Leon Battista Alberti - Knowledge (XXG)

563:, Alberti stressed that "all steps of learning should be sought from nature". The ultimate aim of an artist is to imitate nature. Painters and sculptors strive "through by different skills, at the same goal, namely that as nearly as possible the work they have undertaken shall appear to the observer to be similar to the real objects of nature". However, Alberti did not mean that artists should imitate nature objectively, as it is, but the artist should be especially attentive to beauty, "for in painting beauty is as pleasing as it is necessary". The work of art is, according to Alberti, so constructed that it is impossible to take anything away from it or to add anything to it, without impairing the beauty of the whole. Beauty was for Alberti "the harmony of all parts in relation to one another," and subsequently "this concord is realized in a particular number, proportion, and arrangement demanded by harmony". Alberti's thoughts on harmony were not new—they could be traced back to Pythagoras—but he set them in a fresh context, which fit in well with the contemporary aesthetic discourse. 2273:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's F. Canali e V. C. Galati, V. Galati, Leon Battista Alberti a Napoli e nei baronati del Regno aragonese. Cultura, Archeologia, Architettura e città. Parte Prima, StrStudi, Consulenze, Autopsie antiquarie e Giudizi tecnici (in Apulia, Campania, Latium, Lucania, Marsica, Picenum e Sicilia), in Memorabilia tra natura e geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 426-483. F. Canali, Leon Battista Alberti, Geografo utoptico per la tecnica dell'Architettura nell' Italia di Flavio Biondo. in Memorabilia tra natura e geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 314-425.Sons. pp. 96–98. 31: 1294: 544: 1012: 1130: 666: 774: 687:, who used the Classical column and pilaster in a free interpretation. Alberti reflected on the social effects of architecture, and was attentive to the urban landscape. This is demonstrated by his inclusion, at the Rucellai Palace, of a continuous bench for seating at the level of the basement. Alberti anticipated the principle of street hierarchy, with wide main streets connected to secondary streets, and buildings of equal height. 1242:. Alberti also claimed that he "excelled in all bodily exercises; could, with feet tied, leap over a standing man; could in the great cathedral, throw a coin far up to ring against the vault; amused himself by taming wild horses and climbing mountains". Needless to say, many in the Renaissance promoted themselves in various ways and Alberti's eagerness to promote his skills should be understood, to some extent, within that framework. 654: 786: 840: 327: 204: 1119: 963:, Alberti uses the expression "We Painters", but as a painter, or sculptor, he was a dilettante. "In painting Alberti achieved nothing of any great importance or beauty", wrote Vasari. "The very few paintings of his that are extant are far from perfect, but this is not surprising since he devoted himself more to his studies than to draughtsmanship." 600:, a large and expensive book, was not published until 1485, after which it became a major reference for architects. However, the book was written "not only for craftsmen but also for anyone interested in the noble arts", as Alberti put it. Originally published in Latin, the first Italian edition came out in 1546. and the standard Italian edition by 827:

rather than sculpture. The best known feature of this typically aisled church is the manner in which Alberti has solved the problem of visually bridging the different levels of the central nave and much lower side aisles. He employed two large scrolls, which were to become a standard feature of church façades in the later Renaissance, Baroque, and

3654: 729:'s second son, with its view over the city, is sometimes considered the first example of a Renaissance villa: it reflects the writing by Alberti about country residential buildings as "villa suburbana". The building later inspired numerous other similar projects buildings from the end of the fifteenth century. 826:

that was already in place. Alberti introduced Classical features around the portico and spread the polychromy over the entire façade in a manner that includes Classical proportions and elements such as pilasters, cornices, and a pediment in the Classical style, ornamented with a sunburst in tesserae,

619:

decades later, Alberti stressed the need for a reform in education. He noted that "the care of very young children is women's work, for nurses or the mother", and that at the earliest possible age children should be taught the alphabet. With great hopes, he gave the work to his family to read, but in

971:

as a truly universal genius. "And Leonardo Da Vinci was to Alberti as the finisher to the beginner, as the master to the dilettante. Would only that Vasari's work were here supplemented by a description like that of Alberti! The colossal outlines of Leonardo's nature can never be more than dimly and

249:

Leon Battista Alberti was gifted in many ways. He was tall, strong, and a fine athlete who could ride the wildest horse and jump over a person's head. He distinguished himself as a writer while still a child at school, and by the age of twenty had written a play that was successfully passed off as a

2480:

V. Galati, Il Torrione quattrocentesco di Bitonto dalla committenza di Giovanni Ventimiglia e Marino Curiale; dagli adeguamenti ai dettami del De Re aedificatoria di Leon Battista Alberti alle proposte di Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1450-1495), in Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean XV to

892:

and Pope Pius's beloved Mount Amiata beyond. Below this garden is a vaulted stable that had stalls for a hundred horses. The design, which radically transformed the center of the town, included a palace for the pope, a church, a town hall, and a building for the bishops who would accompany the Pope

678:

Alberti did not concern himself with engineering, and very few of his major projects were built . As a designer and a student of Vitruvius and of ancient Roman architecture, he studied column and lintel based architecture, from a visual rather than structural viewpoint. He correctly employed the

1283:

Borsi states that Alberti's writings on architecture continue to influence modern and contemporary architecture stating: "The organicism and nature-worship of Wright, the neat classicism of van der Mies, the regulatory outlines and anthropomorphic, harmonic, modular systems of Le Corbusier, and

172:

He is often considered primarily an architect. However, as James Beck has observed, "to single out one of Leon Battista's 'fields' over others as somehow functionally independent and self-sufficient is of no help at all to any effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine

1237:

According to Alberti, in a short autobiography written c. 1438 in Latin and in the third person, (many but not all scholars consider this work to be an autobiography) he was capable of "standing with his feet together, and springing over a man's head." The autobiography survives thanks to an

608:, to whom Alberti dedicated the whole work, dreamed of rebuilding the city of Rome, but he managed to realize only a fragment of his visionary plans. Through his book, Alberti opened up his theories and ideals of the Florentine Renaissance to architects, scholars, and others. 959:, emphasized Alberti's scholarly achievements, not his artistic talents: "He spent his time finding out about the world and studying the proportions of antiquities; but above all, following his natural genius, he concentrated on writing rather than on applied work." In 1383: 1222:

called him the "Father of Western Cryptography", pointing to three significant advances in the field that can be attributed to Alberti: "the earliest Western exposition of cryptanalysis, the invention of polyalphabetic substitution, and the invention of enciphered

1279:

In the domain of Aesthetics Alberti is recognized for his definition of art as imitation of nature, exactly as a selection of its most beautiful parts: "So let's take from nature what we are going to paint, and from nature we choose the most beautiful and worthy

173:

arts". Although Alberti is known mostly as an artist, he was also a mathematician and made significant contributions to that field. Among the most famous buildings he designed are the churches of San Sebastiano (1460) and Sant’Andrea (1472), both in

1082:

Whilst Alberti's treatises on painting and architecture have been hailed as the founding texts of a new form of art, breaking from the Gothic past, it is impossible to know the extent of their practical impact during his lifetime. His praise of the

447:). Vasari describes Alberti as "an admirable citizen, a man of culture... a friend of talented men, open and courteous with everyone. He always lived honourably and like the gentleman he was." Alberti died in Rome on 25 April 1472 at the age of 68. 1032:(1435) he explains the theory of the accumulation of people, animals, and buildings, which create harmony amongst each other, and "hold the eye of the learned and unlearned spectator for a long while with a certain sense of pleasure and emotion". 3453: 230:. His mother was Bianca Fieschi. His father, Lorenzo di Benedetto Alberti, was a wealthy Florentine who had been exiled from his own city, but allowed to return in 1428. Alberti was sent to boarding school in Padua, then studied law at 1063:

Alberti used his artistic treatises to propound a new humanistic theory of art. He drew on his contacts with early Quattrocento artists such as Brunelleschi, Donatello, and Ghiberti to provide a practical handbook for the renaissance

757:(1446–51) was one of several commissioned by the Rucellai family. The design overlays a grid of shallow pilasters and cornices in classical style onto rusticated masonry, and is surmounted by a heavy cornice. The inner courtyard has 1099:. But how far Alberti was responsible for these innovations and how far he was simply articulating the trends of the artistic movement, with which his practical experience had made him familiar, is impossible to ascertain. 2461:

Alberti e la cultura del Quattrocento, Atti del Convegno internazionale di Studi, (Firenze, Palazzo Vecchio, Salone dei Dugento, 16-17-18 dicembre 2004), a cura di R. Cardini e M. Regoliosi, Firenze, Edizioni Polistampa,

1245:

Alberti claimed in his "autobiography" to be an accomplished musician and organist, but there is no hard evidence to support this claim. In fact, musical posers were not uncommon in his day (see the lyrics to the song

303:, famously bridging the nave and lower aisles with two ornately inlaid scrolls, solving a visual problem and setting a precedent to be followed by architects of churches for four hundred years. In 1452, he completed 1355:(1452, Ten Books on Architecture). Alberti, Leon Battista. De re aedificatoria. On the art of building in ten books. (translated by Joseph Rykwert, Robert Tavernor and Neil Leach). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988. 256:, which was inspired by the burgeoning pictorial art in Florence in the early fifteenth century. In this work he analysed the nature of painting and explored the elements of perspective, composition, and colour. 620:

his autobiography Alberti confesses that "he could hardly avoid feeling rage, moreover, when he saw some of his relatives openly ridiculing both the whole work and the author's futile enterprise along it".

1218:. The polyalphabetic cipher was, at least in principle (for it was not properly used for several hundred years) the most significant advance in cryptography since classical times. Cryptography historian 186: 2458:

F. Canali, "Leon Battista Alberti "Camaleonta" e l'idea del Tempio Malatestiano dalla Storiografia al Restauro, in Il Tempio della Meraviglia, a cura di F. Canali, C. Muscolino, Firenze, 2007.

368:. He was among the rapidly growing group of intellectuals and artists who at that time were supported by the courts of nobility. As a member of a noble family and as part of the Roman 348:. The design for the latter church was completed in 1471, a year before Alberti's death: the construction was completed after his death and is considered as his most significant work. 2647: 3503: 2154: 2139: 2127: 3879: 640:, the god of mockery, is eventually castrated. Jupiter and the other deities come down to earth also, but they return to heaven after Jupiter breaks his nose in a great storm. 461:

Alberti considered mathematics as the foundation of arts and sciences. "To make clear my exposition in writing this brief commentary on painting," Alberti began his treatise,

590:

46–30 BC). Alberti's work was the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance. It covered a wide range of subjects, from history to town planning, from engineering to the

810:, Florence, between (1448–70) the upper façade was constructed to the design of Alberti. It was a challenging task, as the lower level already had three doorways and six 2321:, sous la direction de Michel Paoli, avec la collaboration d'Elise Leclerc et Sophie Dutheillet de Lamothe, préface de Françoise Choay, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2013. 2428:

Anna Siekiera, Bibliografia linguistica albertiana, Firenze, Edizioni Polistampa, 2004 (Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Leon Battista Alberti, Serie «Strumenti», 2);

3691: 940: 2431:

Francesco P. Fiore: La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti. Umanisti, architetti e artisti alla scoperta dell'antico nella città del Quattrocento, Skira, Milano 2005,

1713: 761:

columns. The palace introduced set the use of classical building elements in civic buildings in Florence, and became very influential. The work was executed by

2090: 3914: 3433: 1794: 1444:"Descriptio urbis Romae. Leon Battista Alberti's Delineation of the city of Rome". Peter Hicks, Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State university 2007. 1087:

led to several attempts to emulate it, including paintings by Botticelli and Signorelli. His stylistic ideals have been put into practice in the works of

3889: 2235:

Fontana-Giusti, Korolija Gordana, "The Cutting Surface: On Perspective as a Section, Its Relationship to Writing, and Its Role in Understanding Space"

1375: 1054:

in the preface. The Latin version had been dedicated to Alberti's humanist patron, Gianfrancesco Gonzaga of Mantua. He also wrote works on sculpture,

862:

shape defined by four buildings, with a focus on Pienza Cathedral and passages on either side opening onto a landscape view. The principal residence,

2624: 913:

motif, both for its façade and interior, and influencing many works that were to follow. Alberti perceived the role of architect as designer. Unlike

636:, one of his favorite Greek writers. The name of its hero, Momus, refers to the Greek word for blame or criticism. After being expelled from heaven, 3894: 1075:, which by the sixteenth century had been translated into Italian (by Cosimo Bartoli), French, Spanish, and English. An English translation was by 3919: 3909: 3924: 3899: 3884: 2660: 3944: 3929: 2402:

Elisabetta Di Stefano, L'altro sapere: Bello, arte, immagine in Leon Battista Alberti, Centro internazionale studi di estetica, Palermo 2000;

2339: 2278: 1668: 1617: 1583: 1414: 1368: 1325: 902: 855:, in whose employ Alberti served. Pius II wanted to use the village as a retreat, but needed for it to reflect the dignity of his position. 315:

and influenced by the ancient roman buildings. The work was not published until 1485. It was followed in 1464 by his less influential work,

3939: 3934: 3874: 2715: 2495: 2557: 874:

in Florence and other later palaces. Noteworthy is the internal court of the palazzo. The back of the palace, to the south, is defined by

3904: 3684: 2107: 2070:

De Pictura, book III: Ergo semper quae picturi sumus, ea a natura sumamus, semperque ex his quaeque pulcherrima et dignissima deligamus.

851:. The village, previously called Corsignano, was redesigned beginning around 1459. It was the birthplace of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, 615:—which discussed education, marriage, household management, and money—in the Tuscan dialect. The work was not printed until 1843. Like 203: 3994: 3732: 2442:

Leon Battista Alberti architetto, a cura di Giorgio Grassi e Luciano Patetta, testi di Giorgio Grassi et alii, Banca CR, Firenze 2005;

2414:

D. Mazzini, S. Martini. Villa Medici a Fiesole. Leon Battista Alberti e il prototipo di villa rinascimentale, Centro Di, Firenze 2004;

2269: 2152: 2137: 2125: 1741: 1693: 465:(On Painting) dedicated to Brunelleschi, "I will take first from the mathematicians those things with which my subject is concerned." 345: 239: 115: 2610: 2598: 2450: 2436: 2422: 2354: 1360: 1347: 30: 2468:

Christoph Luitpold Frommel, Alberti e la porta trionfale di Castel Nuovo a Napoli, in «Annali di architettura» n° 20, Vicenza 2008.

2301: 3984: 2675: 1258:, and thus – perhaps – had the leisure to devote himself to this art, but this is only speculation. Vasari also agreed with this. 722: 566:

In Rome, Alberti spent considerable time studying its ancient sites, ruins, and arts. His detailed observations, included in his

1293: 909:

was begun in 1471, the year before Alberti's death. It was brought to completion and is his most significant work employing the

543: 3989: 3964: 3738: 3334: 3027: 551:(1452) - the book is bilingual, with the Italian version being printed on the left and the English version printed on the right 2545: 1951: 1452:(LA) Leon Battista Alberti, De re aedificatoria, Florentiae, accuratissime impressum opera magistri Nicolai Laurentii Alamani. 3974: 3954: 3859: 3677: 1775: 2179:

rStudi, Consulenze, Autopsie antiquarie e Giudizi tecnici (in Apulia, Campania, Latium, Lucania, Marsica, Picenum e Sicilia)

1421: 2387:

Pierluigi Panza, Leon Battista Alberti: Filosofia e teoria dell'arte, introduzione di Dino Formaggio, Guerini, Milano 1994;

3969: 3012: 2937: 2399:

Alberto G. Cassani, La fatica del costruire: Tempo e materia nel pensiero di Leon Battista Alberti, Unicopli, Milano 2000;

1710: 632:

has been identified in some sources as Pope Eugenius IV and Pope Nicholas V. Alberti borrowed many of its characters from

3636: 3563: 2257: 456: 745:(1447, 1453–60) is the rebuilding of a Gothic church. The façade, with its dynamic play of forms, was left incomplete. 319:, in which he examines sculpture. Alberti's only known sculpture is a self-portrait medallion, sometimes attributed to 3959: 3949: 2637: 2384:

Rosario Contarino, Leon Battista Alberti moralista, presentazione di Francesco Tateo, S. Sciascia, Caltanissetta 1991;

866:, is on the western side. It has three stories, articulated by pilasters and entablature courses, with a twin-lighted 384: 1284:

Kahn's revival of the 'antique' are all elements that tempt one to trace Alberti's influence on modern architecture."

485:

in artistic and architectural representations. Alberti was well-versed in the sciences of his age. His knowledge of

356:

As an artist, Alberti distinguished himself from the contemporary ordinary craftsmen educated in workshops. He was a

2685: 2474:

Caterina Marrone, I segni dell'inganno. Semiotica della crittografia, Stampa Alternativa&Graffiti, Viterbo 2010;

1906: 1011: 3162: 2992: 2241: 1883: 879: 243: 439:

Alberti took holy orders and never married. He loved animals and had a pet dog, a mongrel, about whom he wrote a

2869: 2514: 2408:

Francesco Furlan, Studia albertiana: Lectures et lecteurs de L.B. Alberti, N. Aragno-J. Vrin, Torino-Parigi 2003;

2363: 1449:(LA) Leon Battista Alberti, De re aedificatoria, Argentorati, excudebat M. Iacobus Cammerlander Moguntinus, 1541. 1441:

by David Marsh. Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York, Binghamton 1987.

1144: 828: 246:, which excited his interest in architecture and strongly influenced the form of the buildings that he designed. 3147: 2586: 3523: 3307: 2708: 1656: 933: 3062: 2175:

Leon Battista Alberti a Napoli e nei baronati del Regno aragonese. Cultura, Archeologia, Architettura e città.

917:, he had no interest in the construction, leaving the practicalities to builders and the oversight to others. 884: 624:, written between 1443 and 1450, was a notable comedy about the Olympian deities. It has been considered as a 2537:

MS Typ 422.2. Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404–1472. Ex ludis rerum mathematicarum : manuscript, [14--].

1250:, by Francesco Landini, for complaints to this effect.) He held the appointment of canon in the metropolitan 987:, he is clothed as a Roman. To the left of his profile is a winged eye. On the reverse side is the question, 929:, Mantua, (begun 1458) the unfinished façade of which has promoted much speculation as to Alberti's intention 671:

The unfinished and altered façade of San Sebastiano has promoted much speculation as to Alberti's intentions.

3979: 3776: 3583: 3533: 3087: 2957: 2405:

Rinaldo Rinaldi, Melancholia Christiana. Studi sulle fonti di Leon Battista Alberti, Firenze, Olschki, 2002;

1372: 1039: 926: 714: 482: 341: 2527: 2393:

Stefano Borsi, Momus, o Del principe: Leon Battista Alberti, i papi, il giubileo, Polistampa, Firenze 1999;

1129: 3726: 3513: 3463: 3220: 2922: 2788: 1524: 819: 2251:

Fontana-Giusti, Gordana. "Walling and the city: the effects of walls and walling within the city space",

416:

in astronomy, a science close to geography at that time. He also wrote a small Latin work on geography,

3836: 3641: 3215: 3168: 3077: 2875: 2849: 2783: 2190:

Leon Battista Alberti, Geografo utoptico per la tecnica dell'Architettura nell' Italia di Flavio Biondo.

1507: 1251: 1207: 1092: 3190: 2396:

Luca Boschetto, Leon Battista Alberti e Firenze: Biografia, storia, letteratura, Olschki, Firenze 2000;

1405:"Leon Battista Alberti. On Painting. A New Translation and Critical Edition", Edited and Translated by 2569: 1239: 267:

to support an equestrian statue of Leonello's father. In 1447 Alberti became architectural advisor to

3869: 3864: 3603: 3483: 3473: 3381: 3354: 3257: 3037: 2778: 1195:("On the Prince", 1468). These and other works were translated and printed in Venice by the humanist 1051: 980: 815: 288: 146: 2655: 1394:

A Treatise on Ciphers (1467), trans. A. Zaccagnini. Foreword by David Kahn, Galimberti, Torino 1997.

814:

niches containing tombs and employing the polychrome marble typical of Florentine churches, such as

665: 3801: 3720: 3714: 3646: 3613: 3588: 3423: 3376: 3371: 3185: 3142: 3132: 3102: 3082: 2967: 2819: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2701: 2207:

Albertiana, Rivista della Société Intérnationale Leon Battista Alberti, Firenze, Olschki, 1998 sgg.

1516: 1219: 1215: 1123: 1070: 1016: 811: 807: 792: 773: 762: 738: 629: 569: 344:, which was never completed and for which Alberti's intention can only be speculated upon, and the 306: 300: 296: 166: 125: 111: 103: 3057: 3772: 3608: 3598: 3568: 3543: 3329: 3267: 3127: 2927: 2834: 2753: 2738: 2471:

Massimo Bulgarelli, Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472: Architettura e storia, Electa, Milano 2008;

2455:

Gabriele Morolli, Leon Battista Alberti. Firenze e la Toscana, Maschietto Editore, Firenze, 2006.

2031: 1502: 976: 2196:

cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 314-425.

2185:

cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 426-483.

391:

was a shrewd military commander, who generously funded artists. Alberti planned to dedicate his

260: 2194:

Memorabilia tra natura e geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione,

2183:

Memorabilia tra natura e geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione,

3658: 3618: 3493: 3386: 3360: 3002: 2962: 2917: 2897: 2854: 2829: 2748: 2743: 2554: 2446: 2432: 2418: 2350: 2335: 2274: 2239:

No. 40 (Winter 1999), pp. 56–64 London: Architectural Association School of Architecture.

1771: 1689: 1664: 1613: 1579: 1573: 1410: 1364: 1356: 1343: 1321: 726: 51: 2104: 2026:

Johnson, Eugene J. (1975). "A Portrait of Leon Battista Alberti in the Camera degli Sposi?".

1607: 3755: 3122: 3072: 3017: 2932: 2864: 2509: 2390:

Cecil Grayson, Studi su Leon Battista Alberti, a cura di Paola Claut, Olschki, Firenze 1998;

2161: 1543: 1406: 1273: 964: 871: 758: 754: 680: 659:

The dramatic façade of Sant' Andrea, Mantua (1471) built to Alberti's design after his death

533: 413: 330: 212: 141: 107: 1738: 3007: 2947: 2824: 2679: 2664: 2641: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2573: 2561: 2549: 2531: 2367: 2331: 2305: 2261: 2245: 2217: 2158: 2143: 2131: 2111: 1955: 1745: 1717: 1552: 1425: 1379: 1255: 1088: 691: 284: 268: 208: 150: 2607: 2595: 2334:, On Alberti and the Art of Building. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998. 1476:

Leon Battista Alberti, Ecatonfilea, Stampata in Venesia, per Bernardino da Cremona, 1491.

1473:

Leon Battista Alberti, Ippolito e Leonora, Firenze, Bartolomeo de' Libri, prima del 1495.

625: 2370:, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 47, 1984 (1984), pp. 52–71. 3819: 3593: 3573: 3443: 3200: 3152: 3112: 3047: 2997: 2977: 2912: 2298: 2294: 1867: 1390: 1211: 1196: 1111: 952: 910: 889: 847:

Alberti is considered to have been the consultant for the design of the Piazza Pio II,

707: 695: 601: 506: 404: 388: 264: 181: 250:

genuine piece of Classical literature. In 1435 he began his first major written work,

3853: 3623: 3413: 3272: 3195: 3137: 3052: 3032: 2892: 2844: 2417:

Michel Paoli, Leon Battista Alberti 1404–1472, Paris, Editions de l'Imprimeur, 2004,

2411:

Anthony Grafton, Leon Battista Alberti: Un genio universale, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2003;

1076: 699: 373: 299:. In Florence, he designed the upper parts of the façade for the Dominican church of 1983:

Villa Medici a Fiesole. Leon Battista Alberti e il prototipo di villa rinascimentale

1227: 839: 653: 547:

English title page of the first edition of Giacomo Leoni's translation of Alberti's

3227: 3092: 2972: 2952: 2804: 2542: 2375:

Giovanni Ponte, Leon Battista Alberti: Umanista e scrittore, Tilgher, Genova, 1981;

2009: 1948: 1548: 1535: 1270: 1203: 1096: 956: 914: 893:

on his trips. Pienza is considered an early example of Renaissance urban planning.

867: 852: 785: 684: 525: 516:), which was transmitted by Franciscan optical workshops of the thirteenth-century 399: 272: 158: 70: 2670: 2536: 1609:

The Mathematics of Secrets: Cryptography from Caesar Ciphers to Digital Encryption

1138:

He has been credited with being the author, or alternatively, the designer of the

259:

In 1438 he began to focus more on architecture and was encouraged by the Marchese

3454:

A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

2134:

Magda Saura, "Building codes in the architectural treatise De re aedificatoria,"

1938:. Trans. Leach, N., Rykwert, J., & Tavenor, R. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1988 1418: 1050:) was published in 1436, one year after the original Latin version and addressed 706:

into a simple basin designed by Alberti, which was later replaced by the Baroque

3396: 3349: 3205: 3157: 3117: 3067: 2859: 1914: 823: 521: 381: 154: 90: 2378:

Paolo Marolda, Crisi e conflitto in Leon Battista Alberti, Bonacci, Roma, 1988;

326: 165:. He is considered the founder of Western cryptography, a claim he shares with 3793: 3366: 3344: 3237: 3022: 2982: 2942: 2809: 2724: 1858:

Leone Battista Alberti, On Painting, editor John Richard Spencer, 1956, p. 43.

1464:

Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 5, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1849.

1461:

Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 4, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1847.

1458:

Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 2, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1844.

1455:

Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 1, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1843.

1303: 1266: 1034: 1028: 718: 605: 591: 473: 252: 2465:

F. Canali (ed.), «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 16–17, 2008.

2250: 3277: 3247: 3042: 2987: 2907: 2839: 984: 859: 583: 440: 361: 320: 312: 242:

and entered the service of the papal court. During this time he studied the

162: 2634: 2555:"Learning from the City-States? Leon Battista Alberti and the London Riots" 1056: 979:, as the older man dressed in dark red clothes, who whispers in the ear of 888:

era modifications, and spectacular views into the distant landscape of the

283:

His first major architectural commission was in 1446 for the façade of the

1491:

Franco Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti: Opera completa, Electa, Milano, 1973;

3578: 3312: 3262: 3242: 3107: 2682:, (printed in London in 1755), full digital facsimile, Linda Hall Library 2445:

Stefano Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti e Napoli, Polistampa, Firenze 2006;

1918: 392: 365: 357: 235: 216: 3669: 2234: 2035: 1639:

James Beck, "Leon Battista Alberti and the 'Night Sky' at San Lorenzo",

1118: 3391: 3339: 3297: 3282: 3252: 2814: 1871: 1149: 1139: 1114:, who edited and published it as the genuine work of 'Lepidus Comicus'. 1026:

Alberti was the creator of a theory called "historia". In his treatise

703: 616: 587: 502: 409: 377: 231: 2360: 2166: 1079:

in the early eighteenth century. Newer translations are now available.

3324: 3302: 3232: 3210: 2584: 2381:

Roberto Cardini, Mosaici: Il nemico dell'Alberti, Bulzoni, Roma 1990;

2255:

pp 309–45 Volume 16, Issue 3, London & New York: Routledge, 2011.

2210:

Clark, Kenneth. "Leon Battista Alberti: a Renaissance Personality."

1875: 992: 906: 875: 848: 742: 633: 529: 486: 478: 433: 337: 292: 174: 1485:

Leon Battista Alberti, Libri della famiglia, Bari, G. Laterza, 1960.

1482:

Leon Battista Alberti, Teogenio, Milano, Leonard Pachel, circa 1492.

2667:, (printed in Rome in 1520), full digital facsimile, CAMENA Project 1519:), and his thought. He is played by Italian actor Virginio Gazzolo. 1488:

Leon Battista Alberti, Rime e trattati morali, Bari, Laterza, 1966.

1163:("On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Literary Studies", 1429), 3097: 2299:“The Structural Problematic of Leon Battista Alberti's De pictura” 1292: 1128: 1117: 1103: 1010: 838: 637: 542: 532:(similar influences are also traceable in the third commentary of 369: 325: 227: 202: 47: 3729:(original project started 1460; partially completed in the 1470s) 955:, who argued that historical progress in art reached its peak in 372:, Alberti enjoyed special status. He was a welcomed guest at the 3318: 3292: 2289:

Leon Battista Alberti. Master Builder of the Italian Renaissance

3673: 2697: 2524: 2481:

XVIII centuries, a cura di G. Verdiani, Firenze, 2016, vol.III.

843:

Piazza Pio II in Pienza, looking toward the Palazzo Piccolomini

398:

Among Alberti's minor but pioneering studies, were an essay on

187:

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects

3287: 2229:

Leon Battista Alberti. Sein Leben und seine Architekturtheorie

1572:

Leeuw, Karl Maria Michael de; Bergstra, Jan (28 August 2007).

1479:

Leon Battista Alberti, Deifira, Padova, Lorenzo Canozio, 1471.

1467:

Leon Battista Alberti, Opere, Florentiae, J. C. Sansoni, 1890.

1262: 975:

Alberti is said to appear in Mantegna's great frescoes in the

2693: 1575:

The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook

311:, a treatise on architecture, using as its basis the work of 1470:

Leon Battista Alberti, Trattati d'arte, Bari, Laterza, 1973.

870:

set within each bay. This structure is similar to Alberti's

287:

in Florence. This was followed in 1450 by a commission from

2566: 1022:

Alberti made a variety of contributions to several fields:

983:, the ruler of Mantua. In Alberti's self-portrait, a large 2361:"Alberti's De Pictura: Its Literary Structure and Purpose" 1155:

Apart from his treatises on the arts, Alberti also wrote:

1106:

verse: a comedy he wrote when twenty years old, entitled

2326:

Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects

2477:

S. Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti e Napoli, Firenze, 2011.

1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1038:("On Painting") contained the first scientific study of 424:). Just a few years before his death, Alberti completed 221:

Raising of the Son of Theophilus and St. Peter Enthroned

2105:

The Age of the Medici (1973) | The Criterion Collection

2672:

The Architecture of Leon Battista Alberti in Ten Books

161:; he epitomised the nature of those identified now as 3504:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

2649:

Libri della famiglia – Libro 3 – Dignità del volgare

2308:, Renaissance Studies 4/3 (September 1990): 273–285. 2147:

Third International Congress on Construction History

717:

might have been designed by Alberti, rather than by

3828: 3812: 3785: 3765: 3748: 3707: 3556: 3405: 3178: 2885: 2797: 2731: 2267:Gille, Bertrand (1970). "Alberti, Leone Battista". 2231:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt 2012 1067:Alberti wrote an influential work on architecture, 943:, Florence (1470, completed with alterations, 1477) 412:. He collaborated with the Florentine cosmographer 291:to transform the Gothic church of San Francesco in 145:; 14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian 121: 97: 85: 77: 58: 40: 21: 1409:, Cambridge University Press, New York, May 2011, 1226: 1206:by the standard of his day and invented the first 2059:Leon Battista Alberti's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili 2311:Michel Paoli, Leon Battista Alberti, Torino 2007 238:, then in 1431 travelled to Rome, where he took 1947:Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., 1661:The Mathematical Works of Leon Battista Alberti 1133:One of the giant scrolls at Santa Maria Novella 1003:) Violets are black, and hyacinths are black." 336:Alberti was employed to design two churches in 1501:Leon Battista Alberti is a major character in 878:on all three floors that overlook an enclosed 3685: 2709: 1229:The codebreakers: the story of secret writing 8: 3434:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 1688:. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 11. 1214:, and machine-assisted encryption using his 969:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 582:written by the Roman architect and engineer 271:and was involved in several projects at the 3880:15th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1830:, Architectul Design, Vol 49 No 5-6, London 1686:Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia Of The Arts 1068: 595: 567: 304: 3692: 3678: 3670: 2716: 2702: 2694: 1768:The Renaissance:a Illustrated Encyclopedia 226:Leon Battista Alberti was born in 1404 in 29: 18: 2580:Online resources for Alberti's buildings 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1796:The Civilization of the Renaissance Italy 1342:Latin text and English translation, 2003 721:. This hilltop residence commissioned by 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1882:, vol. 15, issue 2 (2005), pp. 189–218 ( 432:), a dialogue about Florence during the 16:Italian architect and author (1404-1472) 2484:S. Borsi, Leon Battista, Firenze, 2018. 2328:, trans. Daniel Sherer. New Haven 2006. 1930: 1928: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1564: 1515:, centering on him, his works (such as 1511:(1973), with the third and final part, 1161:De commodis litterarum atque incommodis 215:, as part of Lippi's completion of the 3717:(original project c. 1450; unfinished) 1437:"Dinner pieces". A Translation of the 489:was connected to the tradition of the 263:of Ferrara, for whom he built a small 2539:Houghton Library, Harvard University. 2319:d'Alberti, Sources, sens et influence 2222:Leon Battista Alberti. Das Gesamtwerk 2173:F. Canali e V. C. Galati, V. Galati, 1183:("The Origin of the Gods", c. 1440), 140: 7: 2633:, original Latin and Italian texts ( 2016:. New York: Harper & Row, (1977) 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1261:He was interested in the drawing of 1238:eighteenth-century transcription by 1007:Contributions and cultural influence 713:Some researchers suggested that the 3915:15th-century Italian mathematicians 2608:Sta. Maria Novella, Florence, Italy 1911:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) 1663:. Birkhauser Verlag AG. p. 1. 2270:Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1870:, "A Philosophical Perspective on 1373:Latin, French and Italian editions 1110:, would later deceive the younger 822:. The design also incorporates an 14: 3890:15th-century Italian philosophers 2688:, book facsimiles via archive.org 2583:Alberti Photogrammetric Drawings 1606:Holden, Joshua (2 October 2018). 1187:("Refuge from Mental Anguish",), 999:: "So what, if Amyntas is dark? ( 149:author, artist, architect, poet, 35:Presumed self-portrait of Alberti 3652: 2543:Palladio's Literary Predecessors 1949:Palladio's Literary Predecessors 1936:the Art of Building in Ten Books 1102:He was so a skilled composer of 784: 772: 753:The design of the façade of the 664: 652: 477:) relied on the study classical 422:The Panorama of the City of Rome 142:[leˈombatˈtistaalˈbɛrti] 3895:15th-century Italian architects 3758:(original project c. 1446–1451) 3739:Santissima Annunziata, Florence 2349:Oxford University Press, 1998. 2214:(July 1951) 1#7 pp 11–18 online 2089:Alberti, Leon Battista (1908). 1513:Leon Battista Alberti: Humanism 1297:A window of the Rucellai Palace 1175:("Life of St. Potitus", 1433), 1171:("On the Family", begun 1432), 520:traditions of scholars such as 3920:Italian Renaissance architects 3910:15th-century Italian sculptors 2525:Albertian Bibliography on line 1917:Public Library. Archived from 1880:Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 1749:, About.com: Medieval History. 1612:. Princeton University Press. 1505:'s three-part television film 578:), were inspired by the essay 1: 3925:Italian Renaissance humanists 3900:15th-century Italian painters 3885:15th-century writers in Latin 3721:Santa Maria Novella, Florence 1684:Norwich, John Julius (1990). 1399:Della tranquillitá dell'animo 896: 510: 3945:Italian architecture writers 3930:Italian Renaissance painters 3741:(original project 1469–1481) 3564:Aestheticization of politics 2515:Resources in other libraries 2061:, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997 2048:Virgil, Bucolica, Chapter X. 1210:, which is now known as the 1202:Alberti was an accomplished 1042:. An Italian translation of 604:was published in 1550. Pope 457:Mathematics and architecture 295:into a memorial chapel, the 3940:Architectural theoreticians 3935:Italian Renaissance writers 3875:15th-century Genoese people 3715:Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini 2253:The Journal of Architecture 1934:Alberti, Leon Battista. On 1673:– via Duke Libraries. 1646:, No. 19 (1989:9–35), p. 9. 1541:Mentioned in the 2004 book 1522:Mentioned in the 1994 film 1001:quid tum si fuscus Amyntas? 779:Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini 733:Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini 694:for the restoration of the 690:In Rome he was employed by 683:, unlike his contemporary, 385:Federico III da Montefeltro 211:is thought to exist in the 180:Alberti's life was told in 4011: 3905:15th-century Italian poets 3756:Palazzo Rucellai, Florence 2103:The Criterion Collection, 2028:Arte Lombarda, Nuova Serie 1884:Cambridge University Press 1320:. Penguin Classics. 1972. 1159:("Lover of Glory", 1424), 880:Italian Renaissance garden 749:Façade of Palazzo Rucellai 454: 380:, and spent time with the 3995:15th-century antiquarians 3632: 2510:Resources in your library 1985:, Centro Di, Firenze 2004 1578:. Elsevier. p. 283. 1167:("Table Talk", c. 1429), 1145:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili 791:The polychrome façade of 234:. He lived for a time in 207:A portrait of Alberti by 28: 2596:S. Andrea, Mantua, Italy 2347:The Lives of the Artists 2091:"I libri della famiglia" 2030:. 42/43 (42/43): 67–69. 1971:. Routledge. p. 12. 1969:Encyclopedia of the City 1848:The Lives of the Artists 1015:Detail of the façade of 991:(what then), taken from 471:(also known in Latin as 408:, and the first Italian 395:on architecture to him. 3985:Medieval cryptographers 3777:San Pancrazio, Florence 3584:Evolutionary aesthetics 3534:The Aesthetic Dimension 2621:Alberti's works online 1981:D. Mazzini, S. Simone, 1907:"Leon Battista Alberti" 1708:Treccani encyclopedia, 903:Basilica of Sant'Andrea 715:Villa Medici in Fiesole 501:) of the Arab polymath 430:On Ruling the Household 346:Basilica of Sant'Andrea 116:Basilica of Sant'Andrea 3990:Italian cryptographers 3965:Italian male sculptors 3805:(1452; published 1485) 3797:(1435; published 1450) 3727:San Sebastiano, Mantua 3514:Avant-Garde and Kitsch 3464:Lectures on Aesthetics 1432:I libri della famiglia 1298: 1233:. New York: MacMillan. 1185:Profugorium ab aerumna 1142:illustrations, of the 1134: 1126: 1069: 1019: 972:distantly conceived." 844: 820:Baptistery of Florence 613:I Libri della famiglia 596: 576:On the Art of Building 568: 552: 418:Descriptio urbis Romae 333: 305: 279:First major commission 223: 3975:Catholic philosophers 3955:Italian male painters 3860:Leon Battista Alberti 3837:The Age of the Medici 3723:(worked in 1456–1470) 3701:Leon Battista Alberti 3659:Philosophy portal 2501:Leon Battista Alberti 2359:Wright, D.R. Edward, 2149:, Cottbus, May 2009. 2014:Leon Battista Alberti 1967:Caves, R. W. (2004). 1921:on February 10, 2015. 1828:Leon Baptiste Alberti 1826:Joseph Rykwert, ed., 1711:Leon Battista Alberti 1508:The Age of the Medici 1336:, in Italian (1804 ). 1296: 1208:polyalphabetic cipher 1132: 1121: 1093:Piero della Francesca 1014: 967:portrayed Alberti in 941:Santissima Annunziata 932:Sepolcro Rucellai in 885:Giardino all'italiana 842: 546: 455:Further information: 405:De componendis cifris 329: 206: 134:Leon Battista Alberti 23:Leon Battista Alberti 3970:Linguists from Italy 3604:Philosophy of design 3484:In Praise of Shadows 3474:The Critic as Artist 2577:, September 26, 2011 2317:Livres de la famille 1793:Jacob Burckhardt in 1739:Leon Battsta Alberti 1641:Artibus et Historiae 1265:and worked with the 1122:The upper storey of 1052:Filippo Brunelleschi 897:Sant' Andrea, Mantua 816:San Miniato al Monte 289:Sigismondo Malatesta 147:Renaissance humanist 3802:De re aedificatoria 3735:(ground break 1472) 3733:Sant'Andrea, Mantua 3614:Philosophy of music 3589:Mathematical beauty 2635:English translation 1659:(August 27, 2010). 1517:Santa Maria Novella 1384:English translation 1353:De re aedificatoria 1225:David Kahn (1967). 1124:Santa Maria Novella 1071:De re aedificatoria 1017:Tempio Malatestiano 864:Palazzo Piccolomini 808:Santa Maria Novella 802:Santa Maria Novella 793:Santa Maria Novella 763:Bernardo Rossellino 739:Tempio Malatestiano 723:Giovanni de' Medici 644:Architectural works 597:De re aedificatoria 570:De re aedificatoria 549:De Re Aedificatoria 307:De re aedificatoria 301:Santa Maria Novella 297:Tempio Malatestiano 167:Johannes Trithemius 157:, philosopher, and 126:Italian Renaissance 112:Santa Maria Novella 104:Tempio Malatestiano 3960:Italian male poets 3950:Italian medallists 3773:Rucellai Sepulchre 3609:Philosophy of film 3599:Patterns in nature 3569:Applied aesthetics 3544:Why Beauty Matters 3330:Life imitating art 3191:Art for art's sake 2678:2020-08-03 at the 2663:2010-11-15 at the 2640:2019-02-16 at the 2613:2020-08-12 at the 2601:2020-08-12 at the 2589:2009-03-05 at the 2572:2011-07-17 at the 2564:, Caspar Pearson, 2560:2021-08-30 at the 2548:2018-12-17 at the 2530:2011-07-18 at the 2366:2020-08-06 at the 2304:2020-11-25 at the 2260:2022-04-18 at the 2244:2020-08-06 at the 2157:2022-04-18 at the 2142:2022-04-18 at the 2130:2022-04-18 at the 2110:2022-04-18 at the 1954:2018-12-17 at the 1905:Liukkonen, Petri. 1744:2015-09-06 at the 1716:2022-04-01 at the 1503:Roberto Rossellini 1496:In popular culture 1424:2023-07-23 at the 1378:2016-03-05 at the 1299: 1269:, astrologer, and 1135: 1127: 1085:Calumny of Apelles 1020: 977:Camera degli Sposi 845: 553: 334: 224: 3847: 3846: 3749:Secular buildings 3667: 3666: 3619:Psychology of art 3494:Art as Experience 2496:Library resources 2340:978-0-300-07615-8 2324:Manfredo Tafuri, 2287:Anthony Grafton, 2280:978-0-684-10114-9 2227:Günther Fischer, 1770:, Octopus (1979) 1670:978-3-0346-0473-4 1619:978-0-691-18331-2 1585:978-0-08-055058-9 1531:Army Intelligence 1434:, Italian edition 1415:978-1-107-00062-9 1369:978-0-262-51060-8 1327:978-0-14-043331-9 829:Classical Revival 727:Cosimo il Vecchio 538:Commentario terzo 481:to approach the 352:Alberti as artist 131: 130: 52:Republic of Genoa 4002: 3840:(1973 TV series) 3775:(c. 1458–1467), 3708:Church buildings 3694: 3687: 3680: 3671: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3549: 3539: 3529: 3519: 3509: 3499: 3489: 3479: 3469: 3459: 3449: 3439: 3429: 3419: 2718: 2711: 2704: 2695: 2686:Works of Alberti 2284: 2224:. Stuttgart 1982 2169: 2114: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2057:Liane Lefaivre, 2055: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2023: 2017: 2007: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1964: 1958: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1923: 1922: 1902: 1887: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1831: 1824: 1801: 1791: 1778: 1765: 1750: 1734: 1721: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1653: 1647: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1569: 1544:The Rule of Four 1407:Rocco Sinisgalli 1402: 1331: 1274:Paolo Toscanelli 1240:Antonio Muratori 1234: 1232: 1179:(On Law, 1437), 1074: 981:Ludovico Gonzaga 965:Jacob Burckhardt 939:The Tribune for 872:Palazzo Rucellai 858:The piazza is a 788: 776: 755:Palazzo Rucellai 681:Classical orders 668: 656: 599: 573: 534:Lorenzo Ghiberti 515: 512: 491:Kitab al-manazir 414:Paolo Toscanelli 331:Palazzo Rucellai 310: 213:Brancacci Chapel 144: 139: 108:Palazzo Rucellai 100: 65: 44:14 February 1404 33: 19: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3824: 3808: 3781: 3761: 3744: 3703: 3698: 3668: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3628: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3527: 3524:Critical Essays 3517: 3507: 3497: 3487: 3477: 3467: 3457: 3447: 3437: 3427: 3417: 3401: 3174: 3088:Ortega y Gasset 2881: 2793: 2727: 2722: 2680:Wayback Machine 2665:Wayback Machine 2642:Wayback Machine 2615:Wayback Machine 2603:Wayback Machine 2591:Wayback Machine 2574:Wayback Machine 2562:Wayback Machine 2550:Wayback Machine 2532:Wayback Machine 2521: 2520: 2519: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2368:Wayback Machine 2332:Robert Tavernor 2306:Wayback Machine 2291:. New York 2000 2281: 2266: 2262:Wayback Machine 2246:Wayback Machine 2218:Francesco Borsi 2203: 2201:Further reading 2177:Parte Prima, St 2165: 2159:Wayback Machine 2144:Wayback Machine 2132:Wayback Machine 2123: 2118: 2117: 2112:Wayback Machine 2102: 2098: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2008: 1989: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1956:Wayback Machine 1946: 1942: 1933: 1926: 1904: 1903: 1890: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1834: 1825: 1804: 1792: 1781: 1766: 1753: 1746:Wayback Machine 1736:Melissa Snell, 1735: 1724: 1718:Wayback Machine 1707: 1703: 1696: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1638: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1553:Dustin Thomason 1525:Renaissance Man 1498: 1426:Wayback Machine 1419:books.google.de 1397: 1380:Wayback Machine 1328: 1316: 1291: 1224: 1009: 950: 923: 921:Other buildings 899: 837: 804: 799: 798: 797: 796: 795: 789: 781: 780: 777: 751: 735: 692:Pope Nicholas V 676: 675: 674: 673: 672: 669: 661: 660: 657: 646: 580:De architectura 513: 459: 453: 387:in Urbino. The 354: 285:Rucellai Palace 281: 269:Pope Nicholas V 261:Leonello d'Este 209:Filippino Lippi 201: 196: 137: 98: 73: 67: 63: 54: 45: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4008: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3980:Artist authors 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3841: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3820:Alberti cipher 3816: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3798: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3594:Neuroesthetics 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3574:Arts criticism 3571: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3540: 3530: 3520: 3510: 3500: 3490: 3480: 3470: 3460: 3450: 3444:On the Sublime 3440: 3430: 3420: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3310: 3308:Interpretation 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3208: 3203: 3201:Artistic merit 3198: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2850:Psychoanalysis 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2683: 2668: 2653: 2645: 2619: 2618: 2617: 2605: 2593: 2578: 2552: 2540: 2534: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490:External links 2488: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2443: 2440: 2429: 2426: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2357: 2343: 2329: 2322: 2312: 2309: 2295:Mark Jarzombek 2292: 2285: 2279: 2264: 2248: 2232: 2225: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2186: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2096: 2081: 2072: 2063: 2050: 2041: 2018: 1987: 1974: 1959: 1940: 1924: 1888: 1868:Nader El-Bizri 1860: 1851: 1832: 1802: 1779: 1751: 1722: 1701: 1695:978-0198691372 1694: 1676: 1669: 1648: 1632: 1618: 1598: 1584: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1539: 1520: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1435: 1429: 1403: 1395: 1387: 1350: 1337: 1326: 1311:, in English, 1290: 1289:Works in print 1287: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1259: 1243: 1235: 1212:Alberti cipher 1200: 1197:Cosimo Bartoli 1173:Vita S. Potiti 1169:Della famiglia 1153: 1116: 1115: 1112:Aldus Manutius 1100: 1080: 1065: 1061: 1008: 1005: 953:Giorgio Vasari 949: 946: 945: 944: 937: 930: 927:San Sebastiano 922: 919: 911:triumphal arch 898: 895: 836: 833: 803: 800: 790: 783: 782: 778: 771: 770: 769: 768: 767: 750: 747: 734: 731: 708:Trevi Fountain 696:Roman aqueduct 670: 663: 662: 658: 651: 650: 649: 648: 647: 645: 642: 611:Alberti wrote 602:Cosimo Bartoli 507:Ibn al-Haytham 452: 449: 389:Duke of Urbino 382:soldier-prince 353: 350: 342:San Sebastiano 280: 277: 265:triumphal arch 219:painting, the 200: 197: 195: 192: 182:Giorgio Vasari 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 101: 95: 94: 89:Architecture, 87: 86:Known for 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 68: 66:(aged 68) 60: 56: 55: 46: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4007: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3624:Theory of art 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3415: 3414:Hippias Major 3411: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3273:Entertainment 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196:Art manifesto 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3186:Appropriation 3184: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078:Merleau-Ponty 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2893:Abhinavagupta 2891: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:Postmodernism 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2630:Della pittura 2627: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2451:88-88967-58-3 2448: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437:88-7624-394-1 2434: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423:2-910735-88-5 2420: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2355:0-19-283410-X 2352: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212:History Today 2209: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2085: 2082: 2079:Brosi, p. 254 2076: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1705: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657:Williams, Kim 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1636: 1633: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1602: 1599: 1587: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1568: 1565: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:0-262-51060-X 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1348:0-674-00754-9 1345: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334:Della Pittura 1329: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1230: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204:cryptographer 1201: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165:Intercoenales 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1125: 1120: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1077:Giacomo Leoni 1073: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1048:Della pittura 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1006: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 973: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 947: 942: 938: 935: 934:San Pancrazio 931: 928: 925: 924: 920: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 894: 891: 887: 886: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 841: 834: 832: 830: 825: 824:ocular window 821: 817: 813: 809: 801: 794: 787: 775: 766: 764: 760: 756: 748: 746: 744: 740: 732: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 700:Acqua Vergine 697: 693: 688: 686: 682: 667: 655: 643: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 571: 564: 562: 558: 557:Della pittura 550: 545: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 508: 504: 500: 499:De aspectibus 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 475: 470: 469:Della pittura 466: 464: 463:Della Pittura 458: 450: 448: 446: 442: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406: 401: 396: 394: 390: 386: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 351: 349: 347: 343: 339: 332: 328: 324: 322: 318: 314: 309: 308: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 278: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 254: 253:Della pittura 247: 245: 244:ancient ruins 241: 237: 233: 229: 222: 218: 214: 210: 205: 198: 193: 191: 189: 188: 183: 178: 176: 170: 168: 164: 160: 159:cryptographer 156: 152: 148: 143: 135: 127: 124: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 102: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 62:25 April 1472 61: 57: 53: 49: 43: 39: 32: 27: 20: 3835: 3800: 3792: 3700: 3542: 3532: 3522: 3492: 3482: 3462: 3452: 3442: 3432: 3422: 3412: 3359: 3335:Magnificence 3317: 3167: 3133:Schopenhauer 2968:Coomaraswamy 2902: 2886:Philosophers 2874: 2805:Aestheticism 2671: 2656: 2652:on audio MP3 2648: 2629: 2625: 2565: 2500: 2346: 2325: 2318: 2314: 2288: 2268: 2252: 2236: 2228: 2221: 2211: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2151: 2146: 2136: 2124: 2099: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2058: 2053: 2044: 2027: 2021: 2013: 2010:Franco Borsi 1982: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1943: 1935: 1919:the original 1910: 1879: 1863: 1854: 1847: 1827: 1795: 1767: 1737: 1709: 1704: 1685: 1679: 1660: 1651: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1623:. Retrieved 1608: 1601: 1589:. Retrieved 1574: 1567: 1549:Ian Caldwell 1542: 1536:Danny DeVito 1530: 1529: 1523: 1512: 1506: 1439:Intercenales 1438: 1431: 1398: 1389: 1352: 1339: 1333: 1317: 1315:, in Latin, 1312: 1308: 1302: 1271:cartographer 1247: 1228: 1193:De Iciarchia 1192: 1191:(1450), and 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1148:, a strange 1143: 1107: 1097:Fra Angelico 1084: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1000: 996: 988: 974: 968: 960: 957:Michelangelo 951: 915:Brunelleschi 900: 883: 868:cross window 863: 857: 853:Pope Pius II 846: 805: 752: 736: 712: 689: 685:Brunelleschi 677: 626:roman à clef 621: 612: 610: 579: 575: 565: 560: 556: 554: 548: 537: 526:John Peckham 518:Perspectivae 517: 498: 494: 490: 472: 468: 467: 462: 460: 451:Publications 444: 438: 429: 426:De iciarchia 425: 421: 417: 403: 400:cryptography 397: 360:who studied 355: 335: 316: 282: 258: 251: 248: 225: 220: 185: 179: 171: 133: 132: 99:Notable work 71:Papal States 64:(1472-04-25) 3870:1472 deaths 3865:1404 births 3428:(c. 335 BC) 3418:(c. 390 BC) 3397:Work of art 3350:Picturesque 3206:Avant-garde 3163:Winckelmann 3038:Kierkegaard 2963:Collingwood 2933:Baudrillard 2860:Romanticism 2830:Historicism 2764:Mathematics 2188:F. Canali, 1915:Kuusankoski 1913:. Finland: 1625:20 February 1591:20 February 1318:On Painting 1309:On Painting 1216:Cipher Disk 1108:Philodoxius 1040:perspective 961:On Painting 890:Val d'Orcia 831:buildings. 522:Roger Bacon 514: 1041 483:perspective 240:holy orders 91:linguistics 78:Nationality 3854:Categories 3794:De pictura 3367:Recreation 3345:Perception 3238:Creativity 2938:Baumgarten 2928:Baudelaire 2810:Classicism 2725:Aesthetics 2626:De pictura 2167:2117/14252 2121:References 1776:0706408578 1313:De Pictura 1304:De Pictura 1267:astronomer 1248:Musica Son 1220:David Kahn 1181:Theogenius 1157:Philodoxus 1044:De pictura 1035:De pictura 1029:De pictura 759:Corinthian 719:Michelozzo 606:Nicholas V 592:aesthetics 495:The Optics 474:De Pictura 199:Early life 3372:Reverence 3278:Eroticism 3248:Depiction 3221:Masculine 3123:Santayana 3083:Nietzsche 3028:Hutcheson 3018:Heidegger 3003:Greenberg 2958:Coleridge 2923:Balthasar 2908:Aristotle 2870:Theosophy 2865:Symbolism 2840:Modernism 2825:Formalism 1534:starring 1391:De Cifris 1057:De statua 989:Quid tum? 985:plaquette 860:trapezoid 704:debouched 584:Vitruvius 561:De statua 441:panegyric 376:court in 362:Aristotle 321:Pisanello 317:De statua 313:Vitruvius 194:Biography 163:polymaths 3647:Category 3579:Axiology 3448:(c. 500) 3438:(c. 100) 3313:Judgment 3268:Emotions 3263:Elegance 3243:Cuteness 3216:Feminine 3179:Concepts 3148:Tanizaki 3128:Schiller 3113:Richards 3103:Rancière 3073:Maritain 3008:Hanslick 2948:Benjamin 2820:Feminism 2789:Theology 2769:Medieval 2759:Japanese 2754:Internet 2676:Archived 2661:Archived 2638:Archived 2611:Archived 2599:Archived 2587:Archived 2570:Archived 2567:Berfrois 2558:Archived 2546:Archived 2528:Archived 2364:Archived 2345:Vasari, 2302:Archived 2258:Archived 2242:Archived 2237:AA Files 2155:Archived 2140:Archived 2128:Archived 2108:Archived 2036:43104980 1952:Archived 1846:Vasari, 1742:Archived 1714:Archived 1422:Archived 1376:Archived 1307:, 1435. 1280:things". 1256:Florence 1199:in 1586. 1089:Mantegna 997:Eclogues 948:Painting 818:and the 702:, which 555:In both 393:treatise 366:Plotinus 358:humanist 236:Florence 217:Masaccio 155:linguist 138:Italian: 122:Movement 93:, poetry 3829:Related 3642:Outline 3557:Related 3424:Poetics 3392:Tragedy 3382:Sublime 3355:Quality 3340:Mimesis 3298:Harmony 3283:Fashion 3258:Ecstasy 3253:Disgust 3169:more... 3138:Scruton 3063:Lyotard 2998:Goodman 2978:Deleuze 2913:Aquinas 2903:Alberti 2876:more... 2855:Realism 2835:Marxism 2815:Fascism 2798:Schools 2784:Science 2739:Ancient 1872:Alhazen 1800:, 1860. 1401:. 1441. 1382:and in 1177:De iure 1150:fantasy 1140:woodcut 1064:artist. 936:, 1467) 630:Jupiter 617:Erasmus 574:(1452, 503:Alhazen 410:grammar 378:Ferrara 273:Vatican 232:Bologna 81:Italian 3548:(2009) 3538:(1977) 3528:(1946) 3518:(1939) 3508:(1935) 3498:(1934) 3488:(1933) 3478:(1891) 3468:(1835) 3458:(1757) 3325:Kitsch 3303:Humour 3233:Comedy 3211:Beauty 3153:Vasari 3143:Tagore 3118:Ruskin 3058:Lukács 3048:Langer 2993:Goethe 2918:Balázs 2898:Adorno 2779:Nature 2744:Africa 2498:about 2449: 2435: 2421: 2353: 2338: 2277: 2034: 1876:Optics 1774: 1692: 1667: 1616: 1582: 1413: 1367: 1359: 1346: 1340:Momus, 1324: 1252:church 1223:code". 1152:novel. 1095:, and 993:Virgil 907:Mantua 876:loggia 849:Pienza 835:Pienza 812:Gothic 743:Rimini 634:Lucian 530:Witelo 528:, and 487:optics 479:optics 436:rule. 434:Medici 338:Mantua 293:Rimini 175:Mantua 151:priest 69:Rome, 3813:Other 3786:Books 3766:Tombs 3637:Index 3406:Works 3387:Taste 3377:Style 3158:Wilde 3098:Plato 3093:Pater 3053:Lipps 3013:Hegel 2983:Dewey 2973:Danto 2953:Burke 2774:Music 2749:India 2732:Areas 2657:Momus 2462:2007. 2181:, in 2032:JSTOR 1798:, 2.1 1559:Notes 1189:Momus 1104:Latin 882:with 638:Momus 622:Momus 509:, d. 445:Canis 370:curia 228:Genoa 48:Genoa 3361:Rasa 3319:Kama 3293:Gaze 3228:Camp 3108:Rand 3043:Klee 3033:Kant 3023:Hume 2943:Bell 2447:ISBN 2433:ISBN 2419:ISBN 2351:ISBN 2336:ISBN 2275:ISBN 1772:ISBN 1690:ISBN 1665:ISBN 1627:2022 1614:ISBN 1593:2022 1580:ISBN 1551:and 1411:ISBN 1365:ISBN 1357:ISBN 1344:ISBN 1322:ISBN 1263:maps 901:The 737:The 559:and 374:Este 364:and 59:Died 41:Born 3288:Fun 3068:Man 2988:Fry 2315:Les 2192:in 2162:hdl 1878:", 1874:’s 1547:by 1528:or 1417:, ( 1254:of 995:'s 806:At 741:in 698:of 588:fl. 540:). 184:'s 3856:: 3516:" 3506:" 3476:" 2297:, 2220:, 2012:. 1990:^ 1927:^ 1909:. 1891:^ 1886:). 1835:^ 1805:^ 1782:^ 1754:^ 1725:^ 1644:10 1371:. 1363:. 1332:; 1091:, 905:, 765:. 725:, 710:. 594:. 536:, 524:, 511:c. 497:; 402:, 340:, 323:. 275:. 190:. 177:. 169:. 153:, 114:, 110:, 106:, 50:, 3693:e 3686:t 3679:v 3512:" 3502:" 3472:" 2717:e 2710:t 2703:v 2644:) 2628:/ 2439:; 2425:. 2342:. 2283:. 2164:: 2093:. 2038:. 1698:. 1629:. 1595:. 1538:. 1428:) 1386:. 1330:. 1276:. 1060:. 1046:( 628:— 586:( 505:( 493:( 443:( 428:( 420:( 136:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.