166:, described in the Hittite text CTH 645. Much like Lelwani, it had Hattic origin. While it was connected to the renewal of life in spring, the invoked deities were linked to the underworld and in addition to Lelwani included the Hittite Šiwat (or Izzištanu in Hattic), a deity representing "Propitious Day," a euphemism for the last day of a person's life, the fate goddesses
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indicate that
Lelwani was also one of the deities assumed to accompany rulers during military campaigns; in a number of prayers she is considered capable of granting long life and good health; palace officials swore oaths in her name to guarantee they will perform their tasks correctly.
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rather than
Lelwani. Additionally, Allani and Lelwani coexisted as separate deities in god lists and in rituals, with Allani's name written logographically as EREŠ.KI.GAL and Lelwani's as
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Allatum, originally the
Akkadian form of the name of the Hurrian underworld goddess Allani, could denote Lelwani in Hittite texts. However, Hurrian Allani and Mesopotamian
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Lelwani's primary function was that of the ruler of the underworld. It is assumed that as such he was responsible for determining human lifespans alongside the
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influence on
Hittite state religion, Lelwani started to be regarded as a goddess instead. The change happened no later than during the reign of
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Lelwani was originally a male Hattic chthonic god incorporated into
Hittite religion, referred to as "lord" and "king" (
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prayed to
Lelwani to secure long, healthy lives for her family, as evidenced by the text KUB 21.27(+) III 31-38.
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The
Hattian and Hittite underworld deities, such as Lelwani, were not regarded as analogous to the Hurrian
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In a ritual performed in relation to the construction of a new royal palace
Lelwani was invoked alongside
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162:-house, to which the priest of this deity was attached. One example of such a celebration was
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138:. It has been proposed that an analogous association between Allani and the fate goddesses
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origin. While originally regarded as male and addressed as a "king," due to influence of
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A variety of secondary functions are attributed to her in
Hittite texts. Annals of
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beliefs on the
Hittites, Lelwani started to be viewed as female in later periods.
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Lelwani was worshiped during festivals associated with the so-called
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399:"The Anatolian Fate-Goddesses and their Different Traditions"
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is the reason behind their association in Hurrian sources.
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458:"Unterwelt, Unterweltsgottheiten C. In Anatolien"
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16:Hattian and Hittite deity of the underworld
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57:was a Hittite deity of the underworld of
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108:were associated with the Hittite and
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403:Diversity and Standardization
462:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
424:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
418:Schuler, Einar von (1983),
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26:
456:Wilhelm, Gernot (2014),
113:Sun goddess of the Earth
437:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
411:10.1524/9783050057576.1
397:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
28:Deity of the underworld
172:Sun goddess of Arinna
69:Gender and syncretism
495:Underworld goddesses
168:Ištuštaya and Papaya
140:Hutena and Hutellura
344:, pp. 124–125.
332:, pp. 596–597.
81:, logographically:
39:Hurrian equivalent
320:, pp. 16–17.
178:, among others.
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441:. Harrassowitz.
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485:Hittite deities
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405:. De Gruyter.
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136:fate goddesses
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466:, retrieved
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428:, retrieved
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391:Bibliography
381:Wilhelm 2014
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364:
359:, p. 2.
342:Taracha 2009
337:
330:Schuler 1983
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313:
308:, p. 4.
285:Schuler 1983
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258:Wilhelm 2014
245:, p. 3.
228:Taracha 2009
213:Schuler 1983
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464:(in German)
426:(in German)
34:Equivalents
479:Categories
468:2022-03-18
430:2022-03-18
369:Archi 2013
357:Archi 2013
318:Archi 2013
306:Archi 2013
270:Archi 2013
243:Archi 2013
200:References
187:blacksmith
106:Ereshkigal
420:"Lelwani"
147:Tudhaliya
130:Functions
194:Puduḫepa
183:Ḫašamili
99:Puduḫepa
55:Leluwani
164:purulli
154:Worship
117:Allatum
91:Hurrian
63:Hurrian
51:Lelwani
43:Allatum
22:Lelwani
445:
192:Queen
185:, the
110:Luwian
75:Hattic
59:Hattic
176:U.GUR
160:ḫešta
83:LUGAL
79:katte
443:ISBN
407:doi
119:.
53:or
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460:,
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349:^
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101:.
87:uš
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451:.
413:.
409::
85:-
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