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96:). Even then, printers had an aversion to ledger lines which caused difficulties in setting type, wasting space on the page and causing a messy appearance. Vocal music employed a variety of different clefs to keep the range of the part on the staff as much as possible; in keyboard notation a common way of avoiding ledger lines was the use of
29:
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58:. A line slightly longer than the note head is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distance as the lines within the staff.
77:). The Oxford online dictionary describes the origin of the "leger" spelling as a "variant of ledger" that first appeared in the 19th century (
121:, 48), notes that use at least four ledger lines make music more difficult to read. For easier readability, the composer would usually switch
344:
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The origin of the word is uncertain, but may have been borrowed attributively from the term for a horizontal timber in a
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where there are multiple voices on one staff and such a rest is forced above or below the staff. (The rare
542:
132:
974:
838:
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183:
or trombone, use tenor clef for the high notes rather than the treble clef. Alto clef is used for the
669:
467:
908:
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389:, second edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Reprinted, New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1979.
92:, it was only in the early 16th century in keyboard music that their use became at all extensive (
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69:. There is no basis to support the often-found claim that the word originates from the French
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Ascending Es and Bs. The first two notes and the last two notes require ledger lines.
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parts always use ledger lines below the bass staff, and never the
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notation because they associate fingerings with staff positions (
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155:
101:
65:, lying parallel to the face of the building and supporting the
414:
84:
Although ledger lines are found occasionally in manuscripts of
168:
396:
Writing for the
Orchestra: An Introduction to Orchestration
303:
Godwin, Joscelyn. 1974. "Playing from
Original Notation".
220:
is suspended between two ledger lines in this situation.)
187:, and for the tenor trombone parts in Russian repertoire.
111:
Except for woodwind players, who prefer ledger lines to
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An extension of the staff for notes above or below it
179:
Music for bass clef instruments, such as the cello,
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551:
448:
264:
Behind Bars: The
Definitive Guide To Music Notation
54:above or below the lines and spaces of the regular
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151:, transpose at the octave to avoid ledger lines.
288:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
426:
8:
387:Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice
988:
433:
419:
411:
398:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
351:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
194:A ledger line is also used to support a
118:
239:Young People's Guide to Classical Music
229:
366:
105:
93:
7:
335:participating institution membership
266:. Faber Music Limited. p. 262.
173:
74:
14:
343:Oxford Living Dictionary (n.d.).
312:Oxford English Dictionary. 2005.
191:and tuba use the bass clef only.
998:
997:
987:
210:
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298:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
73:, meaning "light" or "slight" (
100:on four staves with different
1:
79:Oxford Living Dictionary n.d.
290:, second edition, edited by
798:History of music publishing
286:Anon. 2001. "Leger Line".
241:. Hal Leonard. p. 20.
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349:Oxford Living Dictionaries
307:2, no. 1 (January): 15–19.
18:
1003:Category:Musical notation
983:
869:Numbered musical notation
660:Scientific pitch notation
322:Oxford English Dictionary
650:Helmholtz pitch notation
394:Shatzkin, Merton. 1993.
993:List of musical symbols
864:Nashville Number System
327:Oxford University Press
133:transposing instruments
21:Ledger line (tombstone)
543:Transposing instrument
262:Gould, Elaine (2016).
355:on September 27, 2016
237:Bauer, Helen (2009).
373:: CS1 maint: year (
19:For other uses, see
889:Percussion notation
325:(Online ed.).
46:is used in Western
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955:Mensural notation
333:(Subscription or
316:"Ledger, n.B.I.3"
218:double whole rest
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1024:Musical notation
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854:Graphic notation
518:Rehearsal letter
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48:musical notation
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131:notation. Some
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533:Time signature
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899:Ancient Greek
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493:Key signature
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248:9781574671810
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189:Bass trombone
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185:alto trombone
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56:musical staff
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22:
874:Klavarskribo
849:Figured bass
723:Appoggiatura
670:Articulation
497:
468:Abbreviation
395:
386:
357:. Retrieved
353:the original
348:
345:"leger line"
320:
304:
296:John Tyrrell
287:
263:
257:
238:
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193:
178:
167:
154:Notation of
153:
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43:
39:
37:
960:Music stand
834:Chord chart
813:Scorewriter
790:Sheet music
588:Dotted note
523:Repeat sign
498:Ledger line
305:Early Music
149:tenor voice
141:double bass
125:or use the
106:Godwin 1974
63:scaffolding
40:ledger line
934:Shakuhachi
909:Ekphonetic
894:Simplified
859:Lead sheet
733:Grace note
598:Note value
593:Grace note
561:Accidental
337:required.)
224:References
207:whole rest
172:notation (
147:, and the
108:, 16–17).
98:open score
94:Anon. 2001
88:and early
86:plainchant
50:to notate
44:leger line
929:Swaralipi
919:Kunkunshi
879:Tablature
844:Eye music
728:Glissando
703:Fingering
488:Dal segno
196:half rest
174:Read 1969
164:euphonium
90:polyphony
1018:Category
939:Znamenny
780:Tonguing
765:Staccato
718:Ornament
693:Dynamics
645:Interval
608:Notehead
583:Cue note
385:. 1969.
369:cite web
359:12 March
176:, 354).
160:trombone
75:OED 2005
948:Related
914:Gamelan
904:Chinese
884:Parsons
755:Portato
738:Mordent
713:Marcato
698:Fermata
688:Damping
683:Caesura
640:Tremolo
571:natural
483:Da capo
181:bassoon
169:8 bassa
137:piccolo
67:putlogs
52:pitches
770:Tenuto
708:Legato
678:Accent
635:Tuplet
402:
270:
245:
162:, and
145:guitar
924:Neume
748:Trill
743:Slide
630:Tacet
620:Pitch
576:sharp
528:Tempo
513:Scale
508:Ossia
450:Staff
331:
123:clefs
102:clefs
71:léger
760:Slur
625:Rest
613:stem
603:beam
566:flat
503:Mode
478:Clef
400:ISBN
375:link
361:2017
294:and
268:ISBN
243:ISBN
156:tuba
775:Tie
473:Bar
205:or
81:).
42:or
1020::
463:15
371:}}
367:{{
347:.
319:.
158:,
143:,
139:,
38:A
458:8
434:e
427:t
420:v
406:.
377:)
363:.
329:.
276:.
251:.
128:8
114:8
104:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.