324:, "the world's richest academic prize for medicine and biology. The prize, which carries a $ 3 million cash award, recognizes excellence in research aimed at curing intractable diseases and human life." The fundamental and far-reaching nature of the discovery of PI-3-kinase, together with Cantley's role in mapping the upstream regulation of PI-3-kinase and the downstream signaling pathways, have led to speculation that Cantley is a likely candidate for the Nobel prize in Medicine or Physiology. The growing evidence for a primary role for PI-3-kinase in cancer and its critical role in insulin signaling have served to strengthen the significance of this fundamentally important discovery.
386:"dream team" that was brought together to investigate ways to target PI-3-kinase as a way to treat women's cancers, and he now leads a national effort targeting triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer with novel drug combinations. Recent research found that high levels of Vitamin C halted the growth of aggressive forms of colorectal tumors. His lab also elucidated the role of Nrf2 in serine production in non-small cell lung cancer, with potential implications for pancreatic and other cancers as well.
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This approach was then extended to characterize the specificity of Ser/Thr kinases and phospho-Ser/Thr binding domains. This approach was used to characterize the substrate specificity of a large number of protein kinases. The kinase specificity matrices generated from these experiments served as the basis for creating the website
Scansite, allowing the de novo identification of candidate phosphorylation sites in an arbitrary protein.
230:. In 1985 Cantley and colleagues Malcolm Whitman, David Kaplan, Tom Roberts, and Brian Schaffhausen made the seminal discovery of the existence of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). In 1992, Cantley moved to Harvard Medical School as a Professor of Cell Biology and the Director of the Division of Signal Transduction at the former Beth Israel Hospital (now
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that had previously been identified in physiologically stimulated human neutrophils. In subsequent years
Cantley and colleagues identified critical aspects of the regulation of PI-3-kinase by growth factor receptors. Specifically, they discovered that the catalytic subunit p110 dimerizes with the
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In 1994, the
Cantley lab published a novel strategy to determine the sequence specificity of phosphopeptide binding domains (initially SH2 domains). Subsequently, the oriented peptide library approach was extended to identify the substrate specificity of protein kinases toward synthetic peptides.
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to study enzyme conformational changes. In 1975 he moved to
Harvard University for a postdoctoral fellowship under Guido Guidotti, where he discovered that an impurity in commercial preparations of ATP, vanadate, acts as a transition state analog for phosphate hydrolysis. In 1978 Cantley became
234:). In 2003, Cantley became a founding member of the newly formed Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School. In 2007, Cantley also became the Director of Cancer Research at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He joined the faculty of Weill Cornell Medicine and
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In recent years
Cantley and colleagues have made additional links between metabolic regulation and oncogenic transformation with their discovery that the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase is associated with cancer. This discovery provides a molecular basis for understanding the
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In later research, the oriented peptide library approach has also been used to characterize protease cleavage specificity. Modification of the original oriented peptide approach has allowed for large scale, kinome-wide determination of protein kinase specificity.
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The first drug targeting the PI-3-kinase pathway as a treatment for cancer - Idelalisib (PI3K Delta inhibitor) - was approved by the FDA as a treatment for leukemia and two types of lymphoma in July 2014. Other drugs are currently in clinical development.
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The role of PI-3-kinase in anabolic signaling by insulin, IGF-1, and other growth factors makes a straightforward link between metabolism and cancer, especially in light of the discovery that the PIK3CA gene encoding PI-3-kinase is an oncogene.
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165:(born February 20, 1949) is an American cell biologist and biochemist who has made significant advances to the understanding of cancer metabolism. Among his most notable contributions are the discovery and study of the enzyme
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It is remarkable that of the seven naturally occurring phosphoinositides, the existence of four of them (PtdIns(5)P, PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(3,4)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) was discovered by
Cantley and colleagues.
2519:"Molecular Medicine Awards 3rd Annual Ross Prize to Dr. Lewis C. Cantley, Cancer Researcher at Weill Cornell Medical College and NY Presbyterian Hospital - The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research"
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Songyang Z, Blechner S, Hoagland N, Hoekstra MF, Piwnica-Worms H, Cantley LC (November 1994). "Use of an oriented peptide library to determine the optimal substrates of protein kinases".
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Auger KR, Serunian LA, Soltoff SP, Libby P, Cantley LC (April 1989). "PDGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation stimulates production of novel polyphosphoinositides in intact cells".
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Whitman M, Downes CP, Keeler M, Keller T, Cantley L (April 1988). "Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate".
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Whitman M, Kaplan DR, Schaffhausen B, Cantley L, Roberts TM (1985). "Association of phosphatidylinositol kinase activity with polyoma middle-T competent for transformation".
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assistant professor of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Harvard, being promoted to associate professor in 1981. In 1985, he became a full professor in physiology at
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is a critical substrate of AKT, and together with the laboratory of John Blenis they discovered that AKT phosphorylation of tuberin/TSC2 is required for activation of
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regulatory subunit p85, and that the SH2 domain of p85 specifically recognized phosphotyrosines on growth factor receptors or adaptor proteins via the pY-X-X-M motif.
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Christofk HR, Vander Heiden MG, Harris MH, et al. (March 2008). "The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth".
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Yaffe MB, Leparc GG, Lai J, Obata T, Volinia S, Cantley LC (April 2001). "A motif-based profile scanning approach for genome-wide prediction of signaling pathways".
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In 1997, the
Cantley lab discovered that the enzymes that had been referred to as type II PIP-kinases, instead of using PtdIns(4)P as a substrate, in fact required
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The
Cantley lab has also made seminal contributions to understanding signaling downstream of PI-3-kinase. They discovered that the Pleckstrin Homology domain of
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Traynor-Kaplan AE, Harris AL, Thompson BL, Taylor P, Sklar LA (July 1988). "An inositol tetrakisphosphate-containing phospholipid in activated neutrophils".
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Franke TF, Kaplan DR, Cantley LC, Toker A (January 1997). "Direct regulation of the Akt proto-oncogene product by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate".
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binds to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (and PtdIns(3,4)P2) and that this binding is critical for activation of AKT catalytic activity. They further demonstrated that
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In a series of studies spanning several years, Cantley and colleagues demonstrated that a kinase activity associated with the middle T oncoprotein is a
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Turk BE, Huang LL, Piro ET, Cantley LC (July 2001). "Determination of protease cleavage site motifs using mixture-based oriented peptide libraries".
1288:"Tuberous sclerosis complex gene products, Tuberin and Hamartin, control mTOR signaling by acting as a GTPase-activating protein complex toward Rheb"
1229:"Tuberous sclerosis complex-1 and -2 gene products function together to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated downstream signaling"
1188:"Identification of the tuberous sclerosis complex-2 tumor suppressor gene product tuberin as a target of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/akt pathway"
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245:, herself a prominent figure in the pharmaceutical industry and a professor at Harvard University in both the Business and Medical Schools.
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Hutti JE, Jarrell ET, Chang JD, et al. (October 2004). "A rapid method for determining protein kinase phosphorylation specificity".
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Rameh LE, Tolias KF, Duckworth BC, Cantley LC (November 1997). "A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate".
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659:"Weill Cornell Medical College and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Announce New Powerhouse Recruit for Cancer Research and Patient Care"
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Christofk HR, Vander Heiden MG, Wu N, Asara JM, Cantley LC (March 2008). "Pyruvate kinase M2 is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein".
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kinase, that it is a novel type of phosphoinositide kinase that phosphorylates the 3' position on the inositol ring, and that this
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as a substrate to produce PtdIns(4,5)P2. Further research demonstrated that PtdIns(5)P is naturally occurring in all eukaryotes.
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1984:"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its novel product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, are present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
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1337:"The tumor suppressor LKB1 kinase directly activates AMP-activated kinase and regulates apoptosis in response to energy stress"
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2495:"Dr. Lewis Cantley Honored With the 2015 AACR Princess Takamatsu Memorial Lectureship | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
2257:"Vitamin C halts growth of aggressive forms of colorectal cancer in preclinical study | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
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2281:"Cantley team uncovers vulnerability that can be exploited to kill lung cancer cells | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
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374:. Cantley is now a major player in the resurgence of the importance of the Warburg effect in the process of oncogenesis.
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Use of
Oriented Peptide Libraries to determine phosphopeptide binding specificity and protein kinase substrate specificity
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For the discovery of PI-3-Kinase and its role in cancer metabolism, Cantley was one of eleven recipients of the inaugural
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970:"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is activated by phosphopeptides that bind to the SH2 domains of the 85-kDa subunit"
1436:"Dr. Lewis Cantley Awarded $ 3 Million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for Excellence in Cancer Research"
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2471:"Dr. Lewis C. Cantley and Dr. Catherine Lord Elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies"
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2591:"Lewis Cantley to receive 2015 AACI distinguished scientist award | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
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in 2012. Dr. Cantley was elected the Chairman of the Board of the Hope Funds for Cancer Research in 2016.
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281:) is activated by growth factors to produce novel 3'-phosphorylated phosphoinositides, in particularly
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in New York City. He was formerly a professor in the Departments of Systems Biology and Medicine at
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1055:"Genetic analysis of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase SH2 domain reveals determinants of specificity"
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1795:"Scansite 2.0: Proteome-wide prediction of cell signaling interactions using short sequence motifs"
1147:"A comparative analysis of the phosphoinositide binding specificity of pleckstrin homology domains"
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Lewis C. Cantley has been involved in numerous companies. Recent examples include the following:
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Carpenter CL, Duckworth BC, Auger KR, Cohen B, Schaffhausen BS, Cantley LC (November 1990).
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where he graduated summa cum laude in chemistry in 1971. Cantley obtained his PhD at
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2177:"Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation"
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Tee AR, Fingar DC, Manning BD, Kwiatkowski DJ, Cantley LC, Blenis J (October 2002).
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309:. The Cantley lab also was one of a few labs that nearly simultaneously identified
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The Association of American Cancer Institutes Distinguished Scientist Award (2015)
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Yoakim M, Hou W, Songyang Z, Liu Y, Cantley L, Schaffhausen B (September 1994).
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929:"Purification and characterization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase from rat liver"
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2305:"Eli Lilly, Pfizer, J&J, AbbVie Join $ 48M Bet On NYC Cancer Drug Startup"
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1630:"Press Announcements - FDA approves Zydelig for three types of blood cancers"
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Jacobaeus Prize for Diabetes Research, from the Karolinska Institute (2013)
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2442:"American professor awarded the Jacobæus Prize 2013 | Novo Nordisk Fonden"
2233:"Pioneering Personalized Medicine | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
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2642:"Weill Cornell's Cantley wins Wolf Prize in Medicine | Cornell Chronicle"
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Thomson Reuter's "The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2015".
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Elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2014)
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1703:"The structural basis for 14-3-3:phosphopeptide binding specificity"
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Cantley, LC. "From Kinase to Cancer." The Scientist, December 2007.
1982:
Auger KR, Carpenter CL, Cantley LC, Varticovski L (December 1989).
1952:
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Manning BD, Tee AR, Logsdon MN, Blenis J, Cantley LC (July 2002).
2567:"Cantley elected to EMBO | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center"
1286:
Tee AR, Manning BD, Roux PP, Cantley LC, Blenis J (August 2003).
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Cantley LC (May 2002). "The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway".
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Songyang Z, Shoelson SE, Chaudhuri M, et al. (March 1993).
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Yaffe MB, Rittinger K, Volinia S, et al. (December 1997).
1396:"The LKB1 tumor suppressor negatively regulates mTOR signaling"
1145:
Rameh LE, Arvidsson A, Carraway KL, et al. (August 1997).
2338:
968:
Carpenter CL, Auger KR, Chanudhuri M, et al. (May 1993).
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Pezcoller-AACR International Award for Cancer Research (2005)
435:
Cantley has received numerous awards and honors, including:
1335:
Shaw RJ, Kosmatka M, Bardeesy N, et al. (March 2004).
454:
Caledonian Prize from the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2002)
442:
Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1999)
1394:
Shaw RJ, Bardeesy N, Manning BD, et al. (July 2004).
506:
The Hope Funds Award of Excellence in Basic Science (2016)
4002:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1014:"SH2 domains recognize specific phosphopeptide sequences"
305:
TORC1 kinase activity via regulation of the small GTPase
1488:
Courtney KD, Corcoran RB, Engelman JA (February 2010).
2175:
Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB (May 2009).
1463:"Gaze into the crystal ball – Nobel Prize Predictions"
682:
Alberta Cancer Foundation International Advisory Board
490:
Elected to European life sciences academy EMBO (2015)
2713:
US National Academy of Sciences Biography for Cantley
478:
AACR Princess Takamatsu Memorial Lectureship (2015)
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451:Elected to the National Academy of Sciences (2001)
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1537:Wong KK, Engelman JA, Cantley LC (February 2010).
460:Rolf Luft Award of the Karolinska Institute (2009)
1490:"The PI3K pathway as drug target in human cancer"
1539:"Targeting the PI3K signaling pathway in cancer"
398:Co-founder of Petra Pharma (with Nathanael Gray)
1793:Obenauer JC, Cantley LC, Yaffe MB (July 2003).
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2738:
185:, and the Director of Cancer Research at the
169:, now known to be important to understanding
8:
2523:The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
1440:Press Release, Weill Cornell Medical College
439:ASBMB Avanti Award for Lipid Research (1998)
4037:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
3558:
3544:
3536:
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2731:
2723:
412:Co-founder of Volastra Therapeutics (with
401:Co-founder of Agios Pharmaceuticals (with
254:Discovery of PI-3-kinase and PtdIns(3,4)P2
76:Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
18:
3130:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
2703:Meyer Cancer Center biography for Cantley
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481:Ross Prize in Molecular Medicine (2015)
378:Role of PI-3-kinase in different cancers
2708:Weill Cornell Medicine Cantley Lab site
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530:
463:Pasrow Prize for Cancer Research (2011)
423:Advisory Board of AVEO Pharmaceuticals
2622:images.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz
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538:
536:
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426:Advisory Board of TransMolecular, Inc.
4017:West Virginia Wesleyan College alumni
7:
2718:TIME: "The Conspiracy to End Cancer"
431:Awards, honors and media appearances
317:that also serves to regulate TORC1.
232:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
187:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
123:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
2677:"Is Sugar Toxic? 60 Minutes report"
485:Canada Gairdner International Award
467:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
322:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
228:Tufts University School of Medicine
79:Oriented Peptide Libraries/Scansite
14:
3997:21st-century American biochemists
2401:Royal Society of Edinburgh Prizes
1461:Palazzo, Alex (October 1, 2008).
217:, New York, where he worked with
81:Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate
2665:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize 2019
547:"Biography of Lewis C. Cantley"
4007:Harvard Medical School faculty
58:West Virginia Wesleyan College
1:
4022:Biologists from West Virginia
2595:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2571:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2499:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2475:Weill Cornell Medical College
2285:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2261:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2237:meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu
2001:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47043-9
1720:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80487-0
1672:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00221-9
1608:10.1126/science.296.5573.1655
1467:Transcription and Translation
1305:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00506-2
1205:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00568-3
987:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98375-4
946:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)45429-9
663:Weill Cornell Medical College
275:phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
236:NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital
115:Weill Cornell Medical College
3038:Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
2615:"Eloqua - Error Information"
1341:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1233:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1116:10.1126/science.275.5300.665
1031:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90404-E
847:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90182-7
551:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
361:Role of metabolism in cancer
149:Other academic advisors
4032:Fellows of the AACR Academy
2962:Supernova Cosmology Project
522:program "Is sugar toxic?".
4053:
2543:"Lewis Cantley | Gairdner"
510:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
221:on enzyme kinetics, using
4027:Cornell University alumni
1555:10.1016/j.gde.2009.11.002
1413:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.007
628:10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.010
448:for Lipid Research (2000)
156:
85:
3992:American cell biologists
2446:www.novonordiskfonden.dk
1506:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.3641
1164:10.1074/jbc.272.35.22059
609:Cantley LC (July 2009).
545:Bradley D (March 2004).
382:Cantley was part of the
3456:Shankar Balasubramanian
3192:Alexander Zamolodchikov
3124:Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
2201:10.1126/science.1160809
2044:10.1126/science.1096502
1362:10.1073/pnas.0308061100
572:10.1073/pnas.0400872101
345:Discovery of PtdIns(5)P
3945:Lynne Elizabeth Maquat
3931:Emmanuelle Charpentier
3568:Wolf Prize in Medicine
3470:Clifford P. Brangwynne
3303:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2412:EurekAlert! 7-Apr-2005
2380:AVANTI AWARD IN LIPIDS
1543:Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev
1254:10.1073/pnas.202476899
501:Wolf Prize in Medicine
446:Heinrich Wieland Prize
241:Cantley is married to
183:Harvard Medical School
179:Weill Cornell Medicine
119:Harvard Medical School
2974:High-Z Supernova Team
2339:Volastra Therapeutics
2328:Agios Pharmaceuticals
1071:10.1128/mcb.14.9.5929
390:Industrial activities
205:, remaining there at
3783:Alexander Varshavsky
3685:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3645:Jean-Pierre Changeux
3639:Stanley Norman Cohen
3413:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
3277:Alexander Varshavsky
3096:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
2994:and contributors to
2646:www.news.cornell.edu
2423:Karolinska Institute
2368:TransMolecular, Inc.
2350:AVEO Pharmaceuticals
3914:Jeffrey M. Friedman
3740:Stanley B. Prusiner
3397:Jeffrey M. Friedman
3287:Charles David Allis
2972:and members of the
2960:and members of the
2193:2009Sci...324.1029V
2146:10.1038/nature06667
2138:2008Natur.452..181C
2095:10.1038/nature06734
2087:2008Natur.452..230C
1945:1997Natur.390..192R
1600:2002Sci...296.1655C
1353:2004PNAS..101.3329S
1245:2002PNAS...9913571T
890:1988Natur.334..353T
793:1988Natur.332..644W
739:1985Natur.315..239W
563:2004PNAS..101.3327B
516:He appeared in the
201:Cantley grew up in
16:American biochemist
3892:Jeffrey V. Ravetch
3813:Alexander Levitzki
3734:Yasutomi Nishizuka
3635:Barbara McClintock
3490:Masashi Yanagisawa
3401:Franz-Ulrich Hartl
3331:Stephen J. Elledge
3283:Alim Louis Benabid
3170:Charles H. Bennett
3120:Daniel Z. Freedman
3070:Charles L. Bennett
3034:Arthur B. McDonald
3022:KĹŤichirĹŤ Nishikawa
2952:John Henry Schwarz
2942:Alexander Polyakov
2920:Michel Della Negra
2839:Daniel A. Spielman
2754:Breakthrough Prize
2428:2011-07-18 at the
2355:2010-07-30 at the
1811:10.1093/nar/gkg584
703:. 30 October 2018.
687:2009-08-31 at the
611:"Lewis C. Cantley"
384:Stand Up to Cancer
313:as a regulator of
211:Cornell University
131:Harvard University
62:Cornell University
3974:
3973:
3955:Daniel J. Drucker
3817:Anthony R. Hunter
3789:Ralph L. Brinster
3671:Pedro Cuatrecasas
3659:Donald F. Steiner
3649:Solomon H. Snyder
3604:Oleh Hornykiewicz
3566:Laureates of the
3533:
3532:
3512:Fredrick Van Goor
3405:Arthur L. Horwich
3379:Adrian R. Krainer
3273:Richard P. Lifton
3231:Napoleone Ferrara
3211:Cornelia Bargmann
3060:Andrew Strominger
3056:Joseph Polchinski
2866:Nima Arkani-Hamed
2815:Vincent Lafforgue
2805:Christopher Hacon
2187:(5930): 1029–33.
1799:Nucleic Acids Res
884:(6180): 353–356.
407:Craig B. Thompson
175:diabetes mellitus
160:
159:
87:Scientific career
39:February 20, 1949
4044:
3965:José-Alain Sahel
3908:James P. Allison
3898:Lewis C. Cantley
3888:Philippa Marrack
3730:Michael Berridge
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3524:Andrew Singleton
3474:Anthony A. Hyman
3444:Jeffery W. Kelly
3439:
3431:Richard J. Youle
3375:C. Frank Bennett
3369:Don W. Cleveland
3343:Yoshinori Ohsumi
3269:Robert S. Langer
3257:James P. Allison
3219:Lewis C. Cantley
3160:Hidetoshi Katori
3140:Jens H. Gundlach
3050:Super-Kamiokande
2932:Joseph Incandela
2916:Fabiola Gianotti
2878:Maxim Kontsevich
2833:Takuro Mochizuki
2775:Maxim Kontsevich
2747:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2691:
2690:
2685:. Archived from
2673:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2547:www.gairdner.org
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2448:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1899:10.1038/nmeth708
1882:
1876:
1875:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1722:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1636:. Archived from
1626:
1620:
1619:
1594:(5573): 1655–7.
1583:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1307:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1157:(35): 22059–66.
1142:
1136:
1135:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1009:
1000:
999:
989:
965:
959:
958:
948:
939:(32): 19704–11.
924:
918:
917:
898:10.1038/334353a0
873:
867:
866:
830:
821:
820:
801:10.1038/332644a0
776:
767:
766:
747:10.1038/315239a0
733:(6016): 239–42.
722:
716:
711:
705:
704:
697:
691:
679:
673:
672:
670:
669:
655:
649:
648:
630:
606:
595:
594:
584:
574:
542:
418:Olivier Elemento
271:phosphoinositide
266:
265:
261:
207:Wesleyan College
163:Lewis C. Cantley
138:Doctoral advisor
127:Tufts University
42:
38:
36:
23:Lewis C. Cantley
19:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4041:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3935:Jennifer Doudna
3919:
3870:Nahum Sonenberg
3864:Ronald M. Evans
3858:Rudolf Jaenisch
3854:Shinya Yamanaka
3836:
3803:Robert Weinberg
3797:Oliver Smithies
3767:
3700:
3695:Edward B. Lewis
3629:James L. Gowans
3609:
3590:Jon J. van Rood
3570:
3564:
3534:
3529:
3520:Ellen Sidransky
3500:Michel Sadelain
3486:Emmanuel Mignot
3460:David Klenerman
3433:
3423:Catherine Dulac
3335:Harry F. Noller
3313:Karl Deisseroth
3299:Jennifer Doudna
3265:Michael N. Hall
3251:Bert Vogelstein
3247:Shinya Yamanaka
3243:Robert Weinberg
3239:Charles Sawyers
3197:
3174:Gilles Brassard
3154:Steven Weinberg
3136:Eric Adelberger
3046:YĹŤichirĹŤ Suzuki
2958:Saul Perlmutter
2924:Tejinder Virdee
2908:Stephen Hawking
2857:
2850:
2771:Simon Donaldson
2757:
2751:
2699:
2694:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2430:Wayback Machine
2421:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2390:AAAS Membership
2388:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2362:
2357:Wayback Machine
2348:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2132:(7184): 181–6.
2123:
2122:
2118:
2081:(7184): 230–3.
2072:
2071:
2067:
2022:
2021:
2017:
1994:(34): 20181–4.
1981:
1980:
1976:
1939:(6656): 192–6.
1930:
1929:
1922:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1844:Nat. Biotechnol
1841:
1840:
1836:
1805:(13): 3635–41.
1792:
1791:
1787:
1752:Nat. Biotechnol
1749:
1748:
1744:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1347:(10): 3329–35.
1334:
1333:
1329:
1298:(15): 1259–68.
1285:
1284:
1280:
1239:(21): 13571–6.
1226:
1225:
1221:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1110:(5300): 665–8.
1101:
1100:
1096:
1059:Mol. Cell. Biol
1052:
1051:
1047:
1011:
1010:
1003:
980:(13): 9478–83.
967:
966:
962:
926:
925:
921:
875:
874:
870:
832:
831:
824:
787:(6165): 644–6.
778:
777:
770:
724:
723:
719:
712:
708:
699:
698:
694:
689:Wayback Machine
680:
676:
667:
665:
657:
656:
652:
608:
607:
598:
544:
543:
532:
528:
433:
392:
380:
363:
347:
334:
283:PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
267:
263:
259:
257:
256:
251:
199:
129:
125:
121:
117:
105:Systems Biology
103:
99:
80:
78:
74:
60:
54:Alma mater
49:
43:
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3949:Adrian Krainer
3938:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3902:C. Ronald Kahn
3895:
3881:
3867:
3861:
3851:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3810:
3807:Roger Y. Tsien
3800:
3793:Mario Capecchi
3786:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3727:
3721:
3718:Seymour Benzer
3715:
3712:Maclyn McCarty
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3665:Osamu Hayaishi
3662:
3656:
3653:James W. Black
3642:
3632:
3621:CĂ©sar Milstein
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3600:Arvid Carlsson
3593:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3508:Paul Negulescu
3493:
3478:Demis Hassabis
3467:
3448:Katalin KarikĂł
3441:
3416:
3394:
3387:Xiaowei Zhuang
3372:
3361:Kazutoshi Mori
3350:
3328:
3306:
3280:
3254:
3227:Titia de Lange
3215:David Botstein
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3133:
3127:
3116:Sergio Ferrara
3109:
3099:
3089:
3082:Lyman Page Jr.
3078:Norman Jarosik
3067:
3053:
3042:Takaaki Kajita
2999:
2998:project (2016)
2977:
2955:
2945:
2939:
2901:
2890:Nathan Seiberg
2886:Juan Maldacena
2862:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2809:James McKernan
2802:
2796:
2790:
2787:Richard Taylor
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2697:External links
2695:
2693:
2692:
2689:on 2012-05-01.
2668:
2657:
2633:
2606:
2582:
2558:
2534:
2510:
2486:
2462:
2433:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2382:
2371:
2360:
2342:
2331:
2320:
2296:
2272:
2248:
2224:
2167:
2116:
2065:
2015:
1974:
1920:
1877:
1834:
1785:
1742:
1693:
1666:(11): 973–82.
1650:
1621:
1578:
1529:
1500:(6): 1075–83.
1494:J. Clin. Oncol
1480:
1469:. ScienceBlogs
1453:
1442:. Feb 21, 2013
1427:
1386:
1327:
1278:
1219:
1178:
1137:
1094:
1065:(9): 5929–38.
1045:
1001:
960:
919:
868:
822:
768:
717:
706:
692:
674:
650:
621:(14): R540–1.
596:
557:(10): 3327–8.
529:
527:
524:
514:
513:
507:
504:
497:
494:
491:
488:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
443:
440:
432:
429:
428:
427:
424:
421:
410:
399:
391:
388:
379:
376:
372:Warburg effect
362:
359:
346:
343:
333:
330:
255:
252:
250:
247:
198:
195:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:Guido Guidotti
150:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
112:
108:
107:
94:
90:
89:
83:
82:
69:
68:Known for
65:
64:
55:
51:
50:
44:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4049:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Living people
3985:
3984:
3982:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3878:Victor Ambros
3875:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3779:Avram Hershko
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3724:Judah Folkman
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3681:Henri G. Hers
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3516:Thomas Gasser
3513:
3509:
3505:
3504:Sabine Hadida
3501:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3452:Drew Weissman
3449:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:Angelika Amon
3380:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:Roeland Nusse
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:Edward Boyden
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:Victor Ambros
3288:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3261:Mahlon DeLong
3258:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3203:Life sciences
3200:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:Peter W. Shor
3179:
3178:David Deutsch
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:Blayne Heckel
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:David Spergel
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:Atsuto Suzuki
3011:
3010:Daya Bay team
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2984:Ronald Drever
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:Brian Schmidt
2963:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:Michael Green
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:Guido Tonelli
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2898:Edward Witten
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:Alexei Kitaev
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2845:Simon Brendle
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:Martin Hairer
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:Jean Bourgain
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
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2743:
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2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
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2647:
2643:
2637:
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2623:
2616:
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2607:
2596:
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2572:
2568:
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2559:
2548:
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2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2452:on 2016-03-04
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
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2427:
2424:
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2413:
2408:
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2206:
2202:
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2171:
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2139:
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2100:
2096:
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2084:
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2076:
2069:
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2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:(5670): 554.
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:J. Biol. Chem
1985:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:10.1038/36621
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1925:
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1916:
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1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
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1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:10.1038/90273
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:10.1038/86737
1761:
1758:(4): 348–53.
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1713:(7): 961–71.
1712:
1708:
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1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1640:on 2016-01-03
1639:
1635:
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1597:
1593:
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1234:
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1220:
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1198:(1): 151–62.
1197:
1193:
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1174:
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1152:
1151:J. Biol. Chem
1148:
1141:
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1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
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1113:
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1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1024:(5): 767–78.
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
974:J. Biol. Chem
971:
964:
961:
956:
952:
947:
942:
938:
934:
933:J. Biol. Chem
930:
923:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:(1): 167–75.
840:
836:
829:
827:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
721:
718:
715:
710:
707:
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696:
693:
690:
686:
683:
678:
675:
664:
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629:
624:
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612:
605:
603:
601:
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588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:
539:
537:
535:
531:
525:
523:
521:
520:
511:
508:
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502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
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477:
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468:
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367:
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344:
342:
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331:
329:
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323:
318:
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308:
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296:
292:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
253:
248:
246:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
219:Gordon Hammes
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:West Virginia
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
155:
151:
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144:
143:Gordon Hammes
141:
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132:
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120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
95:
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88:
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47:
46:West Virginia
41:(age 75)
31:
27:
20:
3961:Botond Roska
3897:
3884:John Kappler
3848:Axel Ullrich
3831:Aharon Razin
3827:Howard Cedar
3752:Michael Sela
3746:Mary F. Lyon
3675:Meir Wilchek
3596:Roger Sperry
3586:Jean Dausset
3582:George Snell
3464:Pascal Mayer
3409:David Julius
3391:Zhijian Chen
3357:Peter Walter
3353:Joanne Chory
3325:Svante Pääbo
3223:Hans Clevers
3218:
3149:
3111:
3102:Charles Kane
3091:
3074:Gary Hinshaw
2992:Rainer Weiss
2979:
2938:(LHC) (2013)
2903:
2882:Andrei Linde
2687:the original
2680:
2671:
2660:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:
2585:
2574:. Retrieved
2570:
2561:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:
2489:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:the original
2445:
2436:
2418:
2407:
2396:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2345:
2334:
2323:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2299:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:
2275:
2264:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:
2227:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2035:
2031:
2018:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1936:
1932:
1890:
1887:Nat. Methods
1886:
1880:
1850:(7): 661–7.
1847:
1843:
1837:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:the original
1633:
1624:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1549:(1): 87–90.
1546:
1542:
1532:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1439:
1430:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1021:
1017:
977:
973:
963:
936:
932:
922:
881:
877:
871:
838:
834:
784:
780:
730:
726:
720:
709:
701:"Front Page"
695:
677:
666:. Retrieved
662:
653:
618:
614:
554:
550:
517:
515:
434:
393:
381:
368:
364:
355:
348:
339:
335:
326:
319:
288:
268:
240:
200:
162:
161:
111:Institutions
101:Cell Biology
97:Biochemistry
86:
4012:1949 births
3941:Joan Steitz
3874:Gary Ruvkun
3821:Tony Pawson
3762:Eric Kandel
3691:John Gurdon
3482:John Jumper
3434: [
3419:David Baker
3365:Kim Nasmyth
3347:Huda Zoghbi
3321:Helen Hobbs
3295:Gary Ruvkun
3235:Eric Lander
3106:Eugene Mele
3064:Cumrun Vafa
3052:team (2016)
3006:Kam-Biu Luk
3002:Yifang Wang
2912:Peter Jenni
2856:Fundamental
2783:Terence Tao
2779:Jacob Lurie
2763:Mathematics
1893:(1): 27–9.
1634:www.fda.gov
1406:(1): 91–9.
1400:Cancer Cell
414:Sam Bakhoum
279:PI-3-kinase
167:PI-3-kinase
72:PI-3-kinase
3981:Categories
3756:Ruth Arnon
3317:John Hardy
3188:John Cardy
2988:Kip Thorne
2970:Adam Riess
2934:(CMS) and
2894:Ashoke Sen
2821:Alex Eskin
2651:2016-01-22
2627:2016-01-22
2600:2016-01-05
2576:2016-01-05
2552:2016-01-05
2528:2016-01-05
2504:2016-01-05
2480:2016-01-05
2456:2016-01-05
2314:2016-01-06
2290:2016-01-05
2266:2016-01-05
2242:2016-01-05
2028:Bardelli A
2026:, Wang Z,
1660:Curr. Biol
1644:2016-01-05
1473:1 November
1446:1 November
1292:Curr. Biol
668:2016-01-05
615:Curr. Biol
526:References
519:60 Minutes
351:PtdIns(5)P
243:Vicki Sato
35:1949-02-20
3625:Leo Sachs
3496:Carl June
3427:Dennis Lo
2936:Lyn Evans
2918:(ATLAS),
2870:Alan Guth
2756:laureates
2024:Samuels Y
1192:Mol. Cell
197:Biography
3799:(2002/3)
3748:(1996/7)
3742:(1995/6)
3736:(1994/5)
3661:(1984/5)
3048:and the
3036:and the
3024:and the
3016:and the
3008:and the
2793:Ian Agol
2426:Archived
2353:Archived
2219:19460998
2154:18337815
2111:16111842
2103:18337823
2060:10147415
2052:15016963
1907:15782149
1872:13510196
1864:11433279
1829:12824383
1780:22637369
1772:11283593
1737:14107687
1616:12040186
1573:20006486
1524:20085938
1422:15261145
1381:14985505
1314:12906785
1273:12271141
1214:12150915
1132:31186873
863:22154860
685:Archived
645:19060385
637:19655422
591:14993589
249:Research
3150:Special
3112:Special
3092:Special
3018:KamLAND
2980:Special
2904:Special
2858:physics
2682:YouTube
2210:2849637
2189:Bibcode
2181:Science
2162:4346405
2134:Bibcode
2083:Bibcode
2032:Science
2010:2555343
1969:4403301
1961:9367159
1941:Bibcode
1915:4671684
1729:9428519
1688:7507217
1680:7874496
1596:Bibcode
1588:Science
1564:2822054
1515:2834432
1349:Bibcode
1322:6519150
1241:Bibcode
1173:9268346
1124:9005852
1104:Science
1089:8065326
1040:7680959
996:7683653
955:2174051
914:4263472
906:3393226
886:Bibcode
855:2467744
817:4326568
809:2833705
789:Bibcode
763:4337999
755:2987699
735:Bibcode
559:Bibcode
512:(2019)
503:(2016)
487:(2015)
403:Tak Mak
295:tuberin
3967:(2024)
3957:(2023)
3951:(2021)
3937:(2020)
3916:(2019)
3910:(2017)
3904:(2016)
3894:(2015)
3880:(2014)
3866:(2012)
3860:(2011)
3850:(2010)
3833:(2008)
3823:(2005)
3809:(2004)
3785:(2001)
3764:(1999)
3758:(1998)
3726:(1992)
3720:(1991)
3714:(1990)
3697:(1989)
3687:(1988)
3677:(1987)
3667:(1986)
3655:(1982)
3641:(1981)
3631:(1980)
3606:(1979)
3592:(1978)
3526:(2024)
3492:(2023)
3466:(2022)
3440:(2021)
3415:(2020)
3393:(2019)
3371:(2018)
3349:(2017)
3327:(2016)
3305:(2015)
3279:(2014)
3253:(2013)
3194:(2024)
3184:(2023)
3166:(2022)
3164:Jun Ye
3156:(2021)
3146:(2021)
3132:(2020)
3126:(2019)
3108:(2019)
3098:(2018)
3088:(2018)
3066:(2017)
3040:team,
3032:team,
3020:team,
2976:(2015)
2954:(2014)
2944:(2013)
2900:(2012)
2847:(2024)
2841:(2023)
2835:(2022)
2829:(2021)
2823:(2020)
2817:(2019)
2811:(2018)
2801:(2017)
2795:(2016)
2789:(2015)
2309:Forbes
2217:
2207:
2160:
2152:
2126:Nature
2109:
2101:
2075:Nature
2058:
2050:
2008:
1967:
1959:
1933:Nature
1913:
1905:
1870:
1862:
1827:
1820:168990
1817:
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861:
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781:Nature
761:
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727:Nature
643:
635:
589:
582:373460
579:
469:(2013)
258:": -->
215:Ithaca
191:Boston
171:cancer
93:Fields
48:, U.S.
3924:2020s
3841:2010s
3772:2000s
3705:1990s
3614:1980s
3575:1970s
3438:]
2618:(PDF)
2158:S2CID
2107:S2CID
2056:S2CID
1965:S2CID
1911:S2CID
1868:S2CID
1776:S2CID
1733:S2CID
1684:S2CID
1318:S2CID
1128:S2CID
910:S2CID
859:S2CID
813:S2CID
759:S2CID
641:S2CID
189:, in
3522:and
3462:and
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3249:and
3190:and
3162:and
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2950:and
2785:and
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2150:PMID
2099:PMID
2048:PMID
2006:PMID
1957:PMID
1903:PMID
1860:PMID
1825:PMID
1768:PMID
1725:PMID
1707:Cell
1676:PMID
1612:PMID
1569:PMID
1520:PMID
1475:2013
1448:2013
1418:PMID
1377:PMID
1310:PMID
1269:PMID
1210:PMID
1169:PMID
1120:PMID
1085:PMID
1036:PMID
1018:Cell
992:PMID
951:PMID
902:PMID
851:PMID
835:Cell
805:PMID
751:PMID
633:PMID
587:PMID
499:The
416:and
405:and
315:AMPK
311:LKB1
307:rheb
303:mTOR
299:TSC2
260:edit
223:FRET
173:and
29:Born
3030:T2K
3026:K2K
2205:PMC
2197:doi
2185:324
2142:doi
2130:452
2091:doi
2079:452
2040:doi
2036:304
1996:doi
1992:264
1949:doi
1937:390
1895:doi
1852:doi
1815:PMC
1807:doi
1760:doi
1715:doi
1668:doi
1604:doi
1592:296
1559:PMC
1551:doi
1510:PMC
1502:doi
1408:doi
1367:PMC
1357:doi
1345:101
1300:doi
1259:PMC
1249:doi
1200:doi
1159:doi
1155:272
1112:doi
1108:275
1075:PMC
1067:doi
1026:doi
982:doi
978:268
941:doi
937:265
894:doi
882:334
843:doi
797:doi
785:332
743:doi
731:315
623:doi
577:PMC
567:doi
555:101
291:AKT
213:in
3983::
3963:/
3947:/
3943:/
3933:/
3900:/
3890:/
3886:/
3876:/
3872:/
3856:/
3829:/
3819:/
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