605:"that transforms the critical scholarship of social science into a critical practice of wilderness recreation, addresses the global economic system...and reinvents wilderness recreation as a more collaborative, participatory, productive, democratic, and radical form of political action". They also write about how "the LNT logo becomes both a corporate brand and an official stamp of approval" in outdoor recreation stores like
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not exist in its current form without a plethora of consumer products;" that "the use of such products does not erase environmental impacts;" and that LNT "systematically obscures these impacts, displacements, and connections by encouraging the false belief that it is possible to 'leave no trace'".
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seeing a five-fold increase between 1950 and 1970, from 33 million to 172 million. Articles were written about the wild being “loved to death,” problems with overcrowding and ecological damage, and the need for management. To solve this, regulations were imposed, including limits on group sizes and
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In 2012, in response to critiques of their 2009 article, Simon and
Alagona wrote that they "remain steadfast in our endorsement of LNT’s value and potential" but that they believe that "this simple ethic is not enough in a world of global capital circulation." They write that Leave No Trace "could
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In 2009, Gregory Simon and Peter
Alagona argued that there should be a move beyond Leave No Trace, and that the ethic "disguises much about human relationships with non-human nature" by making it seem that parks and wilderness areas are "pristine nature" which "erases their human histories, and
597:, and the environment", and that it "helped ally the modern backpacker with the wilderness recreation industry" by encouraging backpackers to purchase products advertising Leave No Trace, or asking people to bring a petroleum stove instead of building a natural campfire.
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By the 1960s and 1970s, outdoor recreation was becoming more popular, following the creation of equipment such as synthetic tents and sleeping pads. A commercial interest in the outdoors increased the number of visitors to national parks, with the
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in response to ecological damage caused by wilderness recreation. In 1994, the non-profit Leave No Trace Center for
Outdoor Ethics was formed to create educational resources around LNT, and organized the framework of LNT into seven principles.
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The number of LNT principles varied widely during the 1990s, starting from 75 and dropping to 6 as more people had input and principles were condensed. However, by 1999, the list was finalized as seven principles and has remained unchanged.
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non-profit organization, dedicated to the responsible enjoyment and active stewardship of the outdoors worldwide. Leave No Trace works to build awareness, appreciation and respect for wildlands through education, research,
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ethic, there has been some criticism. In 2002, environmental historian James Morton Turner argued that Leave No Trace focused "largely on protecting wilderness" rather than tackling questions such as the "economy,
157:(BLM) training Wilderness Informational Specialists to teach visitors about minimal impact camping. In 1987, the three departments cooperatively developed a pamphlet titled "Leave No Trace Land Ethics".
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to other locations, "obscures connections between the uses of outdoor products and their production and disposal impacts" and have questioned how much the ethic affects everyday environmental behavior.
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Simon, Gregory L.; Alagona, Peter S. (2013). "Contradictions at the confluence of commerce, consumption and conservation; or, an REI shopper camps in the forest, does anyone notice?".
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and partnerships. The center also has a youth education initiative, Leave No Trace for Every Kid, which emphasizes asset development in youth through the lens of outdoor stewardship.
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The authors articulate their new environmental ethic as expanding LNT, not rejecting it all together, and share the seven principles of what they call 'Beyond Leave No Trace':
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prevents people from understanding how these landscapes have developed over time through complex human–environment interactions". They posit that there should be a new
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Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite, food preparation areas, and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover food and litter.
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To wash yourself or your dishes, carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small amounts of biodegradable soap. Scatter strained dishwater.
1127:
Turner, James Morton (July 2002). "From
Woodcraft to 'Leave No Trace': Wilderness, Consumerism, and Environmentalism in Twentieth-Century America".
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558:, and other partners such as colleges, universities, guide services, small businesses, non-profits and youth-serving organizations such as the
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where camping was allowed. This was met negatively, with people writing that it took the joy and spontaneity out of wilderness recreation.
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geared towards motorized recreation. The Bureau of Land
Management joined the program in 1993 followed by the National Park Service and
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Litter in a forest in
Romania. As well as spoiling the view, discarded waste can cause damage to plants and animals in the environment.
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Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, , and exposes them to predators and other dangers.
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In 1990, the national education program of Leave No Trace was developed by the USFS in conjunction with NOLS, alongside
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dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cathole when finished.
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1083:"Financial Statements For The Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Together With Independent Auditors' Report"
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769:"From Woodcraft to 'Leave No Trace':Wilderness, Consumerism, and Environmentalism in Twentieth-Century America"
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Durable surfaces include maintained trails and designated campsites, rock, gravel, sand, dry grasses or snow.
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Since 1994, the Leave No Trace program has been managed by the Leave No Trace Center for
Outdoor Ethics, a
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Preserve the past: examine, photograph, but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts.
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Over 20 percent of the organization's 2019 income went to three members of their board of directors.
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Utilize toilet facilities for defecation whenever possible. Otherwise, deposit solid human waste in
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1263:"Environmentally Responsible Behavior and the Application of Leave No Trace beyond the Backcountry"
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There are also formal Leave No Trace organizations in
Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand.
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922:"A human approach to reducing wildland impacts. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region"
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Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups.
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Keep fires small. Only use down and dead wood from the ground that can be broken by hand.
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Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes.
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Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.
1205:"Leave No Trace Starts at Home: A Response to Critics and Vision for the Future"
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79:. Originating in the mid-20th century, the concept started as a movement in the
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Other critics of Leave No Trace have argued that it is impractical, displaces
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947:"Development of the U.S. Leave No Trace Program: An Historical Perspective"
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Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent.
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areas by camping at least 61 m (200 ft) from lakes and streams.
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Good campsites are found, not made. Altering a site is not necessary.
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were advocating minimum impact camping techniques, and companies like
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Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely.
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Make conscientious food, equipment, and clothing consumption choices
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Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.
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Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when wet or muddy.
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Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit.
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At the same time, there was a cultural shift in outdoor ethics from
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Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.
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Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.
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by traveling through wilderness as visitors. Groups such as the
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Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them.
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to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging.
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1020:"Leave No Trace Seven Principles (U.S. National Park Service)"
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Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the environment. Use a
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Get involved by conserving and restoring the places you visit
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Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails.
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Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.
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Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
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1268:. Outdoor Leadership Research Symposium. Archived from
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Environmental organizations based in the United States
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Recreational Impact on
Wildlands, ed. R. Ittner et Al.
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Educate yourself and others about the places you visit
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Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species.
782:(3). Environmental History, Vol. 7, No. 3: 462–484.
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Do not build structures, furniture, or dig trenches.
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124:The idea behind the LNT principles is to leave the
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145:The focus was shifted towards education, with the
41:"Leave no trace" sign on the Attikamek Trail near
619:Purchase only the equipment and clothing you need
399:Control pets at all times, or leave them at home.
363:for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light.
284:Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites.
622:Take care of the equipment and clothing you have
415:Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.
1299:of the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics
1210:. Ethics, Place and Environment. Archived from
1179:. Ethics, Place and Environment. Archived from
303:Avoid places where impacts are just beginning.
239:Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use.
53:A demonstration of a Leave No Trace fire in a
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8:
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1004:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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366:Where fires are permitted, use established
327:Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products.
945:Marion, Jeffrey L.; Scott E. Reid (2001).
588:While Leave No Trace is a widely accepted
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896:
720:"Leave No Trace: How It Came to Be | IJW"
1090:Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics
970:Lawrence), Marion, Jeffrey L. (Jeffrey.
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881:"Section News/Nouvelles des sections"
538:The center has partnerships with the
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818:"In Depth History of Leave No Trace"
262:Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
178:National Outdoor Leadership School
25:
1358:Organizations established in 1994
245:Repackage food to minimize waste.
820:. Leave No Trace. Archived from
670:Leaving the world a better place
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408:Be Considerate of Other Visitors
1249:10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.11.022
973:Leave no trace in the outdoors
665:Leave the gate as you found it
552:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
209:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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128:unchanged by human presence.
192:began sharing the movement.
151:United States Forest Service
1044:"Center for Outdoor Ethics"
236:, hazards, and emergencies.
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1318:Leave No Trace New Zealand
1104:"Leave no trase Australia"
891:(3): 147–151. 1982-06-01.
853:(5): 345–349. 1966-05-01.
767:Turner, J.M. (July 2002).
556:US Army Corps of Engineers
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1065:"LNT Non-profit Partners"
628:Minimize waste production
564:American Camp Association
548:Bureau of Land Management
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355:Minimize Campfire Impacts
313:Dispose of Waste Properly
170:impact on the environment
155:Bureau of Land Management
1303:Leave No Trace Australia
1108:Leave No Trace Australia
120:Be considerate of others
1174:"Beyond Leave No Trace"
63:, sometimes written as
30:For the 2018 film, see
1313:Leave No Trace Ireland
885:The Forestry Chronicle
741:"The Seven Principles"
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476:Boulder, Colorado, USA
225:Plan Ahead and Prepare
168:, to having a minimal
88:Plan ahead and prepare
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43:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
1338:Environmental sayings
1308:Leave No Trace Canada
1129:Environmental History
952:. U.S. Forest Service
776:Environmental History
647:environmental impacts
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560:Boy Scouts of America
540:National Park Service
439:Leave No Trace Center
182:Boy Scouts of America
147:National Park Service
139:National Park Service
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32:Leave No Trace (film)
27:Set of outdoor ethics
1333:Environmental ethics
1071:on February 5, 2011.
859:10.1093/jof/64.5.345
675:"Rules of the Trail"
203:, and programs like
920:Bradley, J (1979).
847:Journal of Forestry
603:environmental ethic
544:U.S. Forest Service
468:501(c)(3) Nonprofit
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336:Leave What You Find
104:Leave what you find
95:on durable surfaces
898:10.5558/tfc58147-3
633:energy consumption
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482:Executive Director
442:for Outdoor Ethics
296:In pristine areas:
58:
47:
983:978-0-8117-6051-5
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374:, or mound fires.
361:lightweight stove
280:In popular areas:
166:natural resources
16:(Redirected from
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1297:Official Website
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690:Trail ethics
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1243:: 325–336.
1024:www.nps.gov
595:consumerism
197:Smokey Bear
174:Sierra Club
91:Travel and
1348:Scoutcraft
1327:Categories
1279:2014-10-31
1221:2014-10-31
1190:2014-10-31
1113:2023-09-01
1050:2006-08-03
1029:2023-01-25
956:2012-11-09
931:: 222–226.
828:2006-08-03
750:2022-03-25
726:2023-01-25
706:References
486:Dana Watts
368:fire rings
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211:in 1994.
162:woodcraft
107:Minimize
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654:See also
562:and the
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