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1910 Chief Louis described the attachment to the land and village to McDougall, who reported that "Land, Cash, and farm equipment" would be needed to overcome resistance, and the band was considered to be averse to a sale. McDougall met with Chief Louis again in
December 1910 offering $ 68,300 ($ 50/acre) but Chief Louis told McDougall that "they could not in their present mind surrender this reserve". A vote was held at a meeting two days later with members of the Band over age 21. the vote approved the surrender of the reserve land 12–11, but Chief Louis asked to talk with his people and the Band did not consider the vote final. The Band appointed Oblate Missionary E.C Bellot as an emissary to Ottawa with a larger cash demand of $ 1000 per acre, which was refused by DIA representatives. Upon return to Fort George, a new vote by the Band unanimously turned down the sale. During this time, the business developers of Fort George Townsite opposed the sale of the reserve lands as it would lead to its rival building a competing town while South Fort George, which was built close to the old HBC Post and the village, welcomed the railway and its townsite.
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had wanted to relocated the
Lheidli T'enneh to a safer area where they would be away from settlers and could be schooled in agriculture and in religion. Coccola suggested to the band that "if it tolerated intoxicating liquor and moral disorders, he would be the first to insist to have them removed". Coccola made several statements that he would convince or persuade the Band to relocate if they refused offers, and even involved himself in pricing amounts that could be offers to the Lheidli T'enneh. With several offers and refusals, the Lheidli T'enneh saw a split in support for a land sale. Chief Louis favored the surrender of the land, but Joseph Quah, an influential leader in the Band, wanted a higher price.
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by June 1912. The vote for this agreement saw 32 in favor and one against, and three abstentions. The timeline was difficult to keep as new buildings had to be constructed. Delays in contracts being awarded by the government to build a new village meant that few could move by the deadline and Band members planted crops needed later in the year. The June 1912 payment was withheld as the DIA saw the planting as refusal to leave. Chief Louis argued that the agreement stated that the payment was to be made in June and was not contingent on relocation. Winter was also coming and the crops would be needed if the new village was not built or supplies given to the Band.
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Reserve was established, the footprint of which would later become the land wanted and acquired by the Grand Trunk pacific
Railway to build its Prince George townsite. The Fort George Reserve No.1 encompassed 1366 acres. Three other reserve sites were also surveyed around the region. The land was considered to be agriculturally worthless and remote enough to not interfere the development. Census in the 1890s there were 29 houses with 124 residents in the village. People living in the village relied on hunting, fishing, and trapping and had also cultivated garden patches as trade with the HBC post diminished.
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remaining houses and the village will disappear quietly in a cloud of smoke". Indian Agent W. J. MacAllan's accounts of the situation reveal a need on his part and the part of the GTP to strong arm the bandmembers out, targeting two cabins in the village that were empty as the residents were away hinting "I knew that to set fire to the cabins would cause a flare up of intense excitement and give me the break I needed, for a crisis had to be created before the deadlock could be broken".
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Lheidli T'enneh's interests but also supported railway development. By 1910 the DIA agent in the area was concerned about the influence of white settlers on the
Lheidli T'enneh, including the supply of liquor to the village and that "civilization has overtaken them too rapidly" DIA Indian Agent John McDougall however saw that the Lheidli T'enneh had come to see the value of the land and employed that in negotiations.
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On
February 9, 2007, the Treaty 8 First Nations launched a legal challenge of the ratification of Lheidli T'enneh treaty. The Treaty 8 First Nations asserted that Canada, British Columbia and the Lheidli T'enneh did not adequately consult them about the overlap of the Lheidli T'enneh treaty area and
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The new village was completed in 1913 with Band members moving there in
September. The old village was destroyed "to force the Indians away" and ensure that it was not reoccupied. The Fort George Herald reported the destruction of the old village as "the torch of the white man will be thrust into the
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identified the
Reserve No.1 land as an ideal area for a railway and station site, and attempted to claim all the 1366 acres as needed for railway purposes, and thus circumvent negotiations with the Department of Indian Affairs. This was rejected. The Department of Indian Affairs wished to protect the
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The site of
Reserve No.2 (Shelley) was much further away from the new Prince George townsite and other communities. The land was not particularly fertile for agriculture and the Band suffered economically. The site of the old village and the HBC post would become Fort George Park. The Cemetery would
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On 18 November 1911, The Fort George Indian Band eventually agreed to sell the
Reserve No.1 lands for $ 125,000 (one quarter to be paid immediately) which included $ 25,000 for construction on reserve No.2 and No.3 and the preservation of the original village cemetery. The band committed to relocate
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W.J. MacAllan took on the negotiations with assistance from
Reverend Father Coccola. Father Coccola conflicted role as he had interests in the well-being of the Lheidli T'enneh but was also negotiating on behalf of the railway company which might connect to his mission on Stuart Lake. Father Coccola
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Between 1908 and 1911 several offers for the acquisition of the Reserve No.1 lands were made by the GTP and others such as Charles Millar (of BC Express) who wanted to develop the land. The Department of Indian Affairs in conjunction with railroad representatives made several offers for the land. In
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people. Their traditional language, now spoken only by a few people, is a dialect of the Carrier language. The Lheidli T'enneh did not have permanent settlements in what is modern day Prince George until the arrival of the HBC post Fort George. Temporary and seasonal settlements were used across the
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In 2017, 11 human remains were found in an area of the park being developed for a new shelter. The area where remains were found is outside the fence line of the established Cemetery (reserve No.1A), but the fence line of the cemetery is disputed, and remains are likely to be found in a large area
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The Northwest Company established a trading post near the confluence of the Nechako and Fraser rivers in the early 1820s. The Northwest Company and Husdon's Bay Company merged in 1821. First Nations in the area were expected to bring furs to the post in exchange for goods. This original post was
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in October 2018. The explosion forced about 100 members of the Band to evacuate their homes, even though nobody was hurt in the explosion, and no property was damaged apart from the pipeline itself. In 2019, the First Nation filed a lawsuit seeking a permanent injunction which would prevent
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First Nations who traded with the HBC post soon developed a permanent settlement close to Fort George trading post along the Fraser river towards the confluence. In 1839 a census of the Lheidli village recorded 75 men, 50 women and 62 children for a total of 187. in 1883 the Fort George Indian
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undertook a "Lheidli T’enneh Communications Probe" to determine why the treaty was not ratified. This included a survey carried out by the Mustel Group, a marketing and public opinion research firm based in
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The Lheidli T'enneh band members did not ratify the treaty in a treaty ratification vote held on March 30, 2007. In the vote 123 people voted against the treaty and 111 voted in favour of it.
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In 2015, Prince George City Council voted in favor of renaming Fort George Park, which is the location of the original HBC post and Lheidli T'enneh village, to Lheidli T'enneh Memorial Park.
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Members of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation in north-central B.C. have voted against a treaty that would have provided them with land, resource rights and the power to self-govern.
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Enbridge from operating the pipeline in their territory and reserves, and require the company to dismantle the pipeline and restore the affected lands to their natural state.
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In June 2018, the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation voted against a proposed treaty with the federal and provincial governments, which would have granted self-governance powers.
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closed in 1824 but rebuilt in 1829 further down the Fraser river. The HBC Fort George Trading post was part of a series of HBC posts in the north.
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665:""You Don't Suppose the Dominion Government Wants to Cheat the Indians?": The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and the Fort George Reserve, 1908-12"
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499:. The Lheidli T'enneh were the Official Host First Nation, the first time the Games acknowledged a First Nations as a formal partner.
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preventing the ratification of the treaty until such time as the parties resolves the issues of the overlap. Justice Wilson of the
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traditional territory and archeological evidence of fishing camps along the Nechako and Fraser rivers as well as the Beaverly area.
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782:"'It was huge': Enbridge gas pipeline ruptures, sparking massive fire and evacuation north of Prince George, B.C. | Financial Post"
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Roman Catholic priests and Oblate missionaries from other posts in the region visited the Lheidli T'enneh often.
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George, N. D. "Decolonizing the Empathic Settler Mind: An Autoethnographic Inquiry". Antioch University, 2014.
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case. It remains for the treaty to be ratified by a vote of Lheidli T'enneh band members, by the
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There are over 700 members of the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation. Many also live off the reserve.
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On October 29, 2006, the Lheidli T'enneh became the first people to initiate a treaty with
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In November 2019, the Lheidli T'enneh hosted their first potlatch (Balhat) in 73 years.
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The City of Prince George, as part of its 100th anniversary celebrations, hosted the
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The Lheidli T'enneh nation is currently preparing for another ratification vote.
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The Lheidli T'enneh First Nation was affected by an explosion on the
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denied the plaintiff's application for an interlocutory injunction.
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760:"Lheidli T'enneh First Nation votes no to government treaty"
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49 males, 47 females on reserve. Remainder live off reserve
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847:"Lheidli T'enneh Nation hosts first potlatch in 73 years"
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Main Office: 1041 Whenun Road, Prince George, BC, V2K 5X8
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Lheidli T'enneh Hubughunek (Fort George Carrier Lexicon)
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people whose traditional territory includes the City of
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Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
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912:Tribal council seeks to delay treaty ratification
706:. Host First Nations Secretariat. Archived from
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306:for the Lheidli T'enneh, a subgroup of the
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917:PDF - BC Treaty Commission calls For Probe
731:"Welcome to Lheidli T'enneh Memorial Park"
359:Acquisition of Reserve No.1 by the Railway
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944:BC Treaty Commission Lheidli T'enneh page
595:Archaeologists find artifacts in Beaverly
575:"Registered Population - Lheidli T'enneh"
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
465:A similar challenge was launched by the
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729:Evelyn, Charelle (Jun 15, 2015).
663:Vogt, D. and Gamble D.A. (2010).
475:In response to this outcome, the
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129:Place in British Columbia, Canada
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744:Migdal ·, Alex (Jul 29, 2017).
425:British Columbia Treaty Process
312:Prince George, British Columbia
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882:. Prince George: the author.
423:within the framework of the
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136:Lheidli T'enneh First Nation
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427:created in response to the
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1033:Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation
934:Lheidli Carrier Dictionary
880:A History of Prince George
593:Prince George Free Press.
469:Nation on March 12, 2007.
411:The Lheidli T'enneh Treaty
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1038:Wet'suwet'en First Nation
611:"Lheidli T'enneh website"
503:Fort George Park renaming
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1092:Cheslatta Carrier Nation
929:Lheidli T'enneh web site
497:2015 Canada Winter Games
456:interlocutory injunction
329:The Lheidli T'enneh are
1023:Takla Lake First Nation
1018:Stellat'en First Nation
681:10.14288/bcs.v0i166.288
583:. Government of Canada.
338:19th and 20th centuries
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220:Pacific Time Zone (PTZ)
876:Runnals, Francis Edwin
452:Treaty 8 First Nations
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66:"Lheidli T'enneh Band"
1102:Yekooche First Nation
1071:Red Bluff Indian Band
1061:Ulkatcho First Nation
988:Carrier First Nations
511:around the Cemetery.
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318:referring to how the
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176:First Nations Council
1097:Lheidli T'enneh Band
1013:Saik'uz First Nation
949:First Nation Profile
907:reasons for judgment
529:Enbridge BC Pipeline
289:Lheidli T'enneh Band
51:improve this article
18:Lheidli T'enneh
1122:Witset First Nation
1066:Kluskus Indian Band
780:News (2018-10-10).
491:Canada Winter Games
437:Canadian Parliament
1143:Dakelh governments
1112:Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band
1087:Nazko First Nation
1056:Toosey Indian Band
806:has generic name (
710:on 20 October 2015
536:Potlatch (Balhats)
523:Pipeline explosion
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291:also known as the
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766:. June 24, 2018.
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597:12 Jul 2007
550:Kym Gouchie
322:enters the
851:PG Citizen
832:2019-04-11
787:2019-03-17
669:BC Studies
561:References
454:sought an
429:Delgamuukw
189:Population
168:Government
77:newspapers
675:: 55–72.
482:Vancouver
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211:Time zone
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878:(1946).
866:(1999).
796:cite web
764:CBC News
714:15 March
445:Treaty 8
272:.lheidli
157:Province
331:Carrier
299:is the
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247:V2K 5X8
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450:The
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