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Since first proposed by
Spencer in 1881, the Laurentian River system has been noted and delineated by different Ontario geoscientists (e.g. White and Karrow, 1971, Brennand et al, 1998). In this part of south-central Ontario, the Laurentian River - believed to have been a main drainage pathway for a
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During the discovery of the
Laurentian Channel, a well was drilled to investigate further. While it was being drilled, a massive burst of water, silt and gravel suddenly rocketed out of the well. Somehow, the Laurentian Channel's flow to Lake Ontario had been blocked, causing a huge pressure buildup.
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The drilling had gone down about 40 metres when a mixture of shale, gravel, sand and water exploded 15 metres up into the air. The drill had tapped into an ancient underground river! Called the
Laurentian River, it is an artesian aquifer thought to be flowing very slowly from Georgian Bay through a
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The river that drained this area, the
Laurentian River, flowed through the Toronto area. It had started from Lake Superior and flowed through the Lake Huron Basin, the Georgian Bay Basin and, through a valley in bedrock, now hidden by the Oak Ridges Moraine, to the Lake Ontario Basin and thence by
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The
Laurentian Channel, 25-30 km wide in some areas, 100 km long and greater than 100 m deep, still lacks data regarding its total size and sediments, relying on well sites for information. Sediments in the channel range from sands and gravels near the bottom and clay-like silts near the top.
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and is always at a steady flow. Its current purpose is to enrich local coldwater wildlife in the creek and relieve hydrostatic pressure. The area surrounding the outlet is stained red indicating a high iron content. The water flowing from it is naturally pure and cool, at around 6-9 degrees
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Based on this, as well as on previous gravity work completed by the
University of Waterloo (Gill and Karrow, 1996) it was suspected that one of the main outlets of the Laurentian River, a significant pre-glacial bedrock valley, was located in the vicinity of High
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significant portion of the Great Lakes Basin - flowed from the Wasaga Beach area at
Georgian Bay southwards through Simcoe County and York Region to Toronto where it has been traced into the Lake Ontario basin.
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There's an ice-age river flowing deep under Canada's largest city. There has been for at least a million years but it wasn't until last month that anyone saw any real evidence of it.
32:, Canada. The river predates the recent ice ages. The river valley was filled with glacial debris. Water still flows down this old valley—underground. The source of the
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Reuters article, about the recent discovery of the aquifer, archived at a water conservation site
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235:. York, Peel, Durham, Toronto and The Conservation Authorities Moraine Coalition. 2014-08-04
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In 2003 it was discovered that the southern section of the
Laurentian aquifer reaches under
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The bedrock under
Toronto has several dips believed to be carved by the Laurentian River.
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HTO: Toronto's Water from Lake
Iroquois to Lost Rivers to Low-flow Toilets
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Davies, Holysh, Sharpe (2008). "Groundwater Resources Study 9".
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55:. An overflow pipe is visible running into Spring Creek in
204:"Discover the natural wonders of Toronto's High Park"
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290:"Quaternary Geology: Toronto and Surrounding Area"
220:layer of sand and gravel just above bedrock level.
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143:"Ancient River Found Flowing Beneath Toronto"
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324:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
28:is an ancient underground river in southern
260:Reeves, Wayne; Palassio, Christina (2007).
20:An 1890 map of the ancient Laurentian River
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191:the St. Lawrence Valley to the Ocean.
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615:Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System
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678:Aquifers in the United States
683:Aquifer storage and recovery
430:Buried Valley Aquifer System
149:. 2003-09-19. Archived from
754:Tributaries of Lake Ontario
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480:Santa Clara valley aquifer
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450:Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer
312:Ontario Geological Survey
297:Ontario Geological Survey
89:List of rivers of Ontario
399:Laurentian River System
114:"CAMC/YPDT - High Park"
631:Yarkon-Taninim Aquifer
610:Lotikipi Basin Aquifer
490:Southern Hills Aquifer
116:. 2006. Archived from
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394:Arkell Spring Grounds
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563:Great Artesian Basin
553:Botany Sands Aquifer
268:. pp. 284–285.
233:"Oak Ridges Moraine"
175:"Before the Ice Age"
698:Sole Source Aquifer
485:Snake River Aquifer
470:San Diego Formation
445:Fox Hills Formation
744:Aquifers in Canada
573:Yarragadee Aquifer
404:Oak Ridges Moraine
94:Laurentian Channel
26:Laurentian Channel
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749:Rivers of Ontario
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703:Surficial aquifer
657:Upper Rhine Plain
605:Bas Saharan Basin
275:978-1-55245-208-0
266:Coach House Press
64:or 42-48 degrees
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693:Artesian aquifer
673:List of aquifers
666:Related articles
589:Waiwhetu Aquifer
460:Ogallala Aquifer
440:Floridan aquifer
420:Biscayne Aquifer
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688:Aquifer test
516:Lake Texcoco
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237:. Retrieved
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212:. Retrieved
210:. 2011-04-26
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183:. Retrieved
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155:. Retrieved
151:the original
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122:. Retrieved
118:the original
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53:Lake Ontario
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38:Georgian Bay
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624:Middle-East
582:New Zealand
537:Hamza River
264:. Toronto:
179:Lost Rivers
738:Categories
239:2016-02-04
214:2011-11-29
185:2011-11-29
157:2011-11-29
124:2011-11-29
100:References
66:Fahrenheit
546:Australia
57:High Park
45:High Park
722:Category
500:Wekepeke
380:Aquifers
83:See also
299:. 1980.
147:Reuters
62:Celsius
36:is the
34:aquifer
30:Ontario
640:Europe
598:Africa
509:Mexico
387:Canada
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181:. 2003
293:(PDF)
130:Park.
326:link
270:ISBN
47:in
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322:}}
318:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
