664:. Kalmeter visited Leadhills, and heard how the mines came into the Hope family by a marriage to an heiress. He described the Raik or Reckhead vein, mined at the High Works, the Brown vein, and Laverock Hall vein, and "Watboth" vein. Timber for the mines was brought from Annandale. Lord Hopetoun exported the ore to a company of merchants in Rotterdam. The Hope crushing mill and windmill in Leith had been forced to close due to commercial pressure from the Rotterdam company. Kalmeter drew a diagram of the smelting-hearth method used at Leadhills.The nearby lead mines at Wanlockhead belonged to the Duke of Queensberry. Kalmeter visited other mines in Scotland, commented briefly on some historic sites, and described the
338:
115:
19:
592:
154:
487:(1614–1661) in 1639 when he married Anna Foulis (died 1656), including the site at Waterhead and Overglengonnar. After he obtained the lands, Hope abandoned a legal career. It was said that Hope employed many poor people in the works, keeping "mony pure and indigent pepill in the leid mynes and be his meanis had a lyfliehood". Some prisoners who had fought with
292:. They were permitted to export lead ore to Flanders. In 1566 their rights were disputed by another group of prospectors and mine operators, John Johnston, Robert Kerr, and John Gibson. Gibson had a contract for lead dating back to October 1560, which he had transferred to Johnston, James Lindsay, and Aslowan. Johnston and Ker were also factors for the
507:. He travelled to meet his commercial contacts and see new technology; visiting and working in the laboratory of a chemist or metallurgist, Frans Rooy, to make assays of ore; meeting a German broker Peter Hexe who was trying to inflate the value of lead ore containing silver; and recruiting lead smelters who worked for Jean Meinershagen of
427:. Fechtenburg said that Edzell's samples of ores were more promising than an assay made by Foulis' other experts. Foulis obtained a royal grant to prospect and mine for gold, silver, lead, tin and other metals, in Lanarkshire in April 1594. The grant included the mines previously worked or managed by George Douglas.
400:
The agreed rate was fifty ounces of silver for every 1,000 stone weight of lead ore. An ounce of fine silver was worth 40 Scottish shillings. In
December 1593 complaints were made that George Douglas of Parkhead had extracted far more lead ore than the quota corresponding to the silver duty he had contracted to pay.
566:
Lady
Margaret revived a plan to build a church for the miners at Leadhills, and made it easier for miners to leave or change their employment, thus reversing the working conditions previously instituted by James Hope. Her new employment policy was drafted as an "article for liberty". She invested in
399:
Around this time, there was a debate whether it was more profitable to refine ores in
Scotland (where local expertise was said to be scarce) or export them abroad. Much of the lead ore contained a proportion of valuable silver, from which the crown and the Master of Mines hoped to maximise revenue.
491:
were sent to work in the mines. Much information about Hope and his mines can be found in his own diaries, which are published and available online. Hope recorded his dreams, which included watching workers operating a hand pump. He explored mining for lead at abandoned workings at
Wanlockhead in
395:
Two weeks later, George
Douglas was allowed the tack (a nineteen-year lease) of mines or workings at the Waterhead or Over Glengonar near Leadhills. The resource was apparently under-exploited and Eustachius Roche's rights were set aside. Parkhead was encouraged to set his men to work at the mine
546:
to legislate to help his business; by preventing middle-men in Leith selling his lead ore destined for export; and by preventing competing mine owners from making offers to employ his workmen. Similar legislation had already been enacted for workers in coal mines and salt pans, and seems to have
791:. They saw timber being carted to the works. The party stayed at an inn managed by Mrs Otto rather than the Hopetoun Arms at Leadhills. She was told that the Company House, or a mansion belonging to the Hope family, was H-shaped, representing the Hope family, but realised this was not true.
312:
The Earl of Atholl arranged for Luke Wilson, with James
Johnston of Kellobank and Robert Ker, to manage his mining contract with the queen. The treasurer's accounts include the receipt of duty on exported ore. The Wilson family gained a property in the area at "Bakke", near
173:
encouraged lead mining. He employed a specialist, a "fineur" or refiner, Andrew
Ireland, to process lead ore. He employed miners at Wanlockhead, directed by a priest "schir" James Pettigrew. William Striveling managed a mine on Islay. The lead from Islay was shipped to
392:, the royal Master of Mines, asking for his decision about the mining concessions made between the prospector Eustachius Roche and her husband. She had been obliged to order her miners to suspend working, putting them to other work or laying them off.
660:. Kalmeter had an uncle who taught music in Edinburgh. Proprietors were naturally secretive about their methods, anxious to protect their commercial advantages, so Kalmeter's and James Hope of Hopetoun's travels can be regarded as early forms of
192:
to a man who brought some lead. Beyond the potential revenue and the use of lead in his projects, James IV was interesting in metallurgy for his gun founding, and in alchemy, through which he hoped to find a universal cure known as the
232:) to work lead mines at Crawfordmure or Sanquhar, a possible source of lead for the Linlithgow pipework. Crichton's charter allowed him to employ English miners. He was a courtier and associated with the affairs of Robert Crichton,
453:
authorised Foulis's carriers to have a lead badge with the king's arms and wear Foulis's own insignia, and anyone who tried to rob them would be executed. Thomas Foulis's businesses came unstuck, and his relation, the diplomat
325:, a staging post on the route from the mines to Edinburgh. Robert Johnston managed the Atholl contract between 1571 and 1573. Barrels containing lead ore for export to Flanders were officially marked with branding irons by the
618:. The operation was not very successful, facing competition from the nearby Hope mines, and their methods, including drainage pumps operated by hand, proved inadequate and uncompetitive. Stansfield initiated a project to make
699:
The
Susanna vein carried a lead ore in the form of rectangular shining crystals. The lead was transported to Leith, and shipped to Holland where it was processed again to extract the silver. The final use was manufacture of
780:
remarked that the machinery had "made the first step from brute matter to life and purpose", while
Coleridge called it "a giant with one idea". She thought the building resembled a fortress in a woodcut illustration for
263:
Profits from gold mines and silver mines in
Scotland were understood to belong to the crown, and a proportionate tax was levied. Lead was not used for coinage and had a different legal status, but according to the
776:. She was interested to note the small plots of land cultivated by the villagers, in contrast to her experience of the English countryside. They saw a large stone building holding a beam engine to pump water.
563:. She managed the family mines and improved facilities at Leith where there was a wind-powered mill for processing the ore. The lead product for export was known as "potter's ore", used for glazing ceramics.
458:
leased the lead mines to others. William Stanhope took over some of Foulis's mines. The men Stanhope employed to carry lead to Leith sold it instead, and they also took timber from his wood at Dalpedder near
126:
Early references to mining are sparse. The earliest archival evidence relates to mining at Leadhills and Wanlockhead area at Glengonnar Water and at the "Frier Muir" in a 1239 charter of
772:
654:
Henry Kalmeter was a young Swedish writer who came to Scotland in 1719 and 1720 to report on mining and new technologies. He was employed by the Swedish mining authority, the
146:
obtained a substantial quantity of lead ore in 1466. Early references to Scottish silver may indicate metal obtained from lead ore. There is documentation of lead in use, and
688:. The mines were operated by three companies except a few were managed directly by Lord Hopetoun. Smelt mills, furnaces, for refining the lead ore were fueled with coal from
317:, when Luke's son married Katherine Johnsoun. Luke Wilson was a prominent Edinburgh burgess who had been tasked in 1561 to organise a pageant and a banquet to celebrate the
1775:
236:. John Carmichael of Meadowflat was Captain of Crawfordmure, and there was a residence at Crawfordjohn Castle, frequently visited by James V and at least once by his wife
1893:
Mike Cressey, 'The identification of early lead mining: environmental, archaeological and historical perspectives from Islay', University of Edinburgh PhD thesis, 1996
708:
pigment. The agent and manager was still James Stirling. Other sources mention lead compounds used to make pottery glazes. Later, two specific forms of lead ore,
622:
drinking glasses at Leith. Standsfield was murdered by his son Philip in November 1687. Later pumps were powered by stream water, by horses, and by steam engine.
1840:
794:
Coleridge later used the memorable formula, "a giant with one idea", developed during their discussion at Wanlockhead, to describe the character of the English
318:
1014:, 17 (Edinburgh, 1897), p. 128: Royal visits to Crawfordjohn can be traced in the treasurer's accounts and the household books (E31, E32) held by the
685:
615:
419:
In March 1594 one of Foulis' mining experts Bernard Fechtenburg was tempted away from his works by Lord Menmuir, the Master of Metals, to work for
369:
and in Orkney. In June 1581 Parkhead's interest in the lead mines and all the stocks of lead ore were confiscated and given to the royal favourite
1912:
389:
1286:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1957), p. 314: Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596',
503:. He was haunted by an image in a dream of the potential riches as a tree of pure silver. He exported lead with a partner, Francis Vanhoght of
488:
337:
1907:
556:
435:
408:
On 20 December 1593 George Douglas and his son James made over some of their lead mining rights in Glengonnar to the goldsmith and financier
248:
Lead extraction continued at Crawfurdmure, where a cleric "sir" Charles Forrest looked after two French refiners in 1553 during the rule of
420:
374:
1688:
1672:
1475:
1410:
1368:
795:
736:
560:
143:
228:, with some success. The barony of Crawfordjohn came into James's hands in 1536, and he licensed Ninian Crichton of Bellibocht (at
1727:
1558:
293:
229:
721:
681:
635:
646:, survives. Stirling and Lord Hopetoun donated books to form the Miner's Library in 1741, the institution still flourishes.
1015:
927:
852:
455:
370:
114:
1454:(Scottish Cultural Press, 1993), p. 91: Charlotte Bassett, 'Lead-Mining and the Lead Industry in Scotland, 1680-1780',
1163:
18:
1728:
Korean team claims to have created the first room-temperature, ambient-pressure superconductor, Phys Org, 27 July 2023
468:
384:
George Douglas of Parkhead regained ownership of some lead mines. His wife, Marion Douglas (heiress of Parkhead, near
314:
856:
751:
had sent William Striveling to open a mine in 1511, and there is archaeological evidence of mining as early as 1360.
680:
came to Leadhills in May 1760, and wrote a description in a letter to his sister. The mining area mostly belonged to
1874:
1917:
1864:
689:
639:
385:
354:
1569:
178:, and possibly refined there before it was carted to Edinburgh. At the end of February 1512, when James IV was at
1348:
450:
322:
301:
268:
of 1559, because silver was routinely extracted from the lead ore mining rights were also reserved to the crown.
257:
51:
213:. The records do not specify where the lead he used came from (and much was recycled). Some of the lead used at
130:. These and other mines are mentioned as landmarks in subsequent charters in Crawford or Crawfurdmure Parish at
643:
496:
467:
also became a partner in the lead mines. One of his employees, Thomas Harvey, was robbed by men from Biggar at
277:
194:
1139:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), p. 245, citing National Records of Scotland, Register of Deeds, RD XX(2), 431.
1084:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1921), p. 750 no. 4954: T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
209:. He worked on gutters and roofing and maintained the fountain at Linlithgow Palace in the summer of 1543 for
832:(London, 1967), pp. 103–135: Charlotte Bassett, 'Lead-Mining and the Lead Industry in Scotland, 1680-1780',
767:
225:
103:
1850:
1807:
656:
543:
484:
727:
Pococke visited Garleis Castle and saw apparently unsuccessful mine workings near Newton Stewart and the
744:
67:
1148:
883:
102:
which were used to separate heavy lead ores. Significant and notable industrial heritage includes the
1922:
748:
661:
631:
614:
from 1675, with his partners William Blackett and John Lindsay. They operated under licence from the
289:
210:
170:
38:. It was used as roofing material for high-status buildings, to make the pipework of the fountain at
138:
mining area, where lead, gold, and silver were found, was generally known as Crawfurdmure. Patrick,
580:
568:
504:
206:
179:
1883:
591:
1364:
1122:(Edinburgh, 1982), p. 56 no. 340, p. 57 no. 345, p. 110 no. 651: Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1027:
952:
867:
777:
759:
720:, another form found at Leadhills, was used by Korean physicists in 2023 in an attempt to make a
218:
139:
913:(Edinburgh, 1839), p. 6, "away takin of Im stane of leid ure ... out of his lands of fre mure".
377:
made a contract to sell lead ore to Flanders merchants. In June 1585, Arran leased the mines to
153:
1647:
479:
Foulis's holdings at Leadhills were operated by John Fairlie. He supplied lead for the roof of
1879:
990:
817:
665:
576:
524:
480:
431:
326:
158:
59:
39:
1825:
Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and the Modalities of Fragmentation
959:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1902), pp. 273-4, 333, 376, "schir" was a title used by graduate clergy.
252:. These workers moved to "Mure Madzeane" where their expenses were paid by David Hamilton of
1459:
1261:, K.M. Brown et al eds (St Andrews, 2007-2018), 1594/4/82. Date accessed: 28 September 2018.
1115:
837:
701:
378:
798:
740:
693:
677:
603:
439:
214:
127:
71:
1855:
1623:
559:. As the widow of John Hope of Hopetoun (died 1682), she was the legal tutor of her son
1869:
1751:
1315:
572:
350:
304:
found in favour of Johnston and Aslowan and their "ejection" of Acheson from his tack.
87:
1886:
Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society
1595:
Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society
1517:
A Perfect List of the Several Persons Residenters in Scotland who subscribed ..., 1696
1385:
Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society
1901:
732:
602:
Colonel James Stampfield, Standsfield, or Stansfield, proprietor of a cloth works at
424:
409:
388:), helped manage their mines. On 6 August 1592 Marion Douglas wrote from Parkhead to
346:
253:
237:
233:
184:
926:(Linlithgow, 1879), p. 113 (lead pipework within the fountain was also recovered by
1331:
868:
Unearthing the story of Scotland's industrial ghost village, BBC News, 10 July 2022
787:
607:
464:
446:
396:
right away to maximise royal profit (paid in fine silver) in the current tax year.
249:
131:
1790:(New York, 1874), pp. 15-22. Dorothy Wordsworth's recollected image from Bunyan's
1034:, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 206, the title "sir" was used by a graduate priest.
941:
Transactions of the Dumfriesshire Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society
280:
and his partner John Aslowan obtained a contract for lead mines in Glengonnar, or
782:
713:
611:
596:
366:
358:
285:
189:
135:
63:
1795:
705:
619:
119:
99:
91:
118:
Site of abandoned 19th-century lead workings and settlement at Woodhead near
1452:
Scottish Lifestyle 300 Years Ago: New Light on Edinburgh and Border Families
763:
717:
709:
413:
362:
281:
221:. On two occasions the supplies of lead earmarked for his work were stolen.
175:
83:
79:
55:
1463:
972:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1957), pp. 189, 225, 261, and the household books and
841:
1490:
Andrew Spicer, 'Church building and the Religious Landscape in Scotland',
634:. The fortunes of the company were revived in 1734 when the mathematician
1892:
728:
716:, identified and described in 1832, were named after the Leadhills vein.
532:
528:
512:
500:
297:
743:. He was told that lead was plentiful on Islay. The 16th-century writer
630:
In 1715, lead mining at Leadhills was encouraged by the founding of the
1715:
539:
he made enquiries about hiring experts from the Derbyshire lead mines.
536:
508:
460:
147:
75:
1845:
1415:(Edinburgh, 1958), pp. 129, 132-5, 137, 162-3, 173-6, 188-9, 192, 196
520:
47:
43:
35:
1841:
Lead and zinc ores of Scotland, British Geological Survey: Earthwise
1764:
Munro's Western Isles of Scotland and Genealogies of the Clans, 1549
1614:(Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 20021), pp. 127-143.
1302:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 395: Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
217:, where Robert Murray worked on another fountain, was shipped from
142:, defended the rights of his house to the lead from the area after
1318:, 'The Octavians', in Miles Kerr-Peterson and Steven J. Reid ed.,
590:
336:
152:
113:
95:
23:
17:
1658:
T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
1634:
T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
1580:
T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
1503:
T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
828:
T. C. Smout, 'Leadmining in Scotland, 1650–1850', Peter L Payne,
430:
Foulis was asked to obtain lead in England to repair the roof of
747:
mentioned lead on Islay, noting "mekle leid ure in Moychaolis".
527:
in April 1646. There, lead shot was hardened by the addition of
31:
1677:(Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1978), pp. 1-2, 26-34, 50
30:
Lead ore has been mined and refined in Scotland for centuries.
1788:
Recollections of a Tour Made in Scotland by Dorothy Wordsworth
1347:
James J. Brown, "Merchant Princes and Mercantile Investment",
471:
in 1600 while carrying a chest with rich clothing and jewels.
445:
In June 1597 after one of Foulis's convoys carrying lead from
321:. He may have the man named Luke Wilson who in 1542 lived at
50:. Lead was a valuable commodity, with rights reserved to the
42:, to glaze windows, and in the manufacture of alloys such as
692:
and turf or peat. The villagers used coal from a mine near
1521:
Union and Empire: The Making of the United Kingdom in 1707
1865:
Woodhead Mine, Carsphairn, Northern Mine Research Society
1060:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 232, 433–6, 375–7, 483–4.
1532:
Miles Glendinning, Ranald MacInnes, Aonghus MacKechnie,
1856:
Bob Reekie, 'A Special Place: The Lead Mining Museum',
1078:
Extracts from the Burgh Records of Edinburgh, 1557-1571
495:
Hope also tried to obtain and work the silver mine at
161:
in 1538, and parts of the roof were covered with lead
1194:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 92: Margaret H. B. Sanderson,
1058:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1545–1569
569:
Company of Scotland trading to Africa and the Indies
449:
towards Edinburgh was robbed by border outlaws, the
276:
In January 1562 the goldsmith and royal mint worker
1179:
Virgins and Viragos: A History of Women in Scotland
1851:Leadhills mining history, Leadhills Heritage Trust
1480:(Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1978), p. 29
1259:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1492:God's Bounty?: The Churches and the Natural World
1137:The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship
1112:The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship
511:. Hope examined furnaces for refining and making
1870:Carsphairn: Woodhead Lead Mines. Galloway Retold
1413:Ninth Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
1398:Third Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
1371:Third Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
567:1696 as an adventurer in the joint-stock of the
555:Margaret Hamilton (1649-1711) was a daughter of
341:Old lead mine workings at the head of Glengonnar
1396:James Balfour Paul, 'Diary of Sir James Hope',
1072:, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1970), pp. 88, 110, 273:
997:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1921), pp. 303-4 no. 2064.
531:. Hope returned to Scotland via London, and at
1593:T. C. Smout, 'The lead mines at Wanlockhead',
1383:T. C. Smout, 'The lead mines at Wanlockhead',
939:T. C. Smout, 'The lead mines at Wanlockhead',
924:A History of the Town and Palace of Linlithgow
731:. He visited a lead mine at Castlandhill near
300:or lease for lead mines, granted in 1565. The
1167:(Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 41 no. 121, 43 no. 129
22:Abandoned lead mine buildings at Mulreesh on
8:
1427:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1304:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1235:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1222:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1209:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1192:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
1124:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
880:Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland
517:L'ousine ou l'ouvrages de la blanch plumbier
157:Lead pipes brought water to the fountain at
54:, and was exported abroad. Centres included
1519:(Glasgow, 1827), p. 15: Allan I. Macinnes,
595:Former smelt mill for processing lead ore,
1875:Carsphairn Archive: Leadmining at Woodhead
1846:Museum of Lead Mining, Wanlockhead Village
911:Acta Auditorum: Acts of the Lords Auditors
1776:Lead Mining on Islay, Mike Cressey, ScARF
1675:Scottish Industrial History, A Miscellany
1648:Scot's Mining Company House, HES GDL00339
1610:(Edinburgh, 2018), p. 58: Jill Turnbull,
1478:Scottish Industrial History, A Miscellany
1338:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 101, 124.
1300:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
1224:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 77-8, 87-91, 93-6.
1794:may have included the wooden gaffs of a
1742:(Edinburgh: SHS, 1887), pp. 19, 93, 283.
1673:'Henry Kalmeter's Travels in Scotland',
1494:(Boydell & Brewer, 2010), pp. 263-5.
1476:'Henry Kalmeter's Travels in Scotland',
1114:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), p. 172:
1047:(Edinburgh, Bannatyne Club, 1824), p. 6.
773:Recollections of a Tour Made in Scotland
205:Robert Murray was the Master Plumber to
1288:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
810:
412:, who became known as Thomas Foulis of
329:, which was known as the "Cunze Hous".
1624:The Beam Engine, Museum of Lead Mining
1456:Journal of Scottish Historical Studies
1441:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1861), pp. 290-1.
1373:(Edinburgh, 1919), pp. 101-2, 109, 161
1198:(East Linton: Tuckwell, 2002), p. 153.
1120:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland
834:Journal of Scottish Historical Studies
349:ruled Scotland on behalf of the young
226:look for gold in the lead mining areas
1273:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1816), pp. 84-5.
1070:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
684:with some mines on the estate of the
610:, improved the Straitsteps Mine near
557:John Hamilton, 4th Earl of Haddington
547:restricted the freedom of labourers.
434:in 1594, during preparations for the
188:, he gave 5 shillings as a reward or
7:
1740:Tours in Scotland by Richard Pococke
1704:Tours in Scotland by Richard Pococke
1690:Tours in Scotland by Richard Pococke
1660:Studies in Scottish Business History
1636:Studies in Scottish Business History
1582:Studies in Scottish Business History
1570:Portrait details, Paul Mellon Centre
1505:Studies in Scottish Business History
1086:Studies in Scottish Business History
830:Studies in Scottish Business History
1814:, vol. 2 (London, 1851), pp. 447-8.
1271:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
1249:, vol. 1 (London, 1849), pp. 342-4.
901:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1851), p. 171.
642:for Stirling, probably designed by
319:royal entry of Mary, Queen of Scots
561:Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun
463:. The English mining entrepreneur
110:History of lead mining in Scotland
14:
1884:'The lead mines at Wanlockhead',
1608:Scotland in Revolution, 1685-1690
1353:The Early Modern Town in Scotland
1322:(Abingdon, 2017), pp. 182, 184-6.
587:Blackett, Lindsay, and Stansfield
542:Hope successfully petitioned the
1752:Robolls Hill, Islay: Canmore HES
1534:History of Scottish Architecture
1425:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1355:(Croom Helm, 1987), pp. 138–139.
1233:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1220:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1207:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1190:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
1074:Protocol Book of Thomas Johnsoun
878:Robert William Cochran-Patrick,
818:Mulreesh Lead Mines, HES Canmore
766:and a visit to Wanlockhead with
1429:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 174-177.
1290:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 79, 87.
1284:Accounts of the Masters of Work
1150:HMC Salisbury Hatfield: Addenda
970:Accounts of the Masters of Work
722:room-temperature superconductor
357:was involved in lead mining at
34:was typically found as the ore
1913:Industrial history of Scotland
1706:(Edinburgh: SHS, 1887), p. 43.
1559:Portrait of Lady Margaret Hope
1045:Discours Particulier D'Escosse
899:Originales Parochiales Scotiae
638:was appointed as a manager. A
579:. Her portrait was painted by
551:Lady Margaret Hope of Hopetoun
266:Discours Particulier D'Escosse
1:
1860:, 36 (Spring 2001), pp. 18-21
1827:(Princeton, 1981), pp. 57-58.
1812:Memoirs of William Wordsworth
1692:(Edinburgh: SHS, 1887), p. 42
1400:(Edinburgh, 1919), pp. 155-6]
1336:Register of the Privy Council
1306:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 101-2.
1016:National Archives of Scotland
943:, vol. 39 (1962), pp. 144-58.
928:Historic Environment Scotland
882:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. xxxiv:
853:Historic Environment Scotland
571:, and in 1698 began building
483:in 1620. The mines passed to
98:. Abandoned workings include
1908:Economic history of Scotland
1888:, vol. 39 (1962), pp. 144-58
1597:, vol. 39 (1962), pp. 146-7.
1237:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 97-8.
1211:(Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 93-6.
857:Wanlockhead Beam Engine, HES
770:in 1803, later published as
371:James Stewart, Earl of Arran
224:James V sent prospectors to
182:trialling his new ship, the
1612:The Scottish Glass Industry
1458:, 39.2 (2019), pp. 116-145
1450:Helen & Roger Kelsall,
1439:Domestic Annals of Scotland
1411:'Diary of Sir James Hope',
1369:'Diary of Sir James Hope',
1152:, 13 (London, 1915), p. 281
1080:(Edinburgh, 1875), p. 131:
1012:Exchequer Rolls of Scotland
836:, 39.2 (2019), pp. 116-145
515:at the "White Lead" works,
244:Lead and the Scottish crown
1939:
1523:(Cambridge, 2007), p. 174.
1101:(Edinburgh, 1982), p. 184.
1082:Register of the Privy Seal
1010:(Tuckwell, 1998), p. 270:
995:Register of the Privy Seal
989:(Tuckwell, 1998), p. 199:
640:house built by the company
386:Douglas, South Lanarkshire
355:George Douglas of Parkhead
1536:(Edinburgh, 1996), p. 97.
1387:, vol. 39 (1962), p. 145.
1165:Heraldry of the Douglases
1126:(Edinburgh, 1878), p. 68.
1032:Accounts of the Treasurer
957:Accounts of the Treasurer
897:Cosmo Innes, 'Crawford',
333:George and Marion Douglas
150:serving the royal court.
1549:(Edinburgh, 1988), p. 9.
1320:James VI and Noble Power
1181:(Collins, 1983), p. 147.
1662:(London, 1967), p. 125.
1638:(London, 1967), p. 120.
1584:(London, 1967), p. 117.
1507:(London, 1967), p. 121.
1088:(London, 1967), p. 110.
768:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
616:Marquess of Queensberry
436:baptism of Prince Henry
104:Wanlockhead beam engine
1808:Christopher Wordsworth
1545:Rosalind K. Marshall,
1464:10.3366/jshs.2019.0273
1177:Rosalind K. Marshall,
842:10.3366/jshs.2019.0273
676:The English traveller
599:
544:Parliament of Scotland
485:James Hope of Hopetoun
342:
162:
123:
27:
1738:Daniel William Kemp,
1702:Daniel William Kemp,
1687:Daniel William Kemp,
1247:Lives of the Lindsays
1099:Scotland under Morton
594:
373:. Arran and his wife
340:
156:
117:
68:Dumfries and Galloway
21:
1716:Susanna Mine, Mindat
1162:G. Harvey Johnston,
762:described a tour of
749:James IV of Scotland
735:on the lands of the
662:industrial espionage
632:Scots Mining Company
290:Mary, Queen of Scots
211:Mary, Queen of Scots
171:James IV of Scotland
1858:Edinburgh Geologist
686:Duke of Queensberry
519:, beside the river
456:Master David Foulis
353:, his half-brother
207:James V of Scotland
1823:Thomas McFarland,
1365:James Balfour Paul
1056:John Hill Burton,
1028:James Balfour Paul
953:James Balfour Paul
778:William Wordsworth
760:Dorothy Wordsworth
755:Dorothy Wordsworth
739:, owner of nearby
600:
361:, Glengonnar, and
343:
163:
140:Abbot of Newbattle
124:
28:
1918:Mines in Scotland
1076:, p. 69 no. 348:
991:David Hay Fleming
729:Ferrytown of Cree
666:Leith Sugar House
577:South Queensferry
481:Linlithgow Palace
432:Linlithgow Palace
421:Sir David Lindsay
375:Elizabeth Stewart
159:Linlithgow Palace
60:South Lanarkshire
40:Linlithgow Palace
1930:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1799:
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1606:Alasdair Raffe,
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1146:
1140:
1135:Steven J. Reid,
1133:
1127:
1116:Gordon Donaldson
1110:Steven J. Reid,
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1043:Thomas Thomson,
1041:
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966:
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937:
931:
920:
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908:
902:
895:
889:
885:Reg. de Neubotle
876:
870:
865:
859:
850:
844:
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820:
815:
696:in their homes.
379:Eustachius Roche
1938:
1937:
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1196:A Kindly Place?
1189:
1185:
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1097:George Hewitt,
1096:
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1005:
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985:Jamie Cameron,
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799:Thomas Clarkson
757:
741:Aberdour Castle
694:Sanquhar Castle
678:Richard Pococke
674:
672:Richard Pococke
652:
628:
589:
553:
477:
440:Stirling Castle
406:
335:
310:
274:
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215:Falkland Palace
203:
195:quinta essentia
168:
128:Newbattle Abbey
112:
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11:
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1836:
1835:External links
1833:
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1768:
1766:(1961), p. 55.
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1547:John de Medina
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737:Earl of Morton
673:
670:
657:Bergskollegium
651:
650:Henry Kalmeter
648:
636:James Stirling
627:
626:James Stirling
624:
588:
585:
581:John de Medina
573:Hopetoun House
552:
549:
525:Liège Province
476:
473:
405:
402:
351:James VI and I
334:
331:
309:
306:
294:Earl of Atholl
273:
270:
260:the assassin.
258:James Hamilton
245:
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202:
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167:
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90:; Woodhead at
88:Newton Stewart
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1786:J. C.Shairp,
1783:
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250:Regent Arran
247:
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132:Crawfordjohn
125:
72:Beinn Chùirn
62:and nearby,
29:
15:
1923:Lead mining
1880:T. C. Smout
1726:Bob Yirka,
783:John Bunyan
714:leadhillite
612:Wanlockhead
597:Wanlockhead
367:Lanarkshire
359:Wanlockhead
308:Luke Wilson
190:drinksilver
136:Lanarkshire
134:, and this
100:buddle pits
64:Wanlockhead
1902:Categories
1796:drawbridge
805:References
706:white lead
505:Middelburg
497:Hilderston
475:James Hope
296:who had a
120:Carsphairn
92:Carsphairn
974:Despences
764:Nithsdale
718:Lanarkite
710:susannite
604:New Mills
414:Leadhills
363:Leadhills
282:Leadhills
230:Glencairn
176:Dumbarton
84:Minnigaff
80:Strontian
56:Leadhills
1792:Holy War
887:, p. 110
788:Holy War
702:red lead
533:Grantham
529:orpiment
513:copperas
501:Bathgate
489:Montrose
469:Abington
315:Roberton
180:Newhaven
166:James IV
148:plumbers
1008:James V
987:James V
690:Douglas
537:Stilton
523:in the
509:Cologne
461:Mennock
286:Wanlock
76:Tyndrum
521:Vesdre
492:1647.
323:Biggar
284:, and
94:; and
48:latten
44:pewter
36:galena
575:near
499:near
345:When
96:Islay
86:near
74:near
52:crown
24:Islay
712:and
704:and
535:and
298:tack
219:Hull
46:and
32:Lead
1460:doi
838:doi
785:'s
438:at
423:of
365:in
197:".
66:in
58:in
1904::
1882:,
1810:,
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82:;
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840::
193:"
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26:.
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