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forced his mother to leave him alone all day, while she worked for her mistress. For some 14 months, she locked Lewis in the slave quarters early each morning until late each night without food, water, companionship, or clothing. Reportedly, on one cold day he kicked his blankets away from his feet, and when his mother returned she found her son's feet had frozen. Although she replaced the blanket, his toes froze that night and fell off with the blanket the next morning. Thus crippled, he did not begin working until the age of six.
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had frozen stiff while cutting logs in the deep snows. Thinking Lewis might die, he was returned to his mother, who was now freed and living nearby as a laundress. Subsequently he was unable to walk for nine months, but once he was mobile he was sold immediately to a James Davis. Charlton was still only 15 years old.
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Lewis' father was Manuel
Charlton and from the tales told by his mother in one biography, Manuel was brought over from Africa on a slave ship and was sold on to Georgia while Lewis was still a baby but in the other, they were both, 'born slaves.' When Lewis was about 17 years of age, his mother, who
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schoolhouse and church in
Westminster. The school prospered for four years; for two years with Whitmore as teacher, and for two years with a woman named Mary Cleveland as teacher. When Charlton's funds were depleted he attempted to raise more but he was unsuccessful. In 1870 the school closed. In
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As Davis' slave, Lewis endured three years of field labor. His legs were damaged to the point that they bled frequently into his shoes. Three years later, Charlton was sold to a Mr. Richardson. For the first time in his life he was separated from his sister, with whom he had been fortunate to stay
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The new owner
Getinger, expected Lewis to work at all hours of the day, and every day of the week. Prior to being sold to Getinger, Lewis was able to visit his mother and sister on Sunday, but he was now expected to work every day including Sundays. After three years with Getinger, Charlton's legs
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for three years, earning a wage of $ 16 a month, which included the cost of housing. Charlton continued working for
Gladding until his marriage. Gladding owed Charlton $ 235 which he was unable to secure, despite an attempt to sue for his wages in court. Charlton was forced to return to work. In
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Charlton's first owner was
Ignatius Davis who owned Charlton's mother. Davis' wife treated her slaves with severity. She whipped them until they passed out, then would wash their wounds with salt water, and have them return to work in the fields by the next day. At two weeks of age, Davis's wife
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These
African American schools were to be under the control of the existing county and district boards which already had major issues in the adequate education of white children. It would not be until 1955 that schools in Maryland would be forced to start the process of integration with
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When
Charlton was seven, Davis died and Lewis was placed on the auction block for sale. He retells that his mother was crying and had him remove his socks to reveal his stumps, in hopes that no one would buy him. Lewis was sold to a man who intended to teach him to be a
130:. Here Charlton worked with Isaac Rogers, a large iron manufacturer. Charlton found that he was treated as badly as he had been while a slave, but he continued his employment with Rogers for 16 years. He then moved to the home of William Gladding. He worked as a
86:. If that occurred he was whipped with a cow whip and Lewis tells that it happened so frequently that he spent months where he could not sleep on his back. Eventually Fornistock's land, including Lewis were sold at a
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According to census records, by 1850, Lewis married Mary and they lived in
Harford County, Maryland. In 1853 they had a daughter, Martha, and a son, Edward, born in 1856. Later they moved to Westminster in
78:, but before he could begin learning the trade, his new master's wife died and he was sold again. He was sold to a Mr. Fornistock who was mean, particularly when he was drunk. Fornistock was a
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to raise funds. Here he acquired nearly $ 1,000 and a teacher, named Mr. Whitmore, who was willing to travel to
Westminster and teach black children. Finally Charlton established the first
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in
England, and lived a very eventful life inbetween. Crippled at 14 months, he was freed in 1842, and founded a school after the Civil War for the education of 'Negro' children in
38:. What we know of his life comes from biographies published late in his life, census data from the time, and newspaper accounts of his book tour and lectures, until his death in
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was over, Charlton, who was illiterate, wanted to educate the young black youth in the surrounding area. Lacking the funds to build a school, he travelled to
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had remarried after gaining her freedom, moved to Pennsylvania and not long after, his sister was sold off and moved far away; neither were heard from again.
62:, around the township of Buckiston. His mother and father were both slaves. His father was sold shortly after the child's birth to a man living in
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by trade. He had Charlton spread hides that were so heavy he was in danger of falling into the
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335:"Report on School Desegregation in 14 Eastern Shore and Southern Maryland Counties, 1966"
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to raise money. In Baltimore he had a cold reception, so in 1866 he traveled to
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in 1954 and this process was not completed until 1967 with mixed success.
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Sketch of the Life of Mr. Lewis Charlton, and Reminiscences of Slavery.
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from his owner; however, unsure of his future, he chose to live with a
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with. Charlton remained with Richardson until he was 28 years old.
306:"Historic African American Schools in St. Mary's County, Maryland"
288:""Are We Satisfied?": The Baltimore Plan for School Desegregation"
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Slave sale, Market House in the town square of Easton, Maryland
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1872 free public schools were mandated for Negro children.
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in the United States in about 1814. He died a speaker in the
234:"138: Lewis Charlton and the economics of Slave Narratives"
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named George Burroughs. A year later, Charlton moved to
16:American slave, speaker in the temperance movement
310:Unified Committee for Afro-American Contributions
50:Lewis Charlton was born in 1814 on a farm in
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252:"Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series)"
376:Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series).
292:THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY
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425:People from Frederick County, Maryland
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374:Lewis Charlton (b. 1814 - d. ?)
22:was an orator, school founder, and
203:Border states (American Civil War)
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274:Maryland State Dept. of Education
135:1862 Lewis moved to a town named
370:University of Alberta, archives.
232:Green, Jeffrey (5 July 2014).
213:History of slavery in Maryland
139:, where he worked as a mason.
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405:19th-century American farmers
156:and Mary worked as a cook at
26:advocate. He was born a into
395:19th-century American slaves
54:. The farm was located near
430:People enslaved in Maryland
191:Brown v. Board of Education
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368:The Life of Lewis Charlton
114:At age 28 he received his
52:Frederick County, Maryland
415:African-American founders
361:S. l.: s. n., ?. by
160:after it opened in 1867.
158:Western Maryland College
154:Carroll County, Maryland
60:Point of Rocks, Maryland
256:Maryland State Archives
164:African American school
342:University of Maryland
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137:Westminster, Maryland
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36:Westminster, Maryland
363:Edward Everett Brown
294:. 25 September 2014.
32:temperance movement
170:American Civil War
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410:American founders
238:Jeffrey Green, UK
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110:Emancipation
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420:1888 deaths
400:Farmworkers
120:stonecutter
116:manumission
384:Categories
320:2017-09-18
219:References
24:temperance
174:Baltimore
56:Frederick
42:in 1888.
40:Sheffield
270:"Origin"
197:See also
132:farmhand
128:Maryland
353:Sources
64:Georgia
28:slavery
178:Boston
80:tanner
76:cooper
338:(PDF)
84:vats
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