47:
1178:, with Teshub temporarily imprisoned in the land of the dead. This interpretation has been critically evaluated by Ewa von Dassow, who points out that Haas did not depend on the text itself, as no reference to the weather god being imprisoned in it, and in his publications instead offered indirect evidence from unrelated compositions such as the aforementioned Mesopotamian myth or
1005:
1203:
proposes that Teshub's descent to the underworld was meant to ease his anger with the treatment of his human followers by the elders of Ebla, described in other fragments of the same text, though he also considers it possible that the myth reflected rituals in which a deceased person was supposed to
426:
festival mention the clothing of statues representing Allani and Išḫara, with the former receiving a blue garment and the latter an identical red one. Veneration of them as a pair was an example of a broader phenomenon frequently attested in
Hurrian sources, the worship of pairs of deities with
987:
manual explaining how to interpret the signs on the carcass of a sacrificial bird, identifies one possible location of an ominous red spot as a portent of
Allatum. It has been noted that the section in which she appears seems to focus on deities chiefly worshiped in western areas, such as
1204:
enter the underworld and meet their ancestors in the underworld. Mary R. Bachvarova assumes that the meeting with Allani is related to the fact that the humans Teshub is concerned with in other sections of the myth are meant to care for funerary rites.
686:. Alfonso Archi notes that ALLATUM, Lelwani, and EREŠ.KI.GAL, Allani, may occur in the same texts separately from each other, which indicates that the two were not directly regarded as the same after Lelwani was reinterpreted as a female deity.
293:
already stated in 1989 that no convincing
Akkadian etymology has been proposed for the name Allatum, and it is now agreed that it was a derivative of Allani. Alfonso Archi suggests this form of the name originally developed in
1174:, but much of the rest of the narrative is missing and both its conclusion and purpose are uncertain. Volkert Haas suggests that the underworld banquet should be understood as an episode comparable to the Mesopotamian myth of
586:, the invocation of Allatum by the protagonist, prince Kummâ, is presumed to be a case of the name being used as a synonym of Ereshkigal as well. In a later section of the narrative Ereshkigal appears under her primary name.
643:
prior to being reshaped by the development of an association with Allani under
Hurrian cultural influence. Despite the development of this connection, Allani herself did not acquire the characteristics of a solar deity. In
334:), the land of the dead. As an extension of this role she was also one of the deities who took part in the determining of fates of mortals. She could be referred to with the title "the bolt of the earth",
914:(Drehem) detailing the amount of sacrifices made to various deities mention Allatum alongside both foreign and Mesopotamian deities. The sacrifice of a piglet to her is documented in the text
648:, where the two goddesses were regarded as identical, they presided over ritual purification and were believed to keep evil and impurity sealed in her kingdom. It has been suggested that the
183:. It is presumed she was chiefly worshiped in western areas inhabited by the Hurrians, though the location of her main cult center is uncertain. She is attested in texts from sites such as
3059:
Anatolian interfaces: Hittites, Greeks, and their neighbours: proceedings of an
International Conference on Cross-cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
363:
Like two other of the most commonly worshiped
Hurrian goddesses, Išḫara and Shaushka, Allani was regarded as unmarried. A single text mentions a "daughter of Allatum", which according to
866:, she is mentioned in a list of deities who received offerings during it, after Išḫara and before Nikkal. In RS 24.291, a ritual taking place over the course of three days focused on
736:, based on available sources it can be assumed Allani was worshiped chiefly in the western Hurrian areas. Alfonso Archi describes her as one of the primary Hurrian goddesses next to
713:
in sequence in one of the
Ugaritic offering lists. However, Steve A. Wiggins stresses that it is important to maintain caution when attempting to define the roles of poorly attested
576:. It credits the latter with helping a child patient whose skull sutures were loosened by Allatum and had to be sealed again. The short narrative included in this text also mentions
976:, and the goddess is otherwise not attested in any sources from this city, which indicates her cult had a small scope and might have not been maintained in later periods.
1166:, the other two being Teshub and Išḫara. The former at one point descends to the underworld and partakes in a banquet held by Allani alongside his enemies, the "
1126:
and tied to the
Hurrian-influenced religious practice of the royal family, Allani (Allatum) is depicted in a procession of goddesses reflecting the order of the
3691:
870:, she is listed as the recipient of a sacrificial cow on the second day and two rams on the third. Offering lists in which she appears between Išḫara and
158:, and they could be invoked or receive offerings together. She also developed connection with other underworld deities from neighboring cultures, such as
541:, in which they appear in sequence. Another text belonging to this genre from the same period identifies Allatum both with Ereshkigal and with the term
572:(tablet V, line 213). According to Nathan Wasserman, the name Allatum also designates Ereshkigal in an incantation dedicated to the medicine goddess
1111:, Kurra, Zimazalla and a further deity whose name is not preserved. It is designated as a location where the king was supposed to make an offering (
682:. Piotr Taracha argues that Lelwani's name was effectively reassigned to Allatum, who he assumes was venerated as a separate figure from Allani in
3285:
Die
Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
582:
338:. This epithet reflected her association with the underworld, with the word "earth" functioning as a euphemism. Another title applied to her was
1261:
907:
1192:, around which much of the plot of the composition revolves, as it would inevitably lead to an influx of new inhabitants into Allani's realm.
3583:
3386:
3328:
3293:
3264:
3233:
3177:
3148:
3119:
3066:
2943:
2914:
2869:
2731:
2708:
2641:
2620:
2581:
1088:
3257:
Literary change in
Mesopotamia and beyond and Routes and travellers between East and West. Proceedings of the 2nd and 3rd Melammu Workshop
4080:
3405:
568:), "great city", similarly designating the land of the dead. A direct equation between Allatum and Ereshkigal is also attested in the
3351:
3202:
2970:
2840:
2770:
2676:
413:. In the ritual of Allaituraḫi, Allani is invoked alongside Išḫara to protect a household from demonic forces. Instructions for the
310:. It differs from the usual variant Allatum, but also represents a combination of the base Hurrian name with the Akkadian feminine
2695:
918:
16473, but unlike other livestock these animals were not distributed by the royal administration from Puzrish-Dagan. At least one
4283:
838:. Hurrian offering lists from this city reflect the customs from the thirteenth century BCE and show occasional incorporation of
471:
4268:
3684:
1051:. She came to be worshiped by the Hittites as one of the deities belonging to the state pantheon in the Middle Hittite period.
882:
Under the Akkadian form of her name, Allani was also worshiped in Mesopotamia. She was one of the foreign deities worshiped in
501:
275:
553:
rather than as a place name. This word is best attested as a name of the underworld in literary texts, and might represent an
3867:
456:
2891:
Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul. Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut
674:
pantheon, who started to be viewed as a goddess due to this equation, as already attested in sources dated to the reign of
4278:
4232:
342:, "young woman". She was accordingly imagined to have had a youthful appearance. As indicated by texts pertaining to the
705:, was viewed as the equivalent of Allani (Allatum), and like her she might have been a deity linked to the underworld.
636:
deity and notes that despite her connection to the underworld her character might have been comparable to that of the
769:. A similar enumeration of deities with Allani also placed after Išḫara is attested in the ritual of Ammiḫatna from
3677:
915:
2697:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
485:
Presumably due to her own role as a deity associated with fate, Allani was associated with Hutena and Hutellura.
4263:
930:. There is also evidence that she received offerings during rites held in honor of deceased kings in this city.
922:
dedicated to Allatum, most likely located in Ur, is attested. Two texts mention the staff of temples of Allatum,
474:
argues that Shuwala was the same deity as Allani, but they appear together as two distinct deities in texts from
4273:
4258:
3987:
1167:
599:
390:
169:
107:
2790:"Teratomancy at Tigunānum: Structure, Hermeneutics, and Weltanschauung of a Northern Mesopotamian Omen Corpus"
953:
which took place annually during the sixth month in the local calendar she also received offerings alongside
3729:
946:
279:
812:
355:
festival, she was believed to wear a blue garment, with the color presumably being associated with death.
3958:
2989:
1224:
Alla was worshiped in Esagi, a settlement whose location remains unknown, and he is also attested as the
1033:
968:
A single reference to a temple of Allatum has been identified in the corpus of texts from Old Babylonian
890:. She might have been introduced there from the areas in the proximity of the upper section of the river
462:
Another Hurrian goddess connected to the underworld who sometimes appears in the proximity of Allani was
306:, an ancient city in Syria, both forms were used. A further variant, Allantum, is attested in texts from
962:
801:
618:
517:
196:
154:
of the underworld. She was also associated with the determination of fate. She was closely linked with
4217:
4060:
2633:
Between Syria and the Highlands: studies in honor of Giorgio Buccellati & Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati
679:
580:, but it is not clear how the three deities involved were connected with each other. In the so-called
3772:
1108:
871:
660:
535:, the oldest evidence for a connection between them is the Old Babylonian forerunner to the god list
494:
436:
4055:
1265:
1193:
850:
into Hurrian ceremonies. In the text RS 24.261, which contains instructions for a ritual focused on
726:
603:
283:
3953:
2936:
Performing death: social analyses of funerary traditions in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean
1038:
622:
525:
432:
368:
1208:
and Erich Neu suggested that Allani presided over reconciliation between Teshub and his enemies.
1025:
4125:
3632:
3539:
3498:
3041:
2817:
2755:
Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday
2682:
2556:
2528:
891:
263:
512:
sources. However, it is not clear if the two goddesses were already considered analogous in the
330:. According to Hurrian texts, she resided in a palace at the gate of the "Dark Earth" (Hurrian:
602:". The connection between them is first documented in the middle of the second millennium BCE.
4237:
3700:
3624:
3589:
3579:
3531:
3490:
3457:
3401:
3382:
3357:
3347:
3324:
3299:
3289:
3270:
3260:
3239:
3229:
3208:
3198:
3173:
3154:
3144:
3125:
3115:
3072:
3062:
3033:
2976:
2966:
2949:
2939:
2910:
2865:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2809:
2776:
2766:
2737:
2727:
2704:
2672:
2647:
2637:
2616:
2587:
2577:
2548:
1107:. Texts describing it mention a temple dedicated to her, in which she was venerated alongside
1075:
and was meant to guarantee good fortune for the royal couple Allani appears alongside "Teshub
558:
554:
509:
259:
251:
236:
139:
4222:
4135:
4020:
3887:
3882:
3847:
3724:
3719:
3614:
3523:
3482:
3447:
3374:
3316:
3090:
Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi
3025:
2801:
2758:
2664:
2608:
2540:
1128:
1056:
863:
839:
746:
714:
649:
637:
415:
406:
344:
327:
271:
228:
1119:
1017:
776:
It is uncertain which city was considered Allani's main cult center, as documents from the
717:, such as Baal's daughters, entirely based on the character of their presumed equivalents.
52:
4227:
2630:
Archi, Alfonso (2019). "Šamagan and the Mules of Ebla. Syrian Gods in Sumerian Disguise".
958:
816:
633:
577:
151:
3014:"An "Egyptianising" Underworld Judging an Assyrian Prince? New Perspectives on VAT 10057"
2529:"Bird in the Sky – Babylonian Bird Omen Collections, Astral Observations and the manzāzu"
1028:
listed Allani (under the name Allatum) as one of the deities whose statues he brought to
2864:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1: The Near and Middle East (in German). Brill.
4115:
4005:
3603:"The Dispute on Manumission at Ebla: why does the Stormgod Descend to the Netherworld?"
1205:
1029:
573:
3777:
3013:
2750:
1277:
1084:
1009:
993:
899:
737:
710:
409:. The connection between these two goddesses is already present in documents from the
402:
155:
4252:
3827:
3734:
3502:
3252:
2821:
2686:
2560:
1198:
1184:
919:
911:
887:
777:
731:
608:
546:
513:
410:
288:
246:-like theonyms were common in Hurrian tradition, another well attested example being
3968:
3872:
3787:
3371:
An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur
3045:
1188:. She instead suggests that the meeting is focused on discussing the destruction of
1072:
762:
3486:
2805:
1303:
895:
781:
706:
627:
530:
373:
364:
46:
4085:
4040:
3822:
3812:
3651:
3416:
1269:
1061:
855:
741:
516:. Jeremiah Peterson notes that they occur apart from each other in a non-standard
428:
420:
349:
247:
3226:
Kulturlandschaft Syrien: Zentrum und Peripherie. Festschrift für Jan-Waalke Meyer
3167:
2904:
2859:
1133:
751:
659:, who belonged to the entourage of the Sun goddess of the Earth, were modeled on
427:
similar purposes as if they constituted an unirty, with other examples including
4130:
3922:
2724:
Gods, heroes, and monsters: a sourcebook of Greek, Roman, and Near Eastern myths
1273:
1231:
903:
299:
159:
654:
4171:
3973:
3932:
3907:
3877:
3857:
3807:
3320:
3274:
2850:
2668:
2651:
1068:
1004:
984:
843:
770:
645:
595:
537:
505:
497:
444:
323:
267:
162:
97:
3767:
3628:
3535:
3494:
3461:
3243:
3158:
3129:
3076:
3037:
2953:
2888:
Ancient Sippar: a Demographic Study of an Old-Babylonian City, 1894-1595 B.C.
2813:
2741:
2591:
2552:
1140:
758:
440:
379:
4120:
4095:
3593:
3361:
3303:
3212:
3029:
2780:
2612:
1248:
923:
820:
459:. In some cases Allani and Išḫara could receive a single offering jointly.
3927:
3862:
3817:
3140:
God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
2980:
2886:
937:, Allatum was venerated alongside a different group of deities than in Ur:
598:
Allani came to be identified with a local underworld deity, the so-called "
3619:
3527:
3378:
2544:
709:
suggested that this connection is reflected by the placement of Arsay and
4181:
4090:
4045:
3937:
3762:
3714:
3452:
2762:
2631:
954:
859:
797:
785:
683:
675:
671:
614:
307:
212:
184:
166:
3636:
3543:
3195:
Die Göttin Išḫara: ein Beitrag zur altorientalischen Religionsgeschichte
1293:
Nigagia, "mistress of the cloister", was a local goddess from this city.
4186:
4166:
4156:
3917:
3912:
3892:
3852:
3802:
3792:
3782:
3602:
3511:
1281:
1171:
1144:
1123:
1092:
1080:
1048:
1044:
1013:
927:
851:
667:
640:
550:
542:
479:
467:
463:
448:
383:
270:
in origin, was the feminine counterpart, and possibly wife, of a minor
243:
224:
173:
117:
17:
393:
is also attested. This group was believed to dwell in the underworld.
4201:
4196:
4151:
4050:
4015:
3963:
3902:
3897:
3797:
2720:"The Hurro-Hittite Song of Release (Destruction of the City of Ebla)"
2659:
Archi, Alfonso (2020). "Išḫara and Aštar at Ebla: Some Definitions".
1226:
1175:
1104:
1076:
973:
969:
950:
942:
934:
867:
835:
828:
824:
789:
766:
695:
521:
311:
208:
204:
192:
188:
177:
73:
3669:
3435:
3339:
3283:
3221:
3138:
3085:
2789:
894:. Offerings made to her are well documented in the archive of queen
761:, in which she is typically placed after Išḫara and before the pair
3558:
3512:"On Leeches, Dogs, and Gods in Old Babylonian Medical Incantations"
3470:
2719:
2600:
2569:
4191:
4176:
4010:
3995:
3054:
2931:
1003:
938:
698:
666:
Under her Mesopotamian name Allatum Allani came to be linked with
295:
180:
127:
3311:
Schneider, Bernhard (2022). "Nippur: City of Enlil and Ninurta".
1498:
1496:
4161:
2938:. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
1307:
1189:
1179:
1151:
989:
847:
793:
702:
367:
constitutes the only reference to this goddess having children.
303:
3673:
3172:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records (SANER). De Gruyter.
4000:
266:
proposed that Allatum, who he understood as the same deity as
2601:"The Anatolian Fate-Goddesses and their Different Traditions"
1162:
Allani is one of the three deities playing main roles in the
2430:
2428:
883:
827:. A single example is also known from the text corpus from
475:
200:
3224:. In Becker, Jörg; Hempelmann, Ralph; Rehm, Ellen (eds.).
2100:
2098:
1914:
1912:
1848:
1846:
1797:
1795:
1793:
3253:"Some Notes on the Evolution of the Hittite Royal Annals"
2445:
2443:
2163:
2161:
1977:
1975:
1863:
1861:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
3340:"Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court"
3313:
Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean
949:
and Ningagia. During the seventh day of the festival of
508:
EREŠ.KI.GAL could be used to represent Allani's name in
3373:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records. De Gruyter.
1426:
1424:
834:
Allani was also among the Hurrian deities worshiped in
3481:. The American Schools of Oriental Research: 127–162.
1583:
1581:
1329:
1327:
1154:
which reflect Hittite traditions also mention Allani.
2994:
Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies
2961:
Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980). "The Theology of Death".
2251:
2179:
1837:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1368:
1366:
961:. She continued to be worshiped in this city in the
796:
texts. She is also attested in the text corpus from
545:, in this context prefaced by the so-called "divine
4210:
4144:
4108:
4073:
4033:
3986:
3946:
3840:
3750:
3743:
3707:
2694:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
123:
113:
103:
93:
88:
80:
68:
60:
32:
1306:, who is otherwise not attested after the fall of
1143:, with the two following figures being Išḫara and
792:, possibly to be identified with Ḫašuanu from the
780:seemingly connect her with Zimudar located in the
3652:"Unterwelt, Unterweltsgottheiten C. In Anatolien"
613:suggests the Anatolian goddess might have been a
493:Allani's character was in part influenced by the
405:, who also was associated with the underworld in
84:a palace in the "Dark Earth" (Hurrian underworld)
3055:"Setting Up the Goddess of the Night Separately"
1502:
701:, one of the daughters of the local weather god
3607:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
3516:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
2533:Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
972:. It occurs in a lawsuit dated to the reign of
466:, though she was more commonly associated with
382:, but according to Lluis Feliu, it is possible
2570:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background"
165:(who eventually came to be equated with her),
3685:
3613:. Presses Universitaires de France: 187–191.
2572:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
8:
3578:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
3559:"Pidray, Tallay and Arsay in the Baal Cycle"
3344:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3
1170:" whose defeat is described in the cycle of
3522:. Presses Universitaires de France: 71–88.
3114:. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
3012:Loktionov, Alexandre Alexandrovich (2016).
2800:(1). University of Chicago Press: 125–150.
4030:
3983:
3943:
3837:
3747:
3692:
3678:
3670:
3222:"Ein Hurriter wird geboren... und benannt"
2509:
2473:
2434:
1813:
45:
3618:
3451:
2323:
2311:
2263:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
2275:
2239:
2215:
2191:
2167:
2104:
2077:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1801:
1784:
1772:
1487:
1451:
1302:A possible late form of the Eblaite god
831:, Arip-Allani, "Allani gave (a child)".
823:area located in the southeast of modern
819:invoking her were common chiefly in the
500:, who similarly was associated with the
322:Allani was regarded as the queen of the
3398:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
3103:The Sippar pantheon: a diachronic study
3018:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History
2574:Beyond Hatti: a tribute to Gary Beckman
2497:
2485:
2449:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2347:
2335:
2089:
2053:
2029:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1825:
1736:
1700:
1671:
1635:
1560:
1533:
1475:
1430:
1415:
1403:
1323:
1217:
788:sources she is instead associated with
590:Allani and Anatolian underworld deities
583:Underworld Vision of an Assyrian Prince
250:, "the great". In texts written in the
3563:Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
3471:"Piecing Together the Song of Release"
3288:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
2932:"Sumerian Funerary Rituals in Context"
2287:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
1852:
1748:
1572:
1514:
1333:
1260:Other examples include Belet Dalatim,
378:identifies the daughter in mention as
254:script, Allani's name was rendered as
215:sources mentioning her are known too.
29:
3228:(in German). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
3197:(in German). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
2726:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2359:
2299:
2041:
1683:
1647:
1611:
1372:
1357:
898:alongside these to goddesses such as
195:. She was also incorporated into the
7:
3024:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 39–55.
2861:Geschichte der hethitischen Religion
2527:Anor, Netanel; Cohen, Yoram (2021).
2461:
2383:
2371:
2227:
2203:
2065:
2017:
1966:
1760:
1724:
1712:
1659:
1623:
1599:
1587:
1463:
1391:
1345:
1067:festival, which was introduced from
51:A relief of Allani ("Allatum") from
3436:"Foreigners and Religion at Ugarit"
2990:"Hurrians and Their Gods in Canaan"
1247:could also designate a border or a
1176:Inanna's descent to the netherworld
1047:, and the mountain gods Adalur and
663:, who were associated with Allani.
401:Allani was often invoked alongside
2636:. Rome: Arbor Sapientiae editore.
397:Allani and other Hurrian goddesses
389:An association between Allani and
25:
3415:Trémouille, Marie-Claude (2013),
2832:The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria
2252:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
2180:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
1838:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
744:. She appears in offering lists (
670:, originally a male god from the
27:Hurrian goddess of the underworld
3315:. De Gruyter. pp. 745–762.
3169:Religion and Ideology in Assyria
3166:Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2015).
2965:. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
996:, and their respective circles.
910:. Administrative documents from
800:from the reign of Tunip-Teshub (
242:. It has been noted that simple
231:origin and consists of the word
1122:, a sanctuary located close to
908:Belet-Šuḫnir and Belet-Terraban
3487:10.5615/jcunestud.65.2013.0127
2806:10.5615/jcunestud.69.2017.0125
359:Association with other deities
1:
3440:Studia Orientalia Electronica
2906:Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography
2607:. De Gruyter. pp. 1–26.
2605:Diversity and Standardization
1103:- "of Zalman(a)/Zalmat") and
805:
3656:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
3475:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
3421:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
2794:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
2718:Bachvarova, Mary R. (2013).
1262:Belet-Šuḫnir, Belet-Terraban
1032:as war booty, alongside the
632:instead classifies her as a
3346:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
3137:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
2576:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
1243:It has been noted the term
386:was considered her mother.
4300:
3557:Wiggins, Steve A. (2003).
3510:Wasserman, Nathan (2008).
3251:Sazonov, Vladimir (2019).
3143:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
447:, and the astral deities
64:Allatu, Allatum, Allanitum
4211:Related systems of belief
3434:Válek, František (2021).
3321:10.1515/9783110798432-039
3282:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
3112:Ritual and cult at Ugarit
3053:Miller, Jared L. (2008).
2988:Lipiński, Edward (2016).
2669:10.1163/9789004418080_002
811:). She occurs in an omen
298:, and from there reached
262:form is Allatum. In 1980
104:Hittite/Luwian equivalent
44:
37:
4034:Deified natural features
3650:Wilhelm, Gernot (2014),
3601:Wilhelm, Gernot (2013).
3574:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
3469:von Dassow, Eva (2013).
3369:Sharlach, Tonia (2017).
3338:Sharlach, Tonia (2002).
3220:Richter, Thomas (2010).
2903:Horowitz, Wayne (1998).
2788:De Zorzi, Nicla (2017).
2663:. BRILL. pp. 1–34.
2599:Archi, Alfonso (2013a).
957:, a god who represented
600:Sun goddess of the Earth
549:" and thus treated as a
391:Hurrian primeval deities
170:Sun goddess of the Earth
108:Sun goddess of the Earth
4284:Time and fate goddesses
3730:List of Hurrian deities
3396:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
3193:Prechel, Doris (1996).
3110:Pardee, Dennis (2002).
3061:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
3030:10.1515/janeh-2016-0012
2885:Harris, Rivkah (1975).
2613:10.1524/9783050057576.1
2568:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
694:It is possible that in
199:, and was venerated in
138:, also known under the
94:Mesopotamian equivalent
39:Queen of the underworld
4269:Mesopotamian goddesses
3101:Myers, Jennie (2002).
2858:Haas, Volkert (2015).
2751:"The Pantheon of Emar"
2749:Beckman, Gary (2002).
1021:
878:Mesopotamian reception
617:aspect of the Hattian
4233:Mesopotamian religion
4074:Other mythical beings
3620:10.3917/assy.107.0187
3528:10.3917/assy.102.0071
3379:10.1515/9781501505263
3084:Murat, Leyla (2009).
2829:Feliu, Lluís (2003).
2545:10.3917/assy.115.0051
2324:Anor & Cohen 2021
2312:Anor & Cohen 2021
1503:Pongratz-Leisten 2015
1230:(attendant deity) of
1007:
963:Old Babylonian period
802:Old Babylonian period
489:Allani and Ereshkigal
435:, the fate goddesses
197:Mesopotamian pantheon
4279:Underworld goddesses
3868:Goddess of the Night
3773:Hutena and Hutellura
3453:10.23993/store.88230
2963:Death in Mesopotamia
2661:The Third Millennium
1099:- "of Pibid(a)" and
981:Bird Omen Compendium
661:Hutena and Hutellura
495:Mesopotamian goddess
457:Goddess of the Night
437:Hutena and Hutellura
274:associated with the
3954:Ninatta and Kulitta
3708:General information
3259:. Münster: Zaphon.
2930:Katz, Dina (2007).
2539:(1). CAIRN: 51–80.
2500:, pp. 188–189.
2374:, pp. 849–850.
2080:, pp. 126–127.
2020:, pp. 557–558.
1828:, pp. 124–125.
1775:, pp. 409–410.
1034:storm god of Aleppo
979:The Old Babylonian
433:Ninatta and Kulitta
252:Ugaritic alphabetic
124:Ugaritic equivalent
1022:
858:, written in both
264:Wilfred G. Lambert
114:Hattian equivalent
4246:
4245:
4238:Ugaritic religion
4145:Religious centers
4104:
4103:
4069:
4068:
4029:
4028:
3982:
3981:
3836:
3835:
3701:Hurrian mythology
3585:978-0-85668-442-5
3388:978-1-5015-0526-3
3330:978-3-11-079843-2
3295:978-3-447-04456-1
3266:978-3-96327-066-6
3235:978-3-86835-034-0
3179:978-1-61451-426-8
3150:978-3-86835-019-7
3121:978-90-04-12657-2
3068:978-1-84217-270-4
2945:978-1-885923-50-9
2916:978-0-931464-99-7
2871:978-90-04-29394-6
2835:. Boston: BRILL.
2757:. Warsaw: Agade.
2733:978-0-19-064481-9
2710:978-3-7278-1738-0
2643:978-88-31341-01-1
2622:978-3-05-005756-9
2583:978-1-937040-11-6
2008:, pp. 96–97.
1855:, pp. 16–17.
1406:, pp. 63–64.
1024:The Hittite king
1000:Hittite reception
133:
132:
69:Major cult center
16:(Redirected from
4291:
4264:Ugaritic deities
4223:Hittite religion
4218:Eblaite religion
4081:Earth and Heaven
4031:
3988:Primeval deities
3984:
3944:
3838:
3748:
3725:Hurrian religion
3720:Hurrian language
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3622:
3597:
3570:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3506:
3465:
3455:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3411:
3400:. Harrassowitz.
3392:
3365:
3334:
3307:
3278:
3247:
3216:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3162:
3133:
3106:
3097:
3086:"Goddess Išhara"
3080:
3049:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2984:
2957:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2854:
2825:
2784:
2745:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2655:
2626:
2595:
2564:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1537:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1311:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1258:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1222:
1202:
1137:
1109:Hutena-Hutellura
1065:
1042:
874:are known too.
872:Hutena-Hutellura
840:Ugaritic deities
817:Theophoric names
810:
807:
755:
735:
715:Ugaritic deities
690:Allani and Arsay
658:
638:Ugaritic goddess
631:
612:
534:
424:
407:Hurrian religion
377:
353:
328:Hurrian religion
292:
272:Mesopotamian god
235:, lady, and the
49:
30:
21:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4274:Hittite deities
4259:Hurrian deities
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4228:Luwian religion
4206:
4140:
4100:
4065:
4056:Namni and Ḫazzi
4025:
3978:
3947:Servant deities
3942:
3832:
3739:
3703:
3698:
3668:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3641:
3639:
3600:
3586:
3573:
3556:
3548:
3546:
3509:
3468:
3433:
3426:
3424:
3414:
3408:
3395:
3389:
3368:
3354:
3337:
3331:
3310:
3296:
3281:
3267:
3250:
3236:
3219:
3205:
3192:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3165:
3151:
3136:
3122:
3109:
3100:
3083:
3069:
3052:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2987:
2973:
2960:
2946:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2909:. Eisenbrauns.
2902:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2843:
2828:
2787:
2773:
2748:
2734:
2717:
2711:
2700:
2693:
2679:
2658:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2598:
2584:
2567:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2510:Bachvarova 2013
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2474:von Dassow 2013
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2441:
2435:von Dassow 2013
2433:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1814:Trémouille 2013
1812:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1540:
1532:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1379:
1371:
1364:
1360:, pp. 6–7.
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1259:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1196:
1164:Song of Release
1160:
1131:
1059:
1036:
1002:
880:
809: 1630 BCE
808:
749:
729:
723:
692:
652:
625:
606:
592:
528:
524:. According to
491:
472:Edward Lipiński
454:
418:
399:
371:
361:
347:
320:
286:
221:
176:, and possibly
152:Hurrian goddess
56:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4251:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:Šeri and Ḫurri
3956:
3950:
3948:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3647:
3598:
3584:
3571:
3554:
3507:
3466:
3431:
3412:
3407:978-3447058858
3406:
3393:
3387:
3366:
3352:
3335:
3329:
3308:
3294:
3279:
3265:
3248:
3234:
3217:
3203:
3190:
3178:
3163:
3149:
3134:
3120:
3107:
3098:
3081:
3067:
3050:
3009:
2985:
2971:
2958:
2944:
2927:
2915:
2900:
2882:
2870:
2855:
2841:
2826:
2785:
2771:
2746:
2732:
2715:
2709:
2691:
2677:
2656:
2642:
2627:
2621:
2596:
2582:
2565:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:, p. 304.
2502:
2490:
2488:, p. 191.
2478:
2476:, p. 156.
2466:
2464:, p. 260.
2454:
2452:, p. 188.
2439:
2437:, p. 128.
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2386:, p. 857.
2376:
2364:
2352:
2350:, p. 138.
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2302:, p. 142.
2292:
2290:, p. 152.
2280:
2278:, p. 100.
2268:
2266:, p. 748.
2264:Schneider 2022
2256:
2244:
2242:, p. 264.
2232:
2230:, p. 182.
2220:
2218:, p. 199.
2208:
2206:, p. 176.
2196:
2194:, p. 209.
2184:
2172:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2107:, p. 547.
2094:
2092:, p. 510.
2082:
2070:
2068:, p. 376.
2058:
2056:, p. 119.
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1996:, p. 345.
1986:
1984:, p. 109.
1971:
1969:, p. 133.
1959:
1955:Loktionov 2016
1947:
1943:Loktionov 2016
1935:
1931:Wasserman 2008
1923:
1919:Wasserman 2008
1908:
1906:, p. 351.
1896:
1894:, p. 288.
1884:
1882:, p. 289.
1872:
1857:
1842:
1840:, p. 127.
1830:
1818:
1816:, p. 374.
1806:
1804:, p. 409.
1789:
1787:, p. 140.
1777:
1765:
1763:, p. 400.
1753:
1741:
1739:, p. 128.
1729:
1727:, p. 849.
1717:
1715:, p. 399.
1705:
1703:, p. 188.
1688:
1686:, p. 170.
1676:
1674:, p. 125.
1664:
1662:, p. 113.
1652:
1650:, p. 302.
1640:
1638:, p. 121.
1628:
1626:, p. 563.
1616:
1604:
1602:, p. 300.
1592:
1590:, p. 130.
1577:
1565:
1563:, p. 124.
1538:
1536:, p. 346.
1519:
1507:
1492:
1490:, p. 127.
1480:
1468:
1466:, p. 131.
1456:
1435:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1394:, p. 405.
1377:
1362:
1350:
1348:, p. 309.
1338:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1295:
1286:
1253:
1236:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:Walter Burkert
1194:Gernot Wilhelm
1159:
1156:
1001:
998:
879:
876:
727:Gernot Wilhelm
722:
719:
691:
688:
604:Gernot Wilhelm
591:
588:
520:god list from
518:Old Babylonian
490:
487:
452:
431:'s attendants
398:
395:
360:
357:
319:
316:
284:Gernot Wilhelm
220:
217:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4296:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
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4239:
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4113:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4094:
4092:
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3997:
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3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3735:Hurrian songs
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
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3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3353:1-883053-68-4
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3204:3-927120-36-7
3200:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
2999:
2996:(in Polish).
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2972:87-500-1946-5
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2842:90-04-49631-9
2838:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2772:83-87111-12-0
2768:
2764:
2763:2027.42/77414
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2678:9789004418080
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:, p. 73.
2421:
2416:
2413:
2410:, p. 95.
2409:
2404:
2401:
2398:, p. 93.
2397:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2362:, p. 44.
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2338:, p. 68.
2337:
2332:
2329:
2326:, p. 59.
2325:
2320:
2317:
2314:, p. 57.
2313:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:Sharlach 2002
2272:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2254:, p. 73.
2253:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:Sharlach 2017
2236:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:Sharlach 2017
2212:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:Sharlach 2017
2188:
2185:
2182:, p. 71.
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:, p. 94.
2169:
2168:Sharlach 2002
2164:
2162:
2158:
2155:, p. 98.
2154:
2149:
2146:
2143:, p. 96.
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:, p. 95.
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:, p. 93.
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:Schwemer 2001
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:De Zorzi 2017
2074:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:, p. 10.
2043:
2038:
2035:
2032:, p. 84.
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1957:, p. 41.
1956:
1951:
1948:
1945:, p. 40.
1944:
1939:
1936:
1933:, p. 82.
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:, p. 83.
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:Horowitz 1998
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:Horowitz 1998
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:Horowitz 1998
1876:
1873:
1870:, p. 95.
1869:
1868:Peterson 2009
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:Schwemer 2001
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Lipiński 2016
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:Schwemer 2001
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1751:, p. 68.
1750:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:, p. 20.
1613:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:, p. 16.
1574:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:, p. 73.
1504:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:De Zorzi 2017
1484:
1481:
1478:, p. 40.
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:, p. 99.
1453:
1452:Sharlach 2002
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:, p. 55.
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:, p. 64.
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1375:, p. 53.
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1336:, p. 17.
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1185:Metamorphoses
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
999:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:Puzrish-Dagan
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Ur III period
885:
877:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:area, but in
783:
779:
778:Ur III period
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
757:) focused on
756:
753:
748:
743:
739:
733:
728:
725:According to
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
680:Ḫattušili III
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
656:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
629:
624:
623:Piotr Taracha
620:
616:
610:
605:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
557:rendering of
556:
552:
548:
547:determinative
544:
540:
539:
532:
527:
526:Doris Prechel
523:
519:
515:
514:Ur III period
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
488:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
451:and DINGIR.GE
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
422:
417:
412:
411:Ur III period
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
387:
385:
381:
375:
370:
369:Piotr Taracha
366:
358:
356:
354:
351:
346:
341:
337:
336:negri ešeniwe
333:
329:
325:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
3757:
3660:, retrieved
3655:
3640:. Retrieved
3610:
3606:
3576:The Hurrians
3575:
3566:
3562:
3547:. Retrieved
3519:
3515:
3478:
3474:
3446:(2): 47–66.
3443:
3439:
3425:, retrieved
3420:
3397:
3370:
3343:
3312:
3284:
3256:
3225:
3194:
3183:. Retrieved
3168:
3139:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3089:
3058:
3021:
3017:
3002:. Retrieved
2997:
2993:
2962:
2935:
2920:. Retrieved
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2860:
2831:
2797:
2793:
2754:
2723:
2696:
2660:
2632:
2604:
2573:
2536:
2532:
2520:Bibliography
2505:
2498:Wilhelm 2013
2493:
2486:Wilhelm 2013
2481:
2469:
2457:
2450:Wilhelm 2013
2420:Prechel 1996
2415:
2408:Taracha 2009
2403:
2396:Taracha 2009
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2348:Taracha 2009
2343:
2336:Sazonov 2019
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2090:Richter 2010
2085:
2073:
2061:
2054:Taracha 2009
2049:
2037:
2030:Wiggins 2003
2025:
2013:
2006:Wiggins 2003
2001:
1994:Wilhelm 2014
1989:
1982:Taracha 2009
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1833:
1826:Taracha 2009
1821:
1809:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1737:Taracha 2009
1732:
1720:
1708:
1701:Prechel 1996
1679:
1672:Taracha 2009
1667:
1655:
1643:
1636:Taracha 2009
1631:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1568:
1561:Taracha 2009
1534:Wilhelm 2014
1517:, p. 4.
1510:
1483:
1476:Beckman 2002
1471:
1459:
1431:Wilhelm 1989
1416:Lambert 1980
1411:
1404:Lambert 1980
1399:
1353:
1341:
1298:
1289:
1256:
1244:
1239:
1225:
1220:
1183:
1163:
1161:
1149:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1100:
1096:
1055:
1053:
1023:
980:
978:
967:
959:river ordeal
932:
896:Shulgi-simti
881:
833:
775:
745:
724:
707:Volkert Haas
693:
665:
593:
581:
569:
565:
561:
536:
492:
484:
461:
455:, so-called
443:and her son
414:
400:
388:
365:Volkert Haas
362:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
255:
239:
232:
222:
160:Mesopotamian
147:
143:
135:
134:
4126:Gurparanzaḫ
3658:(in German)
3423:(in French)
2288:Harris 1975
2153:Pardee 2002
2141:Pardee 2002
2129:Pardee 2002
2117:Pardee 2002
1853:Archi 2013a
1749:Miller 2008
1573:Archi 2013a
1515:Archi 2013a
1334:Archi 2013a
1232:Ningishzida
1197: [
1168:former gods
1150:Texts from
1132: [
1060: [
1054:During the
1037: [
1026:Ḫattušili I
904:Belet Nagar
750: [
730: [
653: [
626: [
621:in origin.
619:sun goddess
607: [
529: [
419: [
372: [
348: [
300:Mesopotamia
287: [
282:. However,
227:Allani has
150:), was the
89:Equivalents
61:Other names
4253:Categories
4061:Pišaišapḫi
3908:Pentikalli
3858:Ayu-Ikalti
3662:2022-02-26
3642:2022-02-26
3549:2023-02-20
3427:2022-02-16
3275:1257072825
3185:2023-05-20
3004:2022-02-16
2922:2023-05-20
2895:2023-05-20
2877:2022-02-26
2851:1288215998
2652:1137837171
2360:Archi 2019
2300:Myers 2002
2042:Archi 2013
1684:Murat 2009
1648:Feliu 2003
1612:Archi 2020
1373:Válek 2021
1358:Archi 2013
1318:References
1120:Yazılıkaya
1115:) to her.
1089:hypostases
1069:Kizzuwatna
1018:Yazılıkaya
985:divination
771:Kizzuwatna
646:Kizzuwatna
596:Kizzuwatna
564:(variant:
506:sumerogram
502:underworld
498:Ereshkigal
324:underworld
276:underworld
268:Ereshkigal
163:Ereshkigal
98:Ereshkigal
76:or Zimudar
53:Yazılıkaya
4121:Gilgamesh
4096:Ullikummi
3629:0373-6032
3536:0373-6032
3503:163759793
3495:2325-6737
3462:2323-5209
3244:587015618
3159:460044951
3130:558437302
3077:880878828
3038:2328-9554
2954:156832396
2822:164610004
2814:0022-0256
2742:967417697
2687:213456127
2592:882106763
2561:246562402
2553:0373-6032
2462:Haas 2015
2384:Haas 2015
2372:Haas 2015
2228:Katz 2007
2204:Katz 2007
2066:Haas 2015
2018:Haas 2015
1967:Haas 2015
1761:Haas 2015
1725:Haas 2015
1713:Haas 2015
1660:Haas 2015
1624:Haas 2015
1600:Haas 2015
1588:Haas 2015
1464:Haas 2015
1392:Haas 2015
1346:Haas 2015
1266:Ḫabūrītum
1249:riverbank
1158:Mythology
1071:by queen
947:Alla-gula
924:Annunitum
821:Tur Abdin
570:An = Anum
538:An = Anum
332:timri eže
318:Character
167:Anatolian
72:possibly
4182:Kummanni
4091:Upelluri
3715:Hurrians
3637:42771771
3594:21036268
3544:23281369
3417:"Šuwala"
3362:48399212
3304:48145544
3213:34994294
3046:58944932
2781:51004996
1101:zalmatḫi
1073:Puduḫepa
1020:reliefs.
1008:Allani,
955:Idlurugu
860:Ugaritic
813:apodosis
798:Tigunani
684:Anatolia
615:chthonic
559:Sumerian
555:Akkadian
308:Tigunani
260:Akkadian
185:Tigunani
178:Ugaritic
140:Akkadian
4187:Nineveh
4167:Hattusa
4157:Arrapha
4136:Šarrēna
4086:Ḫedammu
4041:Aranzaḫ
3969:Tašmišu
3918:Samnuha
3913:Pinikir
3893:Lelluri
3883:Karḫuḫi
3878:Iršappa
3853:Allanzu
3808:Šarruma
3803:Nupatik
3793:Nabarbi
3783:Kumarbi
3744:Deities
2981:7124686
1282:Shuwala
1172:Kumarbi
1145:Nabarbi
1124:Hattusa
1097:pibitḫi
1093:Nupatik
1081:Lelluri
1045:Lelluri
1016:on the
1014:Nabarbi
928:Shuwala
886:in the
864:Hurrian
852:Ashtart
786:Hittite
721:Worship
676:Hittite
672:Hattian
668:Lelwani
641:Shapash
551:theonym
543:Irkalla
510:Hittite
480:Hattusa
468:Nabarbi
464:Shuwala
449:Pinikir
445:Šarruma
384:Shalash
244:epithet
237:article
229:Hurrian
225:theonym
213:Hittite
174:Lelwani
148:Allatum
118:Lelwani
18:Allatum
4202:Urkesh
4197:Ugarit
4152:Aleppo
4109:Heroes
4051:Manuzi
4021:Eltara
4016:Ninlil
3964:Takitu
3928:Šuwala
3903:Nikkal
3898:Maliya
3888:Kubaba
3863:Aštabi
3848:Adamma
3823:Teššub
3818:Šimige
3813:Šauška
3798:Nergal
3778:Išḫara
3758:Allani
3635:
3627:
3592:
3582:
3542:
3534:
3501:
3493:
3460:
3404:
3385:
3360:
3350:
3327:
3302:
3292:
3273:
3263:
3242:
3232:
3211:
3201:
3176:
3157:
3147:
3128:
3118:
3105:(PhD).
3075:
3065:
3044:
3036:
2979:
2969:
2952:
2942:
2913:
2868:
2849:
2839:
2820:
2812:
2779:
2769:
2740:
2730:
2707:
2685:
2675:
2650:
2640:
2619:
2590:
2580:
2559:
2551:
1278:Išḫara
1270:Šauška
1227:sukkal
1129:kaluti
1105:Maliya
1087:, two
1085:Išḫara
1077:Manuzi
1057:ḫišuwa
1049:Amaruk
1010:Išḫara
994:Išḫara
974:Sabium
970:Sippar
951:Inanna
943:Ninlil
935:Nippur
920:temple
900:Išḫara
892:Khabur
868:Pidray
856:Šauška
836:Ugarit
829:Tuttul
825:Turkey
790:Ḫaššum
782:Diyala
767:Nikkal
747:kaluti
742:Šauška
738:Išḫara
711:Išḫara
696:Ugarit
650:Gulšeš
634:Luwian
566:erigal
562:urugal
522:Nippur
504:. The
429:Šauška
416:ḫišuwa
403:Išḫara
345:ḫišuwa
340:šiduri
312:suffix
258:. The
248:Šauška
209:Sippar
205:Nippur
193:Ugarit
189:Tuttul
156:Išḫara
144:Allatu
136:Allani
74:Ḫaššum
33:Allani
4192:Taite
4177:Kumme
4172:Kahat
4131:Kešši
4046:Kiaše
4011:Enlil
3996:Alalu
3938:Uršui
3923:Šalaš
3873:Ḫešui
3841:Minor
3828:Tilla
3788:Kušuḫ
3768:Ḫepat
3751:Major
3633:JSTOR
3540:JSTOR
3499:S2CID
3042:S2CID
2818:S2CID
2701:(PDF)
2683:S2CID
2557:S2CID
1274:Dagan
1245:negri
1212:Notes
1201:]
1141:Ḫepat
1136:]
1113:keldi
1064:]
1041:]
1030:Hatti
939:Enlil
842:like
759:Ḫepat
754:]
734:]
699:Arsay
678:king
657:]
630:]
611:]
533:]
441:Ḫepat
423:]
380:Ḫepat
376:]
352:]
302:. In
296:Syria
291:]
233:allai
181:Arsay
142:name
128:Arsay
81:Abode
4162:Ebla
4116:Appu
4006:Antu
3974:Tenu
3933:Ugur
3625:ISSN
3590:OCLC
3580:ISBN
3569:(2).
3532:ISSN
3491:ISSN
3458:ISSN
3402:ISBN
3383:ISBN
3358:OCLC
3348:ISBN
3325:ISBN
3300:OCLC
3290:ISBN
3271:OCLC
3261:ISBN
3240:OCLC
3230:ISBN
3209:OCLC
3199:ISBN
3174:ISBN
3155:OCLC
3145:ISBN
3126:OCLC
3116:ISBN
3073:OCLC
3063:ISBN
3034:ISSN
2977:OCLC
2967:ISBN
2950:OCLC
2940:ISBN
2911:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2847:OCLC
2837:ISBN
2810:ISSN
2777:OCLC
2767:ISBN
2738:OCLC
2728:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2673:ISBN
2648:OCLC
2638:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2588:OCLC
2578:ISBN
2549:ISSN
1308:Ebla
1304:Kura
1280:and
1190:Ebla
1180:Ovid
1152:Emar
1012:and
992:and
990:Adad
983:, a
941:and
926:and
862:and
854:and
848:Anat
846:and
794:Ebla
763:Umbu
740:and
703:Baal
574:Gula
478:and
304:Emar
280:Alla
223:The
219:Name
207:and
191:and
172:and
146:(or
4001:Anu
3615:doi
3611:107
3524:doi
3520:102
3483:doi
3448:doi
3375:doi
3317:doi
3026:doi
3000:(1)
2802:doi
2759:hdl
2665:doi
2609:doi
2541:doi
2537:115
1182:'s
1139:of
1118:In
1091:of
1083:,
1079:,"
933:In
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