
2720:
2713:
2690:
2683:
2669:Creoles of color
2667:
2662:
2657:Louisiana Creole
2655:
2648:
2641:
2617:
2610:
2580:
2541:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2487:
2349:
2278:Southeast Europe
2254:
2247:
2213:
2087:
2058:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1944:Latvieši Amerikā
1863:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1721:. Archived from
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1675:Everyculture.com
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1608:. Archived from
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1586:Everyculture.com
1578:
1565:
1564:
1538:
1529:
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1513:
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1501:
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1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1464:
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1457:
1446:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1390:List of Latvians
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1201:show personality
1072:Philippe Halsman
813:
806:
802:
799:
793:
791:
750:
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718:
673:
672:
660:
659:
647:
646:
634:
633:
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620:
608:
607:
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562:
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559:
544:
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541:
526:
524:
523:
508:
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490:
488:
487:
472:
470:
469:
454:
452:
451:
436:
434:
433:
418:
416:
415:
402:New York (state)
400:
398:
397:
385:
379:
377:
376:
369:
285:Great Depression
139:American English
88:Total population
80:
71:
70:
64:
63:
52:
44:
36:
21:
18:Latvian American
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2889:
2853:
2832:
2823:
2800:
2795:
2765:
2760:
2697:
2679:French Canadian
2606:White Americans
2599:Other Europeans
2594:
2543:Irish Traveller
2446:
2373:Southern Europe
2368:
2273:
2187:Northern Europe
2182:
2111:
2073:Liechtensteiner
1997:
1992:
1934:Latvians Online
1870:
1860:
1847:
1794:
1792:Further reading
1789:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1725:on 3 April 2008
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1701:
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1624:
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1613:
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1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
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1579:
1568:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1342:Markus Zusevics
1310:Juris Upatnieks
1235:Lolita Ritmanis
1217:Andrejs Plakans
1211:Brita Petersons
1112:Mārtiņš Krūmiņš
1078:Juris Hartmanis
1054:Heaven Can Wait
1007:Burkards Dzenis
968:Majority Leader
881:Marquette Plaza
873:Gunnar Birkerts
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798:February 2023
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753:Find sources:
747:
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736:
731:This section
729:
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711:
710:communities.
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2489:Jersey Dutch
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2032:German Texan
1849:
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1812:
1805:
1798:
1778:. Retrieved
1768:
1760:
1753:. Retrieved
1748:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:the original
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1625:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:the original
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1542:
1516:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1434:
1428:
1414:
1295:Andrew Smith
1289:Eva Saulitis
1266:
1263:The Freezing
1262:
1241:Laila Robins
1199:Howard Stern
1198:
1158:Cynthia Lynn
1152:Juris Luzins
1146:Peggy Lipton
1082:Turing Award
1066:Moriss Halle
1052:
1046:
1020:
1017:Jed Clampett
978:Vija Celmins
928:
893:U.S. Embassy
854:Spider-Man 3
853:
850:Spider-Man 2
849:
845:
829:
825:
822:Rutanya Alda
804:
795:
785:
778:
771:
764:
752:
740:Please help
735:verification
732:
696:
684:
578:
510:Pennsylvania
384:
361:
338:
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323:
314:
308:
292:World War II
289:
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279:
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261:
225:Philadelphia
214:
184:
183:
93:
30:Ethnic group
2715:Los Angeles
2432:Sammarinese
2415:before 1880
2330:Montenegrin
2223:Greenlandic
2128:Azerbaijani
1651:. Latvia.lv
1253:Mark Rothko
1195:Fred Norris
1134:Limp Bizkit
1106:Mike Knuble
1043:Dave Grusin
1013:Buddy Ebsen
998:Jacob Davis
984:David Cohen
953:Eric Cantor
842:Elya Baskin
249:Los Angeles
199:who are of
156:Lutheranism
2916:Categories
2817:Afrikaners
2709:California
2427:Portuguese
2320:Macedonian
2238:Lithuanian
2148:Circassian
2133:Belarusian
1839:0674375122
1780:2017-03-05
1704:2017-03-05
1680:2017-03-05
1616:2018-04-23
1591:2017-03-05
1525:1011871166
1406:References
1314:holography
1205:Lucia Peka
957:Republican
768:newspapers
528:Washington
492:New Jersey
381:California
341:California
335:Demography
239:, such as
237:West Coast
107:California
2901:Australia
2870:Lithuania
2746:Louisiana
2702:By region
2627:Melungeon
2582:Wisconsin
2295:Bulgarian
2243:Norwegian
2228:Icelandic
2178:Ukrainian
2068:Kashubian
2054:Hungarian
1755:7 October
1729:7 October
1561:166387368
1130:DJ Lethal
1032:Holocaust
972:Dave Brat
901:Venezuela
700:Lutherans
681:Education
229:Cleveland
197:Americans
133:Languages
127:Minnesota
123:Wisconsin
2837:Americas
2753:Maryland
2740:Arkansas
2571:Scottish
2524:Huguenot
2517:Canadian
2437:Sicilian
2405:Galician
2400:Corsican
2390:Canarian
2380:Asturian
2364:Yugoslav
2335:Romanian
2325:Moldovan
2305:Croatian
2285:Albanian
2199:Estonian
2158:Georgian
2123:Armenian
2083:Silesian
2009:Austrian
1395:Latvians
1349:See also
1318:hologram
1265:, 1979;
1124:Ari Leff
704:Catholic
546:Maryland
474:Michigan
420:Illinois
349:Illinois
345:New York
264:Lutheran
245:Portland
177:Latvians
162:minority
149:Religion
119:Michigan
115:Illinois
111:New York
2894:Oceania
2865:Finland
2685:Acadian
2650:Isleños
2576:Walloon
2561:Occitan
2532:Frisian
2503:Acadian
2478:English
2473:Cornish
2468:British
2458:Belgian
2442:Spanish
2422:Maltese
2410:Italian
2395:Catalan
2359:Turkish
2345:Serbian
2340:Slovene
2315:Kosovan
2300:Cypriot
2290:Bosnian
2269:Swedish
2233:Latvian
2215:Findian
2209:Finnish
2204:Faroese
2168:Russian
2153:Cossack
2143:Chechen
2102:Sorbian
1829:, eds.
1320:in 1962
1269:, 1989)
1048:Tootsie
988:US Army
931:, 1949)
897:Caracas
782:scholar
674:24,691
661:21,364
648:21,097
635:24,497
622:24,131
609:22,257
596:23,218
588:Number
438:Florida
388:11,443
353:Florida
327:Latvia
257:Roxbury
241:Seattle
233:Chicago
211:History
201:Latvian
189:Latvian
154:Mostly
143:Latvian
49:Latvian
2880:Sweden
2875:Russia
2858:Europe
2844:Canada
2805:Africa
2730:Hawaii
2497:French
2463:Breton
2385:Basque
2194:Danish
2163:Kalmyk
2138:Lezgin
2097:Slovak
2078:Polish
2019:German
1856:
1843:Online
1837:
1817:Online
1751:. 2008
1559:
1549:
1523:
1478:5 July
1451:
1285:, 2009
891:, the
887:, the
784:
777:
770:
763:
755:
708:Jewish
568:2,362
561:
550:3,289
543:
532:3,380
525:
514:3,754
507:
496:3,946
489:
478:4,265
471:
460:4,706
453:
442:4,921
435:
424:6,982
417:
406:9,937
399:
378:
364:states
355:, and
311:Boston
251:, and
231:, and
217:Boston
195:) are
96:(2019)
94:85,723
45:
2691:Cajun
2663:Cajun
2632:Métis
2590:Welsh
2537:Irish
2510:Cajun
2483:Dutch
2310:Greek
2173:Rusyn
2107:Swiss
2089:Texas
2025:Amish
2014:Czech
1909:Laiks
1749:Li.lv
1498:(PDF)
1002:denim
789:JSTOR
775:books
666:2016
653:2015
640:2014
627:2013
614:2012
601:2011
593:2010
585:Year
158:with
2556:Manx
2264:Sámi
1854:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1757:2017
1731:2017
1657:2013
1557:OCLC
1547:ISBN
1521:OCLC
1480:2017
1449:ISBN
1182:and
1051:and
909:Riga
761:news
564:Ohio
362:The
1439:doi
962:of
895:in
883:in
744:by
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1980:t
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