1002:
2058:
953:. They are commonly referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, although, in the technical sense, PMN refers to all granulocytes. They have a multi-lobed nucleus, which consists of three to five lobes connected by slender strands. This gives the neutrophils the appearance of having multiple nuclei, hence the name polymorphonuclear leukocyte. The cytoplasm may look transparent because of fine granules that are pale lilac when stained. Neutrophils are active in phagocytosing bacteria and are present in large amount in the pus of wounds. These cells are not able to renew their
763:
758:
641:
583:
885:
701:
931:
58:
1045:. Histamine is responsible for widening blood vessels and increasing the flow of blood to injured tissue. It also makes blood vessels more permeable so neutrophils and clotting proteins can get into connective tissue more easily. Heparin is an anticoagulant that inhibits blood clotting and promotes the movement of white blood cells into an area. Basophils can also release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils to an infection site.
1005:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1010:
1007:
1214:
2092:
1034:. Because they are the rarest of the white blood cells (less than 0.5% of the total count) and share physicochemical properties with other blood cells, they are difficult to study. They can be recognized by several coarse, dark violet granules, giving them a blue hue. The nucleus is bi- or tri-lobed, but it is hard to see because of the number of coarse granules that hide it.
634:
576:
751:
2104:
694:
1834:. There are four major causes: increase of production in bone marrow, increased release from storage in bone marrow, decreased attachment to veins and arteries, decreased uptake by tissues. Leukocytosis may affect one or more cell lines and can be neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic, monocytosis, or lymphocytosis.
957:(used in digesting microbes) and die after having phagocytosed a few pathogens. Neutrophils are the most common cell type seen in the early stages of acute inflammation. The average lifespan of inactivated human neutrophils in the circulation has been reported by different approaches to be between 5 and 135 hours.
878:
982:
infections. Eosinophils are also the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. The most important causes of eosinophilia include allergies such as asthma, hay fever, and hives; and parasitic infections. They secrete chemicals that destroy large parasites, such as hookworms and tapeworms,
2017:
10/L. Eosinophil counts are higher in newborns and vary with age, time (lower in the morning and higher at night), exercise, environment, and exposure to allergens. Eosinophilia is never a normal lab finding. Efforts should always be made to discover the underlying cause, though the cause may not
1304:
Some leucocytes migrate into the tissues of the body to take up a permanent residence at that location rather than remaining in the blood. Often these cells have specific names depending upon which tissue they settle in, such as fixed macrophages in the liver, which become known as
364:
between 4 Ă— 10/L and 1.1 Ă— 10/L. In the US, this is usually expressed as 4,000 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood. White blood cells make up approximately 1% of the total blood volume in a healthy adult, making them substantially less numerous than the
1006:
975:. It rises in response to allergies, parasitic infections, collagen diseases, and disease of the spleen and central nervous system. They are rare in the blood, but numerous in the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, and lower urinary tracts.
1852:. Normal blood values vary by age. Neutrophilia can be caused by a direct problem with blood cells (primary disease). It can also occur as a consequence of an underlying disease (secondary). Most cases of neutrophilia are secondary to inflammation.
510:(present or absent, or more precisely, visible on light microscopy or not thus visible). The other dichotomy is by lineage: Myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) are distinguished from lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) by
1059:
Lymphocytes are much more common in the lymphatic system than in blood. Lymphocytes are distinguished by having a deeply staining nucleus that may be eccentric in location, and a relatively small amount of cytoplasm. Lymphocytes include:
470:
All white blood cells are nucleated, which distinguishes them from the anucleated red blood cells and platelets. Types of leukocytes can be classified in standard ways. Two pairs of broadest categories classify them either by structure
983:
that are too big for any one white blood cell to phagocytize. In general, their nuclei are bi-lobed. The lobes are connected by a thin strand. The cytoplasm is full of granules that assume a characteristic pink-orange color with
1201:, which remove dead cell debris as well as attack microorganisms. Neither dead cell debris nor attacking microorganisms can be dealt with effectively by the neutrophils. Unlike neutrophils, monocytes are able to replace their
1599:
Defined as total lymphocyte count below 1.0x10/L, the cells most commonly affected are CD4+ T cells. Like neutropenia, lymphocytopenia may be acquired or intrinsic and there are many causes. This is not a complete list.
1158:(different from the αβ TCR found on conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). Found in tissue more commonly than in blood, γδ T cells share characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells.
1580:
Symptoms of neutropenia are associated with the underlying cause of the decrease in neutrophils. For example, the most common cause of acquired neutropenia is drug-induced, so an individual may have symptoms of
499:. A good way to remember the relative proportions of WBCs is "Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas". These types are distinguished by their physical and functional characteristics. Monocytes and neutrophils are
2186:
Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S (March 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells".
1457:. A decrease in levels of neutrophils on lab tests is due to either decreased production of neutrophils or increased removal from the blood. The following list of causes is not complete.
345:. An excess of white blood cells is usually due to infection or inflammation. Less commonly, a high white blood cell count could indicate certain blood cancers or bone marrow disorders.
2906:
1197:
to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. This causes an antibody response to be mounted. Monocytes eventually leave the bloodstream and become tissue
3865:
1424:
A range of disorders can cause decreases in white blood cells. This type of white blood cell decreased is usually the neutrophil. In this case the decrease may be called
1205:
contents and are thought to have a much longer active life. They have the kidney-shaped nucleus and are typically not granulated. They also possess abundant cytoplasm.
1395:
1585:
or toxicity. Treatment is also aimed at the underlying cause of the neutropenia. One severe consequence of neutropenia is that it can increase the risk of infection.
506:
Granulocytes are distinguished from agranulocytes by their nucleus shape (lobed versus round, that is, polymorphonuclear versus mononuclear) and by their cytoplasm
1171:
127:
2899:
3413:
3026:
2054:
Differential leucocyte count: number/ (%) of different types of leucocytes per cubic mm. of blood. Below are reference ranges for various types leucocytes.
2557:
Tak T, Tesselaar K, Pillay J, Borghans JA, Koenderman L (October 2013). "What's your age again? Determination of human neutrophil half-lives revisited".
1629:
3858:
2892:
3495:
2738:
2511:
2292:
2341:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis M, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Leukocyte also known as macrophagesfunctions and percentage breakdown".
2528:
971:
Eosinophils compose about 2–4% of white blood cells in circulating blood. This count fluctuates throughout the day, seasonally, and during
1174:(MIC-A). Decreased expression of MHC class I and up-regulation of MIC-A can happen when cells are infected by a virus or become cancerous.
3714:
1996:
3851:
2795:
2763:
2700:
2541:
2472:
2445:
2352:
2342:
2232:
479:) or by cell lineage (myeloid cells or lymphoid cells). These broadest categories can be further divided into the five main types:
4197:
3750:
2854:
2045:
1792:
1609:
1605:
374:
361:
134:
1533:
2057:
1808:
Like neutropenia, symptoms and treatment of lymphocytopenia are directed at the underlying cause of the change in cell counts.
245:
and other diseases. Types of white blood cells are granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), and agranulocytes (
4192:
381:. It is normal when it is part of healthy immune responses, which happen frequently. It is occasionally abnormal, when it is
1931:
941:
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, constituting 60–70% of the circulating leukocytes. They defend against
4135:
3673:
2041:
2027:
1923:
1880:
1625:
1365:
436:
429:
122:
2082:
1617:
1383:. There are various disorders in which the number of white blood cells is normal but the cells do not function normally.
3795:
3765:
3745:
3296:
3104:
1898:
1894:
1768:
3783:
3778:
3618:
1361:
2248:
1870:
1360:), but it also may be dysfunctionally proliferative. Proliferative disorders of white blood cells can be classed as
949:
infection. They are usually first responders to microbial infection; their activity and death in large numbers form
4021:
2070:
1754:
1613:
3488:
1539:
1282:
1278:
3358:
2878:
2600:
Pillay J, den Braber I, Vrisekoop N, Kwast LM, de Boer RJ, Borghans JA, Tesselaar K, Koenderman L (July 2010).
1115:
515:
110:
98:
2160:
2128:
3581:
1274:
4201:
3959:
3822:
3460:
3379:
3248:
1885:
1478:
1450:
1218:
202:
762:
757:
4309:
4223:
3941:
3877:
3665:
1730:
1654:
827:
507:
262:
258:
1784:
4170:
4026:
4004:
3704:
3681:
3657:
1193:) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an extra role: they present pieces of
115:
4319:
4304:
4187:
4120:
4031:
3955:
3728:
3545:
3481:
3455:
2811:
McBride JA, Dacie JV, Shapley R (February 1968). "The effect of splenectomy on the leucocyte count".
2075:
2033:
1988:
1927:
1849:
1798:
1553:
1547:
823:
357:
322:
270:
3843:
4314:
4294:
4247:
4182:
4165:
3999:
3917:
3737:
3576:
3243:
3218:
1780:
1772:
1454:
1163:
844:
2368:
2221:
Maton D, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW, Johnson S, Warner MQ, LaHart D, Wright JD, Kulkarni DV (1997).
1148:
complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated cells display MHC I.
640:
582:
4067:
3709:
3696:
3389:
2836:
2582:
2413:
1939:
1823:
1529:
1130:
infection, these T cells are the main index to identify the individual's immune system integrity.
935:
819:
370:
175:
1935:
930:
896:
Monocytes migrate from the bloodstream to other tissues and differentiate into tissue resident
884:
700:
518:
lineage). Lymphocytes can be further classified as T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.
57:
4115:
3881:
3760:
3641:
3560:
3540:
3253:
2828:
2791:
2759:
2734:
2696:
2662:
2623:
2574:
2537:
2507:
2468:
2462:
2441:
2405:
2348:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2228:
2203:
1956:
1776:
1525:
1341:
1137:
1076:
833:
39:
32:
836:: Returns the functioning of the immune system to normal operation after infection; prevents
4235:
4175:
4147:
4142:
4110:
4097:
4087:
3633:
3609:
3330:
3233:
3048:
2820:
2654:
2613:
2566:
2395:
2195:
2140:
1992:
1521:
1380:
1290:
805:
306:
210:
4130:
3625:
3279:
3068:
3000:
2308:
2108:
1966:
1802:
1788:
1713:
1636:
1594:
1474:
1429:
1270:
1222:
1155:
1123:
1103:
809:
454:
278:
1151:
401:
The name "white blood cell" derives from the physical appearance of a blood sample after
4299:
4157:
4102:
4043:
3963:
3936:
3345:
3325:
3274:
3118:
3063:
3043:
3038:
2960:
2924:
2824:
2435:
2096:
1742:
1738:
1561:
1557:
1511:
1482:
1318:
511:
424:
412:
402:
318:
222:
167:
2874:
4288:
4125:
4014:
3832:
3814:
3652:
3614:
3535:
3425:
3335:
2980:
2222:
1981:
1943:
1875:
1686:
1582:
1574:
1470:
1294:
1254:
1092:
795:
330:
325:. Historically, white blood cells were classified by their physical characteristics (
302:
298:
230:
171:
78:
2840:
2586:
2417:
1213:
241:). White blood cells are part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight
4092:
4077:
4072:
4009:
3907:
3647:
3550:
3450:
3384:
3353:
3213:
3078:
2970:
2933:
2916:
2008:
1947:
1919:
1843:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1746:
1734:
1690:
1674:
1498:
1462:
1387:
1369:
1353:
1306:
1246:
1190:
1111:
1031:
972:
901:
837:
719:
666:
476:
416:
386:
378:
326:
314:
214:
73:
2884:
2642:
2618:
2601:
103:
3827:
3530:
3525:
3127:
3010:
2051:
The normal total leucocyte count in an adult is 4000 to 11,000 per mm of blood.
2037:
1903:
1750:
1709:
1494:
1446:
1441:
1425:
1345:
1321:(Although these will often migrate to local lymph nodes upon ingesting antigens)
1286:
1226:
1167:
1096:
472:
334:
290:
282:
198:
194:
179:
2400:
2383:
2091:
1959:– occurs in 25–50% of chronic smokers and can last up to 5 years after quitting
333:), but this classification system is less frequently used now. Produced in the
4215:
3968:
3874:
3504:
3238:
3228:
3208:
3200:
3162:
3145:
3135:
3073:
2965:
2658:
2467:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 471.
1970:
1864:
1860:
1570:
1466:
1419:
1391:
1349:
1313:
1262:
1258:
1242:
1230:
1198:
1054:
966:
925:
897:
744:
627:
608:
569:
558:
537:
500:
492:
484:
480:
446:
442:
407:
390:
366:
286:
266:
254:
250:
238:
218:
183:
1189:
Monocytes, the largest type of white blood cell, share the "vacuum cleaner" (
4273:
3978:
3800:
3755:
3603:
3445:
3291:
3223:
3174:
3140:
3005:
2985:
2975:
2602:"In vivo labeling with 2H2O reveals a human neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days"
2145:
1951:
1913:
1764:
1758:
1698:
1682:
1658:
1490:
1357:
1329:
1324:
1250:
1234:
1072:
1038:
1027:
979:
731:
715:
369:. However, this 1% of the blood makes a large difference to health, because
338:
242:
234:
2666:
2627:
2578:
2409:
2207:
2199:
1340:
The two commonly used categories of white blood cell disorders divide them
2832:
633:
575:
411:, a thin, typically white layer of nucleated cells between the sedimented
17:
4263:
4048:
4036:
3994:
3948:
3912:
3569:
3520:
3418:
3312:
3191:
3179:
3155:
3150:
2938:
1890:
1670:
1621:
1502:
1407:
1403:
1373:
1298:
1266:
1238:
1202:
1194:
1184:
1119:
1107:
1068:
996:
954:
942:
871:
727:
687:
674:
657:
596:
496:
488:
382:
274:
246:
226:
187:
2643:"The human basophil: a new appreciation of its role in immune responses"
2570:
750:
4268:
4082:
3931:
3902:
3788:
3320:
3167:
1974:
1702:
1678:
1666:
1515:
1486:
1042:
1023:
1019:
693:
663:
349:
342:
310:
294:
1428:
or granulocytopenia. Less commonly, a decrease in lymphocytes (called
4240:
4228:
3973:
3924:
3591:
3555:
3512:
3408:
3284:
2948:
1694:
1662:
1399:
1082:
1064:
946:
785:
779:
619:
178:
and foreign invaders. White blood cells include three main subtypes:
1848:
Neutrophilia is an increase in the absolute neutrophil count in the
1410:, although those categories overlap and are often grouped together.
877:
140:
3363:
2869:
2056:
1642:
1145:
1144:
are known as CD8+ T cells. These cells bind antigens presented on
1014:
The movement of leukocytes in the blood, phase-contrast microscopy
1000:
984:
929:
852:
848:
813:
601:
206:
2283:(7th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri, US: Mosby Elsevier. p.
1726:
1650:
1646:
1543:
450:
373:
depends on it. An increase in the number of leukocytes over the
3847:
3477:
2888:
2756:
Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods
2754:
McPherson RA, Pincus MR, Abraham NZ, et al., eds. (2011).
348:
The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of
3473:
1984:
secreted by the tumor or invasion of bone marrow by the cancer
1141:
1133:
1127:
1099:
1088:
950:
801:
791:
1708:
Medications – chemotherapy (antilymphocyte globulin therapy,
2013:
A normal eosinophil count is considered to be less than 0.65
1379:
Another way to categorize disorders of white blood cells is
1037:
They secrete two chemicals that aid in the body's defenses:
229:. The different white blood cells are usually classified by
2309:"Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, No. 247 (03/2005)"
423:
directly reflects its description. It is derived from the
205:. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2530:
Wheater's basic histopathology: a colour atlas and text
2280:
Exploring
Medical Language: A Student-Directed Approach
2272:
2270:
1309:. These cells still serve a role in the immune system.
1166:
are able to kill cells of the body that do not display
782:: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells
31:"White blood cells" redirects here. For the album, see
2758:(22nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.
389:
in origin. A decrease below the lower limit is called
174:
that are involved in protecting the body against both
2695:(8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier.
2504:
Anatomy and
Physiology: the Unit of Form and Function
2080:
2040:
that includes the overall white blood cell count and
1122:
and perform other functions that help coordinate the
445:
may sometimes be green if there are large amounts of
2855:
Reference ranges for blood tests#White blood cells 2
2429:
2427:
193:
All white blood cells are produced and derived from
4256:
4214:
4156:
4057:
3987:
3895:
3888:
3813:
3736:
3727:
3695:
3590:
3511:
3438:
3398:
3372:
3344:
3311:
3264:
3199:
3190:
3126:
3117:
3097:
3025:
2947:
2932:
2923:
2227:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, US: Prentice Hall.
1859:Conditions with normally functioning neutrophils –
1348:
disorders) and those causing insufficient numbers (
121:
109:
97:
89:
84:
72:
67:
50:
2790:(24th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
1822:An increase in the number of white blood cells in
1402:of white blood cells can be broadly classified as
62:3D rendering of various types of white blood cells
2044:count, a count of each type of white blood cell.
2733:(8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
1112:major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II
38:"Leucocyte" redirects here. For the album, see
2693:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
2641:Falcone FH, Haas H, Gibbs BF (December 2000).
2048:specify the typical counts in healthy people.
285:. Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are
3859:
3489:
2900:
2437:Functional histology: A text and colour atlas
1991:can stimulate bone marrow. This can occur in
1170:molecules, or display stress markers such as
1106:and CD4 molecules that, in combination, bind
8:
2786:Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. (January 2012).
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2464:Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology
1102:are known as CD4+ T cells. These cells have
866:Years for memory cells, weeks for all else.
337:, white blood cells defend the body against
2434:Daniels VG, Wheater PR, Burkitt HG (1979).
2347:(4th ed.). New York: Garland Science.
1830:. This increase is most commonly caused by
393:. This indicates a weakened immune system.
3892:
3866:
3852:
3844:
3733:
3596:
3496:
3482:
3474:
3196:
3123:
3031:
2953:
2944:
2929:
2907:
2893:
2885:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
1962:Stress – exercise, surgery, general stress
1630:purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
1172:MHC class I polypeptide–related sequence A
217:, which distinguishes them from the other
56:
2877:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2853:Specific references are found in article
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2617:
2399:
2144:
2129:"Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014"
709:12–15 (slightly smaller than neutrophils)
27:Type of cells of the immunological system
2729:Kaushansky K, et al., eds. (2010).
1212:
1075:, block pathogen invasion, activate the
520:
277:. Monocytes are further subdivided into
3414:Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
2120:
2087:
253:(T cells and B cells)). Myeloid cells (
2461:Handin RI, Lux SE, Stossel TP (2003).
1560:, marrow failure, marrow replacement,
1386:Neoplasia of white blood cells can be
1356:is usually healthy (e.g., fighting an
1344:into those causing excessive numbers (
1018:Basophils are chiefly responsible for
503:. Further subtypes can be classified.
138:
47:
2506:(6 ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
1620:, immunodeficiency with short-limbed
863:NK-cells and cytotoxic (CD8+) T-cells
798:: activate and regulate T and B cells
7:
2536:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
2440:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
682:8–12 days (circulate for 4–5 hours)
3715:Mucosal associated invariant T cell
1997:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
1079:, and enhance pathogen destruction.
1026:response by releasing the chemical
679:Full of pink-orange (H&E stain)
2825:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1968.tb01489.x
2382:Orkin SH, Zon LI (February 2008).
1987:Increased destruction of cells in
651:(slightly bigger than neutrophils)
613:Fine, faintly pink (H&E stain)
25:
1140:: T cells displaying co-receptor
3751:Lymphokine-activated killer cell
2249:"Definition of white blood cell"
2188:Briefings in Functional Genomics
2102:
2090:
2046:Reference ranges for blood tests
1793:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1610:common variable immunodeficiency
1606:severe combined immunodeficiency
883:
876:
761:
756:
749:
699:
692:
639:
632:
581:
574:
135:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
405:. White cells are found in the
4193:Immunoglobulin class switching
2813:British Journal of Haematology
2527:Wheater PR, Stevens A (2002).
1604:Inherited immune deficiency –
830:immune responses; phagocytosis
360:. The normal white cell count
356:is an important subset of the
1:
2691:Kumar V, et al. (2010).
2344:Molecular Biology of the Cell
2028:White blood cell differential
2022:Counting and reference ranges
1924:juvenile idiopathic arthritis
1881:Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
1626:immunodeficiency with thymoma
1432:or lymphopenia) may be seen.
1396:tumors of the blood and lymph
367:red blood cells at 40% to 45%
213:. All white blood cells have
3796:Type 3 innate lymphoid cells
3784:Type 2 innate lymphoid cells
3779:Type 1 innate lymphoid cells
3766:Uterine natural killer cells
3746:Cytokine-induced killer cell
3105:Extramedullary hematopoiesis
2619:10.1182/blood-2010-01-259028
2559:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
1899:myeloproliferative disorders
1769:systemic lupus erythematosus
1283:Orthochromatic erythroblast
4336:
4022:Polyclonal B cell response
2401:10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.013
2071:Leukocyte-promoting factor
2025:
2006:
1904:Surgical removal of spleen
1895:chronic myelogenous (CML))
1841:
1815:
1755:protein-losing enteropathy
1592:
1540:connective tissue diseases
1439:
1417:
1279:Polychromatic erythroblast
1182:
1052:
994:
964:
923:
860:Deeply staining, eccentric
739:A few hours to a few days
449:in the sample, due to the
29:
3774:
3599:
3271:Antigen-presenting cells
3059:
3034:
2996:
2956:
2659:10.1182/blood.V96.13.4028
2384:"SnapShot: hematopoiesis"
2277:LaFleur-Brooks M (2008).
2034:complete blood cell count
1946:infections (for example,
1635:Blood cell dysfunction –
1552:Blood cell dysfunction –
1032:dilation of blood vessels
978:They primarily deal with
551:
548:
545:
542:
535:
529:
526:
523:
133:
55:
3359:Nucleated red blood cell
2915:Myeloid blood cells and
2879:Medical Subject Headings
2788:Goldman's Cecil medicine
2224:Human Biology and Health
1618:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
1116:antigen-presenting cells
516:cellular differentiation
203:hematopoietic stem cells
3823:Hematopoietic stem cell
3582:Lymphoplasmacytoid cell
3461:Hematopoietic stem cell
3380:Leukocyte extravasation
3249:Foreign-body giant cell
2133:WikiJournal of Medicine
1886:Familial cold urticaria
1812:Proliferative disorders
1479:antithyroid medications
1275:Basophilic erythroblast
1219:Hematopoietic stem cell
1154:possess an alternative
774:Large lymphocytes 12–15
4136:Tolerance in pregnancy
3878:adaptive immune system
2061:
1989:peripheral circulation
1863:neutrophilia, chronic
1850:peripheral circulation
1797:Nutritional/Dietary –
1757:, strenuous exercise,
1731:bone marrow transplant
1655:West Nile encephalitis
1641:Infectious diseases –
1632:, genetic polymorphism
1520:Intrinsic disorders –
1301:
1118:. Helper T cells make
1015:
938:
419:. The scientific term
354:white blood cell count
4171:Somatic hypermutation
4005:Polyclonal antibodies
4000:Monoclonal antibodies
3729:Innate lymphoid cells
3705:Natural killer T cell
2146:10.15347/wjm/2014.010
2060:
1965:Medication induced –
1763:Immune dysfunction –
1614:ataxia–telangiectasia
1538:Immune dysfunction –
1216:
1095:: T cells displaying
1013:
934:Neutrophil engulfing
933:
771:Small lymphocytes 7–8
4188:Junctional diversity
3956:Antigen presentation
3456:Hematopoietic system
3244:Langhans giant cells
2394:(4): 712.e1–712.e2.
2200:10.1093/bfgp/elac002
2076:List of immune cells
1928:rheumatoid arthritis
1799:alcohol use disorder
1554:megaloblastic anemia
1548:rheumatoid arthritis
1164:Natural killer cells
845:Natural killer cells
441:meaning "cell". The
434:meaning "white" and
358:complete blood count
323:natural killer cells
4183:V(D)J recombination
4166:Affinity maturation
3918:Antigenic variation
3697:Innate-like T cells
3577:Transitional B cell
3219:Alveolar macrophage
2870:Atlas of Hematology
2731:Williams hematology
2571:10.1189/jlb.1112571
1980:Cancer – either by
1871:Pelger–Huët anomaly
1781:systemic vasculitis
1583:medication overdose
1566:Any major infection
1366:lymphoproliferative
820:Gamma delta T cells
457:that they produce.
453:-containing enzyme
3390:Intrinsic immunity
3254:Touton giant cells
2502:Saladin K (2012).
2369:"The Virtual Edge"
2062:
1940:ulcerative colitis
1530:cyclic neutropenia
1465:, sulfas or other
1362:myeloproliferative
1302:
1108:antigenic peptides
1016:
939:
834:Regulatory T cells
622:and other tissue)
616:6 hours – few days
289:. Lymphoid cells (
176:infectious disease
116:H2.00.04.1.02001
4282:
4281:
4210:
4209:
3960:professional APCs
3841:
3840:
3809:
3808:
3723:
3722:
3471:
3470:
3434:
3433:
3307:
3306:
3234:Epithelioid cells
3113:
3112:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3021:
3020:
2740:978-0-07-162151-9
2513:978-0-07-337825-1
2294:978-0-323-04950-4
2255:. 2 February 2011
2167:. 2 February 2011
2018:always be found.
1957:Cigarette smoking
1909:Secondary causes
1777:myasthenia gravis
1394:. Of the various
1138:cytotoxic T cells
1077:complement system
1071:that can bind to
1011:
917:
916:
822:: bridge between
806:cytotoxic T cells
313:(subdivided into
307:cytotoxic T cells
297:(subdivided into
221:, the anucleated
154:(scientific name
152:White blood cells
149:
148:
144:
40:Leucocyte (album)
33:White Blood Cells
16:(Redirected from
4327:
4176:Clonal selection
4148:Immune privilege
4143:Immunodeficiency
4098:Cross-reactivity
4088:Hypersensitivity
3893:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3845:
3761:Adaptive NK cell
3734:
3597:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3475:
3405:Precursor cells
3331:Promegakaryocyte
3197:
3124:
3049:Promegakaryocyte
3032:
2954:
2945:
2930:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2707:
2706:
2688:
2671:
2670:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2403:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2338:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2125:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2016:
1993:hemolytic anemia
1787:-like syndrome,
1773:Sjögren syndrome
1741:, severe burns,
1725:Miscellaneous –
1701:(acute phase of
1569:Miscellaneous –
1291:Promegakaryocyte
1209:Fixed leucocytes
1104:T-cell receptors
1012:
936:anthrax bacteria
887:
880:
765:
760:
753:
703:
696:
643:
636:
585:
578:
521:
211:lymphatic system
141:edit on Wikidata
60:
51:White blood cell
48:
43:
36:
21:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4252:
4206:
4152:
4131:Clonal deletion
4059:
4053:
3983:
3884:
3872:
3842:
3837:
3805:
3770:
3719:
3691:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3637:
3629:
3622:
3586:
3564:
3507:
3502:
3472:
3467:
3430:
3394:
3373:Immune response
3368:
3346:Red blood cells
3340:
3303:
3280:Langerhans cell
3275:Dendritic cells
3260:
3186:
3109:
3085:
3069:Proerythroblast
3055:
3017:
3001:Monocytopoiesis
2992:
2936:
2919:
2913:
2866:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2710:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2674:
2653:(13): 4028–38.
2640:
2639:
2635:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2340:
2339:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2089:
2081:
2067:
2030:
2024:
2014:
2011:
2005:
1967:corticosteroids
1950:), and chronic
1936:Crohn's disease
1932:Still's disease
1855:Primary causes
1846:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1803:zinc deficiency
1789:dermatomyositis
1745:, severe acute
1714:glucocorticoids
1637:aplastic anemia
1597:
1595:Lymphocytopenia
1591:
1589:Lymphocytopenia
1534:Chédiak–Higashi
1483:anticonvulsants
1475:benzodiazepines
1444:
1438:
1430:lymphocytopenia
1422:
1416:
1372:, but many are
1338:
1319:Dendritic cells
1271:Proerythroblast
1223:Progenitor cell
1211:
1187:
1181:
1156:T cell receptor
1124:immune response
1057:
1051:
1001:
999:
993:
969:
963:
928:
922:
773:
772:
650:
617:
564:(illustration)
533:
531:
530:Approx. %
468:
463:
455:myeloperoxidase
413:red blood cells
399:
352:, and thus the
279:dendritic cells
223:red blood cells
158:), also called
145:
63:
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4162:
4160:
4158:Immunogenetics
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4106:
4105:
4103:Co-stimulation
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4044:Immune complex
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3964:Dendritic cell
3952:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3942:Conformational
3939:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3899:
3897:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:Megakaryoblast
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3119:Myeloid tissue
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3064:Erythropoiesis
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:Megakaryoblast
3039:Thrombopoiesis
3035:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2961:Granulopoiesis
2957:
2951:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2865:
2864:External links
2862:
2860:
2859:
2846:
2803:
2797:978-1437716047
2796:
2771:
2765:978-1437709742
2764:
2746:
2739:
2708:
2702:978-1416031215
2701:
2672:
2633:
2592:
2565:(4): 595–601.
2549:
2542:
2519:
2512:
2487:
2473:
2453:
2446:
2423:
2374:
2360:
2353:
2324:
2300:
2293:
2266:
2253:www.cancer.gov
2240:
2233:
2213:
2194:(3): 159–176.
2178:
2165:www.cancer.gov
2152:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2026:Main article:
2023:
2020:
2007:Main article:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1985:
1982:growth factors
1978:
1973:, β-agonists,
1969:(for example,
1963:
1960:
1954:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1842:Main article:
1839:
1836:
1816:Main article:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1761:
1743:celiac disease
1739:kidney failure
1723:
1720:
1717:
1706:
1639:
1633:
1593:Main article:
1590:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1564:
1562:acute leukemia
1558:myelodysplasia
1550:
1536:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1471:phenothiazines
1461:Medications –
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1418:Main article:
1415:
1412:
1342:quantitatively
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1210:
1207:
1183:Main article:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1131:
1093:T helper cells
1080:
1053:Main article:
1050:
1047:
995:Main article:
992:
989:
965:Main article:
962:
959:
924:Main article:
921:
918:
915:
914:
913:Hours to days
911:
908:
905:
894:
891:
888:
881:
874:
868:
867:
864:
861:
858:
857:
856:
851:-infected and
842:
841:
840:
831:
817:
812:-infected and
799:
796:T helper cells
783:
775:
769:
766:
754:
747:
741:
740:
737:
734:
725:
724:
723:
710:
707:
704:
697:
690:
684:
683:
680:
677:
672:
671:
670:
660:
652:
647:
644:
637:
630:
624:
623:
614:
611:
606:
605:
604:
599:
592:
589:
586:
579:
572:
566:
565:
562:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
534:
528:
525:
467:
464:
462:
459:
403:centrifugation
398:
395:
319:memory B cells
303:memory T cells
299:helper T cells
239:lymphoid cells
147:
146:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4332:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:Immune system
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Clonal anergy
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4015:Microantibody
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3869:
3864:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3834:
3833:Prolymphocyte
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3815:Lymphopoiesis
3812:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3653:Memory T cell
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Cytotoxic CD8
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Marginal zone
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3426:Myelomonocyte
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:Megakaryocyte
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:Kupffer cells
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Metamyelocyte
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Hematopoiesis
2922:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:(2): 225–31.
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2543:0-443-07001-6
2539:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2474:9780781719933
2470:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2447:0-443-01657-7
2443:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2354:0-8153-4072-9
2350:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2234:0-13-981176-1
2230:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:granulomatous
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:– especially
1921:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Down syndrome
1874:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:Major surgery
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:rickettsiosis
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1575:hypersplenism
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:but is often
1389:
1384:
1382:
1381:qualitatively
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:proliferative
1343:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:Kupffer cells
1300:
1296:
1295:Megakaryocyte
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Metamyelocyte
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:, Progenitor=
1220:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:molecules on
1113:
1110:presented on
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
998:
990:
988:
986:
981:
976:
974:
968:
960:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
932:
927:
919:
912:
909:
907:Kidney shaped
906:
904:in the liver.
903:
902:Kupffer cells
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
882:
879:
875:
873:
870:
869:
865:
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
832:
829:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
776:
770:
767:
764:
759:
755:
752:
748:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
733:
729:
726:
721:
717:
713:
712:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
668:
665:
661:
659:
655:
654:
653:
648:
645:
642:
638:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
615:
612:
610:
607:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
556:
555:
543:Main targets
539:
522:
519:
517:
513:
512:hematopoietic
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:agranulocytes
474:
465:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
438:
433:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
396:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:agranulocytes
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:myeloid cells
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:cells in the
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:immune system
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
142:
136:
132:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
80:
79:Immune system
77:
75:
71:
66:
59:
54:
49:
46:
41:
34:
19:
4093:Inflammation
4078:Alloimmunity
4073:Autoimmunity
4058:Immunity vs.
4010:Autoantibody
3908:Superantigen
3385:Phagocytosis
3354:Reticulocyte
3128:Granulocytes
3079:Reticulocyte
2971:Promyelocyte
2934:Myelopoiesis
2849:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2787:
2755:
2749:
2730:
2692:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2612:(4): 625–7.
2609:
2605:
2595:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2529:
2522:
2503:
2478:. Retrieved
2463:
2456:
2436:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2363:
2343:
2315:. Retrieved
2303:
2279:
2257:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2223:
2216:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2164:
2155:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2053:
2050:
2042:differential
2031:
2012:
2009:Eosinophilia
2003:Eosinophilia
1948:tuberculosis
1920:inflammation
1908:
1867:neutrophilia
1854:
1847:
1844:Neutrophilia
1838:Neutrophilia
1832:inflammation
1828:leukocytosis
1821:
1818:Leukocytosis
1807:
1747:pancreatitis
1735:hemodialysis
1729:, kidney or
1691:ehrlichiosis
1598:
1579:
1499:procainamide
1463:chemotherapy
1445:
1423:
1385:
1378:
1354:Leukocytosis
1339:
1303:
1247:Promyelocyte
1191:phagocytosis
1188:
1058:
1036:
1030:causing the
1017:
977:
973:menstruation
970:
940:
838:autoimmunity
720:inflammatory
667:inflammatory
505:
473:granulocytes
469:
435:
428:
420:
417:blood plasma
406:
400:
379:leukocytosis
375:upper limits
353:
347:
327:granulocytes
315:plasma cells
192:
180:granulocytes
163:
160:immune cells
159:
155:
151:
150:
45:
4320:Blood cells
4305:Human cells
4216:Lymphocytes
3875:Lymphocytic
3828:Lymphoblast
3526:Plasmablast
3505:Lymphocytes
3239:giant cells
3229:Osteoclasts
3209:Histiocytes
3201:Macrophages
3011:Promonocyte
2161:"leukocyte"
2139:(2). 2014.
2038:blood panel
1824:circulation
1751:sarcoidosis
1710:alemtuzumab
1669:, others),
1495:indometacin
1467:antibiotics
1447:Neutropenia
1442:Neutropenia
1436:Neutropenia
1426:neutropenia
1414:Leukopenias
1368:. Some are
1350:leukopenias
1314:Histiocytes
1287:Erythrocyte
1233:, Mo-blast=
1227:Lymphoblast
1199:macrophages
1168:MHC class I
1097:co-receptor
898:macrophages
527:Appearance
493:lymphocytes
485:eosinophils
481:neutrophils
447:neutrophils
335:bone marrow
291:lymphocytes
283:macrophages
263:eosinophils
259:neutrophils
251:lymphocytes
225:(RBCs) and
219:blood cells
199:bone marrow
195:multipotent
184:lymphocytes
164:immunocytes
85:Identifiers
4315:Immunology
4295:Leukocytes
4289:Categories
4257:Substances
4121:Peripheral
4109:Inaction:
3988:Antibodies
3969:Macrophage
3882:complement
3642:Regulatory
3615:Helper CD4
3541:Follicular
3163:Eosinophil
3146:Neutrophil
3136:Myeloblast
3074:Normoblast
2966:Myeloblast
2875:Leukocytes
2317:2 February
2116:References
1971:prednisone
1897:and other
1865:idiopathic
1861:hereditary
1826:is called
1571:starvation
1526:Kostmann's
1420:Leukopenia
1374:neoplastic
1370:autoimmune
1325:Mast cells
1281:, Ortho-E=
1263:Eosinophil
1259:Neutrophil
1243:Myeloblast
1231:Lymphocyte
1225:, L-blast=
1152:γδ T cells
1069:antibodies
1055:Lymphocyte
1049:Lymphocyte
987:staining.
967:Eosinophil
961:Eosinophil
926:Neutrophil
920:Neutrophil
745:Lymphocyte
736:Large blue
628:Eosinophil
609:Multilobed
570:Neutrophil
559:micrograph
536:Diameter (
501:phagocytic
443:buffy coat
408:buffy coat
391:leukopenia
387:autoimmune
383:neoplastic
377:is called
362:is usually
339:infections
293:) include
287:phagocytic
267:mast cells
257:) include
255:myelocytes
156:leukocytes
90:Acronym(s)
18:Leucocytes
4274:Cytolysin
4264:Cytokines
4111:Tolerance
4060:tolerance
3979:Immunogen
3801:LTi cells
3756:Null cell
3604:Thymocyte
3446:Phagocyte
3313:Platelets
3292:Monoblast
3224:Microglia
3192:Monocytes
3175:Mast cell
3141:Band cell
3006:Monoblast
2986:Band cell
2976:Myelocyte
1952:hepatitis
1914:Infection
1765:arthritis
1759:carcinoma
1719:Radiation
1699:parasitic
1683:pneumonia
1671:bacterial
1659:hepatitis
1522:Fanconi's
1510:Toxins –
1507:Radiation
1503:thiazides
1491:quinidine
1455:intrinsic
1408:lymphomas
1404:leukemias
1392:malignant
1358:infection
1336:Disorders
1330:Microglia
1277:, poly-E=
1273:, Baso-E=
1253:, Meta-M=
1251:Myelocyte
1235:Monoblast
1203:lysosomal
1195:pathogens
1120:cytokines
1073:pathogens
1039:histamine
1028:histamine
980:parasitic
955:lysosomes
943:bacterial
732:tri-lobed
722:responses
716:histamine
669:responses
662:Modulate
658:parasites
618:(days in
552:Lifetime
549:Granules
532:in adults
514:lineage (
497:monocytes
489:basophils
421:leukocyte
397:Etymology
275:monocytes
271:basophils
247:monocytes
243:infection
233:lineage (
227:platelets
201:known as
188:monocytes
4224:Cellular
4068:Immunity
4066:Action:
4049:Paratope
4037:Idiotype
4027:Allotype
3995:Antibody
3949:Mimotope
3913:Allergen
3896:Antigens
3889:Lymphoid
3789:Nuocytes
3738:NK cells
3570:B10 cell
3419:CFU-GEMM
3180:CFU-Mast
3156:CFU-Baso
3151:Basophil
2939:CFU-GEMM
2841:45703201
2667:11110670
2628:20410504
2587:40113921
2579:23625199
2418:26791665
2410:18295585
2259:15 March
2208:35265979
2171:20 April
2109:Medicine
2065:See also
1918:Chronic
1891:Leukemia
1785:Behçet's
1622:dwarfism
1516:benzenes
1451:acquired
1299:Platelet
1269:, Pro-E=
1267:Basophil
1245:, Pro-M=
1239:Monocyte
1185:Monocyte
1179:Monocyte
1020:allergic
997:Basophil
991:Basophil
872:Monocyte
828:adaptive
728:Bi-lobed
714:Release
688:Basophil
675:Bi-lobed
664:allergic
597:Bacteria
546:Nucleus
508:granules
466:Overview
415:and the
371:immunity
4269:Opsonin
4248:NK cell
4236:Humoral
4116:Central
4083:Allergy
4032:Isotype
3932:Epitope
3903:Antigen
3592:T cells
3521:B1 cell
3513:B cells
3321:CFU-Meg
3168:CFU-Eos
3098:General
2833:5635603
2480:18 June
2097:Biology
2083:Portals
1975:lithium
1703:malaria
1679:typhoid
1667:measles
1512:alcohol
1487:quinine
1449:can be
1400:cancers
1083:T cells
1065:B cells
1043:heparin
1024:antigen
786:T cells
780:B cells
656:Larger
350:disease
343:disease
321:), and
311:B cells
295:T cells
170:of the
104:D007962
68:Details
4241:B cell
4229:T cell
3974:B cell
3937:Linear
3925:Hapten
3536:Memory
3531:Plasma
3451:Plasma
3409:CFU-GM
3285:CFU-DL
2949:CFU-GM
2917:plasma
2881:(MeSH)
2839:
2831:
2794:
2762:
2737:
2699:
2665:
2626:
2585:
2577:
2540:
2510:
2471:
2444:
2416:
2408:
2351:
2291:
2231:
2206:
1695:sepsis
1663:herpes
1388:benign
947:fungal
855:cells.
824:innate
816:cells.
649:12–15
620:spleen
495:, and
427:roots
273:, and
249:, and
215:nuclei
166:, are
74:System
4300:Blood
3648:NaĂŻve
3556:Pre-B
3551:NaĂŻve
3439:Other
3399:Other
3364:CFU-E
3265:Other
2837:S2CID
2647:Blood
2606:Blood
2583:S2CID
2534:(PDF)
2414:S2CID
2312:(PDF)
2036:is a
1643:viral
1146:MHC I
1126:. In
1067:make
985:eosin
893:15–30
853:tumor
849:virus
814:tumor
810:virus
602:Fungi
591:12–15
524:Type
461:Types
425:Greek
207:blood
168:cells
139:[
128:62852
3880:and
3608:αβ (
3565:cell
2829:PMID
2792:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2663:PMID
2624:PMID
2575:PMID
2538:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2482:2013
2469:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2406:PMID
2388:Cell
2349:ISBN
2319:2014
2289:ISBN
2261:2023
2229:ISBN
2204:PMID
2173:2023
2032:The
1995:and
1727:ECMO
1651:SARS
1647:AIDS
1544:AIDS
1406:and
1364:and
1217:HSC=
1041:and
1022:and
910:None
890:5.3%
826:and
718:for
706:0.4%
646:2.3%
451:heme
430:leuk
341:and
329:and
317:and
281:and
231:cell
209:and
186:and
99:MeSH
4202:HLA
4198:MHC
3563:reg
3297:MPS
3027:MEP
2821:doi
2655:doi
2614:doi
2610:116
2567:doi
2396:doi
2392:132
2285:398
2196:doi
2141:doi
1697:),
1453:or
1352:).
1142:CD8
1134:CD8
1128:HIV
1100:CD4
1089:CD4
951:pus
945:or
802:CD8
792:CD4
768:30%
730:or
588:62%
475:or
437:cyt
385:or
309:),
237:or
162:or
123:FMA
93:WBC
4291::
3962::
3710:γδ
3684:VM
3676:RM
3668:EM
3660:CM
3640:/
3638:17
3632:/
3624:/
3621:FH
3617:/
2835:.
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2817:14
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2711:^
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1930:,
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1677:,
1675:TB
1665:,
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1136:+
1091:+
1085::
900:,
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808::
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561:)
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538:ÎĽm
491:,
487:,
483:,
305:,
301:,
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261:,
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111:TH
4200:/
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3867:e
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42:.
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