864:) and leopard seal females are larger than males. They are covered in a thick layer of blubber that helps to keep them warm while in the cold temperatures of the Antarctic. This layer of blubber also helps to streamline their body making them more hydrodynamic. This is essential when hunting small prey items such as penguins because speed is necessary. Scientists take blubber thickness, girth, weight, and length measurements of leopard seals to learn about their average weight, health, and population as a whole. These measurements are then used to calculate their energetics which is the amount of energy and food it takes for them to survive as a species. They also have incredible diving capabilities. This information can be obtained by scientists by attaching transmitters to the seals after they are tranquilized on the ice. These devices are called satellite-linked time depth recorders (SLDRs) and time-depth recorders (TDRs). Scientists attach this device usually to the head of the animal and it records depth, bottom time, total dive time, date and time, surface time, haul out time, pitch and roll, and total number of dives. This information is sent to a satellite where scientists from anywhere in the world can collect the data, allowing them to learn more about leopard seals diet and foraging habits. With this information, scientists are able to calculate and better understand their diving physiology. They are primarily shallow divers but they do dive deeper than 80 meters in search for food. They are able to complete these dives by collapsing their lungs and re-inflating them at the surface. This is possible by increasing surfactant which coats the alveoli in the lungs for re-inflation. They also have a reinforced trachea to prevent collapse at great depth pressures.
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continents to provide care for their pups. While solitary animals may appear in areas of lower latitudes, females rarely breed there. Some researchers believe this is due to safety concerns for the pups. Lone male leopard seals hunt other marine mammals and penguins in the pack ice of antarctic waters. The estimated population of this species ranges from 220,000 to 440,000 individuals, putting leopard seals at "least concern". Although there is an abundance of leopard seals in the
Antarctic, they are difficult to survey by traditional audiovisual techniques as they spend long periods of time vocalizing under the water’s surface during the austral spring and summer, when audiovisual surveys are carried out. This habit of submarine vocalizing makes leopard seals naturally suited for acoustic surveys, as are conducted with
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650:(the chest) is inflated and as they call their chest pulses. The male calls can be split into two categories: vocalizing and silencing; vocalizing is when they are making noises underwater, and silencing noted as the breathing period at the air surface. Adult male leopard seals have only a few stylized calls, some are like bird or cricket-like trills yet others are low haunting moans. Scientists have identified five distinctive sounds that male leopard seals make, which include: the high double trill, medium single trill, low descending trill, low double trill, and a hoot with a single low trill. These cadences of calls are believed to be a part of a long range acoustic display for territorial purposes, or to attract a potential mate.
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between the ages of three and seven, and can give birth to a single pup during the summer on the floating ice floes of the
Antarctic pack ice; males reach sexual maturity around the age of six or seven years. Mating occurs from December to January, shortly after the pups are weaned when the female seal is in estrus. In preparation for the pups, the females dig a circular hole in the ice as a home for the pup. A newborn pup weighs around 66 pounds and are usually with their mother for a month, before they are weaned off. The male leopard seal does not participate in taking care of the pup, and goes back to its solitary lifestyle after the breeding season. Most leopard seal breeding take place on a pack of ice.
921:. Brown and another researcher, Richard Burt, were snorkeling in the water. Burt was snorkeling at a distance of 15 metres (nearly 50 feet) from Brown when the team heard a scream and saw Brown disappear deeper into the water. She was rescued by her team, but they were unable to resuscitate her. It was later revealed that the seal had held Brown underwater for around six minutes at a depth of up to 70 meters (230 ft), drowning her. Furthermore, she suffered a total of 45 separate injuries (bites and scratches), most of which were concentrated around her head and neck. As Brown was snorkeling at the time, she may have even seen the seal approaching her.
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their few call types into individually distinctive sequences (or songs). The acoustic behavior of the leopard seal is believed to be linked to their breeding behaviour. In male seals, vocalizing coincides with the timing of their breeding season, which falls between
November and the first week of January; captive female seals vocalize when they have elevated reproductive hormones. Conversely, a female leopard seal can attribute calls to their environment as well; however, usually it is to gain the attention of a pup, after getting back from a forage for food.
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repeatedly until the penguin is dead. Previous reports stating the leopard seal skins its prey before feeding have been found to be incorrect. Lacking the teeth necessary to slice its prey into manageable pieces, it flails its prey from side to side tearing and ripping it into smaller pieces. Krill meanwhile, is eaten by suction, and strained through the seal's teeth, allowing leopard seals to switch to different feeding styles. Such generalization and adaptations may be responsible for the seal's success in the challenging
Antarctic ecosystem.
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902:, South Africa, three spear-fishermen encountered a leopard seal while spearing approximately 400 m offshore. The seal attacked them and, while they were swimming back to shore, disarmed them of their flippers and spearguns and kept harassing the men over the course of half an hour, inflicting multiple bite and puncture wounds.
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From a conservation standpoint, the only known predators of the leopard seals are orcas and sharks. Because of their limited subpolar distribution in the
Antarctic, they may be at risk as polar ice caps diminish with global warming. In the wild, leopard seals can live up to 26 years old. Leopard seal
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Leopard seals are large predators presenting a potential risk to humans. However, attacks on humans are rare. Most human perceptions of leopard seals are shaped by historic encounters between humans and leopard seals that occurred during the early days of
Antarctic exploration. Examples of aggressive
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Five research voyages were made to
Antarctica in 1985, 1987 and 1997–1999 to look at leopard seals. They sighted seal pups from the beginning of November to the end of December, and noticed that there was about one pup for every three adults, and they also noticed that most of the adults were staying
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Research shows that on average, the aerobic dive limit for juvenile seals is around 7 minutes, which means that during the winter months juvenile leopard seals do not eat krill, which is a major part of older seals' diets, since krill is found deeper during this time. This might occasionally lead to
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Southwell, C.; Bengtson, J.; Bester, M.; Schytte Blix, A.; Bornemann, H.; Boveng, P.; Cameron, M.; Forcada, J.; Laake, J.; Nordøy, E.; Plötz, J.; Rogers, T.; Southwell, D.; Steinhage, D.; Stewart, B.S.; Trathan, P (2012). "A review of data on abundance, trends in abundance, habitat use and diet of
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stated that the seal may have mistaken her for a fur seal, or may have been frightened by her presence and attacked in defence; Professor Boyd claimed that leopard seal attacks on humans were extremely rare, but warned that they may potentially become more common due to increased human presence in
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Since leopard seals live in an area difficult for humans to survive in, not much is known on their reproduction and breeding habits. However, it is known that their breeding system is polygynous, meaning that males mate with multiple females during the mating period. Females reach sexual maturity
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Leopard seals are very vocal underwater during the austral summer. The male seals produce loud calls (153 to 177 dB 1 μPa at 1 m) for many hours each day. While singing the seal hangs upside down and rocks from side to side under the water. Their back is bent, the neck and cranial thoracic region
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The leopard seals have age-related differences in their calling patterns, just like birds. The younger male seals have many different types of variable calls, but the mature male seals have only a few, highly stylized calls. Each male leopard seal produces these individual calls, and can arrange
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When hunting penguins, the leopard seal patrols the waters near the edges of the ice, almost completely submerged, waiting for the birds to enter the ocean. It kills the swimming bird by grabbing the feet, then shaking the penguin vigorously and beating its body against the surface of the water
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Most leopard seals remain within the pack ice throughout the year and remain solitary during most of their lives with the exception of a mother and her newborn pup. These matrilineal groups can move further north in the austral winter to sub-antarctic islands and the coastlines of the southern
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The leopard seal has a distinctively long and muscular body shape when compared to other seals. The overall length of adults is 2.4–3.5 m (7.9–11.5 ft) and their weight is in the range 200 to 600 kilograms (440 to 1,320 lb), making them the same length as the northern
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Vocalization is thought to be important in breeding, since males are much more vocal around this time. Mating takes place in the water, and then the male leaves the female to care for the pup, which the female gives birth to after an average gestation period of 274 days.
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Leopard seals' heads and front flippers are extremely large in comparison to other phocids. Their large front flippers are used to steer themselves through the water column making them extremely agile while hunting. They use their front flippers similarly to sea lions
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co-operative hunting. Co-operative hunting of leopard seals on
Antarctic fur seal pups has been witnessed, which could be a mother helping her older pup, or could also be female-male couple interactions, to increase their hunting productivity.
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In 1985, Canadian-British explorer Gareth Wood was bitten twice on the leg when a leopard seal tried to drag him off the ice and into the sea. His companions managed to save him by repeatedly kicking the animal in the head with the spiked
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of 1914–1917, when the expedition was camping on the sea ice. The "sea leopard", about 12 ft (3.7 m) long and 1,100 lb (500 kg), chased Orde-Lees on the ice. He was saved only when another member of the expedition,
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Kuhn, Carey E.; McDonald, Birgitte I.; Shaffer, Scott A.; Barnes, Julie; Crocker, Daniel E.; Burns, Jennifer; Costa, Daniel P. (2005). "Diving physiology and winter foraging behavior of a juvenile leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)".
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Southwell, C.; Paxton, C.; Borchers, D.; Boveng, P. Rogers, T. & de la Mare, W. (2008). "Uncommon or cryptic? Challenges in estimating leopard seal abundance by conventional but state-of-the-art methods".
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between 50ËšS and 80ËšS. Sightings of vagrant leopard seals have been recorded on the coasts of
Australia, New Zealand (where individuals have been seen even on the foreshores of major cities such as
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917:. This was the first recorded human fatality attributed to a leopard seal. Brown was part of a team of four researchers taking part in an underwater survey at South Cove, near the U.K.'s
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away from other adults during this season, and when they were seen in groups they showed no sign of interaction. Leopard seal pups mortality rate within the first year is close to 25%.
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It is perhaps best known for its massive jaws, which allow it to be one of the top predators in its environment. The front teeth are sharp like those of other carnivores, but their
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photographer, captured pictures of a leopard seal bringing live, injured, and then dead penguins to him, possibly in an attempt to teach the photographer how to hunt.
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Van Der Linde, Krista; Visser, Ingrid N.; Bout, Rick; Lalas, Chris; Shepherd, Lara; Hocking, David; Finucci, Brittany; Fyfe, Jim; Pinkerton, Matthew (2021).
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Rogers, T. L.; Cato, D. H. & Bryden, M. M. (1996). "Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx".
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2278:"Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula"
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Southwell, Colin; Kerry, Knowles; Ensor, Paul; Woehler, Eric J.; Rogers, Tracey (2003). "The timing of pupping by pack-ice seals in East
Antarctica".
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Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx".
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Rogers, T.L.; Hogg, C. & Irvine, A. (2005). "Spatial movement of adult leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica".
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2216:"An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system"
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Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal,
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Antarctica. The coroner recorded the cause of death as “accidental” and “caused by drowning due to a leopard seal attack”.
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Rogers, T. L (2007). "Age-related differences in the acoustic characteristics of male leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx".
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are up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long. It feeds on a wide variety of creatures. Young leopard seals usually eat mostly
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1992:"Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica"
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Krause, Douglas J.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Goebel, Michael E.; LeRoi, Donald J. (2017-11-29).
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Borsa, Philippe (1990). "Seasonal occurrence of the leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, in the Kerguelen Islands".
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hunting is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS).
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Forcada, J.; Trathan, P.; Boveng, Boyd; I., Burns; J., Costa; D., Fedak; M., Rogers; T., Southwell, C. (2012).
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Muir, Shona F.; Barnes, David K.A.; Reid, Keith (2006). "Interactions between humans and leopard seals".
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Video of a leopard seal swimming and looking for emperor penguins in Antarctica, from Watanabe et al.,
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behaviour, stalking and attacks are rare, but have been documented. A large leopard seal attacked
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1204:"Plasticity in the morphometrics and movements of an Antarctic apex predator, the leopard seal"
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NOAA Fisheries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center
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1599:"Density Can Be Misleading for Low-Density Species: Benefits of Passive Acoustic Monitoring"
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1370:"Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and increasing krill fishing"
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Krause, Douglas J.; Goebel, Michael E.; Marshall, Greg J.; Abernathy, Kyler (2016-02-24).
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were recorded as prey items. Additionally, this population of leopard seals and those in
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1458:"Spatial patterns in activity of leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx in relation to sea ice"
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2128:"Leopard Seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters predating on chondrichthyans"
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Meade, J.; Ciaglia, M.B.; Slip, D.J.; Negrete, J.; Márquez M.E.I., Rogers, T. (2015).
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Walker, T.R.; Boyd, I.L.; Mccafferty, D.J.; Huin, N.; Taylor, R.I.; Reid, K. (1998).
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554:" coloration pattern dorsally and a paler, white to light gray color ventrally. The
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2651:. Topic ed. C. Michael Hogan, editor-in-chief Cutler Cleveland, NCSE, Washington DC
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but usually less than half the weight. Females are larger than males by up to 50%.
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2473:"NSRI appeal to the public to be cautious around seals and sea animals in general"
1851:"Reproduction - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
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Rogers TL (2014). "Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal".
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612:), South America, and South Africa. In August 2018, an individual was sighted at
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Leopard seals have shown a predilection for attacking the black, torpedo-shaped
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In a report read at the inquiry into Brown's death, Professor Ian Boyd from the
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1225:"Marine Species Identification Portal : Leopard seal - Hydrurga leptonyx"
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Berta, Annalisa (2009). "Pinnipedia: Overview". In Perrin, W. F.; WĂĽrsig, B.;
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Best Wildlife Photos of 2005 – "Underwater World" Winner: "Leopard Seal Pass"
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7171:
6992:
6607:
6599:
6548:
6398:
6284:
6266:
5980:
5814:
5647:
5489:
5455:
5267:
4959:
4233:
3703:
3179:
2747:
2585:
1203:
861:
836:
769:
625:
613:
597:
471:
446:
430:
255:
215:
98:
42:
17:
2715:
2259:
1796:
1685:
1642:
2541:
National Geographic photographer's surprise encounter with deadly predator
898:
on their boots. On 26 September 2021, near the dive site Spaniard Rock at
10106:
10020:
9819:
9708:
9664:
9601:
9367:
9123:
9065:
8865:
8631:
8524:
8379:
8270:
8251:
7594:
7057:
6874:
6850:
6211:
6061:
6007:
5943:
5938:
5891:
5823:
5741:
5611:
5360:
5351:
5249:
5204:
5084:
4917:
4741:
4654:
4563:
4553:
4532:
4492:
4379:
4311:
4219:
4210:
3530:
3326:
3079:
2962:
2929:
2778:
2766:
844:
777:
601:
555:
454:
426:
268:
235:
118:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
10126:
9906:
9469:
9043:
8423:
7976:
7823:
7697:
7412:
6924:
6254:
5720:
5276:
5240:
5107:
5075:
5059:
4572:
4275:
3854:
3335:
3242:
3160:
3088:
3030:
3007:
2900:
1835:
1723:
1100:
Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
982:
Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
895:
812:
605:
551:
458:
103:
78:
2645:
2294:
2277:
1788:
1677:
1482:
1457:
9919:
9476:
8276:
8264:
8080:
8027:
7772:
7460:
7194:
5914:
5575:
5410:
5167:
4604:
3376:
3302:
3251:
3233:
3206:
3127:
2989:
2772:
2760:
804:
528:
245:
225:
9796:
1912:
628:, allowing researchers to gather most of what is known about them.
9103:
8062:
7921:
7864:
7737:
7540:
7397:
7024:
7006:
6629:
6299:
5548:
5533:
4194:
3485:
2980:
2677:
729:
708:
690:
661:
635:
576:
517:
462:
450:
1335:"Antarctic Leopard seal turns up on Wellington's Lyall bay beach"
10033:
9130:
7436:
6332:
5657:
5593:
3266:
2998:
1990:
Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; Boveng, Peter L. (1999).
733:
721:
438:
9800:
9765:
9223:
8307:
8223:
7128:
6585:
5889:
5041:
4176:
3617:
2797:
2719:
5566:
5175:
3503:
704:
Activity Time Budget during Foraging Trips of Emperor Penguins
569:
in conjunction with their whiskers to track prey under water.
2616:". In Perrin, W. F.; WĂĽrsig, B.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.).
596:("ice-loving") seals, which primarily inhabit the Antarctic
550:
with a silver to dark gray blend and a distinctive spotted "
1102:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
984:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
909:
was killed by a leopard seal while conducting research
1547:
Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
815:
have also been taken as prey. Vagrant leopard seals in
2418:
2416:
2414:
1597:
Rogers TL, Ciaglia MB, Klinck H, Southwell C (2013).
9697:
9653:
9643:
9613:
9586:
9547:
9512:
9502:
9492:
9482:
9465:
9427:
9403:
9393:
9383:
9373:
9363:
9353:
9343:
9333:
9323:
9313:
9303:
9293:
9237:
9119:
9109:
9085:
9061:
9051:
9028:
9018:
8988:
8958:
8948:
8938:
8928:
8918:
8908:
8898:
8888:
8878:
8845:
8835:
8825:
8787:
8777:
8767:
8757:
8727:
8704:
8694:
8684:
8674:
8664:
8654:
8644:
8620:
8610:
8600:
8577:
8548:
8508:
8498:
8488:
8459:
8397:
8325:
10096:
9809:
9674:
9627:
9600:
9570:
9561:
9534:
9456:
9426:
9417:
9280:
9236:
9152:
9042:
9002:
8972:
8863:
8748:
8718:
8591:
8562:
8533:
8522:
8473:
8444:
8396:
8324:
8025:
7974:
7965:
7919:
7895:
7862:
7821:
7770:
7736:
7695:
7654:
7637:
7592:
7566:
7557:
7458:
7434:
7410:
7384:
7307:
7252:
7210:
7193:
7169:
7141:
7096:
7055:
7022:
7005:
6946:
6896:
6863:
6837:
6774:
6733:
6700:
6641:
6620:
6598:
6500:
6459:
6431:
6397:
6380:
6330:
6297:
6253:
6210:
6191:
6100:
6059:
6005:
5979:
5955:
5927:
5905:
5849:
5822:
5813:
5754:
5719:
5695:
5671:
5656:
5645:
5546:
5487:
5472:
5399:
5349:
5317:
5302:
5165:
5132:
5106:
5073:
5057:
4957:
4915:
4775:
4740:
4685:
4652:
4602:
4561:
4552:
4531:
4490:
4440:
4414:
4377:
4342:
4325:
4309:
4273:
4232:
4208:
4193:
4140:
3955:
3916:
3907:
3852:
3811:
3793:
3743:
3690:
3641:
3630:
3581:
3483:
3419:
3393:
3365:
3324:
3315:
3264:
3177:
3140:
3114:
3077:
3053:
3044:
3028:
2960:
2927:
2918:
2898:
2856:
2845:
2813:
1311:"Leopard seal sightings in New Zealand on the rise"
561:As "true" seals, they do not have external ears or
2440:
2047:"POV: Why Are Leopard Seals Eating Fur Seal Pups?"
720:The only natural predator of leopard seals is the
976:Wilson, Don E.; Seeder, Dee Ann M., eds. (2005).
538:lock together in a way that allows them to sieve
10220:Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
2506:. ecophotoexplorers.com. Retrieved on 2019-08-20
2077:"Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (
1924:
1922:
1769:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
1658:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
1094:Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005).
1030:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10340A45226422.en
8235:
2731:
2699:(video); National Geographic photo assignment
2612:Rogers, Tracey L. (2009). "The leopard seal,
2424:Inquiry into fatal leopard seal attack begins
1859:
1857:
1847:
1845:
441:. It feeds on a wide range of prey including
8:
2426:. NewScientist.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-24.
2390:"Leopard Seal Kills Scientist in Antarctica"
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
1579:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1504:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1406:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1179:
1177:
1175:
2586:"Leopard Seal - Seal Facts and Information"
1349:ice-breeding seals in the Southern Ocean".
10185:Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
9797:
9762:
9606:
9567:
9540:
9423:
9286:
9233:
9220:
9149:
8871:
8570:
8541:
8530:
8481:
8452:
8321:
8317:
8304:
8242:
8228:
8220:
7971:
7750:
7651:
7572:
7563:
7390:
7207:
7149:
7138:
7125:
7019:
6843:
6638:
6595:
6582:
6514:
6411:
6394:
6259:
6224:
6207:
5985:
5952:
5902:
5886:
5819:
5725:
5668:
5653:
5484:
5329:
5314:
5112:
5070:
5054:
5038:
4746:
4558:
4549:
4420:
4348:
4339:
4322:
4244:
4205:
4190:
4186:
4173:
4137:
3913:
3823:
3808:
3790:
3696:
3638:
3627:
3614:
3399:
3321:
3120:
3050:
3041:
2924:
2915:
2911:
2895:
2853:
2842:
2821:
2810:
2794:
2738:
2724:
2716:
364:
177:
153:
128:
31:
2447:. New York, NY: The Lyons Press. p.
2293:
2249:
2239:
2172:
2161:"Leopard seals suck up krill like whales"
2143:
1632:
1622:
1481:
1135:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp.
1028:
1521:"Odds against St Kilda leopard seal pup"
27:Macropredatory species of Antarctic seal
1262:"Leopard seal | TravelWild Expeditions"
968:
905:In 2003, biologist Kirsty Brown of the
776:. Leopard seals are also known to take
1572:
1497:
1399:
162:Size compared to a 1.82 m (6ft) human
2271:
2269:
1697:
1695:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1219:
1217:
1067:
1065:
7:
10195:Least concern biota of South America
10008:f844eb6c-0ec8-49ad-818c-2ec000e8468a
2703:Voices in the Sea – the Leopard Seal
2554:"How a Leopard Seal Fed Me Penguins"
2516:Briggs, Mike; Briggs, Peggy (2005).
1162:Walker's Marine Mammals of the World
640:A leopard seal displaying its teeth.
542:from the water in the manner of the
510:described the leopard seal in 1820.
437:). Its only natural predator is the
10150:IUCN Red List least concern species
4108:South African small-spotted genet (
2318:"Respiration and Diving Physiology"
1202:Kienle, Sarah S. (17 August 2022).
1016:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
883:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
783:Around the sub-Antarctic island of
666:A mother leopard seal with her pup.
425:, is the second largest species of
2518:The Encyclopedia of World Wildlife
2008:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01063.x
1754:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00593.x
1185:"Leopard Seals, Hydrurga leptonyx"
508:Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
482:, which together are known as the
25:
10210:Pliocene mammals of South America
10205:Extant Zanclean first appearances
4452:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
2697:"Face-off with a deadly predator"
2422:Carrington, Damian (2003-07-24).
9748:
9206:
9200:
9193:
2676:
2662:
2620:(2nd ed.). Academic Press.
2562:. March 11, 2014. Archived from
2081:) at Bird Island, South Georgia"
2025:. New York City: DK Publishing.
498:is the Greek for "thin-clawed".
470:. Its closest relatives are the
453:, fish, and birds, particularly
202:
1075:. Australian Antarctic Division
839:were noted to bear wounds from
10190:Least concern biota of Oceania
9782:List of fossil pinnipedimorphs
2618:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
2388:Owen, James (August 6, 2003).
1462:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1309:MacLean, Hamish (2019-01-19).
1166:Johns Hopkins University Press
1131:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
819:have been observed preying on
1:
3864:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2477:National Sea Rescue Institute
2021:Kindersley, Dorling (2005) .
1519:Taylor, Margot (2017-09-27).
1315:Otago Daily Times Online News
877:(1877–1958), a member of Sir
522:The skull of the leopard seal
8126:Indonesian mountain weasel (
7782:North American river otter (
6670:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
3724:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
2241:10.1371/journal.pone.0187465
2051:video.nationalgeographic.com
1624:10.1371/journal.pone.0052542
1386:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.002
978:"Species: Hydrurga leptonyx"
713:A leopard seal attacking an
4987:Somalian slender mongoose (
2543:. dpreview.com (2012-10-18)
2394:National Geographic Society
2132:Frontiers in Marine Science
1901:Canadian Journal of Zoology
421:), also referred to as the
10236:
10180:Mammals of South Australia
10165:Pinnipeds of South America
7940:Asian small-clawed otter (
6679:American hog-nosed skunk (
6661:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
4969:Angolan slender mongoose (
4664:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
3713:Small-toothed palm civet (
2496:Gyford, Sue (2003-11-14).
1828:10.1163/156853902321104154
1716:10.1163/156853902321104154
1229:species-identification.org
10200:Mammals described in 1820
9772:
9761:
9746:
9609:
9543:
9289:
9232:
9219:
9190:
9148:
8874:
8573:
8544:
8484:
8455:
8320:
8316:
8303:
8259:
7845:
7753:
7707:Saharan striped polecat (
7678:
7575:
7393:
7152:
7137:
7124:
6846:
6688:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6594:
6581:
6517:
6419:Mediterranean monk seal (
6414:
6262:
6227:
6148:Juan Fernández fur seal (
6112:South American fur seal (
6083:
6047:South American sea lion (
6042:
5988:
5901:
5885:
5728:
5520:
5429:South American gray fox (
5373:
5332:
5115:
5053:
5037:
5005:Common slender mongoose (
4871:
4749:
4635:
4585:
4478:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4473:
4423:
4351:
4247:
4189:
4185:
4172:
4136:
4000:Crested servaline genet (
3826:
3789:
3699:
3626:
3613:
3402:
3348:
3123:
2914:
2894:
2841:
2824:
2809:
2793:
2755:
2360:10.1017/S0954102006000058
2174:10.1038/nature.2012.11672
2145:10.3389/fmars.2021.795358
2105:10.1017/S0954102098000108
1969:10.1007/s00300-005-0053-x
1878:10.1007/s00300-003-0534-8
1567:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.005
1435:10.1007/s00300-004-0703-4
868:Relationships with humans
581:Leopard seal with a male
494:means "water worker" and
387:
380:
372:
363:
344:
337:
199:Scientific classification
197:
175:
166:
161:
152:
136:
127:
34:
8063:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
7931:African clawless otter (
7683:African striped weasel (
7496:Yellow-throated marten (
7372:Formosan ferret-badger (
7076:Western mountain coati (
7067:Eastern mountain coati (
6984:Western lowland olingo (
6966:Eastern lowland olingo (
6794:Southern spotted skunk (
6488:Southern elephant seal (
6479:Northern elephant seal (
6269:Pagophilus groenlandicus
5046:("dog-like" carnivorans)
4859:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4480:Mungotictis decemlineata
3355:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
2802:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2520:. Parragon. p. 60.
1160:Nowak, Ronald M (2003).
926:University of St Andrews
919:Rothera Research Station
907:British Antarctic Survey
10160:Pinnipeds of Antarctica
8108:Yellow-bellied weasel (
7363:Burmese ferret-badger (
7345:Chinese ferret-badger (
7336:Bornean ferret badger (
7327:Vietnam ferret-badger (
6812:Eastern spotted skunk (
6803:Western spotted skunk (
6533:Leptonychotes weddellii
6175:Subantarctic fur seal (
6121:Australasian fur seal (
4945:Black-footed mongoose (
4927:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
4876:White-tailed mongoose (
4814:Indian brown mongoose (
4796:Short-tailed mongoose (
4787:Small Indian mongoose (
4724:Flat-headed kusimanse (
4697:Alexander's kusimanse (
4673:Common dwarf mongoose (
4640:Pousargues's mongoose (
4502:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4461:Grandidier's mongoose (
3715:Arctogalidia trivirgata
2939:Sunda clouded leopard (
2644:Saundry, Peter. (2010)
1374:Biological Conservation
1056:Encyclopedia Britannica
855:Physiology and research
774:southern elephant seals
760:, and less frequently,
620:than in other regions.
10170:Pinnipeds of Australia
7949:Congo clawless otter (
7852:Hydrictis maculicollis
7850:Spotted-necked otter (
7809:Southern river otter (
7760:Pteronura brasiliensis
7523:European pine marten (
7034:South American coati (
6762:Palawan stink badger (
6088:New Zealand sea lion (
5153:Japanese raccoon dog (
4850:Crab-eating mongoose (
4805:Indian grey mongoose (
4428:Ring-tailed vontsira (
4239:(bone-crushing hyenas)
3934:Central African oyan (
3495:Chinese mountain cat (
1266:TravelWild Expeditions
1005:Hückstädt, L. (2015).
938:rigid inflatable boats
801:southern elephant seal
717:
706:
667:
641:
589:
523:
435:southern elephant seal
10055:Paleobiology Database
8254:and their stem-allies
8189:Back-striped weasel (
8135:Black-footed ferret (
7907:Smooth-coated otter (
7685:Poecilogale albinucha
7354:Javan ferret-badger (
7240:Sumatran hog badger (
7222:Northern hog badger (
6916:Crab-eating raccoon (
6821:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6542:Lobodon carcinophagus
6278:Histriophoca fasciata
6071:Australian sea lion (
6017:California sea lion (
5766:American black bear (
5508:Black-backed jackal (
5499:Side-striped jackal (
5339:Chrysocyon brachyurus
4763:Long-nosed mongoose (
4036:Rusty-spotted genet (
3873:Large-spotted civet (
3722:Sulawesi palm civet (
3651:Owston's palm civet (
3225:Andean mountain cat (
2649:Encyclopedia of Earth
2634:Heacox, Kim. (2006).
2282:Marine Mammal Science
1742:Marine Mammal Science
1023:: e.T10340A45226422.
793:Arctocephalus gazella
712:
701:
665:
639:
580:
558:are short and clear.
521:
402:(de Blainville, 1820)
8004:Long-tailed weasel (
7582:Lyncodon patagonicus
7231:Greater hog badger (
6753:Sunda stink badger (
6443:Hawaiian monk seal (
6166:Guadalupe fur seal (
6139:Antarctic fur seal (
6130:Galápagos fur seal (
6026:Galápagos sea lion (
5144:Common raccoon dog (
4996:Cape gray mongoose (
4936:Jackson's mongoose (
4896:Paracynictis selousi
4887:Cynictis penicillata
4511:Durrell's vontsira (
4099:Giant forest genet (
3891:Large Indian civet (
3831:Small Indian civet (
3440:Sunda leopard cat (
3216:Southern tiger cat (
3152:African golden cat (
2829:African palm civet (
2566:on February 28, 2021
964:Notes and references
795:) is the main prey.
8047:M. aistoodonnivalis
7883:Hairy-nosed otter (
7800:Neotropical otter (
7580:Patagonian weasel (
7043:White-nosed coati (
6243:Cystophora cristata
6234:Erignathus barbatus
5967:Northern fur seal (
5744:Helarctos malayanus
5380:Atelocynus microtis
5087:U. cinereoargenteus
4978:Egyptian mongoose (
4905:Rhynchogale melleri
4903:Meller's mongoose (
4894:Selous's mongoose (
4878:Ichneumia albicauda
4832:Collared mongoose (
4706:Angolan kusimanse (
4590:Liberian mongoose (
3943:West African oyan (
3842:Civettictis civetta
3773:Golden palm civet (
3731:Masked palm civet (
3706:Arctictis binturong
3680:Hemigalus derbyanus
3678:Banded palm civet (
3669:Hose's palm civet (
3458:Rusty-spotted cat (
2639:National Geographic
2590:www.seals-world.com
2559:National Geographic
2352:2006AntSc..18...61M
2232:2017PLoSO..1287465K
2097:1998AntSc..10...75W
1781:2007ASAJ..122..596R
1670:2014ASAJ..136.1495R
1615:2013PLoSO...852542R
1559:2008DSRI...55..519S
1474:2015MEPS..521..265M
1127:, J. G. M. (eds.).
947:National Geographic
890:, shot the animal.
169:Conservation status
10215:Pliocene pinnipeds
8162:European polecat (
7995:Colombian weasel (
7645:(African polecats)
7273:Caucasian badger (
7201:(Eurasian badgers)
6651:(hog-nosed skunks)
6388:("southern seals")
6287:Halichoerus grypus
6218:("northern seals")
6090:Phocarctos hookeri
5995:Eumetopias jubatus
5993:Steller sea lion (
5775:Asian black bear (
5525:African wild dog (
5479:(wolf-like canids)
4756:Atilax paludinosus
4715:Common kusimanse (
4642:Dologale dybowskii
4614:Gambian mongoose (
4398:Western falanouc (
4389:Eastern falanouc (
4358:Cryptoprocta ferox
4263:Parahyaena brunnea
4018:Johnston's genet (
3973:Abyssinian genet (
3925:(African linsangs)
3833:Viverricula indica
3764:Brown palm civet (
3755:Asian palm civet (
3662:Cynogale bennettii
3653:Chrotogale owstoni
3549:European wildcat (
3540:Black-footed cat (
3130:Leptailurus serval
3098:Asian golden cat (
2864:(Asiatic linsangs)
2708:2014-07-09 at the
2670:Marine life portal
2606:General references
2502:2016-04-18 at the
2437:Shackleton, Ernest
2203:. 27 January 2021.
2057:on August 10, 2015
1996:Journal of Zoology
1096:"Family: Phocidae"
789:Antarctic fur seal
758:chinstrap penguins
718:
707:
668:
642:
592:Leopard seals are
590:
583:Antarctic fur seal
524:
10137:
10136:
10042:Open Tree of Life
9868:Hydrurga_leptonyx
9855:Hydrurga_leptonyx
9841:Hydrurga leptonyx
9811:Hydrurga leptonyx
9803:Taxon identifiers
9794:
9793:
9790:
9789:
9777:List of pinnipeds
9757:
9756:
9744:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9736:
9735:
9732:
9731:
9530:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9215:
9214:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9144:
9143:
9140:
9139:
8859:
8858:
8440:
8439:
8329:Amphicynodontidae
8217:
8216:
8213:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8180:Siberian weasel (
8171:American ermine (
8099:Japanese weasel (
8054:Mountain weasel (
8038:
7961:
7960:
7747:
7732:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7716:Striped polecat (
7666:Marbled polecat (
7648:
7633:
7632:
7605:
7553:
7552:
7532:Japanese marten (
7478:American marten (
7471:
7329:M. cucphuongensis
7320:
7303:
7302:
7291:European badger (
7264:Japanese badger (
7204:
7157:American badger (
7120:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7016:
6975:Northern olingo (
6959:
6934:Cozumel raccoon (
6909:
6833:
6832:
6787:
6746:
6654:
6635:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6551:Ommatophoca rossi
6524:Hydrurga leptonyx
6511:
6508:(Antarctic seals)
6481:M. angustirostris
6472:
6455:
6454:
6421:Monachus monachus
6408:
6391:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6221:
6204:
6187:
6186:
6049:Otaria flavescens
6038:
6037:
5949:
5917:Odobenus rosmarus
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5832:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5707:Spectacled bear (
5665:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5481:
5468:
5467:
5387:Crab-eating fox (
5378:Short-eared dog (
5326:
5311:
5298:
5297:
5180:
5122:Otocyon megalotis
5066:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
4885:Yellow mongoose (
4736:
4735:
4623:Banded mongoose (
4592:Liberiictus kuhni
4546:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4410:
4409:
4336:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4241:
4202:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4072:Servaline genet (
3991:Bourlon's genet (
3966:
3927:
3903:
3902:
3785:
3784:
3757:P. hermaphroditus
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3522:African wildcat (
3479:
3478:
3449:Flat-headed cat (
3389:
3388:
3173:
3172:
3110:
3109:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
2948:Clouded leopard (
2907:
2882:Spotted linsang (
2866:
2831:Nandinia binotata
2627:978-0-12-373553-9
2614:Hydrurga leptonyx
2527:978-1-40545-680-7
2400:on August 8, 2003
2340:Antarctic Science
2295:10.1111/mms.12309
2159:Yong, Ed (2012).
2085:Antarctic Science
2079:Hydrurga leptonyx
2032:978-0-7894-7764-4
1935:www.pinnipeds.org
1822:(10): 1267–1286.
1812:Hydrurga leptonyx
1789:10.1121/1.2736976
1710:(10): 1267–1286.
1678:10.1121/1.4895685
1525:Otago Daily Times
1483:10.3354/meps11120
1146:978-0-12-373553-9
1109:978-0-8018-8221-0
1009:Hydrurga leptonyx
991:978-0-8018-8221-0
879:Ernest Shackleton
699:
687:Foraging behavior
645:Acoustic behavior
587:Livingston Island
585:on the shores of
506:French zoologist
457:. It is the only
418:Hydrurga leptonyx
409:
408:
374:Hydrurga leptonyx
348:Hydrurga leptonyx
319:
192:
147:Tabarin Peninsula
122:
16:(Redirected from
10227:
10175:Mammals of Chile
10130:
10129:
10117:
10116:
10115:
10089:
10088:
10076:
10075:
10063:
10062:
10050:
10049:
10037:
10036:
10024:
10023:
10011:
10010:
10001:
10000:
9988:
9987:
9975:
9974:
9962:
9961:
9949:
9948:
9936:
9935:
9923:
9922:
9910:
9909:
9897:
9896:
9884:
9883:
9871:
9870:
9858:
9857:
9845:
9844:
9843:
9830:
9829:
9828:
9798:
9763:
9752:
9699:
9655:
9645:
9615:
9607:
9588:
9568:
9549:
9541:
9514:
9504:
9494:
9484:
9467:
9429:
9424:
9405:
9395:
9385:
9375:
9365:
9355:
9345:
9335:
9325:
9315:
9305:
9295:
9287:
9239:
9234:
9221:
9210:
9204:
9198:
9197:
9150:
9121:
9111:
9087:
9063:
9053:
9030:
9020:
8990:
8960:
8950:
8940:
8930:
8920:
8910:
8900:
8890:
8880:
8872:
8847:
8837:
8827:
8789:
8779:
8769:
8759:
8729:
8706:
8696:
8686:
8676:
8666:
8656:
8646:
8622:
8612:
8602:
8579:
8571:
8550:
8542:
8531:
8510:
8500:
8490:
8482:
8461:
8453:
8399:
8327:
8322:
8318:
8305:
8244:
8237:
8230:
8221:
8153:Malayan weasel (
8072:Steppe polecat (
8045:Sichuan weasel (
8037:
8036:
8032:
7972:
7909:L. perspicillata
7874:Eurasian otter (
7751:
7746:
7745:
7741:
7652:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7621:Greater grison (
7604:
7603:
7599:
7573:
7564:
7514:Nilgiri marten (
7487:Pacific marten (
7470:
7469:
7465:
7391:
7374:M. subaurantiaca
7319:
7318:
7317:(ferret-badgers)
7314:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7150:
7139:
7126:
7020:
7015:
7014:
7010:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6844:
6786:
6785:
6784:(spotted skunks)
6781:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6625:
6596:
6583:
6540:Crabeater seal (
6515:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6471:
6470:
6469:(elephant seals)
6466:
6445:N. schauinslandi
6412:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6395:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6260:
6225:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6196:
6157:Brown fur seal (
6132:A. galapagoensis
6019:Z. californianus
5986:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5933:
5903:
5895:
5887:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5735:Melursus ursinus
5726:
5669:
5664:
5661:
5654:
5621:Ethiopian wolf (
5485:
5480:
5477:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5196:Blanford's fox (
5179:
5172:
5113:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5055:
5047:
5039:
4841:Ruddy mongoose (
4823:Javan mongoose (
4754:Marsh mongoose (
4747:
4726:C. platycephalus
4559:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4421:
4365:Malagasy civet (
4349:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4245:
4240:
4237:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4174:
4138:
3965:
3962:
3926:
3923:
3914:
3824:
3820:
3809:
3804:
3791:
3697:
3639:
3628:
3615:
3409:Otocolobus manul
3400:
3322:
3198:Geoffroy's cat (
3121:
3051:
3042:
3037:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2896:
2873:Banded linsang (
2865:
2862:
2854:
2843:
2822:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2717:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2631:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2513:
2507:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2446:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2396:. Archived from
2385:
2372:
2371:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2226:(11): e0187465.
2211:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2053:. Archived from
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1664:(4): 1495–1498.
1653:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1570:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1495:
1485:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1169:
1168:: Baltimore, MD.
1157:
1151:
1150:
1134:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1002:
996:
995:
973:
875:Thomas Orde-Lees
700:
490:seals. The name
403:
395:
368:
350:
330:H. leptonyx
314:
207:
206:
186:
181:
180:
157:
132:
116:
115:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
10235:
10234:
10230:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10225:
10224:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10133:
10125:
10120:
10111:
10110:
10105:
10092:
10084:
10079:
10071:
10066:
10058:
10053:
10045:
10040:
10032:
10027:
10019:
10016:Observation.org
10014:
10006:
10004:
9996:
9991:
9983:
9978:
9970:
9965:
9957:
9952:
9944:
9939:
9931:
9926:
9918:
9913:
9905:
9900:
9892:
9887:
9879:
9874:
9866:
9861:
9853:
9848:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9805:
9795:
9786:
9768:
9753:
9728:
9670:
9623:
9596:
9557:
9522:
9452:
9413:
9318:Kamtschatarctos
9276:
9241:Desmatophocidae
9228:
9211:
9192:
9168:
9136:
9038:
8998:
8968:
8868:
8855:
8744:
8714:
8587:
8567:
8558:
8538:
8527:
8518:
8478:
8476:Pinnipediformes
8469:
8449:
8447:Pinnipedimorpha
8436:
8392:
8312:
8299:
8255:
8248:
8218:
8197:
8173:M. richardsonii
8117:European mink (
8034:
8033:
8031:
8021:
8013:American mink (
7986:Amazon weasel (
7957:
7915:
7891:
7858:
7841:
7817:
7766:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7724:
7691:
7674:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7629:
7612:Lesser grison (
7601:
7600:
7598:
7588:
7549:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7454:
7430:
7406:
7380:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7299:
7248:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7189:
7165:
7146:
7133:
7112:
7084:
7051:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7001:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6942:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6892:
6859:
6829:
6796:S. angustifrons
6783:
6782:
6780:
6770:
6743:(stink badgers)
6742:
6741:
6739:
6729:
6721:Striped skunk (
6696:
6690:C. semistriatus
6650:
6649:
6647:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6616:
6610:Ailurus fulgens
6590:
6557:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6496:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6451:
6427:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6368:
6326:
6293:
6249:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6183:
6096:
6079:
6055:
6034:
6001:
5975:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5897:
5893:
5865:
5845:
5828:
5827:
5801:
5750:
5715:
5691:
5662:
5660:
5650:
5629:
5558:Golden jackal (
5542:
5516:
5478:
5476:
5464:
5395:
5389:Cerdocyon thous
5369:
5345:
5323:
5321:
5308:
5306:
5294:
5259:RĂĽppell's fox (
5173:
5171:
5161:
5146:N. procyonoides
5128:
5120:Bat-eared fox (
5102:
5067:
5063:
5049:
5045:
5013:
4998:H. pulverulenta
4953:
4911:
4867:
4834:U. semitorquata
4789:U. auropunctata
4771:
4732:
4681:
4648:
4631:
4598:
4581:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4519:
4486:
4469:
4436:
4430:Galidia elegans
4406:
4373:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4319:
4314:
4293:
4285:Spotted hyena (
4269:
4252:Striped hyena (
4238:
4236:
4228:
4199:
4197:
4181:
4156:
4116:
4054:Aquatic genet (
4045:Pardine genet (
3982:Angolan genet (
3963:
3961:
3951:
3936:P. richardsonii
3924:
3922:
3899:
3882:Malayan civet (
3848:
3840:African civet (
3816:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3781:
3739:
3686:
3671:Diplogale hosei
3635:
3622:
3597:
3557:
3475:
3415:
3395:
3385:
3361:
3344:
3317:
3311:
3285:Eurasian lynx (
3260:
3169:
3136:
3116:
3106:
3073:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3016:
2956:
2908:
2904:
2890:
2863:
2850:
2837:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2789:
2751:
2744:
2710:Wayback Machine
2682:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2641:, November 2006
2628:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2504:Wayback Machine
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2387:
2386:
2375:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2197:"Leopard Seals"
2195:
2194:
2190:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1929:Administrator.
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:10.1139/z90-059
1898:
1897:
1893:
1872:(10): 648–652.
1863:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1571:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1496:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1398:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1290:www.doc.govt.nz
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1073:"Leopard seals"
1071:
1070:
1063:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1004:
1003:
999:
992:
975:
974:
970:
966:
957:
870:
857:
821:chondrichthyans
797:Antarctic krill
715:emperor penguin
691:
689:
660:
658:Breeding habits
647:
634:
618:West Antarctica
575:
546:. The coat is
516:
504:
401:
393:
359:
352:
346:
333:
313:
201:
193:
182:
178:
171:
139:Antarctic Sound
123:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10233:
10231:
10223:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10142:
10141:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10118:
10102:
10100:
10098:Phoca leptonyx
10094:
10093:
10091:
10090:
10077:
10064:
10051:
10038:
10025:
10012:
10002:
9989:
9976:
9963:
9950:
9937:
9924:
9911:
9898:
9885:
9872:
9859:
9846:
9831:
9815:
9813:
9807:
9806:
9801:
9792:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9784:
9779:
9773:
9770:
9769:
9766:
9759:
9758:
9755:
9754:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9741:
9738:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9726:
9719:
9712:
9705:
9695:
9688:
9680:
9678:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9668:
9661:
9651:
9641:
9633:
9631:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9621:
9610:
9604:
9598:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9584:
9576:
9574:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9555:
9544:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9520:
9510:
9500:
9490:
9480:
9473:
9462:
9460:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9450:
9443:
9435:
9433:
9421:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9401:
9391:
9381:
9371:
9361:
9351:
9341:
9331:
9321:
9311:
9301:
9298:Archaeodobenus
9290:
9284:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9267:
9260:
9253:
9245:
9243:
9230:
9229:
9224:
9217:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9170:
9169:
9167:
9166:
9165:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9146:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9127:
9117:
9107:
9100:
9093:
9083:
9076:
9069:
9059:
9048:
9046:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9036:
9026:
9016:
9008:
9006:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8986:
8978:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8956:
8946:
8936:
8926:
8916:
8906:
8896:
8886:
8875:
8869:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8853:
8843:
8840:Properiptychus
8833:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8795:
8785:
8775:
8765:
8754:
8752:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8735:
8724:
8722:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8672:
8662:
8652:
8642:
8635:
8628:
8618:
8608:
8597:
8595:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8574:
8568:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8545:
8539:
8534:
8528:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8506:
8496:
8485:
8479:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8467:
8456:
8450:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8434:
8427:
8420:
8413:
8405:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8390:
8383:
8376:
8369:
8362:
8355:
8348:
8341:
8333:
8331:
8314:
8313:
8310:Pan-Pinnipedia
8308:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8224:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8191:M. strigidorsa
8186:
8177:
8168:
8159:
8150:
8144:Least weasel (
8141:
8132:
8123:
8114:
8105:
8096:
8090:Haida ermine (
8087:
8078:
8074:M. eversmannii
8069:
8060:
8051:
8041:
8039:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8010:
8001:
7992:
7982:
7980:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7955:
7946:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7903:
7901:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7880:
7870:
7868:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7829:
7827:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7815:
7806:
7802:L. longicaudis
7797:
7791:Marine otter (
7788:
7778:
7776:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7764:
7754:
7748:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7713:
7703:
7701:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7689:
7679:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7672:
7662:
7660:
7649:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7618:
7608:
7606:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7586:
7576:
7570:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7538:
7529:
7520:
7511:
7505:Beech marten (
7502:
7493:
7484:
7474:
7472:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7442:
7440:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7418:
7416:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7394:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7369:
7360:
7351:
7342:
7333:
7323:
7321:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7288:
7282:Asian badger (
7279:
7270:
7260:
7258:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7237:
7228:
7224:A. albogularis
7218:
7216:
7205:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7181:Honey badger (
7177:
7175:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7153:
7147:
7142:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7102:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7040:
7030:
7028:
7017:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6990:
6981:
6972:
6962:
6960:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6931:
6922:
6918:P. cancrivorus
6912:
6910:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6886:B. sumichrasti
6881:
6871:
6869:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6847:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6818:
6809:
6800:
6790:
6788:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6718:
6712:Hooded skunk (
6708:
6706:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6657:
6655:
6636:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6602:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6531:Weddell seal (
6528:
6522:Leopard seal (
6518:
6512:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6409:
6392:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6357:
6348:
6342:Caspian seal (
6338:
6336:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6315:
6309:Spotted seal (
6305:
6303:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6238:
6232:Bearded seal (
6228:
6222:
6205:
6201:or true seals)
6199:(earless seals
6189:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6067:
6065:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5950:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5890:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5781:
5772:
5762:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5739:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5685:A. melanoleuca
5679:
5677:
5666:
5651:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5618:
5609:
5603:Eastern wolf (
5600:
5591:
5585:African wolf (
5582:
5573:
5567:Domestic dog (
5564:
5554:
5552:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5531:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5505:
5495:
5493:
5482:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5453:
5447:Sechuran fox (
5444:
5440:L. gymnocercus
5435:
5426:
5420:Darwin's fox (
5417:
5407:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5384:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5357:
5355:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5333:
5327:
5312:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5189:V. bengalensis
5183:
5181:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5068:
5058:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4942:
4933:
4929:B. crassicauda
4923:
4921:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4900:
4891:
4882:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4856:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4760:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4556:
4547:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:G. grandidieri
4458:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4362:
4352:
4346:
4337:
4320:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4258:
4248:
4242:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4203:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4027:Letaba genet (
4024:
4015:
4009:Common genet (
4006:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3827:
3821:
3806:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:P. zeylonensis
3770:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:Paguma larvata
3728:
3719:
3710:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3504:Domestic cat (
3501:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3460:P. rubiginosus
3455:
3446:
3437:
3433:P. bengalensis
3427:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3407:Pallas's cat (
3403:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3300:
3294:Iberian lynx (
3291:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3039:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2972:Snow leopard (
2968:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2922:
2909:
2899:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2785:Laurasiatheria
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2684:Mammals portal
2673:
2657:
2656:External links
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2636:Deadly Beauty.
2632:
2626:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2577:
2545:
2533:
2526:
2508:
2489:
2464:
2457:
2428:
2410:
2373:
2330:
2309:
2288:(3): 839–867.
2265:
2206:
2188:
2151:
2118:
2067:
2038:
2031:
2013:
1982:
1963:(4): 303–307.
1946:
1931:"Leopard Seal"
1918:
1907:(2): 405–408.
1891:
1853:
1841:
1802:
1775:(1): 596–605.
1759:
1748:(3): 414–427.
1729:
1691:
1648:
1586:
1553:(4): 519–531.
1536:
1511:
1448:
1429:(6): 456–463.
1413:
1360:
1351:CCAMLR Science
1340:
1326:
1301:
1286:"Leopard seal"
1277:
1240:
1213:
1194:
1171:
1152:
1145:
1115:
1108:
1086:
1061:
1052:"Leopard seal"
1043:
997:
990:
967:
965:
962:
956:
953:
869:
866:
856:
853:
847:respectively.
688:
685:
659:
656:
646:
643:
633:
630:
574:
571:
548:counter-shaded
544:crabeater seal
515:
512:
503:
500:
476:crabeater seal
407:
406:
405:
404:
396:
394:(Lesson, 1828)
385:
384:
378:
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9886:
9882:
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9856:
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9836:
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9827:
9821:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9799:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9774:
9771:
9764:
9760:
9751:
9725:
9724:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9706:
9704:
9703:
9696:
9694:
9693:
9689:
9687:
9686:
9685:Arctocephalus
9682:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9652:
9650:
9649:
9642:
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9639:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9619:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9605:
9603:
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9575:
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9569:
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9511:
9509:
9508:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9491:
9489:
9488:
9481:
9479:
9478:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9459:
9455:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9432:
9431:Dusignathinae
9425:
9422:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9409:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9392:
9390:
9389:
9382:
9380:
9379:
9378:Proneotherium
9372:
9370:
9369:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9352:
9350:
9349:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9322:
9320:
9319:
9312:
9310:
9309:
9302:
9300:
9299:
9292:
9291:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9273:
9272:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9254:
9252:
9251:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9242:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9222:
9218:
9209:
9205:
9203:
9196:
9162:
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9147:
9133:
9132:
9128:
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9118:
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9115:
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9105:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9094:
9092:
9091:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9041:
9035:
9034:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9005:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8963:Sarmatonectes
8957:
8955:
8954:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8907:
8905:
8904:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8877:
8876:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8862:
8852:
8851:
8850:Virginiaphoca
8844:
8842:
8841:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8810:
8808:
8807:
8806:Leptonychotes
8803:
8801:
8800:
8796:
8794:
8793:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8776:
8774:
8773:
8772:Australophoca
8766:
8764:
8763:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8721:
8717:
8711:
8710:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8693:
8691:
8690:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8636:
8634:
8633:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8609:
8607:
8606:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8583:
8576:
8575:
8572:
8569:
8566:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8532:
8529:
8526:
8521:
8515:
8514:
8507:
8505:
8504:
8503:Pinnarctidion
8497:
8495:
8494:
8493:Pacificotaria
8487:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8472:
8466:
8465:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8443:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8419:
8418:
8417:Potamotherium
8414:
8412:
8411:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8402:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8375:
8374:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8354:
8353:
8349:
8347:
8346:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8311:
8306:
8302:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8286:
8284:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8272:
8268:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8258:
8253:
8245:
8240:
8238:
8233:
8231:
8226:
8225:
8222:
8194:
8192:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8178:
8176:
8174:
8169:
8167:
8165:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8128:M. lutreolina
8124:
8122:
8120:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8018:
8016:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7954:
7952:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7938:
7936:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7918:
7912:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7784:L. canadensis
7780:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7763:
7761:
7758:Giant otter (
7756:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7739:
7735:
7721:
7719:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7694:
7688:
7686:
7681:
7680:
7677:
7671:
7669:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7650:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7585:
7583:
7578:
7577:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7516:M. gwatkinsii
7512:
7510:
7508:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7427:
7425:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7403:
7401:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7356:M. orientalis
7352:
7350:
7348:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7296:
7294:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7206:
7196:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7168:
7162:
7160:
7159:Taxidea taxus
7155:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7127:
7123:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7081:
7079:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7069:N. meridensis
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7018:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6755:M. javanensis
6751:
6750:
6748:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6726:
6724:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6693:
6691:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6681:C. leuconotus
6677:
6675:
6673:
6672:C. humboldtii
6668:
6666:
6664:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6637:
6631:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6554:
6552:
6547:
6545:
6543:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6422:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6410:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6383:
6379:
6365:
6363:
6360:Baikal seal (
6358:
6356:
6354:
6351:Ringed seal (
6349:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6318:Harbor seal (
6316:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6276:Ribbon seal (
6274:
6272:
6270:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6241:Hooded seal (
6239:
6237:
6235:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6194:
6190:
6180:
6178:
6177:A. tropicalis
6173:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6103:Arctocephalus
6099:
6093:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6031:
6029:
6028:Z. wollebaeki
6024:
6022:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5954:
5951:
5945:
5940:
5936:(eared seals:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5888:
5884:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5777:U. thibetanus
5773:
5771:
5769:
5768:U. americanus
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5683:Giant panda (
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5569:C. familiaris
5565:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5527:Lycaon pictus
5523:
5522:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5223:Tibetan fox (
5221:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5155:N. viverrinus
5151:
5149:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5096:U. littoralis
5092:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5040:
5036:
5010:
5008:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4971:H. flavescens
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4861:U. vitticolla
4857:
4855:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4765:Xenogale naso
4761:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4539:
4538:sensu stricto
4534:
4530:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4367:Fossa fossana
4363:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4261:Brown hyena (
4259:
4257:
4255:
4254:Hyaena hyaena
4250:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4081:Hausa genet (
4079:
4077:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3984:G. angolensis
3980:
3978:
3976:
3975:G. abyssinica
3971:
3970:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3884:V. tangalunga
3880:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3818:sensu stricto
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Paradoxurinae
3689:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3660:Otter civet (
3658:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3554:
3552:
3551:F. silvestris
3547:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3469:P. viverrinus
3467:Fishing cat (
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3442:P. javanensis
3438:
3436:
3434:
3431:Leopard cat (
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3278:L. canadensis
3276:Canada lynx (
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3100:C. temminckii
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3065:Marbled cat (
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:sensu stricto
3032:
3027:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2884:P. pardicolor
2880:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2646:Leopard Seal.
2643:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2458:1-55821-783-5
2454:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2068:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2002:(1): 97–109.
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:Polar Biology
1950:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:Polar Biology
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1609:(1): e52542.
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:Polar Biology
1417:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1001:
998:
993:
987:
983:
979:
972:
969:
963:
961:
954:
952:
950:
948:
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
891:
889:
884:
880:
876:
867:
865:
863:
854:
852:
848:
846:
842:
841:chimaeriforms
838:
834:
833:spiny dogfish
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:diving petrel
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:South Georgia
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
724:. The seal's
723:
716:
711:
705:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
657:
655:
651:
644:
638:
631:
629:
627:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
584:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
520:
513:
511:
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
414:
400:
397:
392:
389:
388:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
357:
351:
349:
343:
340:
339:Binomial name
336:
332:
331:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
311:
307:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
196:
190:
185:
184:Least Concern
174:
170:
165:
160:
156:
151:
148:
144:
140:
135:
131:
126:
120:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
10097:
9810:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9690:
9683:
9663:
9658:Proterozetes
9656:
9648:Oriensarctos
9646:
9636:
9618:Thalassoleon
9616:
9591:Pithanotaria
9589:
9579:
9550:
9536:Panotariidae
9515:
9507:Protodobenus
9505:
9495:
9485:
9475:
9468:
9445:
9438:
9406:
9396:
9386:
9376:
9366:
9358:Pelagiarctos
9356:
9346:
9336:
9326:
9316:
9306:
9296:
9269:
9264:Desmatophoca
9262:
9255:
9248:
9199:
9129:
9122:
9112:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9080:Histriophoca
9078:
9071:
9064:
9054:
9031:
9021:
9011:
9004:Cystophorini
8991:
8981:
8961:
8951:
8941:
8931:
8921:
8911:
8901:
8891:
8881:
8848:
8838:
8828:
8818:
8811:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8790:
8780:
8770:
8760:
8737:
8730:
8707:
8697:
8687:
8677:
8669:Palmidophoca
8667:
8657:
8647:
8637:
8630:
8623:
8613:
8603:
8582:Magnotherium
8580:
8551:
8513:Pteronarctos
8511:
8501:
8491:
8462:
8429:
8422:
8415:
8408:
8401:Semantoridae
8385:
8378:
8373:Pachycynodon
8371:
8364:
8357:
8352:Amphicynodon
8350:
8345:Amphicticeps
8343:
8336:
8293:Infraorder:
8190:
8181:
8172:
8163:
8154:
8145:
8136:
8127:
8118:
8109:
8100:
8091:
8082:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8046:
8026:
8014:
8005:
7996:
7987:
7975:
7950:
7941:
7932:
7920:
7908:
7896:
7885:L. sumatrana
7884:
7875:
7863:
7851:
7834:
7822:
7810:
7801:
7792:
7783:
7771:
7759:
7717:
7708:
7696:
7684:
7668:V. peregusna
7667:
7655:
7622:
7613:
7593:
7581:
7568:Lyncodontini
7559:Ictonychinae
7543:M. zibellina
7542:
7533:
7524:
7515:
7506:
7498:M. flavigula
7497:
7488:
7480:M. americana
7479:
7459:
7447:
7435:
7423:
7411:
7400:Eira barbara
7399:
7373:
7365:M. personata
7364:
7355:
7346:
7337:
7328:
7308:
7292:
7283:
7275:M. canescens
7274:
7265:
7253:
7241:
7232:
7223:
7211:
7182:
7170:
7158:
7077:
7068:
7056:
7044:
7035:
7023:
6994:
6985:
6976:
6967:
6947:
6935:
6926:
6917:
6897:
6885:
6884:Cacomistle (
6876:
6864:
6853:Potos flavus
6852:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6775:
6763:
6754:
6734:
6722:
6713:
6701:
6689:
6680:
6671:
6662:
6642:
6609:
6550:
6541:
6532:
6523:
6521:
6489:
6480:
6460:
6444:
6432:
6420:
6405:(monk seals)
6361:
6352:
6343:
6331:
6319:
6310:
6298:
6286:
6277:
6268:
6242:
6233:
6176:
6168:A. townsendi
6167:
6158:
6150:A. philippii
6149:
6140:
6131:
6122:
6114:A. australis
6113:
6101:
6089:
6072:
6060:
6048:
6027:
6018:
6006:
5994:
5968:
5956:
5916:
5795:U. maritimus
5794:
5793:Polar bear (
5785:
5784:Brown bear (
5776:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5734:
5733:Sloth bear (
5708:
5696:
5684:
5672:
5622:
5613:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5577:
5568:
5559:
5547:
5536:Cuon alpinus
5535:
5526:
5510:L. mesomelas
5509:
5500:
5488:
5457:
5448:
5439:
5438:Pampas fox (
5430:
5421:
5412:
5400:
5388:
5379:
5363:S. venaticus
5362:
5350:
5338:
5337:Maned wolf (
5319:Cerdocyonina
5287:
5286:Fennec fox (
5278:
5269:
5261:V. rueppelli
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5232:Arctic fox (
5225:V. ferrilata
5224:
5215:
5214:Corsac fox (
5206:
5197:
5188:
5187:Bengal fox (
5166:
5154:
5145:
5133:
5121:
5095:
5094:Island fox (
5086:
5074:
5007:H. sanguinea
5006:
4997:
4988:
4980:H. ichneumon
4979:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4916:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4860:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4815:
4807:U. edwardsii
4806:
4798:U. brachyura
4797:
4788:
4776:
4764:
4755:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4699:C. alexandri
4698:
4686:
4674:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4624:
4616:M. gambianus
4615:
4603:
4591:
4575:S. suricatta
4574:
4562:
4537:
4512:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4462:
4453:
4441:
4429:
4399:
4390:
4378:
4366:
4357:
4334:carnivorans)
4315:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4253:
4221:
4209:
4179:Herpestoidea
4142:Herpestoidea
4109:
4101:G. victoriae
4100:
4091:
4090:Cape genet (
4082:
4074:G. servalina
4073:
4064:
4063:King genet (
4056:G. piscivora
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4020:G. johnstoni
4019:
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3956:
3945:P. leightoni
3944:
3935:
3917:
3892:
3883:
3875:V. megaspila
3874:
3866:V. civettina
3865:
3853:
3841:
3832:
3817:
3801:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3550:
3541:
3533:F. margarita
3532:
3523:
3514:
3513:Jungle cat (
3505:
3496:
3484:
3468:
3459:
3451:P. planiceps
3450:
3441:
3432:
3422:Prionailurus
3420:
3408:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3353:Jaguarundi (
3337:
3325:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3200:L. geoffroyi
3199:
3190:
3189:Pampas cat (
3178:
3162:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3099:
3090:
3078:
3067:P. marmorata
3066:
3054:
3034:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2940:
2928:
2883:
2874:
2857:
2830:
2783:Superorder:
2777:Infraclass:
2648:
2638:
2617:
2613:
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:the original
2557:
2548:
2536:
2517:
2511:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2442:
2431:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2393:
2346:(1): 61–74.
2343:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2312:
2285:
2281:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2164:
2154:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2091:(1): 75–81.
2088:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2050:
2041:
2022:
2016:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1869:
1865:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1745:
1741:
1707:
1703:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1606:
1602:
1575:cite journal
1550:
1546:
1539:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1514:
1500:cite journal
1465:
1461:
1451:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1402:cite journal
1380:(1): 40–50.
1377:
1373:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:
1304:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1207:
1197:
1188:
1161:
1155:
1130:
1118:
1099:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1055:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1020:
1014:
1008:
1000:
981:
971:
958:
955:Conservation
946:
942:Paul Nicklen
931:
923:
904:
900:Simon's Town
892:
871:
858:
849:
829:ghost sharks
825:elephantfish
807:such as the
792:
782:
772:, and young
732:, squid and
726:canine teeth
719:
681:
677:
673:
669:
652:
648:
622:
591:
573:Distribution
562:
560:
533:
525:
505:
495:
491:
480:Weddell seal
466:
465:
422:
417:
416:
413:leopard seal
412:
410:
398:
390:
373:
347:
345:
329:
328:
309:
308:
262:
35:Leopard seal
29:
18:Leopard Seal
10155:Lobodontins
10068:SeaLifeBase
9915:iNaturalist
9835:Wikispecies
9581:Callorhinus
9572:Callorhinae
9447:Gomphotaria
9440:Dusignathus
9408:Titanotaria
9398:Pseudotaria
9328:Nanodobenus
9073:Halichoerus
8974:Erignathini
8933:Monotherium
8923:Monachopsis
8883:Cryptophoca
8820:Ommatophoca
8750:Lobodontini
8709:Terranectes
8699:Pristiphoca
8639:Neomonachus
8615:Auroraphoca
8553:Devinophoca
8464:Enaliarctos
8182:M. sibirica
8164:M. putorius
8137:M. nigripes
8119:M. lutreola
8092:M. haidarum
7988:N. africana
7951:A. congicus
7942:A. cinereus
7933:A. capensis
7833:Sea otter (
7811:L. provocax
7718:I. striatus
7639:Ictonychini
7534:M. melampus
7446:Wolverine (
7424:P. pennanti
7347:M. moschata
7338:M. everetti
7284:M. leucurus
7242:A. hoevenii
7233:A. collaris
7183:M. capensis
7078:N. olivacea
6993:Olinguito (
6949:Bassaricyon
6936:P. pygmaeus
6866:Bassariscus
6839:Procyonidae
6814:S. putorius
6805:S. gracilis
6723:M. mephitis
6714:M. macroura
6608:Red panda (
6588:Musteloidea
6549:Ross seal (
6502:Lobodontini
6434:Neomonachus
6362:P. sibirica
6320:P. vitulina
6285:Grey seal (
6267:Harp seal (
6159:A. pusillus
6123:A. forsteri
5958:Callorhinus
5892:Pinnipedia
5851:Musteloidea
5623:C. simensis
5587:C. lupaster
5456:Hoary fox (
5449:L. sechurae
5422:L. fulvipes
5413:L. culpaeus
5309:(true dogs)
5268:Swift fox (
5243:V. macrotis
5135:Nyctereutes
5044:Caniformia
4989:H. ochracea
4947:B. nigripes
4938:B. jacksoni
4825:U. javanica
4742:Herpestinae
4717:C. obscurus
4708:C. ansorgei
4688:Crossarchus
4544:(mongooses)
4533:Herpestidae
4513:S. durrelli
4504:S. concolor
4454:G. fasciata
4391:E. goudotii
4312:Herpestidae
4222:P. cristata
4083:G. thierryi
4038:G. maculata
4002:G. cristata
3993:G. bourloni
3746:Paradoxurus
3704:Binturong (
3643:Hemigalinae
3620:Viverroidea
3583:Viverroidea
3542:F. nigripes
3394:Leopard cat
3379:P. concolor
3296:L. pardinus
3245:L. tigrinus
3236:L. pardalis
3227:L. jacobita
3218:L. guttulus
3191:L. colocola
2950:N. nebulosa
2920:Pantherinae
2800:Feliformia
1468:: 265–275.
1036:20 February
817:New Zealand
813:cape petrel
514:Description
488:Lobodontini
443:cephalopods
433:(after the
423:sea leopard
299:Lobodontini
285:Subfamily:
143:Brown Bluff
10144:Categories
10113:Q122847901
9723:Phocarctos
9702:Hydrarctos
9692:Arctophoca
9638:Eumetopias
9517:Valenictus
9458:Odobeninae
9419:Neodobenia
9388:Prototaria
9348:Osodobenus
9338:Neotherium
9308:Imagotaria
9282:Odobenidae
9257:Atopotarus
9250:Allodesmus
9226:Otarioidea
9163:see below↓
9154:Otarioidea
9097:Pagophilus
9056:Batavipusa
9033:Pachyphoca
9013:Cystophora
8993:Platyphoca
8983:Erignathus
8943:Phocanella
8913:Leptophoca
8893:Frisiphoca
8830:Piscophoca
8782:Hadrokirus
8732:Callophoca
8720:Miroungini
8689:Pontophoca
8649:Eomonachus
8625:Messiphoca
8565:Monachinae
8525:Pinnipedia
8410:Necromites
8366:Kolponomos
8289:Caniformia
8287:Suborder:
8250:Genera of
8155:M. nudipes
8146:M. nivalis
8110:M. kathiah
8065:M. erminea
8056:M. altaica
8006:N. frenata
7997:N. felipei
7967:Mustelinae
7709:I. libycus
7623:G. vittata
7489:M. caurina
7266:M. anakuma
7144:Mustelidae
7131:Mustelidae
7107:see below↓
7098:Mustelidae
6995:B. neblina
6906:(raccoons)
6877:B. astutus
6875:Ringtail (
6851:Kinkajou (
6823:S. pygmaea
6764:M. marchei
6622:Mephitidae
6490:M. leonina
6382:Monachinae
6353:P. hispida
6344:P. caspica
6141:A. gazella
6073:N. cinerea
5969:C. ursinus
5907:Odobenidae
5860:see below↓
5840:see below↓
5824:Pinnipedia
5742:Sun bear (
5709:T. ornatus
5698:Tremarctos
5674:Ailuropoda
5612:Red wolf (
5578:C. latrans
5501:L. adustus
5458:L. vetulus
5431:L. griseus
5361:Bush dog (
5252:V. pallida
5250:Pale fox (
5234:V. lagopus
5205:Cape fox (
5085:Gray fox (
4843:U. smithii
4675:H. parvula
4666:H. hirtula
4554:Mungotinae
4443:Galidictis
4416:Galidiinae
4344:Euplerinae
4327:Eupleridae
4316:sensu lato
4287:C. crocuta
4220:Aardwolf (
4151:see below↓
4092:G. tigrina
4065:G. poensis
4047:G. pardina
4029:G. letabae
4011:G. genetta
3909:Genettinae
3893:V. zibetha
3813:Viverrinae
3802:sensu lato
3797:Viverrinae
3766:P. jerdoni
3633:Viverridae
3592:see below↓
3531:Sand cat (
3338:A. jubatus
3163:C. caracal
3056:Pardofelis
2875:P. linsang
2816:Feliformia
2595:2018-04-18
2404:2007-12-10
2325:Cetus UCSD
2061:2015-08-08
1940:2018-06-04
1530:2020-07-25
1320:2020-02-24
1295:2020-02-24
1271:2018-04-18
1234:2018-03-19
1189:Marine Bio
915:Antarctica
911:snorkeling
888:Frank Wild
746:rockhopper
610:Wellington
594:pagophilic
376:range map
356:Blainville
289:Monachinae
269:Pinnipedia
9629:Zalophini
9602:Otariinae
9563:Otariidae
9497:Pliopedia
9487:Ontocetus
9114:Planopusa
9090:Nanophoca
8792:Homiphoca
8762:Acrophoca
8679:Pliophoca
8659:Noriphoca
8605:Afrophoca
8593:Monachini
8387:Wangictis
8359:Drassonax
8295:Arctoidea
8283:Carnivora
8263:Kingdom:
8252:pinnipeds
8101:M. itatsi
8035:(weasels)
7898:Lutrogale
7835:E. lutris
7793:L. felina
7602:(grisons)
7525:M. martes
7468:(martens)
7386:Guloninae
7172:Mellivora
7045:N. narica
6986:B. medius
6977:B. gabbii
6968:B. alleni
6956:(olingos)
6925:Raccoon (
6777:Spilogale
6663:C. chinga
6644:Conepatus
6600:Ailuridae
6399:Monachini
6311:P. largha
5981:Otariinae
5944:sea lions
5939:fur seals
5930:Otariidae
5815:Mustelida
5786:U. arctos
5648:Arctoidea
5605:C. lycaon
5560:C. aureus
5490:Lupulella
5402:Lycalopex
5279:V. vulpes
5277:Red fox (
5241:Kit fox (
5216:V. corsac
4960:Herpestes
4573:Meerkat (
4332:(Malagasy
4234:Hyaeninae
4195:Hyaenidae
4110:G. felina
3524:F. lybica
3336:Cheetah (
3254:L. wiedii
3243:Oncilla (
3209:L. guigna
3180:Leopardus
3161:Caracal (
3154:C. aurata
3089:Bay cat (
3010:P. pardus
3008:Leopard (
2983:P. tigris
2941:N. diardi
2859:Prionodon
2759:Kingdom:
2748:Carnivora
2570:April 23,
2482:1 October
2304:0824-0469
1816:Behaviour
1704:Behaviour
1208:Frontiers
1125:Thewissen
1079:14 August
845:stingrays
837:Australia
803:pups and
766:crabeater
626:cetaceans
614:Geraldton
472:Ross seal
447:pinnipeds
431:Antarctic
324:Species:
256:Carnivora
222:Kingdom:
216:Eukaryota
41:5–0
10107:Wikidata
9985:14001042
9933:10199006
9820:Wikidata
9709:Neophoca
9676:Otariini
9665:Zalophus
9477:Odobenus
9368:Pontolis
9271:Eodesmus
9124:Praepusa
9066:Gryphoca
9023:Miophoca
8953:Prophoca
8866:Phocinae
8799:Hydrurga
8739:Mirounga
8632:Monachus
8536:Phocidae
8431:Semantor
8380:Parictis
8338:Allocyon
8277:Mammalia
8271:Chordata
8269:Phylum:
8265:Animalia
8081:Ferret (
8015:N. vison
7876:L. lutra
7744:(otters)
7738:Lutrinae
7595:Galictis
7507:M. foina
7422:Fisher (
7310:Melogale
7293:M. meles
7213:Arctonyx
7058:Nasuella
7036:N. nasua
7013:(coatis)
6927:P. lotor
6703:Mephitis
6462:Mirounga
6212:Phocinae
6193:Phocidae
6062:Neophoca
6008:Zalophus
5915:Walrus (
5614:C. rufus
5596:C. lupus
5576:Coyote (
5411:Culpeo (
5352:Speothos
5288:V. zerda
5270:V. velox
5207:V. chama
4918:Bdeogale
4816:U. fusca
4655:Helogale
4625:M. mungo
4564:Suricata
4493:Salanoia
4400:E. major
4380:Eupleres
4211:Proteles
4200:(hyenas)
3964:(genets)
3515:F. chaus
3506:F. catus
3497:F. bieti
3377:Cougar (
3327:Acinonyx
3305:L. rufus
3303:Bobcat (
3252:Margay (
3234:Ocelot (
3207:Kodkod (
3128:Serval (
3091:C. badia
3080:Catopuma
2990:Jaguar (
2974:P. uncia
2963:Panthera
2930:Neofelis
2848:Feloidea
2779:Eutheria
2773:Mammalia
2767:Chordata
2765:Phylum:
2761:Animalia
2706:Archived
2500:Archived
2439:(1998).
2368:53648359
2260:29186134
2220:PLOS ONE
2183:87484971
2113:85575118
1977:32195795
1797:17614516
1686:25324053
1643:23326339
1603:PLOS ONE
1492:87706193
1443:22535400
949:magazine
934:pontoons
896:crampons
862:otariids
811:and the
778:fur seal
632:Behavior
602:Auckland
598:pack ice
556:whiskers
502:Taxonomy
496:leptonyx
492:hydrurga
478:and the
467:Hydrurga
455:penguins
445:, other
399:leptonyz
382:Synonyms
310:Hydrurga
279:Phocidae
275:Family:
246:Mammalia
236:Chordata
232:Phylum:
226:Animalia
212:Domain:
189:IUCN 3.1
121:– Recent
119:Pliocene
10127:4833172
9972:1005915
9907:2434790
9826:Q186663
9552:Eotaria
9470:Aivukus
9044:Phocini
8813:Lobodon
8424:Puijila
8281:Order:
8275:Class:
8083:M. furo
8028:Mustela
7977:Neogale
7824:Enhydra
7698:Ictonyx
7657:Vormela
7614:G. cuja
7541:Sable (
7448:G. gulo
7413:Pekania
7398:Tayra (
7195:Melinae
7007:Nasuina
6899:Procyon
6255:Phocini
5894:(seals)
5829:(seals)
5721:Ursinae
5663:(bears)
5658:Ursidae
5534:Dhole (
5324:(zorro)
5198:V. cana
5108:Vulpini
5076:Urocyon
5060:Canidae
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