219:
under sterile conditions. Currently, the growth medium known as "Knudson culture medium" continues being used around the world to germinate orchids fast and efficiently. Knudson originally published his work on asymbiotic germination in a
Spanish-language journal which was little known at the time;
210:
Orchid seeds are extremely small and hold scant sustenance. For this reason, in nature they need to associate with a fungus during germination which provides them nutrients required for growth and development. This process is known as "symbiotic germination" and until 1922 was the only known method
207:, was appointed assistant professor of plant physiology in 1911 and was made acting head of that department in 1912. In 1916, his department became incorporated into the department of botany and he became a professor of botany. In 1941 he was named the head of this department. He retired in 1952.
31:
211:
of seed based propagation of orchids. That year, Lewis
Knudson published an article describing an artificial method to germinate orchids without the participation of a fungus. This method, known as asymbiotic propagation, makes use of
118:
361:
Arditti J. 1984. An history of orchid hybridization, seed germination, and tissue culture. Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society of London 89: 359-381.
407:
412:
417:
422:
402:
336:
192:
90:
157:
397:
392:
287:
196:
145:
96:
212:
200:
152:
67:
309:
386:
220:
and he thus republished the next year in
English in a journal with wide circulation.
216:
215:
techniques to achieve the germination and development of plantules in an artificial
340:
110:
Development of growth medium for aseptic, nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds.
181:
204:
48:
44:
30:
276:
185:
177:
233:. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 21: 250-260
281:
173:
135:
322:
247:. Proc. of the International Congress of Plant Science 2: 1183-1189
119:
Fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
176:
who dedicated most of his professional life to the study of the
375:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The University of Minnesota press.
191:
He obtained his
Bachelor of Science and Arts degree at the
231:
La germinación no simbiótica de las semillas de orquídeas
245:
Physiological investigations on orchid seed germination
254:. Botanical Gazette, Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 528–532
371:Rosendahl, Carl Otto; Butters, Frederic K. (1928).
151:
141:
131:
114:
106:
83:
75:
56:
37:
21:
8:
265:P. N. Don. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 25: 528-532
325:Botanical Gazette, Vol. 73, No. 1 pp. 1-25.
29:
18:
323:Nonsymbiotic Germination of Orchid Seeds
238:Nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds
301:
7:
339:. Orchidmania, Inc. Archived from
14:
408:20th-century American botanists
252:Nutrient Solutions for Orchids
1:
413:University of Missouri alumni
373:Trees and shrubs of Minnesota
337:"In vitro Orchid cultivation"
240:. Botanical Gazette 73: 1-25
172:(1884–1958) was an American
439:
418:Cornell University faculty
423:Cornell University alumni
403:Scientists from Milwaukee
310:Lewis Knudson (1884-1958)
163:
124:
70:, New York, United States
28:
312:Plant Physiol. 32:156.
193:University of Missouri
91:University of Missouri
224:Selected publications
203:. Here he earned his
158:Benjamin Minge Duggar
259:Self pollination in
195:in 1908 and came to
261:Cattleya aurantiaca
199:as an assistant in
184:and propagation of
321:Knudson, L. 1922.
197:Cornell University
146:Cornell University
97:Cornell University
343:on March 15, 2010
308:Clarke, D. 1959.
291:
257:Knudson L. 1956.
250:Knudson L. 1951.
243:Knudson L. 1929.
236:Knudson L. 1922.
229:Knudson L. 1921.
167:
166:
126:Scientific career
16:American botanist
430:
377:
376:
368:
362:
359:
353:
352:
350:
348:
335:Croezen, Peter.
332:
326:
319:
313:
306:
286:
213:micropropagation
201:plant physiology
153:Doctoral advisor
63:
41:October 15, 1884
33:
19:
438:
437:
433:
432:
431:
429:
428:
427:
383:
382:
381:
380:
370:
369:
365:
360:
356:
346:
344:
334:
333:
329:
320:
316:
307:
303:
298:
272:
226:
102:
84:Alma mater
71:
65:
61:
60:August 31, 1958
52:
51:, United States
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
436:
434:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
385:
384:
379:
378:
363:
354:
327:
314:
300:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
271:
268:
267:
266:
255:
248:
241:
234:
225:
222:
217:culture medium
165:
164:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
101:
100:
94:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
66:
64:(aged 73)
58:
54:
53:
43:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
435:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
388:
374:
367:
364:
358:
355:
342:
338:
331:
328:
324:
318:
315:
311:
305:
302:
295:
290:& Butters
289:
285:
283:
278:
274:
273:
269:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
227:
223:
221:
218:
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Lewis Knudson
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
59:
55:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:Lewis Knudson
20:
372:
366:
357:
347:February 19,
345:. Retrieved
341:the original
330:
317:
304:
280:
262:
258:
251:
244:
237:
230:
209:
190:
182:reproduction
169:
168:
142:Institutions
125:
62:(1958-08-31)
398:1958 deaths
393:1884 births
284:× knudsonii
76:Nationality
387:Categories
296:References
205:doctorate
49:Wisconsin
45:Milwaukee
277:Rosaceae
263:(Batem.)
174:botanist
79:American
288:Rosend.
270:Eponyms
186:orchids
178:biology
282:Prunus
136:Botany
132:Fields
115:Awards
68:Ithaca
99:(PhD)
93:(BSA)
349:2010
57:Died
38:Born
389::
279:)
188:.
180:,
47:,
351:.
275:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
