556:(also known as the Active Personality Principle): This principle is based around a person's nationality and allows States to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to their nationality, both within and outside the State's territory. Seeing as the territoriality principle already gives the State the right to exercise jurisdiction, this principle is primarily used as a justification for prosecuting crimes committed abroad by a States nationals. There is a growing trend to allow States to also apply this principle to permanent residents abroad as well (for example: Denmark Criminal Code (2005), sec 7; Finland Criminal Code (2015), sec 6; Iceland Criminal Code (2014), art 5; Latvia Criminal Code (2013), sec 4; Netherlands Criminal Code (2019), art 7; Norway Criminal Code (2005), sec 12; Swedish Criminal Code (1999), sec 2; Lithuania Criminal Code (2015), art 5).
1173:
may be referred to the
District Courts. Seven judges in the Appeals Court hear most criminal appeals from District Courts, all appeals from juvenile court and all domestic/divorce cases from District Court, as well as some cases transferred to them by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court seats five judges who hear appeals on first-degree felonies (the most serious) including capital crimes, as well as all civil cases from District Court (excepting divorce/domestic cases). The Supreme Court also oversees cases involving interpretation of the state Constitution, election matters, judicial conduct, and alleged misconduct by lawyers. This example shows how matters arising in the same physical territory might be seen in different courts. A minor traffic infraction originating in
1181:. If both the minor traffic offense and the felony arrests resulted in guilty verdicts, the traffic conviction could be appealed to the District Court in Provo, while the second-degree felony appeal would be heard by the Appeals Court in Salt Lake City and the first-degree felony appeal would be heard by the Supreme Court. Similarly for civil matters, a small claims case arising in Orem would probably be heard in the Orem Justice Court, while a divorce filed by an Orem resident would be heard by the District Court in Provo. The above examples apply only to cases of Utah state law; any case under Federal jurisdiction would be handled by a different court system. All Federal cases arising in Utah are under the jurisdiction of the
752:
342:). Under Article 34 Statute of the ICJ only nations may be parties in cases before the Court and, under Article 36, the jurisdiction comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force. But, to invoke the jurisdiction in any given case, all the parties have to accept the prospective judgment as binding. This reduces the risk of wasting the Court's time.
1301:
43:
1092:, meaning that they can choose which cases to hear from among all the cases presented on appeal. Such courts generally only choose to hear cases that would settle important and controversial points of law. Though these courts have discretion to deny cases they otherwise could adjudicate, no court has the discretion to hear a case that falls outside of its subject matter jurisdiction.
363:(WTO) that have socially and economically significant dispute resolution functions but, again, even though their jurisdiction may be invoked to hear the cases, the power to enforce their decisions is at the will of the nations affected, save that the WTO is permitted to allow retaliatory action by successful nations against those nations found to be in breach of
426:, all treaties and the orders of international organizations are effective without any action being required to convert international into municipal law. This has an interesting consequence because treaties that limit or extend the powers of the Dutch government are automatically considered a part of their constitutional law, for example, the
562:: This principle is similar to the Nationality Principle, except you are exercising jurisdiction against a foreign national that has committed a criminal act against its own national. The idea is that a State has a duty to protect its nationals and therefore if someone harms their nationals that State has the right to prosecute the accused.
543:
Under international law there are different principles that are recognized to establish a state's ability to exercise criminal jurisdiction when it comes to a person. There is no hierarchy when it comes to any of the principles. States must therefore work together to solve issues of who may exercise
1172:
and child custody cases, some small claims, and appeals from
Justice Courts. Twenty-eight judges handle Juvenile Court, which oversees most people under 18 years old who are accused of a crime, as well as cases of alleged child abuse or neglect; serious crimes committed by 16 or 17 year old persons
722:
jurisdiction. Otherwise, one government entity will have exclusive jurisdiction over the shared area. When jurisdiction is concurrent, one government entity may have supreme jurisdiction over the other entity if their laws conflict. If the executive or legislative powers within the jurisdiction are
473:
of the United States
Constitution makes all treaties that have been ratified under the authority of the United States and customary international law to be a part of the "Supreme Law of the Land" (along with the Constitution itself and acts of Congress passed pursuant to it) (U.S. Const.art. VI Cl.
734:
Child custody cases in the U.S. are a prime example of jurisdictional dilemmas caused by different states under a federal alignment. When parents and children are in different states, there is the possibility of different state court orders over-ruling each other. The U.S. solved this problem by
453:, for example, a treaty is not effective until it has been incorporated, at which time it becomes enforceable in the courts by any private citizen, where appropriate, even against the UK Government. Otherwise the courts have a discretion to apply international law where it does not conflict with
231:
establishes two key rules to the prescription and enforcement of jurisdiction. The case outlines that jurisdiction is territorial and that a state may not exercise its jurisdiction in the territory of another state unless there is a rule that permits this. On that same note, states enjoy a wide
345:
Despite the safeguards built into the constitutions of most of these organizations, courts and tribunals, the concept of universal jurisdiction is controversial among those nations which prefer unilateral to multilateral solutions through the use of executive or military authority, sometimes
278:
However, it is often at the discretion of each nation whether to co-operate or participate. If a nation does agree to participate in activities of the supranational bodies and accept decisions, the nation is giving up its sovereign authority and thereby allocating power to these bodies.
550:: This principle states that the State where the crime has been committed may exercise jurisdiction. This is one of the most straightforward and least controversial of the principles. This is also the only principle that is territorial in nature; all other forms are extraterritorial.
412:
in those nations can invoke the jurisdiction of local courts to enforce rights granted under international law wherever there is incorporation. If there is no direct effect or legislation, there are two theories to justify the courts incorporating international into municipal law:
1076:
may hear only cases arising under federal law and treaties, cases involving ambassadors, admiralty cases, controversies between states or between a state and citizens of another state, lawsuits involving citizens of different states, and against foreign states and citizens.
387:
has been given jurisdiction as the ultimate appellate court to the member states on issues of
European law. This jurisdiction is entrenched, and its authority could only be denied by a member nation if that member nation asserts its sovereignty and withdraws from the union.
568:: This principle allows States to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to foreign nationals for acts committed outside their territory that have or are intended to have a prejudicial impact upon the State. It is especially used when it comes to matters of national security.
334:(ICJ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to nations (the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of "universal jurisdiction" is not the same as that enacted in the
448:
This theory regards international and municipal law as separate systems so that the municipal courts can only apply international law either when it has been incorporated into municipal law or when the courts incorporate international law on their own motion. In the
2028:
2945:
1285:. Analogous jurisdiction existed in medieval times on the European Continent. Over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, franchise jurisdictions were largely eliminated. Several formerly important franchise courts were not officially abolished until
658:
in the member nations. Council
Regulation (EC) 44/2001 now also applies as between the rest of the EU Member States and Denmark due to an agreement reached between the European Community and Denmark. In some legal areas, at least, the reciprocal
367:. At a regional level, groups of nations can create political and legal bodies with sometimes complicated patchworks of overlapping provisions detailing the jurisdictional relationships between the member states and providing for some degree of
1120:
have appellate jurisdiction over matters appealed from the district courts. The U.S. Supreme Court, in turn, has appellate jurisdiction (of a discretionary nature) over the Courts of
Appeals, as well as the state supreme courts, by means of
614:
At a supranational level, countries have adopted a range of treaty and convention obligations to relate the right of individual litigants to invoke the jurisdiction of national courts and to enforce the judgments obtained. For example, the
2820:
2243:
427:
2235:
2203:
574:: This is the broadest of all the principles. The basis is that a State has the right, sometimes even the obligation, to exercise jurisdiction when it comes to the most serious violations of international criminal law; for example
1136:, the Supreme court has original and exclusive jurisdiction over controversies between two or more states, and original (but non-exclusive) jurisdiction over cases involving officials of foreign states, controversies between the
544:
their jurisdiction when it comes to issues of multiple principles being allowed. The principles are
Territorial Principle, Nationality Principle, Passive Personality Principle, Protective Principle, Universality Principle
298:
The fact that international organizations, courts and tribunals have been created raises the difficult question of how to co-ordinate their activities with those of national courts. If the two sets of bodies do not have
2656:
3001:
2905:
1616:
2648:
985:
286:
obligations in the nature of laws, the power ceded to these bodies cumulatively represents its own jurisdiction. But no matter how powerful each body may appear to be, the extent to which any of their
2251:
290:
may be enforced, or proposed treaties and conventions may become, or remain, effective within the territorial boundaries of each nation is a political matter under the sovereign control each nation.
1936:
2608:
2600:
2227:
1928:
1152:
has five types of courts, each for different legal matters and different physical territories. One-hundred-and-eight judges oversee
Justice Courts, which handle traffic and parking citations,
739:. The act established criteria for determining which state has primary jurisdiction, which allows courts to defer the hearing of a case if an appropriate administrative agency determines so.
3140:
312:
2044:
598:. This principle also goes further than the other principles as there is attached to it the obligation to either prosecute the accused or extradite them to a State that will, known as
1577:
736:
3033:
1912:
1182:
311:, i.e., the international court is subsidiary or complementary to national courts, the difficulty is avoided. But if the jurisdiction claimed is concurrent or, as in the case of
2584:
2275:
431:
1177:
is handled by the Orem
Justice Court. However, a second-degree felony arrest and a first-degree felony arrest in Orem would be under the jurisdiction of the District Court in
2913:
1112:, while a court of appellate jurisdiction may only hear an action after the court of original jurisdiction (or a lower appellate court) has heard the matter. For example, in
978:
1896:
2512:
2089:
1190:
3025:
2081:
2528:
1549:"Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters"
1845:
724:
224:. These are equality of states, territorial sovereignty and non-intervention. This raises questions of when can many states prescribe or enforce jurisdiction. The
220:
agree to be bound to. Such agreements are not always established or maintained. Extraterritorial jurisdiction is exercised through three principles outlined in the
1548:
2291:
971:
383:
will be very difficult to overcome. Each such group may form transnational institutions with declared legislative or judicial powers. For example, in Europe, the
1608:
2624:
2432:
1743:
1324:
520:
396:
The standard treaties and conventions leave the issue of implementation to each nation, i.e. there is no general rule in international law that treaties have
2632:
2259:
1904:
714:
When the jurisdictions of government entities overlap one another—for example between a state and the federation to which it belongs—their jurisdiction is a
465:
permits the legislature to enact any law inconsistent with any international treaty obligations even though the government is a signatory to those treaties.
1668:"Rule 12. Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing"
2323:
2106:
1756:: "Local jurisdictions are also facing shortfalls, and much will depend on the economy and political decisions at the local, state and federal levels";
232:
measure of discretion to prescribe jurisdiction over persons, property and acts within their own territory unless there was a rule that prohibits this.
2536:
422:
This theory characterizes international and municipal law as a single legal system with municipal law subordinate to international law. Hence, in the
627:
in 1968 and, subject to amendments as new nations joined, it represents the default law for all twenty-seven Member States of what is now termed the
3105:
3017:
338:, which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of
2101:
1137:
1057:
1056:, each state has courts of general jurisdiction; most states also have some courts of limited jurisdiction. Federal courts (those operated by the
938:
1428:
2804:
1833:
759:
2283:
2052:
1948:
1696:
957:
1585:
3049:
2544:
2388:
1061:
999:
816:
2123:
3262:
2171:
1967:
688:
504:, and between courts within the same jurisdiction. The usual legal doctrine under which questions of jurisdiction are decided is termed
2937:
2339:
1880:
1842:
1129:
475:
3195:
1731:
1392:
1329:
861:
126:
1805:
1782:
379:
both have the potential to become federated nations although the political barriers to such unification in the face of entrenched
2299:
660:
474:
2) As such, the law of the land is binding on the federal government as well as on state and local governments. According to the
1116:, the United States district courts have original jurisdiction over a number of different matters (as mentioned above), and the
2640:
2331:
1859:
1795:
910:
696:
636:
315:(ICTY), the international tribunal is to prevail over national courts, the problems are more difficult to resolve politically.
663:
is now more straightforward. At a national level, the traditional rules still determine jurisdiction over persons who are not
2977:
2929:
2267:
2179:
1117:
404:, but some nations, by virtue of their membership of supranational bodies, allow the direct incorporation of rights or enact
331:
64:
1757:
1675:
282:
Insofar as these bodies or nominated individuals may resolve disputes through judicial or quasi-judicial means, or promote
107:
3009:
2738:
2363:
2347:
2036:
1646:
1065:
836:
60:
79:
3041:
2953:
2424:
2147:
2073:
1319:
1282:
1113:
1073:
304:
2064:
1556:
948:
2722:
2163:
2139:
1740:
1202:
1081:
1014:
827:
643:
620:
483:
31:
1128:
However, in a special class of cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has the power to exercise original jurisdiction. Under
86:
3342:
3278:
2480:
2355:
1959:
1826:
1278:
1160:
cases. Seventy-one judges preside over
District Courts, which deal with civil cases exceeding small claims limits,
1089:
723:
not restricted, or have only limited restrictions, these government branches have plenary power such as a national
559:
356:
1766:: "Large, affluent jurisdictions have scores of high-salaried teachers with correspondingly higher pension costs."
53:
3347:
3089:
2448:
896:
851:
384:
3310:
3081:
2730:
2520:
2488:
2195:
1975:
1529:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 258–259.
1511:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 256–257.
1493:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 257–258.
1475:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 255–256.
1457:
Gideon Boas, Public International Law: Contemporary Principle and Perspectives (Edward Elgar 2012) pp. 251–254.
1214:
1213:
In the history of English common law, a jurisdiction could be held as a form of property (or more precisely an
806:
583:
360:
335:
1021:
A court whose subject matter jurisdiction is limited to certain types of controversies (for example, suits in
751:
93:
2616:
3294:
3286:
3223:
2865:
2504:
2496:
2315:
2012:
601:
579:
462:
364:
3057:
2775:
2472:
2211:
2155:
2131:
1888:
1363:
1335:
1105:
1069:
841:
571:
479:
423:
319:
193:
75:
3337:
3164:
3065:
2897:
2592:
2576:
2552:
2456:
2416:
1819:
1101:
872:
846:
595:
553:
547:
434:. In nations adopting this theory, the local courts automatically accept jurisdiction to adjudicate on
30:
This article is about civil jurisdiction in a state. For religious or ecclesiastical jurisdiction, see
1436:
1025:
or suits where the monetary amount sought is less than a specified sum) is sometimes referred to as a
1346:
1341:
1186:
856:
565:
507:
368:
1040:
and therefore recognize their own lack of jurisdiction even if neither party has raised the matter.
2881:
2857:
2767:
2714:
2400:
2187:
1871:
1752:
1314:
1254:
1085:
943:
933:
928:
889:
680:
501:
488:
339:
323:
201:
1703:
3270:
3156:
3113:
2969:
2849:
2750:
2568:
2408:
2307:
2003:
1122:
1005:
801:
189:
1108:. A court of original jurisdiction has the power to hear cases as they are first initiated by a
1048:
A court whose subject matter is not limited to certain types of controversy is referred to as a
3302:
3170:
3148:
3132:
3097:
3073:
2828:
2664:
2560:
2464:
2115:
1983:
1920:
1762:
1398:
1388:
1270:
1205:
or political subdivision generally, or to its government, rather than to its legal authority.
181:
2029:
Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co.
173:
like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple levels (e.g., local,
3207:
2672:
2219:
1991:
781:
700:
692:
470:
240:
185:
1538:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 668–686.
1520:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 666–668.
1502:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 664–666.
1484:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 659–664.
1466:
Malcolm Shaw, International Law (6th edition, Cambridge University Press 2008) pp. 652–659.
3254:
3215:
2961:
2921:
2873:
2440:
1811:
1799:
1786:
1747:
1286:
1242:
1218:
1140:
and a state, actions by a state against the citizens of another state or foreign country.
763:
651:
632:
624:
243:
organizations provide mechanisms whereby disputes between nations may be resolved through
174:
100:
1727:
1273:
included broad grants of franchise jurisdiction along with other governmental powers to
523:
and other international bodies have made recommendations on jurisdictional matters, but
2985:
2946:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
2889:
2840:
2812:
2693:
2020:
1358:
786:
771:
664:
628:
532:
516:
450:
372:
327:
287:
3331:
2796:
2759:
1352:
1266:
1238:
1022:
920:
655:
631:
on the relationships between the courts in the different countries. In addition, the
401:
397:
376:
1792:
1201:
The word "jurisdiction" is also used, especially in informal writing, to refer to a
2993:
1258:
1234:
1222:
1157:
728:
616:
1277:
or individuals, as did the charters for many other colonial companies such as the
1133:
17:
1667:
2244:
C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1584:. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Archived from
1300:
1274:
1246:
1178:
1153:
882:
405:
380:
348:
272:
244:
197:
42:
27:
Authority granted to a legal body or political leader to deal with legal matters
2821:
Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
1638:
428:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1609:"Court of Appeals to Decide Two Cases With Major Landlord-Tenant Implications"
1402:
1306:
1296:
1250:
1174:
1053:
1037:
1009:
704:
684:
587:
458:
225:
221:
170:
2236:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
2204:
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1109:
371:
between their national legislative and judicial functions, for example, the
248:
1555:. Official Journal of the European Union. November 16, 2005. Archived from
1012:
system, jurisdiction is conceptually divided between jurisdiction over the
519:, nations are urged to adopt more positive rules on conflict of laws. The
2787:
2705:
1262:
1036:
In U.S. federal courts, courts must consider subject matter jurisdiction
796:
791:
711:
through the court systems as defined by the executives and legislatures.
676:
575:
524:
156:
148:
1169:
1161:
647:
591:
454:
435:
409:
258:
252:
205:
166:
2657:
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg.
1728:"Jurisdiction - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
1230:
1221:. Traditional franchise jurisdictions of various powers were held by
1165:
528:
283:
217:
216:
Generally, international laws and treaties provide agreements which
3002:
Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.
2906:
United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures
1226:
1018:
of a case and personal jurisdiction over the parties to the case.
162:
143:
667:
or habitually resident in the European Union or the Lugano area.
500:
This concerns the relationships both between courts in different
1149:
3242:
3193:
2691:
2649:
JPMorgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infrastructure Ltd.
2386:
1857:
1815:
307:(ICC), the relationship is expressly based on the principle of
2252:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
654:, which makes major changes to the Brussels Convention and is
36:
1937:
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp.
1418:
SS Lotus (France v Turkey), 1927 PCIJ series A No.10, para 19
2609:
Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
2601:
Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle
2228:
Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.
1929:
Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States
1004:
The primary distinctions between areas of jurisdiction are
3141:
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State
2045:
Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.
486:
in areas beyond those specifically conferred on Congress (
1779:
1148:
As a practical example of court jurisdiction, as of 2013
313:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
1578:"Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act Summary"
1607:
Adam Leitman Bailey, Dov Treimann (February 19, 2019).
737:
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act
3034:
Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn
1913:
England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners
1261:
that dealt with disputes involving the tin miners of
1183:
United States District Court for the District of Utah
161:'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the
2585:
Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida
2276:
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
1897:
Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux
432:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3124:
2914:
Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War
2839:
2786:
2749:
2704:
2100:
2063:
2002:
1947:
1870:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2513:Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley
2529:American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co.
2090:Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp.
1674:. Legal Information Institute. December 1, 2023.
408:to honor their international commitments. Hence,
204:to allocate resources to best serve the needs of
3026:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
2082:District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman
355:Within other international contexts, there are
2292:Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York
2625:Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
2433:American Insurance Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton
1827:
1702:. Utah State Courts. May 2011. Archived from
1385:An introduction to transnational criminal law
1325:Immunity from prosecution (international law)
979:
8:
2633:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
2260:United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe
1905:United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.
1100:It is also necessary to distinguish between
1008:at the federal level. In the United States'
675:Many nations are subdivided into states or
599:
505:
265:
256:
154:
146:
3239:
3190:
2701:
2688:
2537:Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co.
2383:
2324:Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd.
1867:
1854:
1834:
1820:
1812:
1338:– a different use of the word jurisdiction
1332:– a different use of the word jurisdiction
1060:) are all courts of limited jurisdiction.
986:
972:
823:
746:
731:grants only limited or enumerated powers.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3106:FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine
3018:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
635:(1988) binds the European Union and the
438:relying on international law principles.
303:jurisdiction but, as in the case of the
1375:
909:
871:
826:
815:
770:
758:
263:, it is an acknowledgment by the other
1619:from the original on December 16, 2019
180:Jurisdiction draws its substance from
2284:Dolan v. United States Postal Service
2053:Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States
1245:. Types of franchise courts included
958:Adequate and independent state ground
642:In effect from 1 March 2002, all the
7:
3050:Clapper v. Amnesty International USA
2545:Hartsville Oil Mill v. United States
1414:
1412:
1000:Federal jurisdiction (United States)
65:adding citations to reliable sources
3263:Osborn v. Bank of the United States
2805:Toilet Goods Ass'n, Inc. v. Gardner
2172:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
1968:Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy
1096:Original and appellate jurisdiction
322:is fundamental to the operation of
165:granted to a legal entity to enact
2938:Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India
2340:Jam v. International Finance Corp.
1881:Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.
1802:on the Guantánamo Bay jurisdiction
1741:"Metro's $ 11 Billion To-Do List,"
476:Supreme Court of the United States
461:. The constitutional principle of
25:
2124:The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon
1330:Labor unions in the United States
1080:Certain courts, particularly the
863:Class Action Fairness Act of 2005
2300:Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons
1734:from the original on 2009-04-24.
1672:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
1299:
1044:General and limited jurisdiction
750:
661:enforcement of foreign judgments
41:
2641:Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
2332:OBB Personenverkehr AG v. Sachs
1678:from the original on 2023-10-20
1649:from the original on 2016-06-16
1645:. Legal Information Institute.
652:Council Regulation (EC) 44/2001
637:European Free Trade Association
357:intergovernmental organizations
52:needs additional citations for
2978:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
2930:Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
2268:Republic of Austria v. Altmann
2180:Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
1118:United States court of appeals
478:, the treaty power authorizes
332:International Court of Justice
1:
3010:DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno
2739:Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer
2348:Republic of Sudan v. Harrison
2037:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
1074:United States district courts
1066:federal question jurisdiction
1050:court of general jurisdiction
1031:court of limited jurisdiction
1027:court of special jurisdiction
707:—such subunits will exercise
560:Passive Personality Principle
535:continue to shop for forums.
271:nations that the country has
2954:City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
2148:Schillinger v. United States
2074:Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co.
1283:British South Africa Company
1114:United States federal courts
644:European Union member states
305:International Criminal Court
2723:Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez
2164:United States v. Wunderlich
1082:United States Supreme Court
484:Necessary and Proper Clause
294:International and municipal
32:Ecclesiastical jurisdiction
3364:
3279:Mistretta v. United States
2505:Burton v. United States II
2481:City of St. Louis v. Myers
2356:Opati v. Republic of Sudan
1960:Murdock v. City of Memphis
1279:British East India Company
1090:discretionary jurisdiction
997:
527:with the encouragement of
515:To deal with the issue of
469:In the United States, the
29:
3249:
3238:
3202:
3189:
3090:TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
2700:
2687:
2497:Burton v. United States I
2449:United States v. Jackalow
2425:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
2395:
2382:
1866:
1853:
1320:Guantánamo Bay Naval Base
539:Jurisdictional principles
385:European Court of Justice
3311:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
3082:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2731:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2521:Muskrat v. United States
2489:Barrett v. United States
2196:United States v. Stanley
1976:Fox Film Corp. v. Muller
1951:independent state ground
1808:– franchise jurisdiction
1806:Jurisdiction As Property
1758:"Teacher pension pinch,"
1215:incorporeal hereditament
1189:, and would be heard in
807:Constitutional avoidance
584:extrajudicial executions
492:, 252 U.S. 416 (1920)).
361:World Trade Organization
336:War Crimes Law (Belgium)
275:and the right to exist.
192:, and the powers of the
3295:United States v. Hatter
3287:Peretz v. United States
3224:Cramer v. United States
2866:Massachusetts v. Mellon
2617:Thomas v. Union Carbide
2316:United States v. Bormes
2065:Rooker–Feldman doctrine
2013:United States v. Hudson
1582:Uniform Laws Commission
1144:Example of jurisdiction
602:aut dedere aut judicare
580:crimes against humanity
482:to legislate under the
463:parliamentary supremacy
365:international trade law
212:International dimension
3058:Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins
2776:Nixon v. United States
2473:United States v. Klein
2364:Trump v. United States
2212:Saudi Arabia v. Nelson
2156:Feres v. United States
2132:Mississippi v. Johnson
1889:Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
1793:Supreme Court Decision
1383:Boister, Neil (2018).
1364:Universal jurisdiction
1336:Law enforcement agency
1223:municipal corporations
1209:Franchise jurisdiction
1106:appellate jurisdiction
1070:diversity jurisdiction
600:
572:Universality principle
506:
320:universal jurisdiction
266:
257:
155:
147:
3216:United States v. Burr
3165:Rucho v. Common Cause
3066:Texas v. Pennsylvania
3042:Bond v. United States
2898:Sierra Club v. Morton
2593:Arizona v. New Mexico
2577:Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
2553:Wisconsin v. Illinois
2457:Ex parte Vallandigham
2417:United States v. More
2107:presidential immunity
1697:"Guide to the Courts"
1193:Federal courthouses.
1102:original jurisdiction
847:Amount in controversy
760:United States federal
596:forced disappearances
554:Nationality principle
548:Territorial principle
2140:United States v. Lee
1613:New York Law Journal
1347:Private jurisdiction
1342:Lawsuits against God
1187:Salt Lake City, Utah
1086:state supreme courts
1062:Federal jurisdiction
687:—as can be found in
566:Protective principle
508:forum non conveniens
324:global organizations
198:legislative branches
61:improve this article
2882:Altvater v. Freeman
2858:Fairchild v. Hughes
2768:Goldwater v. Carter
2715:DeFunis v. Odegaard
2401:Chisholm v. Georgia
2188:Nixon v. Fitzgerald
1753:The Washington Post
1315:Jurisdiction (area)
1197:Territorial meaning
1185:, headquartered in
934:Anti-Injunction Act
802:Political questions
681:subnational "state"
625:Brussels Convention
489:Missouri v. Holland
3271:Forrester v. White
3157:Vieth v. Jubelirer
3114:Murthy v. Missouri
2970:Diamond v. Charles
2850:Bailiff v. Tipping
2751:Political question
2569:Colegrove v. Green
2409:Marbury v. Madison
2308:Samantar v. Yousuf
2102:Sovereign immunity
2004:Federal common law
1843:U.S. Supreme Court
1798:2012-04-24 at the
1785:2005-11-05 at the
1746:2017-10-13 at the
1588:on 10 October 2017
1439:on 3 December 2005
1287:Courts Act of 1971
1138:federal government
1123:writ of certiorari
1058:federal government
939:Sovereign immunity
656:directly effective
352:-based diplomacy.
190:constitutional law
18:Legal jurisdiction
3343:International law
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3303:Stern v. Marshall
3234:
3233:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3171:Benisek v. Lamone
3149:Davis v. Bandemer
3098:Biden v. Nebraska
3074:Trump v. New York
2829:Trump v. New York
2683:
2682:
2665:Bowles v. Russell
2561:Crowell v. Benson
2465:Ex parte McCardle
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2116:Little v. Barreme
1984:Harrison v. NAACP
1921:Younger v. Harris
1763:The Baltimore Sun
1271:American colonies
1243:counties palatine
1156:crimes, and most
996:
995:
905:
904:
782:Advisory opinions
633:Lugano Convention
255:is recognized as
182:international law
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3355:
3348:Conflict of laws
3240:
3208:Ex parte Bollman
3191:
2702:
2689:
2673:Patchak v. Zinke
2384:
2220:Clinton v. Jones
1992:Michigan v. Long
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727:. Otherwise, an
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521:Hague Conference
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471:Supremacy Clause
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177:, and federal).
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3255:Stuart v. Laird
3245:
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3120:
2962:Allen v. Wright
2922:Warth v. Seldin
2874:Ex parte Levitt
2835:
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2696:
2679:
2441:Sheldon v. Sill
2391:
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1433:icj-cij.org
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1134:§ 1251
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406:legislation
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349:realpolitik
273:sovereignty
245:arbitration
171:federations
3332:Categories
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1563:2012-10-29
1403:1035427772
1370:References
1307:Law portal
1257:, and the
1175:Orem, Utah
1038:sua sponte
1010:common law
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259:de jure
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206:society
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3258:(1803)
3244:Others
3227:(1945)
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3174:(2019)
3160:(2004)
3152:(1986)
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