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208:"Comrades! The insurrection of five kulak districts should be ruthlessly suppressed. The interests of the whole revolution require this because 'the last decisive battle' with the kulaks is now underway everywhere. An example must be made.
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138:. He summarised his view that either the βkulaks massacre vast numbers of workers, or the workers ruthlessly suppress the revolt of the predatory kulak minorityβ¦ There can be no middle courseβ. Concurrently, Old Bolshevik
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efforts would be sufficient, Bosch insisted on using the military and mass executions. By 8 August 1918, Soviet forces had crushed the revolt, but the situation in the
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on 18 August. Lenin sent several telegrams to Penza demanding harsher measures in fighting these kulak, kulak-supporting peasants and Left SR insurrectionists.
185:. Whether anyone was actually hanged according to this order remains unknown. Lenin's so-called "Hanging Order" was discussed during a controversy about the
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area to publicly hang at least one hundred kulaks, to publicize their names, to confiscate their grain, and to designate a number of
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153:, and soon spread to neighbouring regions. While Penza Soviet chairman Kurayev opposed the use of military force and argued that
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Lenin had justified the state response to kulak revolts due to the 258 uprisings that had occurred in 1918 and the threat of the
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131:(food requisitioning), to collect grain from peasants. The Central Committee sent Yevgenia Bosch to supervise grain collection.
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around the people see, tremble, know, shout: "the bloodsucking kulaks are being strangled and will be strangled".
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Hang (absolutely hang, in full view of the people) no fewer than one hundred known kulaks, fatcats, bloodsuckers.
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Lenin
Collected Works, Progress Publishers, 1971, Moscow, Volume 36, page 489. "Telegram to Yevgenia Bosch"
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117:, were cut off from the grain-producing regions of Ukraine, northern Caucasus, and Siberia by the
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had also informed Lenin of several brutal executions of
Bolsheviks by the peasants in Kostroma.
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was critical in providing food to the cities and the government used drastic measures, such as
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313:"ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅" [ΠΊ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ "Π. Π. ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. 1891-1922Π³Π³."]
121:. As a result, hundreds of thousands of people were on the brink of starvation. The
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One telegram (dated 11 August 1918) instructed the
Communists operating in the
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ordering the suppression and execution of captured participants in the
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Lenin's Terror: The
Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence
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During the summer of 1918, many of Russia's central cities, including
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Designate hostages - in accordance with yesterday's telegram.
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Ruling Russia: Authoritarianism from the
Revolution to Putin
86:(the chairwoman of Penza Governorate Party Committee) and
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Telegraph the receipt and implementation. Yours, Lenin.
63:. It was first called the "Hanging Order" by the U.S.
101:) and other Penza communists, dated 11 August 1918.
274:a paraphrase of the first line of the refrain from
145:A peasant revolt erupted in the Kuchkino Volost of
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The first and second pages of Lenin's hanging order
424:"An exchange of letters on the BBC documentary
204:This is a translation of the Russian original:
161:remained tense, and a revolt led by members of
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225:Do it in such a fashion, that for hundreds of
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392:. Princeton University Press. p. 45.
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256:Mass killings under communist regimes
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386:Zimmerman, William (22 March 2016).
51:is a telegram from Bolshevik leader
149:on 5 August 1918, in opposition to
97:(the chairman of Penza Governorate
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67:. The telegram was addressed to
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365:. Routledge. pp. 105β106.
345:Preface to Vasily Kurayev diary
299:Library of Congress Translation
1:
445:Documents of the Soviet Union
163:Socialist Revolutionary Party
359:Ryan, James (25 June 2012).
235:P.S. Find tougher people."
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218:Seize all grain from them.
310:Loginov, Vladlen (1999).
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450:Works by Vladimir Lenin
165:erupted in the town of
342:Poluboyarov, Mikhail.
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251:Preventive repression
246:White Terror (Russia)
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105:Historical background
49:Lenin's hanging order
426:Lenin's Secret Files
320:(in Russian). Rospen
215:Publish their names.
191:Lenin's Secret Files
173:11 August 1918 cable
140:Anatoly Lunacharsky
65:Library of Congress
277:The Internationale
193:(1997) based upon
455:Russian Civil War
399:978-0-691-16932-3
372:978-1-135-11459-6
123:Penza Governorate
61:Penza Governorate
16:Russian Civil War
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84:Yevgenia Bosch
69:Vasily Kurayev
59:revolt in the
53:Vladimir Lenin
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322:. Retrieved
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189:documentary
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136:White Terror
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201:archives.
159:governorate
91: [
82:chairman),
72: [
465:Red Terror
439:Categories
287:References
155:propaganda
119:civil war
115:Petrograd
324:21 April
240:See also
183:hostages
99:ispolkom
167:Chembar
78:(Penza
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199:Soviet
111:Moscow
80:Soviet
262:Notes
227:verst
179:Penza
95:]
76:]
57:kulak
394:ISBN
367:ISBN
326:2010
113:and
187:BBC
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334:^
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93:ru
74:ru
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328:.
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