282:. From the 1910s to the 1930s, he studied Zuni, Havasupai, Kiowa, Wichita, Wishram, Klamath, and numerous other groups. Spier’s personal interest in gathering firsthand knowledge of American Indian cultures shaped his place in the ethnographic world. His interest in Native American cultures led him all across the United States, but a majority of his research is based in the western areas of the country from California to the Great Basin, and everywhere in between. Spier studied extensively on the complex ceremonial sun dance performed by the
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278:. Spier’s previous anthropological experience made him well-suited for ethnographic studies; he completely immersed himself in the culture he was studying, acquiring the language, learning cultural customs, and bringing a new awareness to an otherwise unknown group of people. He conducted many ethnographic studies among Native American populations; for Spier, it was crucial to gain knowledge and evidence about these cultures before they became
105:. Despite earning a degree in engineering, he had developed a strong interest in anthropology and was accepted into graduate school at Columbia University; he graduated with a doctorate in anthropology in 1920. His years at Columbia would prove be extremely fulfilling, allowing him to study under the famous anthropologist
243:. In 1918, during his time working with the New Jersey Archaeological and Geological study, he published one of his most important works in archaeology—The Trenton Argillite Culture. From the collected data on the "argillite culture," Spier determined that this culture did not exist. He combined his knowledge of
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and analyzing cultural processes among Native
American groups. As a teacher, Spier was greatly admired by his students because he was extremely successful in passing along his methodological techniques for gathering exact data. Spier is remembered best for his explanatory studies and widespread
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Spier began his career in the field of anthropology before he had acquired a college degree. In 1913, he was assigned to be an assistant anthropologist with the New Jersey
Archaeological and Geological Survey. While studying at Columbia as a graduate student (1916–1920), he was employed as an
298:, etc., and created a detailed account of how the cultural system worked and prospered. Spier’s ethnographic studies went far beyond descriptions; he frequently compared the cultural systems over a surrounding area in order to gain a deeper understanding of the people he was studying.
122:. After graduating with his Ph.D. in 1920, Spier began his teaching career, which he continued until his retirement in 1955. He taught at many institutions throughout his career, staying the longest at the University of Washington (1920–1929),
90:. The couple had two children, Robert and Christopher. In 1927, Spier and Gunther separated, divorcing a few years later in 1931. In the same year following his divorce, Spier remarried; his new wife Anna H. Gayton was also anthropologist.
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Fellowship. Spier was presented with the
Townsend Harris Medal in 1946 and the Viking Fund Medal and Award in 1960. Throughout his career, Spier was affiliated with many professional and honorary societies. He was president of the
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Spier’s main anthropological interest was ethnographic studies, especially of
American Indians. His favorite ethnological courses to teach were those concentrated on the Southwest, the
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Even though Spier’s main research focus was in ethnology, he started his career in anthropology through archaeological studies. Spier, along with other archaeologists such as
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that are used to this day. Through use of these procedures, Spier was able to determine that the Zuni culture was a continuation of the earliest cultures of the same area.
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Regna
Darnell, Frederic Wright Gleach, "Leslie Spier 1943." Celebrating a Century of the American Anthropological Association: Presidential Portraits, 2002: 101–104.
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41:, taking the time to conduct in-depth studies of group contact. His studies focused on changes throughout various cultures over time; he saw great importance in
157:, was responsible for creating the anthropology department at the University of Washington. In 1945, while at the University of New Mexico, Spier founded the
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86:. After graduating and receiving their degrees, Spier earned his Ph.D. while Gunther received her Masters, the newly married couple moved to the
109:. Boas was a strong influence on Spier; the techniques and methods he learned guided Spier’s anthropological work throughout his entire career.
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from 1960 to 1961. The greater part of Spier’s research involved detailed investigations into the life and cultures of Native
American groups—
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Another well known archaeological publication by Spier concerns the Zuni; in his research with Zuni groups, Spier demonstrated his use of
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and made his reports as detailed as possible. Spier’s early years were spent studying the many diverse areas of anthropology ranging from
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to chronologically order site deposits. In conjunction with Kidder’s seriation, Kroeber’s ranking and concurrent variation, and Nelson’s
142:(1939 and 1949). In addition, Spier was a visiting professor for summer courses at Columbia University (1921, 1923, 1925, and 1932), the
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Leslie Spier, "Zuni
Chronology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1917: 280–283.
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with the archaeological deposits, concluding that the artifacts were present due to natural geological changes in the area.
78:, on December 13, 1893. He was one of four children born to Simon P. Spier and Bertha Adler Spier. In 1920, Spier married
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Robert F. Spencer, "Leslie Spier
December 13, 1893-December 3, 1961." National Academy of Sciences, 1987, Washington D.C.
219:. His research led to many important discoveries for the application of anthropology, first in archaeology and later in
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Harry W. Basehart and W. W. Hill, "Obituary: Leslie Spier, 1893–1961," American
Anthropologist, 67(5): 1258–1277.
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of cultural groups. Spier continued his research using his personal methodology right to his death in 1961.
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In 1919, Columbia
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Leslie Spier, "New Data on the Trenton Argillite Culture." American Anthropologist, 18(2): 181–189.
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University of New Mexico Department of Anthropology, "Our History." University of New Mexico, 2008.
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University of Washington Department of Anthropology, "Welcome." University of Washington, 2004.
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Clive Gamble, "Seriation Dating." Archaeology: The Basics 2nd Edition, 2008: 64.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20100731024658/http://www.unm.edu/~jar/CrisisEd.html
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Walter W. Taylor, "Leslie Spier, 1893–1961." American Antiquity, 1963: 379–381.
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During his childhood and teenage years, he received his education through the
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130:(1939–1955). He taught at several other universities as well including the
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The Sun Dance of the Plains Indians: Its Development and Diffusion
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American Historical Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Leslie Spier
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485:"Viking Awards 1960." American Anthropologist, 63(4): 835–837.
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Cultural Relations of the Gila River and Lower Colorado Tribes
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Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
401:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1928.
380:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1921.
373:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1921.
366:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1919.
359:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1918.
352:. New York City: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1917.
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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Spier, Leslie, Riley, Carroll L., Taylor, Walter W. eds.
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Growth of Japanese Children Born in America and in Japan
443:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967.
22:(December 13, 1893 – December 3, 1961) was an American
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The Distribution of Kinship Systems in North America''
30:. He spent a great deal of his professional life as a
146:(1924, 1925, 1927, 1932, 1933, and 1948), and at the
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editor from 1934 to 1938, and vice-president of the
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The Ghost Dance of 1870 Among the Klamath of Oregon
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
258:, Spier was helping develop fundamental methods in
323:in 1943 and 1946. He first became a member of the
327:in 1946; in the same year, he became part of the
422:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1931.
415:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1930.
408:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1929.
387:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1925.
179:including in his home state of New York, and in
171:Early in his career, Spier was involved in many
394:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1927
331:. In 1960, he became an Honorary Fellow of the
82:; Gunther was a fellow anthropology student at
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429:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1933.
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26:best known for his ethnographic studies of
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350:An Outline for a Chronology of Zuni Ruins
608:http://www.unm.edu/~anthro/history.html
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97:. As an undergraduate, he attended the
34:; he retired in 1955 and died in 1961.
37:Spier created a path for the study of
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364:Ruins in the White Mountains, Arizona
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411:Spier, Leslie and Sapir, Edward.
118:assistant anthropologist at the
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638:Spier (Leslie) Papers 1924–1961
420:Plains Indian Parfleche Designs
99:College of the City of New York
642:Leslie Spier papers, 1920–1939
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329:American Philosophical Society
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357:The Trenton Argillite Culture
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371:Notes on the Kiowa Sun Dance
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70:Leslie Spier was born in
193:University of California
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132:University of Oklahoma
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1267:Nancy Oestreich Lurie
1243:William C. Sturtevant
1160:Anthony F. C. Wallace
821:George Grant MacCurdy
590:Works by Leslie Spier
399:Havasupai Ethnography
260:archaeological theory
138:(1928 and 1930), and
136:University of Chicago
126:(1933–1939), and the
51:physical anthropology
1168:Joseph B. Casagrande
738:Roland Burrage Dixon
722:William Henry Holmes
706:Frederic Ward Putnam
646:The Bancroft Library
245:statistical analysis
1235:Conrad M. Arensberg
1120:Frederica de Laguna
1088:Morris Edward Opler
893:Elsie Clews Parsons
730:Jesse Walter Fewkes
413:Wishram Ethnography
84:Columbia University
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1203:Walter Goldschmidt
1000:Wendell C. Bennett
992:William W. Howells
698:William John McGee
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274:, the Plains, and
241:American Southwest
153:Spier, along with
140:Harvard University
113:Employment history
43:empirical research
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1219:Francis L. K. Hsu
1080:Sherwood Washburn
1040:E. Adamson Hoebel
594:Project Gutenberg
302:Awards and honors
173:research projects
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237:Clark Wissler
234:
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217:North America
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72:New York City
65:
63:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1430:Ramona Perez
1350:Don Brenneis
1342:2001–Present
1323:Jane H. Hill
1136:Cora Du Bois
1128:Irving Rouse
1096:Leslie White
1048:Harry Hoijer
933:Ralph Linton
909:Leslie Spier
908:
869:Edward Sapir
845:Robert Lowie
778:Walter Hough
573:
564:
555:
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519:
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256:stratigraphy
249:
230:
170:
158:
152:
116:
92:
80:Erna Gunther
69:
36:
20:Leslie Spier
19:
18:
1463:1961 deaths
1458:1893 births
1424:(2019–2021)
1422:Akhil Gupta
1416:(2017–2019)
1414:Alex Barker
1408:(2015–2017)
1400:(2013–2015)
1392:(2011–2013)
1384:(2009–2011)
1376:(2007–2009)
1368:(2005–2007)
1360:(2003–2005)
1352:(2001–2003)
1333:(1999–2001)
1325:(1997–1999)
1317:(1995–1997)
1309:(1993–1995)
1301:(1991–1993)
1293:(1989–1991)
1285:(1988–1989)
1277:(1986–1987)
1269:(1984–1985)
839:(1933–1934)
815:(1929–1930)
807:(1927–1928)
799:(1925–1926)
780:(1923–1924)
772:(1921–1922)
764:(1919–1920)
756:(1917–1918)
748:(1915–1916)
746:F. W. Hodge
740:(1913–1914)
732:(1911–1912)
724:(1909–1910)
716:(1907–1908)
708:(1905–1906)
700:(1902–1904)
272:Great Basin
233:Nels Nelson
227:Archaeology
103:engineering
47:archaeology
1447:Categories
1259:Dell Hymes
1032:Emil Haury
1008:Fred Eggan
714:Franz Boas
448:References
276:California
181:New Jersey
107:Franz Boas
66:Background
1374:Setha Low
1275:June Helm
1195:1976–2001
984:1951–1975
925:Neil Judd
789:1925–1950
690:1902–1924
315:in 1943,
266:Ethnology
252:seriation
221:ethnology
205:Havasupai
60:fieldwork
1432:(2021– )
337:Sigma Xi
292:clothing
185:Delaware
167:Research
150:(1947).
76:New York
1056:Sol Tax
601:at the
296:economy
288:housing
280:extinct
209:Wishram
201:Klamath
175:in the
32:teacher
1261:(1983)
1253:(1982)
1245:(1981)
1237:(1980)
1229:(1979)
1221:(1978)
1213:(1977)
1205:(1976)
1186:(1975)
1178:(1974)
1170:(1973)
1162:(1972)
1154:(1971)
1146:(1970)
1138:(1969)
1130:(1968)
1122:(1967)
1114:(1966)
1106:(1965)
1098:(1964)
1090:(1963)
1082:(1962)
1074:(1961)
1066:(1960)
1058:(1959)
1050:(1958)
1042:(1957)
1034:(1956)
1026:(1955)
1018:(1954)
1010:(1953)
1002:(1952)
994:(1951)
975:(1950)
967:(1949)
959:(1948)
951:(1947)
943:(1947)
935:(1946)
927:(1945)
919:(1944)
911:(1943)
903:(1942)
895:(1941)
887:(1940)
879:(1939)
871:(1938)
863:(1937)
855:(1936)
847:(1935)
831:(1932)
823:(1931)
213:Kiowa
640:and
197:Zuni
183:and
644:at
592:at
49:to
1449::
499:^
455:^
339:.
294:,
290:,
235:,
223:.
211:,
207:,
203:,
199:,
74:,
674:e
667:t
660:v
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