285:, one of the signatories of the Manifesto Kebudayaan and a fierce critic of Lekra, is described by literary scholar Michael Bodden as having used a "highly dubious interpretation" of a Lekra member's poetry to prove that Lekra had pre-knowledge of the
188:, based on socialist realism, which called for art to promote social progress and reflect social realities, instead of exploring the human psyche and emotions. Lekra urged artists to mingle with the people (
517:
289:, an attempt to overthrow Sukarno's government. Bodden adds that critic Ikranegara dismissed Lekra's entire body of work in his history of Indonesian theatre, instead focusing on their "anti-humanism".
192:) to better understand the human condition. Some critics have stated that Lekra used the themes of social progress to promote a local food chain and advance the promotion of organic crops.
169:, meaning "introduction", as a manifest calling for young people, especially artists, writers and teacher, to assist in establishing a people's democratic republic. Its efforts in the
218:, or Cultural Manifesto, in 1963 as a response; after Lekra campaigned against the manifesto, Sukarno's government banned it in 1964, and ostracized its signatories.
296:
and Hank Meier, have attempted to analyze Lekra's styles and influences more objectively. This view is also becoming more common with younger
Indonesian critics.
206:
Beginning in 1962, Lekra became increasingly vocal against those it considered to be against the people's movement, including author and religious leader
502:
391:"Modern Drama, Politics, and the Postcolonial Aesthetics of Left-Nationalism in Sumatra: The Forgotten Theater of Indonesia's Lekra, 1955-1965"
497:
478:
451:
423:
402:
230:
221:
By 1963, Lekra claimed a total of 100,000 members spread throughout 200 branches. During this period, it came under closer scrutiny by the
116:
203:
among the attendees. Some attendees remember having delicious organic food provided by several culinary experts members of Lekra.
222:
512:
65:
507:
132:
93:
437:
277:, caused lasting animosity and bitterness between left and rightist writers, which has at times bordered on
471:
Social
Commitment in Literature and the Arts : the Indonesian "Institute of Peoples Culture" 1950-1965
413:
390:
162:
286:
270:
238:
226:
150:
273:. However, Lekra's openly vocal stance against non-left-leaning writers, described as being similar to
293:
418:. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
433:
265:
Lekra was generally more successful in attracting artists than writers, influencing, among others
215:
141:
474:
447:
419:
398:
136:
250:
135:. Founded in 1950, Lekra pushed for artists, writers and teachers to follow the doctrine of
491:
282:
274:
178:
170:
397:. Studies on Southeast Asia. Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program Publications.
241:
government banned Lekra together with the other communist-associated organizations.
278:
257:. Most works published were poems and short stories, with novels being much rarer.
214:. Those criticized by Lekra, including Amrullah and Jassin, went on to sign the
229:
coup, popularly believed to have been promoted by the
Communist Party, and the
254:
139:. Increasingly vocal against non-Lekra members, the group rallied against the
211:
196:
16:
Cultural and social movement associated with the
Indonesian Communist Party
161:
Lekra was founded in August 1950 as a response to the socio-nationalist
395:
Cultures at War: The Cold War and
Cultural Expression in Southeast Asia
266:
234:
200:
146:
165:, with A.S. Dharta as its first secretary general. It published the
207:
174:
131:) was a prolific cultural and social movement associated with the
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
292:
A minority of writers, including Keith
Foulcher of the
253:. However, Lekra-influenced poetry became increasingly
153:, Lekra was banned together with the communist party.
518:
Mass organizations of the
Communist Party of Indonesia
368:
366:
145:(Cultural Manifesto), eventually leading to President
99:
89:
79:
71:
61:
50:
32:
24:
105:100,000 members spread across 200 branches, 1963
446:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
249:Lekra-influenced prose writers were generally
8:
195:Lekra held its first national conference in
149:banning it with some hesitations. After the
19:
333:
18:
473:. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University.
309:
177:were made successful by the efforts of
372:
357:
345:
412:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
7:
444:A Lexicon of Indonesian Literature
415:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
129:Institute for the People's Culture
14:
503:Organizations established in 1950
199:in 1959, which counted President
223:Indonesian National Armed Forces
184:In 1956, Lekra released another
208:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah
1:
66:Non-governmental organization
54:
498:Communist Party of Indonesia
75:cultural, artistic, literary
439:Leksikon Susastra Indonesia
231:mass killings that followed
534:
133:Indonesian Communist Party
94:Indonesian Communist Party
121:Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat
113:Lembaga Kebudajaan Rakjat
20:Lembaga Kebudajaan Rakjat
469:Foulcher, Keith (1986).
389:Bodden, Michael (2010).
233:, Sukarno's replacement
393:. In Day, Tony (ed.).
334:Cribb & Kahin 2004
38:; 74 years ago
513:Indonesian literature
287:30 September Movement
271:Pramoedya Ananta Toer
227:30 September Movement
151:30 September Movement
434:Rampan, Korrie Layun
294:University of Sydney
123:, often abbreviated
36:August 17, 1950
336:, pp. 241–242.
225:. After the failed
163:Gelanggang Movement
21:
216:Manifes Kebudayaan
210:and documentarian
142:Manifes Kebudayaan
81:Official language
508:Socialist realism
480:978-0-86746-598-3
453:978-979-666-358-3
425:978-0-8108-4935-8
404:978-0-8108-4935-8
137:socialist realism
109:
108:
525:
484:
457:
429:
408:
376:
370:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
56:
46:
44:
39:
22:
533:
532:
528:
527:
526:
524:
523:
522:
488:
487:
481:
468:
465:
463:Further reading
460:
454:
432:
426:
411:
405:
388:
379:
371:
364:
356:
352:
344:
340:
332:
311:
302:
263:
247:
159:
102:
82:
42:
40:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
531:
529:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
490:
489:
486:
485:
479:
464:
461:
459:
458:
452:
430:
424:
409:
403:
385:
384:
383:
378:
377:
362:
360:, p. 189.
350:
338:
308:
307:
306:
301:
298:
262:
259:
246:
243:
190:turun ke bawah
171:North Sumatran
158:
155:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
52:
48:
47:
34:
30:
29:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
530:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
482:
476:
472:
467:
466:
462:
455:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
421:
417:
416:
410:
406:
400:
396:
392:
387:
386:
381:
380:
375:, p. 47.
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
351:
348:, p. 53.
347:
342:
339:
335:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
310:
304:
303:
299:
297:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:Taufiq Ismail
280:
276:
275:witch hunting
272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
180:
179:Bakri Siregar
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
104:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
53:
49:
35:
31:
27:
23:
470:
443:
438:
414:
394:
382:Bibliography
353:
341:
291:
279:vilification
264:
255:propagandist
248:
220:
205:
194:
189:
185:
183:
166:
160:
140:
128:
124:
120:
112:
110:
101:Volunteers
90:Affiliations
25:Abbreviation
373:Bodden 2010
358:Rampan 2000
346:Bodden 2010
173:capital of
492:Categories
300:References
127:; meaning
85:Indonesian
43:1950-08-17
305:Footnotes
251:realistic
239:New Order
212:HB Jassin
197:Surakarta
186:Mukadimah
167:Mukadimah
51:Dissolved
33:Formation
436:(2000).
237:and his
267:Affandi
235:Suharto
201:Sukarno
157:History
147:Sukarno
72:Purpose
41: (
477:
450:
422:
401:
261:Legacy
442:[
245:Style
175:Medan
125:Lekra
28:Lekra
475:ISBN
448:ISBN
420:ISBN
399:ISBN
269:and
111:The
62:Type
57:1965
117:EYD
494::
365:^
312:^
281:.
181:.
119::
55:c.
483:.
456:.
428:.
407:.
115:(
45:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.