269:, it was built in 1844 and was occupied by the wealthy rancher Miguel Leonis (October 20, 1824 – September 20, 1889) until his death. Afterward, the property was the subject of a legal dispute between his common law wife Espiritu Chijulla (1836 – May 10, 1906), heirs, and a daughter born out of wedlock; the dispute lasted more than 15 years in the courts. In 1961, the adobe had fallen victim to vandalism, and its owner applied for a permit to raze the structure and erect a supermarket in its place. Preservationists succeeded in having the adobe declared Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #1 in 1962, saving it from the wrecking ball at the last minute. It was listed on the
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appoint him as her agent and to sign a blanket conveyance of all her property to him on the pretense that it would be easier to transact business in his name; further litigation followed to recoup income taken for his own benefit and to contest conveyances and mortgages he had made to others. So completely was
Espiritu taken advantage of that "it is said that she was at one time reduced to a diet of acorns which she picked up off the ground at her home, her property being so tied up in the courts."
134:
613:
1519:
525:
Chichita" and thought to refer to the name by which
Espiritu's granddaughter reported that her grandmother called her. A young Calabasas resident claimed to see the ghost of Leonis dressed in an old-fashioned coat walking his sheep dog down the street near the adobe. There are tales of people allegedly hearing digging sounds coming from the adobe, where according to legend, Leonis kept his fortune.
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loud thuds from the upstairs bedroom resembling the sound of boots dropping to the floor. When the residents went upstairs to investigate, the room was filled with a strong soap aroma, a smell associated with Leonis who always appeared impeccably clean and smelled of soap. The noises continued, and the new owners learned to live with what they concluded was the prior owner's ghost.
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fence the site at its own expense. Owner Milton Katz declined the offer of fencing and said there was "no need to safeguard the two-story building from vandals because he plans to tear it down as soon as his plans for a supermarket on the site are completed." Though the property had been appraised at $ 135,000, Katz reportedly wanted $ 100,000 more than that to sell.
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The Leonis Adobe in recent years has operated as a living history museum to the
California ranch style of life. The museum is a popular location for school field trips in which students step back in time to the 1880s by touring the property and participating in recreations of 1880s lifeways. Students
484:
As efforts proved unsuccessful to find funding to pay the $ 240,000 demanded by the adobe's owner, Kay Beachy announced in March 1963 that she had paid the requested $ 240,000 to Milton Katz for the property. Mrs. Beachy agreed to hold the property until the Leonis Adobe
Association could buy it from
476:
While plans to demolish the adobe were pending, it was victimized by vandalism. Windows were smashed, walls and fixtures shattered, floors ripped, handrails on the stairs broken, and doors torn off. The Leonis Adobe
Association appealed to the owner to take steps to safeguard the adobe and offered to
424:
could not restrain itself, noting that her new husband was "barely out of pinafores" and that the "frisky" old woman's "affections appear to have been bubbling at a lively rate, in spite of her well-worn widow's weeds." Litigation over the estate continued until 1905, and
Espiritu continued living at
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According to legend, in the 1930s, a woman who lived there was leaning against a railing that cracked and was pulled back by a ghost, saving her from serious injury. Other stories include a guest at the adobe reportedly seeing an image in the upstairs hallway that spoke in a female voice, "Chichita,
480:
In August 1962, Katz's application to demolish the adobe was denied, and the newly formed City of Los
Angeles Cultural Heritage Board designated the adobe as the city's first Historic-Cultural Monument. The debate over preservation of the Leonis Adobe led to a broader discussion about preserving the
416:
However, Espiritu's legal troubles continued, as competing claims were made to the lands and swindlers pursued the uneducated
Espiritu's money. The estate produced a "hopeless jumble" of over 100 lawsuits and was "rich feeding for many law firms." A young Hollywood tavern owner persuaded Espiritu to
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He added to his holdings using the
California homestead laws. Wherever his livestock grazed, he built a shack and had one of his 100 employees become a "tenant" to support his claim under the homestead law. To prevent competing homestead claims, Leonis and his vaqueros were in constant conflict with
520:
in 2005. The first accounts of Leonis' ghost appearing at the adobe came in the 1920s when the first people outside the Leonis family moved into the adobe and began to remodel. According to Leonis' biographer Laura B. Gaye (1905–1981), the new residents heard footsteps on the stairs followed by two
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described her as "a typical
Mexican of the original cast," with "a very dark complexion, small black eyes, nose blunt, mouth large and lips tightly compressed when in repose." When Espiritu took the stand, she testified that she met Leonis at the Escorpion Indian camp in 1859, lived with him for 30
685:
by Eugene Raphael Plummer. It was known as the "Oldest House in Hollywood" and was designated as a California Historic Landmark #160 in 1935. It fell into disrepair and was the victim of vandalism and fires. The Leonis Adobe Association in conjunction with the Los Angeles Conservancy arranged with
399:
Espiritu contested the will, and a decade of court battles followed that were covered in detail by the Los Angeles press. At a jury trial in 1891, Espiritu called 40 witnesses who testified that Leonis had publicly acknowledged her as his wife. When Espiritu appeared in court dressed in black with
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However, by early 1961, Milton Katz of the Woodland Hills Building and Finance Co. had acquired the adobe and sought to rezone the property to commercial use and to build a shopping center where the adobe sat. Opponents submitted petitions to the City Planning Commission and sought to establish
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When the Los Angeles Cultural-Historical Board was formed in 1962, Leonis Adobe was the first site designated as a Historic-Cultural Monument. By 2007, there were nearly 900 numbered sites that had received the designation, but Leonis Adobe has the prestige of having been designated as
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The Leonis Adobe Association finally collected the funds to purchase the property in 1965. Extensive research was done to restore the adobe to its condition when Miguel Leonis lived there. After the restoration was completed, the adobe was opened to the public in 1966.
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was named. The Agoures remodeled the house in 1920, adding bathrooms and expanding the living room. The Agoures lost the property to foreclosure in 1931, and the adobe was reportedly used as a chicken dinner restaurant and later as a retirement home. In 1962, the
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When Espiritu died, her son (by her first marriage), Juan Menendez, moved into the adobe with his family. Menendez built the barn that stands at the back of the adobe. Menendez was a blacksmith who also made wine and built the tank house at the adobe to store it.
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369:. It was said that at the time of his death: "His flocks and herds ranged over a hundred hills, and his lands were measured in mileage rather than acres. When he died he left an estate valued at approximately $ 1,000,000."
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the county to move the front part of the Plummer House to its current location on the Leonis Adobe grounds. The Plummer House has been restored and is used as the visitor center and gift shop for the Leonis Adobe Museum.
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reported in detail on the "Sensational Disclosures." After a five-week trial, the jury took less than a day to return its verdict finding in favor of Espiritu and awarding her one-half of the Leonis estate.
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country community. Hidden Hills Corp. subdivided the surrounding 100 acres (0.40 km) into sites for ranch style homes ranging from 1.5 acres (6,100 m) to 10 acres (40,000 m). At the time,
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999:"Leonis Case Settled: Final Decree of Account and Distribution Signed; The End Reached in a Litigation Over an Estate That Has Lasted Eight Years – Parcel of Property Left is Valued at $ 60,000".
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The original portion of the adobe dates to 1844, but little is known about its use before it was acquired by Miguel Leonis. Some reports indicate that the adobe served as a stagecoach stop on the
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section of Los Angeles. He started as an employee at the ranch and bought half of the ranch from its owner when he became ill. The other half of the ranch was owned by a widowed mission Indian,
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1059:"The Leonis Estate: Espiritu Chijulla Establishes Her Claim; A Verdict in Her Favor; She Will Get Half the Property, While the Child Nettle Pryor Is Declarted to Have no Claim on the Estate".
83:
1109:"More Litigation over Leonis Lands: Wealthy Old Woman Sues to Clear Her Title; Mrs. de Leonis makes another attempt at law to protect her heavy interests in the Old Ranch at Calabasas".
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After his death, his will was read, identifying Espiritu Chujilla as his "faithful housekeeper" and leaving her only $ 10,000 with the balance of his estate going to his siblings. The
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squatters. In 1875, a conflict with a group of former Union soldiers who tried to settle on his lands led to two weeks of violence and killings, culminating in a battle in what is now
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years, and even had a daughter with him who died before adulthood. The grave identifying Leonis as the deceased child's father was offered as proof of their relationship.
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for PBS (a spin-off of his California Gold series). The program featured the grounds, the adobe, the staff, and interviews with several characters at the museum.
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reported that the entire French population was surprised that he left such a small sum to the woman "who has for nearly thirty years been considered his wife."
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Leonis came to Southern California as "an ignorant Basque sheep herder and blossomed into a robber baron holding feudal sway by the aid of a small army of
1079:"Etchepare Buried, But Fight Goes On: Etchepare Was the Agent of Leonis Widow, Who at One Time Was Reduced to Living on Acorns from Her Ancestral Trees".
460:
Around 1950, the site of the Leonis Adobe, then including 100 acres (0.40 km), was purchased by the Hidden Hills Corp., the principal sponsor of the
1234:
George Garrigues (October 21, 1962). "Civic Group Seeks to Preserve Landmarks: Committee of Architects Assembles Data on Historic Valley Structures".
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San Fernando Valley's history, with some opining that "the San Fernando Valley has no historical buildings or landmarks worth preserving."
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The adobe was acquired by Miguel Leonis (1824–1889) in the 1850s or 1860s. Leonis was a bearded, 6-foot-4-inch (1.93 m) native of
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Jerry Burns (October 29, 1983). "Calabasas landmark: Leonis Adobe Museum visitors can take quick voyage to 19th Century".
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In 1983, the Plummer House was moved to the grounds of the Leonis Adobe Museum. The Plummer House was built in 1874 in
2151:
1288:
Martha Willman (October 31, 1971). "Valley's Old Landmarks Haunted by Tales of Residents That Never Quite Fade Away".
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1264:"City Honors Woman for Saving of Adobe: Valley Philanthropist Awarded Scroll for Preservation of Historic Monument".
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The adobe was built in stages and, by the 1870s, Leonis had extensively enlarged and remodeled the dwelling into the
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When an old friend of Leonis reported that Espiritu had previously lived out of wedlock with two other men, the
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387:. The accident was said to have resulted from his unsteady condition after "too free indulgence in sour wine."
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338:-style mansion that remains today. He walled in the upper and lower porches to add more rooms. He added a
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1975:
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Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles County, California
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384:
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2001:
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1219:"Razing of Adobe Blocked by Board: Action by City Cultural Unit to Save Structure for Six Months".
1044:"The Leonis Case: The Sensational Disclosures Yesterday; The Life of the Woman Espiritu Reviewed".
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361:. Leonis acquired Espiritu's land by marrying her, though the marriage was later denied by Leonis.
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In 1889, Leonis died from wounds suffered by falling off and being run over by his wagon near
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331:. He controlled much of the west end of the San Fernando Valley and part of Ventura County.
1986:
580:
are able to pet, feed, and observe ranch animals under supervision of museum tour guides.
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1994:
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545:. It has been listed as a historic building at the city and national level as follows:
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206:
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1347:
1322:
787:"Five Must-See Historic Attractions Along El Camino Real, California's 'Royal Road'"
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Menendez sold the property in 1922 to the Agoure family, for whom the community of
969:
466:
1303:
Martha Willman (October 29, 1978). "Spirit of Don Miguel Lingers on in Adobe".
452:, who had reportedly moved out of the refurbished adobe several years earlier.
1141:"Leonis Adobe – Park or Parking? Calabasas House Center of Private-Public Row"
887:
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reported that the last person to reside in the house was motion picture actor
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Ira Gribin (October 17, 1981). "Leonis Adobe one of four remaining adobes".
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veranda on the front of the house and paneled the walls of the living room.
1204:
Jack McCurdy (August 1, 1962). "Destruction of Adobe by Vandals Feared".
469:, president of Hidden Hills Corp., announced plans to restore the adobe.
328:
1411:
858:"Old Indian Claims Own: Senora de Leonis Making a Last Fight in Court".
321:
708:"Historic – Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing: City Declared Monuments"
591:
In January 2010 Huell Howser spotlighted the Leonis Adobe on his show
1394:– The Story of the Leonis Adobe (video narrator by Los Angeles Mayor
955:"King of the Sheep Ranges: Senora Maria de Leonis Appears in Court".
507:
346:
325:
1386:
1094:"The Leonis Estate: A Sharper Defrauds Mrs. Leonis of Her Rights".
984:"Miguel Leonis: An Unceremonious Burial – Legal Troubles Brewing".
541:
Leonis Adobe is one of only four adobe residences remaining in the
944:
Library of CongressLibrary of Congress-HABS: Leonis (1963), page 4
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532:
250:
189:
1124:"Frisky Though Aged: Relict of Leonis Has Taken a Young Spouse".
1029:"Progress of the Leonis Will Contest: Espiritu Closes Her Case".
735:
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presented her with an award for her efforts in saving the adobe.
2192:
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
2132:
National Register of Historic Places in the San Fernando Valley
1990:
1537:
1415:
510:, the Leonis Adobe is haunted, and was featured in the British
349:." The first land he acquired was the 1,100-acre (4.5 km)
420:
When the 65-year-old Espiritu married an 18-year-old man, the
706:
Los Angeles Department of City Planning (September 7, 2007).
1402:
Video: Calabasas, A Living History – Leonis Adobe, Ruth Abel
276:
The adobe was restored and is operated as a living museum.
373:
Espiritu Chujilla and the legal battle over Leonis' estate
1350:. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks
400:
mourning veil attached to a black flat straw hat, the
261:. One of the oldest surviving private residences in
2197:
Buildings and structures in the San Fernando Valley
1961:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
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886:Kielbasa, John R. (1998). "Miguel Leonis Adobe".
265:and one of the oldest surviving buildings in the
1249:"Historic Leonis Adobe Bought by Civic Leader".
1184:"Petitioners Seek to Save Old Calabasas Adobe".
971:Same article in ProQuest (library card required)
2002:
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98:Show map of the Los Angeles metropolitan area
8:
2122:Adobe buildings and structures in California
701:
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473:protected landmark status for the property.
2054:Silver Lake, Angelino Heights and Echo Park
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923:"Part of Bygone Days of Calabasas Lives On"
16:Historic house in California, United States
2157:Reportedly haunted locations in California
2009:
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2187:History of Los Angeles County, California
2177:Museums in Los Angeles County, California
1161:
1159:
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40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2207:Houses in Los Angeles County, California
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2182:Parks in Los Angeles County, California
2142:Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
2018:Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
835:
833:
831:
695:
1342:
1340:
785:Hemmerlein, Sandi (January 27, 2020).
736:"National Register Information System"
730:
728:
49:Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument
23:
2202:Queen Anne architecture in California
1321:. Leonis Adobe Museum. Archived from
921:Michele and Tom Grimm (May 4, 1986).
889:Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County
853:
851:
762:. Leonis Adobe Museum. Archived from
658:
650:
641:
553:In 1975, the adobe was listed on the
379:Espíritu_Chijulla § Legal_battle
7:
2172:Historic house museums in California
1565:National Register of Historic Places
1457:Las Virgenes Unified School District
741:National Register of Historic Places
555:National Register of Historic Places
271:National Register of Historic Places
140:
115:
90:
425:the adobe until her death in 1906.
2127:History of the San Fernando Valley
299:Mission San Fernando Rey de España
14:
1166:"Historic Adobe to Be Restored".
1885:
1878:
1518:
1517:
1014:"THE COURTS: Leonis Will Case".
139:
132:
114:
107:
89:
82:
2137:California Historical Landmarks
1933:California Historical Landmarks
1139:Ted Thackrey (August 5, 1962).
2167:Open-air museums in California
1370:"History of the Plummer House"
645:California Historical Landmark
550:Historic-Cultural Monument #1.
456:Campaign to preserve the adobe
214:
201:
52:
1:
1505:Los Angeles Pet Memorial Park
760:"History of the Leonis Adobe"
586:Visiting... With Huell Howser
148:Show map of the United States
2162:Living museums in California
529:Designation as historic site
21:United States historic place
2069:Wilshire and Westlake Areas
1938:National Historic Landmarks
1148:Los Angeles Herald-Examiner
445:Los Angeles Herald-Examiner
2233:
1943:National Natural Landmarks
376:
316:a town in the traditional
2024:
1951:
1876:
1513:
671:
667:
638:
610:
200:NRHP reference
76:
64:
60:
46:
37:
30:
26:
2147:Houses completed in 1844
2034:East and Northeast Sides
1485:The Commons at Calabasas
295:Mission San Buenaventura
182:Architectural style
1495:Malibu Creek State Park
898:Dorrance Publishing Co.
253:located in what is now
1956:Keeper of the Register
1372:. Leonis Adobe Museum.
634:Eugene Raphael Plummer
576:
538:
123:Show map of California
71:The Leonis Adobe, 2008
2212:Calabasas, California
1976:Contributing property
1462:Calabasas High School
1443:Calabasas, California
1319:"Teacher Study Guide"
1268:. September 24, 1964.
988:. September 24, 1889.
862:. September 20, 1905.
746:National Park Service
713:. City of Los Angeles
574:
567:Living History Museum
537:Leonis Adobe, c. 1960
536:
512:paranormal television
372:
353:, in what is now the
237:Designated LAHCM
2098:34.1576°N 118.6402°W
2029:Downtown Los Angeles
1407:Big Orange Landmarks
1396:Antonio Villaraigosa
1128:. November 25, 1895.
933:on February 1, 2013.
575:Barn at Leonis Adobe
385:Cahuenga, California
161:23537 Calabasas Rd.,
2094: /
2049:San Fernando Valley
1500:Malibu Hindu Temple
1387:Leonis Adobe Museum
1170:. November 5, 1950.
1113:. October 22, 1901.
1098:. November 3, 1895.
748:. January 23, 2007.
617:Plummer House, 2008
562:Leonis Adobe Museum
543:San Fernando Valley
351:Rancho El Escorpión
305:Under Miguel Leonis
267:San Fernando Valley
2152:Mexican California
2103:34.1576; -118.6402
1675:Los Angeles County
1188:. January 5, 1961.
959:. August 11, 1904.
660:Reference no.
577:
539:
263:Los Angeles County
2077:
2076:
2059:South Los Angeles
1984:
1983:
1971:Historic district
1531:
1530:
1305:Los Angeles Times
1290:Los Angeles Times
1266:Los Angeles Times
1253:. March 29, 1963.
1251:Los Angeles Times
1236:Los Angeles Times
1223:. August 7, 1962.
1221:Los Angeles Times
1206:Los Angeles Times
1186:Los Angeles Times
1168:Los Angeles Times
1126:Los Angeles Times
1111:Los Angeles Times
1096:Los Angeles Times
1081:Los Angeles Times
1061:Los Angeles Times
1046:Los Angeles Times
1031:Los Angeles Times
1016:Los Angeles Times
1001:Los Angeles Times
986:Los Angeles Times
957:Los Angeles Times
927:Los Angeles Times
860:Los Angeles Times
842:Los Angeles Times
822:Los Angeles Times
675:
674:
422:Los Angeles Times
402:Los Angeles Times
393:Los Angeles Times
359:Espiritu Chujilla
336:Monterey Colonial
244:
243:
224:Significant dates
186:Monterey Colonial
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2011:
2004:
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1988:
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1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1521:
1520:
1469:Viewpoint School
1436:
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1392:Share the Legend
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1325:on July 18, 2011
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1083:. June 20, 1901.
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996:
990:
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946:
941:
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929:. Archived from
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723:
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655:January 11, 1935
615:
603:
340:Queen Anne-style
247:The Leonis Adobe
216:
203:
149:
143:
142:
136:
124:
118:
117:
111:
99:
93:
92:
86:
69:
54:
32:The Leonis Adobe
24:
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2100:
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2073:
2020:
2015:
1985:
1980:
1947:
1916:
1890:
1886:
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1883:
1879:
1874:
1780:San Luis Obispo
1577:
1571:
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1527:
1509:
1473:
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1063:. June 6, 1891.
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1615:Contra Costa
1490:Leonis Adobe
1489:
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1352:. Retrieved
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
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794:. Retrieved
790:
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764:the original
754:
739:
715:. Retrieved
679:Plummer Park
676:
592:
590:
585:
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540:
523:
517:Most Haunted
515:
505:
496:
483:
479:
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462:Hidden Hills
459:
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367:Hidden Hills
363:
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320:province of
313:
308:
288:
275:
246:
245:
232:May 29, 1975
18:
2101: /
2089:118°38′25″W
2039:Harbor Area
1921:Other lists
1902:Los Angeles
1795:Santa Clara
1775:San Joaquin
796:January 29,
593:Visiting...
493:Restoration
467:A.E. Hanson
291:Camino Real
285:Early years
213:LAHCM
2116:Categories
2086:34°09′27″N
1830:Stanislaus
1800:Santa Cruz
1755:San Benito
1750:Sacramento
1569:California
1354:October 8,
690:References
652:Designated
355:West Hills
259:California
194:Queen Anne
168:California
2044:Hollywood
1785:San Mateo
1765:San Diego
1745:Riverside
1695:Mendocino
1625:El Dorado
1620:Del Norte
1605:Calaveras
1578:by county
1478:Landmarks
1329:April 28,
894:Pittsburg
770:April 29,
631:Architect
487:Sam Yorty
273:in 1975.
255:Calabasas
164:Calabasas
2064:Westside
1907:Pasadena
1855:Tuolumne
1815:Siskiyou
1715:Monterey
1690:Mariposa
1645:Imperial
1640:Humboldt
1523:Category
347:vaqueros
329:Pyrenees
293:between
207:75000433
158:Location
1928:Bridges
1860:Ventura
1845:Trinity
1585:Alameda
1450:Schools
1003:. 1898.
717:May 28,
514:series
324:in the
322:Labourd
280:History
55: 1
1850:Tulare
1840:Tehama
1835:Sutter
1825:Sonoma
1820:Solano
1810:Sierra
1805:Shasta
1740:Plumas
1735:Placer
1730:Orange
1725:Nevada
1700:Merced
1680:Madera
1670:Lassen
1630:Fresno
1610:Colusa
1595:Amador
1590:Alpine
903:
508:legend
439:Agoura
326:French
318:Basque
51:
1705:Modoc
1685:Marin
1660:Kings
1635:Glenn
1600:Butte
1576:Lists
1144:(PDF)
711:(PDF)
623:Built
584:PBS'
410:Times
251:adobe
190:Adobe
174:Built
1870:Yuba
1865:Yolo
1720:Napa
1710:Mono
1665:Lake
1655:Kern
1650:Inyo
1356:2012
1331:2008
901:ISBN
798:2020
791:KCET
772:2008
719:2008
626:1874
297:and
177:1844
1567:in
663:160
215:No.
202:No.
53:No.
2118::
1339:^
1274:^
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1176:^
1156:^
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925:.
896::
892:.
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850:^
830:^
806:^
789:.
744:.
738:.
727:^
698:^
681:,
301:.
257:,
192:,
188:,
166:,
2010:e
2003:t
1996:v
1557:e
1550:t
1543:v
1435:e
1428:t
1421:v
1398:)
1358:.
1333:.
1307:.
1292:.
1238:.
1208:.
1150:.
911:.
909:.
844:.
824:.
800:.
774:.
721:.
557:.
314:,
219:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
