789:
695:(taro) plant, though it generally means taro leaves as an ingredient. The leaves are parboiled, strained, chopped, and combined with the cooked (fresh) meat—octopus ("squid"), chicken, beef, or pork—that are sautéed with onions. For thicker stews containing "squid" or chicken, coconut milk and sugar are added. However, stews containing beef or pork usually omit the coconut milk and can be braised along the cooking of the taro leaves, seasoned with
1032:
205:
707:
47:
659:, contemporary recipes often feature the chicken as the primary ingredient, while the taro leaves stewed in coconut milk acts as a sauce. Spinach is often substituted for taro leaves. Cubed chicken breasts are typical, but sometimes whole leg quarters are served. Onions are typically added, along with garlic or ginger.
434:
for protein. When the
Western navigators arrived, they introduced foods like onions, tomatoes, corned meats and various spices. Colonialism brought with them something that would change Polynesian diets—canned goods, including the highly prized corned beef. Natural disasters brought in food aid from
1826:
784:
can be combined with pork or beef that is usually cooked separately from the stew. Generally, cooking the stems of the taro, by itself, takes the least amount of time because it contains the least amount of calcium oxalate. This dish does not contain coconut milk either.
725:
that are traditionally used to wrap the food within it. Whole mature larger (and younger) taro leaves wrap around large cubes of pork shoulder or belly, beef, or chicken thighs. A piece of "butterfish" is traditionally added with the other meats as seasoning. A piece of
446:
was not known throughout ancient
Polynesia, stews were often steamed in calabash bowls or coconut shells but were not efficient conductors of heat. For daily consumption, it was easier to cook taro leaves into parcels for smaller ovens. Taro leaves contain
1275:
619:
technique is forming them into patties with a mixture of chopped parboiled taro leaves, onions, and seasonings that are pan-fried, and simmered in a coconut milk sauce. Because of the rising prices of taro (and food in general),
962:
Newer technology has made it easier to reduce the cooking time of taro. Dishes can be cooked stovetop in a steamer or baked in an oven, or in pressure cookers and crock pots in temperature-controlled setting. Today, foods like
486:, the leaves of the taro plant) and the dishes they can be made into, both in stews, as a parcel, or baked in the oven like a casserole. Coconut milk is widely used along with fish, lamb, and corned beef in
306:, the leaves (and stems) are consumed as well. The base recipe is vegetarian. Most often, coconut milk was added, and later meat or seafood. The texture of the dish range from a thick soup to a dense cake.
981:, foods which are typically made into bundles, sometimes bypass the tedious chore of wrapping by making a casserole-like dish in large quantities making it more akin to its stew counterpart.
926:, is also a delicacy. Coconut cream is often mixed into the meat, especially with canned meats, to form a paste that easily dollops. Chopped onions are common additions, sometimes tomatoes.
435:
New
Zealand, Australia, and the US, then world wars in the mid-20th century, foreign foods became a bigger part of daily diets while retaining ancestral foods like taro and coconuts.
734:
or rice. Unlike its
Polynesian variations, this dish does not contain any coconut milk or aromatics like onions or garlic, or other spices. However, similar dishes like Samoan
1531:
1939:
1656:
561:. Aromatics such as onions and garlic are commonly used as well as spices. Proteins include canned corned beef or tuna, fresh lamb. The stew is often served with
873:
is prepared by laying out a few taro leaves and spooning an amount of beef and onions into the center with a healthy amount of coconut cream and bundled with
584:
Another method involves stuffing fresh taro leaves with a meat filling that are tightly rolled (or made into balls) then stewed in pot in a manner similar to
1706:
2076:
1724:
1067:
1798:
2111:
2071:
1403:
2027:
415:
is one of the most ancient, cultivated crops. Believed to be native to India and
Southeast Asia, taro were carried into the
2081:
364:
788:
2086:
2051:
465:
2091:
2066:
1495:
1229:
Denham, Tim (October 2011). "Early
Agriculture and Plant Domestication in New Guinea and Island Southeast Asia".
1128:
557:(taro) leaves. Taro leaves (whole or shredded) are typically added to the stewing liquid of coconut milk without
1418:
938:(fish) are made as well. The parcels are traditionally wrapped with banana leaves but it is more common to use
1972:
1852:
2101:
2096:
2061:
2056:
1356:
1670:
1045:
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is sometimes added as a seasoning. It is enjoyed with roasted taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, or rice.
2106:
1933:
1314:
31:
1296:
451:, which in its raw form can cause serious irritation to the mouth and throat if not cooked thoroughly.
420:
208:
1924:
Handy, E S Craighill, Willowdean C. Handy (1924). "Samoan House
Building, Cooking, and Tattooing".
1001:
722:
500:
1779:
1743:
1650:
1256:
984:
In areas outside where taro leaves not sold or found, expatriates living abroad use in its place
320:
1458:
424:
1397:
1246:
1238:
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347:
159:
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is very labor-intensive, often made for larger festivities or religious ceremonies. Since
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656:
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299:
1585:
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908:(lit. "sheep") refers to mutton or lamb. Fresh meat can be used, corned (wet brine)
1603:
1055:
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727:
664:
578:
566:
477:
163:
1990:
1513:
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as a filler. As a dish on its own, stems are peeled and sliced for a stew called
323:) describes "basket or leaves for serving or carrying food; to serve food" with
1954:
1037:
989:
443:
1274:
National Plant Data Center and
Pacific Islands West Area Office (20 Oct 2003).
816:" ("mixed (taro leaves) with sea water"). The dish is sometimes referred to as
1567:
1027:
731:
558:
439:
1870:
427:. Although associated as root vegetable, all parts of the taro was utilized.
1803:
1393:
1017:
173:
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2009:
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1375:
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324:
1906:
985:
562:
520:
1251:
1031:
842:(lit. "fatty")—rich foods that often contain a good amount of thicker
290:
are all related dishes found throughout
Polynesia based on the use of
17:
853:
703:("butterfish"), or salted salmon. It is generally enjoyed with rice.
143:
706:
1242:
1089:"Poulet Fafa Recipe (Tahitian chicken with taro leaves) Whats4eats"
46:
1285:. US Dept of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service.
585:
303:
151:
147:
846:(not to be confused with sweetened "cream of coconut"). Beef, or
391:" (Proto-Austronesian) describes "(plant) stalks" with cognates:
997:
609:. When these balls are made into parcels, they are often called
574:
570:
412:
295:
291:
191:
155:
125:
2010:"Palusami Recipe: Delicious and Nutritious In One Amazing Dish"
1477:
30:
This article is about the
Polynesian food. For other uses, see
1639:
Lako, J., Francis, J., Dietershagen, J. (September 30, 2019).
430:
In addition, they brought along with them pigs, chickens, and
1194:"Protoform: LUU-KAU.* [NP] Edible greens: *lu(u)-kau"
27:
Traditional Polynesian dish of cooked of taro leaves and stem
1428:. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
852:( lit. "bovine"), is the protein of choice in the form of
655:(Tahitian transl. "taro greens or shoots"). Influenced by
523:
and also into pastries known as "rukau pies" in Auckland.
423:
from around 1300 BC, where they became a staple crop of
812:" ("to cook (taro leaves) with sea water on fire")" or
792:
cooked palusami showing coconut cream and onion filling
754:, the stems or stalk of the taro, is commonly added to
1276:"Plant Guide - Taro - Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott"
740:
that are made in Hawaii sometimes use the vernacular
1478:"Cook Islands Recipes - Rukau – Cooked taro leaves"
1176:"Protoform: LUU.1 [PN] Taro leaves as food"
187:
179:
169:
139:
131:
121:
67:
867:(lit. "pea soup," general term for canned foods).
1532:"Home-cooked Pasifika kai set to go down a treat"
1333:"Wayfinders : Polynesian History and Origin"
808:is believed to be a contraction of the phrase, "
350:) describes "taro leaves as food" with cognates:
1871:"Protoform: PAQA-PAQA [PN] Type of food"
1147:Squid Lu'au November/ December 2011 Afar page 66
1642:The agriculture-nutrition-income nexus in Fiji
1129:"Rukau - A simple delight - Cook Islands News"
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8:
1938:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1655:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1109:"FIJIAN ROUROU (DALO LEAF) - Loving Islands"
1070:, which is known for its version of the dish
1058:, a similar native dish from the Philippines
976:
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1889:"Protoform: PALU.2 [AN] Knead, mix"
592:. These balls are sometimes referred to as
513:
493:
487:
481:
470:
380:
367:) describes "edible greens" with cognates:
260:
113:
71:
1459:"Hawaiian Lau Lau Pork History and Recipe"
1064:, a similar native dish from the Caribbean
1000:or other leafy green vegetable. And where
36:
2028:"Chef Sam's Award-Winning Seafood Laulau"
1250:
710:uncooked laulau, ti leaf and foil wrapped
1973:"Lu sipi: The Tongan parcel of goodness"
1827:"Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi - Haha"
1780:"Lau Lau: Ancient Dish, Modern Delicacy"
1212:"Protoform: FAQA.1 [AN] Stalk n"
787:
778:, or "butterfish" or salt-cured salmon.
746:when speaking with a non-Samoan person.
705:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1080:
730:is sometimes added. It is enjoyed with
1931:
1907:"Protoform: SAMI [PN] ??"
1648:
892:are typically prepared in parcels, in
613:, influenced by nearby Samoa. Another
294:leaves as a primary ingredient. While
1417:R. Goebel, M. Taylor & G. Lyons.
1357:"Back to the Future' for Samoan Food"
1297:"Traditional Uses - About Breadfruit"
1158:"Protoform: LAU.1A [AN] Leaf"
7:
1707:"20 frequently used Tahitian words"
1550:"Paua Ravioli with Porae and Rukau"
1319:Eat The Weeds and other things, too
1928:(15). Bernice P Bishop Museum: 20.
1742:Taketa, Mari (22 September 2012).
1301:National Tropical Botanical Garden
902:(lit. "bull") refers to beef, and
689:refers to the young leaves of the
25:
1744:"The Lū'au Stew from He'eia Pier"
1376:"Imu - Hawaiian Underground Oven"
721:(lit. "leaf leaf") refers to the
1806:, June/July 2017, Vol. 20, No. 3
1402:. Institute of Pacific Studies,
1046:List of ancient dishes and foods
1030:
836:, is noted for its richness, or
203:
45:
1995:Daughters of the British Empire
1859:. Pacific Indigenous Institute.
1457:Stradley, Linda (26 May 2015).
1404:University of the South Pacific
1068:Lili'uokalani Protestant Church
861:(lit. "salted beef") or canned
168:
138:
66:
1853:"Hāhā with Pork and Dry 'Ōpae"
1725:"Tahitian chicken and spinach"
1399:The material culture of Tuvalu
504:) is a popular alternative to
1:
2008:Jones, Nina (19 June 2017).
774:. It is seasoned with salt,
649:(French lit. "chicken") and
624:is sometimes mixed into the
1671:"Traditional Tahitian Food"
1500:The Migrating Kitchen Trust
948:is a similar variant using
896:. Two popular versions are
2128:
1959:Polynesian Cultural Center
1586:"How to make rourou balls"
1440:"how to cook taro leaves?"
519:are used as a filling for
29:
2077:French Polynesian cuisine
1361:eCampusOntario PressBooks
920:are typical. Horse meat,
198:
44:
2112:Foods containing coconut
298:generally is known as a
2072:Native Hawaiian cuisine
965:
780:
769:
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742:
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691:
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678:
573:in a manner similar to
399:
369:
329:
277:
237:
221:
108:
96:
84:
59:
53:
1955:"Tongan Lupulu Recipe"
1568:"VitiFM OUCH Wacipoki"
1463:What's Cooking America
977:
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928:
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810:paʻapaʻa (luʻau) sami
803:
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736:
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565:(boiled or fried into
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1675:The Islands of Tahiti
1496:"Cook Island Recipes"
1476:Hutchinson, Mereana.
1315:"Ti, Good Luck Plant"
791:
709:
32:Luau (disambiguation)
2082:Cook Islands cuisine
1997:. 21 September 2021.
1851:Ahuna, Eleanor K S.
1604:"Fiji: Rourou balls"
1231:Current Anthropology
421:Austronesian peoples
1979:. 21 December 2020.
1786:. 5 September 2014.
1538:. 8 September 2023.
1446:. 27 November 2022.
832:, and like much of
643:is a thick stew of
511:In a modern twist,
501:Abelmoschus manihot
180:Serving temperature
41:
2087:Polynesian cuisine
2052:Gilbertese cuisine
1768:. 28 January 2020.
1766:Onolicious Hawaiʻi
1677:. Tahiti Tourisme.
1520:. 20 January 2019.
1355:Hillyer, Garrett.
954:(lit. "cabbage").
794:
712:
365:Nuclear Polynesian
321:Proto-Austronesian
194:(leaves and stems)
1797:Alan D. McNarie.
1748:Honolulu Magazine
1711:Tahiti HitoriGoto
1645:. CTA. p. 4.
1444:Test Food Kitchen
1237:(S4): S379–S395.
1008:cannot be found,
814:palu (luʻau) sami
217:
216:
68:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
2119:
2092:Oceanian cuisine
2067:Tuvaluan cuisine
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348:Proto-Polynesian
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302:for its starchy
288:
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209:Media: Lūʻau
207:
188:Main ingredients
160:French Polynesia
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1977:Uniquely Nelson
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1554:Fish of the Day
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1374:Labiste, Dino.
1373:
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1321:. 10 July 2017.
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1014:parchment paper
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673:
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622:instant noodles
590:stuffed cabbage
529:
476:refers to both
462:
457:
449:calcium oxalate
432:Polynesian dogs
417:Pacific Islands
410:
312:
213:
170:Region or state
140:Place of origin
63:
51:left to right:
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2102:Chicken dishes
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2097:Octopus dishes
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2062:Samoan cuisine
2059:
2057:Fijian cuisine
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1857:Kaiwakiloumoku
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1622:"Rourou balls"
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1595:
1592:. 3 June 2016.
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1380:Primitive Ways
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1010:aluminium foil
994:collard greens
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932:(chicken) and
882:
879:
877:then steamed.
834:Samoan cuisine
798:
795:
672:
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657:French cuisine
635:
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551:) is stew of
533:Fijian cuisine
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2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2014:polynesia.com
2011:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1991:"Kapisi Pulu"
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1953:Foley, Mike.
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1911:POLLEX-Online
1908:
1902:
1899:
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1893:POLLEX-Online
1890:
1884:
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1875:POLLEX-Online
1872:
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1784:polynesia.com
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1689:"Poulet Fafa"
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1426:Growables.org
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1406:. p. 65.
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1216:POLLEX-Online
1213:
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1195:
1189:
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1180:POLLEX-Online
1177:
1171:
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1162:POLLEX-Online
1159:
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1051:List of stews
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:banana leaves
1003:
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865:
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845:
844:coconut cream
840:
835:
830:
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823:
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815:
811:
807:
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796:
790:
786:
782:
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771:
764:
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752:
747:
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738:
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682:
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658:
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642:
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633:
631:
630:as a filler.
628:
623:
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612:
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568:
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428:
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407:
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377:
371:
366:
362:
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326:
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314:
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279:
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265:
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257:
255:
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247:
241:
239:
233:
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206:
201:
200:
197:
193:
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186:
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161:
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120:
116:
110:
104:
98:
92:
86:
80:
74:
70:
61:
55:
48:
43:
33:
19:
2107:Squid dishes
2032:Food Network
2031:
2022:
2013:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1948:
1934:cite journal
1925:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1846:
1836:27 September
1834:. Retrieved
1831:wehewehe.org
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
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1737:
1728:
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1710:
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1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1641:
1634:
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1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
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1499:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1462:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1412:
1398:
1388:
1379:
1369:
1360:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1269:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1132:. Retrieved
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1103:
1092:. Retrieved
1083:
1056:Laing (food)
983:
961:
885:
884:
826:
817:
813:
809:
801:
800:
776:dried shrimp
767:
748:
728:sweet potato
714:
713:
676:
674:
665:curry powder
639:
638:
637:
610:
602:
593:
583:
579:Indo-Fijians
544:
536:
530:
512:
510:
505:
499:
480:(most often
478:leafy greens
469:
466:Cook Islands
463:
460:Cook Islands
438:Building an
437:
429:
411:
388:
360:
343:
316:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
218:
164:Cook Islands
1811:November 4,
1762:"Luau Stew"
1419:"Taro Leaf"
1337:www.pbs.org
1038:Food portal
990:Swiss chard
945:Kapisi pulu
858:povi masima
640:Poulet fāfā
569:), or with
444:earthenware
425:Polynesians
115:Poulet fāfā
2046:Categories
1926:The Museum
1693:whats4eats
1626:MixFM Fiji
1394:Koch, Gerd
1252:1885/75070
1134:2021-04-19
1114:2021-04-19
1094:2021-04-19
1075:References
1020:are used.
577:by way of
559:parboiling
506:rukau dalo
495:Rukau viti
483:rukau dalo
455:Variations
440:earth oven
1804:Hana Hou!
1651:cite book
1590:FijiTimes
1536:NZ Herald
1018:corn husk
723:ti leaves
310:Etymology
174:Polynesia
1729:NZHerald
1396:(1990).
1283:USDA.org
1261:36818517
1062:Callaloo
1024:See also
972:palusami
870:Palusami
829:Palusami
804:Palusami
737:palusami
701:salt cod
661:Bouillon
627:wacipoki
616:wacipoki
611:palusami
605:wacipoki
492:dishes.
325:cognates
286:Palusami
103:Palusami
1608:Olivado
1572:YouTube
1514:"Rukau"
986:spinach
978:lū pulu
905:lū sipi
899:lū pulu
888:Lū talo
563:cassava
521:ravioli
464:In the
408:History
1482:www.ck
1259:
1016:, and
966:laulau
951:kapisi
935:lū ika
929:Lū moa
911:masima
864:pīsupo
854:brined
763:laulau
743:laulau
717:Laulau
683:stew,
671:Hawaii
646:poulet
596:rourou
539:rourou
361:Luukau
336:Rourou
330:Laulau
317:Laulau
282:, and
254:Rourou
238:Laulau
202:
144:Hawaii
135:Entree
132:Course
97:Laulau
85:Laulau
79:Rourou
60:Laulau
18:Laulau
1422:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
1257:S2CID
975:, or
958:Today
923:hoosi
894:Tonga
881:Tonga
820:luʻau
797:Samoa
757:lūʻau
686:lūʻau
679:lūʻau
599:balls
586:dolma
567:chips
515:rukau
489:rukau
472:rukau
382:Rukau
376:Luʻau
370:Lūʻau
304:corms
262:Rukau
230:Luʻau
222:Lūʻau
152:Tonga
148:Samoa
73:Rukau
54:Lūʻau
39:Lūʻau
1940:link
1838:2023
1813:2017
1657:link
998:kale
940:foil
917:kapa
875:foil
849:povi
839:lolo
781:Hāhā
770:hāhā
760:and
697:salt
692:kalo
652:fāfā
575:saag
571:roti
554:dalo
547:roro
543:(or
527:Fiji
413:Taro
400:Hāhā
394:Fāfā
296:taro
292:taro
278:Hāhā
270:Fāfā
192:Taro
156:Fiji
126:Stew
122:Type
109:Hāhā
1518:RNZ
1247:hdl
1239:doi
1004:or
732:poi
675:In
663:or
601:or
588:or
531:In
419:by
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