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and cartographer. Although only one original drawing by Le Moyne of an
American subject is known today—the depiction of 'Athore showing Laudonniere the Marker Column set up by Ribault,' executed in watercolor and gouache on vellum, now in the New York Public Library—the 'Brevis narratio,' published by de Bry as the second volume of his great series of publications on voyages to the New World, contains forty-two engraved illustrations and maps alleged to have been made on the spot by Le Moyne. The text by de Bry describes and analyses these images, and his book constitutes a major landmark in the literature of the early exploration of the Americas.
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and cultures, which was the artistic expression of the late sixteenth-century fascination with exploration and scientific investigation; and the third is the purely aesthetic love of flowers and gardens which was so apparent in
Elizabethan court culture. Le Moyne's work represents a transition from the medieval focus on the religious symbolism of plants in art to a Renaissance emphasis on scientific inquiry and beauty when creating botanical illustration.
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published an article in which he questions whether Le Moyne produced drawings of the
Timucua at all, based on the inexplicable lack of any definite documentation or evidence. The one existing painting believed to be by Le Moyne himself (owned by the New York Public Library) has been argued to be a replica of one of de Bry's etchings, rather than a source for it, by anthropologist and ethnohistorian
178:) are largely regarded as some of the most accessible data about the cultures of the Southeastern Coastal United States; however, many of these depictions and maps are currently being questioned by historians and archaeologists as to their authenticity. During this expedition he became known as a cartographer and an illustrator as he painted landscapes and reliefs of the land they crossed.
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and related maps, said to be based on Le Moyne's drawings by de Bry, have fallen under intense scrutiny and their legitimacy as works related to Le Moyne are considered very questionable. Jerald
Milanich, author of books on the Timucua and an archaeologist at the Florida Museum of Natural History has
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The six documented works by the artist in private hands are exquisite gouaches which embody and combine in a most original manner three diverse artistic traditions: the first is that of manuscript illumination in Le Moyne's native France; the second is the recording of exotic and native flora, fauna
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in 1591 by
Theodore de Bry under the title 'Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americai provincia Gallis acciderunt,' clearly indicates that it was the King who instructed the artist to accompany the expedition, headed by Jean Ribault and Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere, as official recording artist
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Laudonniere's expedition, though resulting in the production of the Le Moyne/de Bry publication and an important map of the coastal regions of
Florida, was ultimately a disaster; the good relations initially established with the Indian tribes inhabiting the territories around the settlement site at
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Le Moyne was born about 1533, in Dieppe, France, and died in London in 1588. The first thirty years of his life are undocumented, but it seems reasonable to suppose that he trained as an artist in his native town, which was at the time a notable center both for cartography and for illumination. Le
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The most extravagant and exquisitely wrought of all Le Moyne's floral works are the six miniature-like gouaches from the Korner collection. Purchased as the work of an anonymous
Netherlandish artist of circa 1600, their authorship was recognized by art historians Dr. Rosy Schilling and Mr. Paul
277:, which are based on recreations Le Moyne produced from memory. These reproductions, distributed by Le Moyne in printed volumes, are some of the earliest images of European colonization in the New World to be circulated. Le Moyne died in London in 1588, and his detailed account of the voyage,
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in 1856 solely for its fine sixteenth-century French binding, were in fact by Le Moyne. Savage's publications relating to this discovery prepared the way for subsequent attribution to the artist of other important groups of drawings and watercolors, which form the core of his known oeuvre.
193:. He then sailed back to France for supplies and settlers. However, he was not able to reinforce the fort because while he had been gone, civil war had broken out in France. A truce in 1564 allowed Laudonniere to lead a new expedition, which founded
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Until well into the 20th century, knowledge of
Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues was extremely limited, and largely confined to the footnotes of inaccessible ethnographic bibliographies, where he figures as the writer and illustrator of a short history of
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Hutton, by comparison with the drawings by Le Moyne in the
British Museum. These are generally similar in conception to the watercolors in the British Museum, and must also date from around 1585. A number of his works are held in the
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group who lived at the mouth of the St. Johns in the area of Fort
Caroline. Le Moyne also accompanied several inland expeditions from Ft. Caroline, and he made illustrations of many of the scenes he witnessed.
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near present-day Jacksonville. Painting in the Calvinist style, he is mostly known for his artistic depictions of the landscape, flora, fauna, and, most importantly, the inhabitants of the
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All but one of Le Moyne's original drawings were reportedly destroyed in the Spanish attack on Fort Caroline; most of the images attributed to him are actually
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in 1572, ultimately settling in England. Le Moyne ended his career as a highly regarded botanical artist in Elizabethan London, where his patrons included
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464:"Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues | A Sheet of Studies of Flowers: A Rose, a Heartsease, a Sweet Pea, a Garden Pea, and a Lax-flowered Orchid | The Met"
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St. Johns soon soured, in addition to which various members of the French party became disaffected, and revolted against their leaders.
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in 1562 and erected a stone monument there before leading the party north and establishing an outpost of two dozen or so soldiers on
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Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues (about 1533–1588, Apple (Malus pumila Millervar), 1568–1572, Watercolour and body colour on paper
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thirty miles to the south, attacked Laudonniere's stronghold at Fort Caroline. The Spanish, under the leadership of
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Le Moyne's highly important account of this transatlantic voyage, known today from a Latin edition published in
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The final coup de grâce came a year later, when a Spanish force from the Spanish colony of
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Milanich, Jerald, "The Devil in the Details", Archaeology, May/June 2005, pp. 27–31.
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Painter in a Savage Land: The Strange Saga of the First European Artist in North America
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life and culture, colonial life, and plants are of extraordinary historical importance.
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Hulton, Paul (1962). "An Album of Plant Drawings by Jacques le Moyne de Morgues".
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The Work of Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues: A Huguenot Artist in France and Florida
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See: Milanich, Jerald, "The Devil in the Details", Archaeology, May/June 2005.
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A Rose, a Heartsease, a Sweet Pea, a Garden Pea, and a Lax-flowered Orchid
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Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americai provincia Gallis acciderunt
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settlement in Florida. In 1922, however, Spencer Savage, librarian of the
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Gallica, la bibliothèque numérique (Bibliothèque nationale de France):
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The written accounts and artwork of Le Moyne at Fort Caroline in 1564
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Théodore de Bry, Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues and the Timucua Indians
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Exploring Florida: Jacques Le Moyne: Images of the engravings
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Exploration of Florida by Ribault and Laudonniere, 1564, by
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The Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Journal of Florida Literature
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The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 10th Edition
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no. AM.3267Y-1856 Victoria and Albert Museum, London
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Labour, Science and Technology in France, 1500-1620
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The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum
511:Victoria & Albert search: Le Moyne de Morgues
146:Le Moyne accompanied the French expedition of
613:Robert Viking O'Brien's article on LeMoyne's
181:Jean Ribault first explored the mouth of the
150:in an ill-fated attempt to colonize northern
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134:Moyne probably worked at the court of King
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170:(known through their reproduction by the
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197:on the St. Johns Bluff in what is now
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112:attempt in 1564–5 to establish a
32:Jacques le Moyne de Sainte-Hélène
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411:"Apple (Malus pumila Millervar)"
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439:"Lemoyne De Morgues, Jacques"
191:Parris Island, South Carolina
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27:French artist (c. 1533–1588)
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419:Victoria and Albert Museum
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158:in 1564, and soon founded
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261:Drawings and authenticity
223:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
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