327:(1525–1582), who controlled the Ming government during the first 10 years of the Wanli reign. Together, Zhang and the emperor granted Li and his sons "titles and responsibilities never before enjoyed by hereditary military officials." In addition to receiving stipends from the Ming capital, Li enhanced his wealth through "war booty, horse rustling in the borderlands, and coercive manipulation of prices in border markets."
279:
who was also siding with the Ming troops under the command of Li
Chengliang. Li Chengliang fostered and protected Nurhaci, Taksi's son. With Li's support, Nurhaci gradually grew his strength in the following years. Early in 1583,
275:) raided Ming lands. Ming sent a punitive expedition, which Giocangga and Taksi supported. In the ensuing assault on Atai's fort, and under unclear circumstances, both Giocangga and Taksi were killed, by rival Jurchen leader
152:
in the Ming empire's northeast), Li suffered from poverty during his childhood. It was not until he reached the age of 40 that he received an official appointment, but he eventually became
Liaodong Regional Commander
176:
migrated east and often harassed the
Liaodong region. Li's first tenure as Liaodong Regional General saw five victories against the Chahar. For these victories, in 1579 he was named "Earl of
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in 1573. The Ming sent a punitive expedition that drove Wang north into the lands of another
Jurchen tribe, the Hada, where he was captured by Wang Tai, leader of the
544:
505:
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1581 (Wanli 9): Tümen Khan gathered nine tribes totaling a hundred thousand men and horses and attacked
Liaodong with the intention of reaching Beijing.
644:
269:, who had been subjects to Wang Gao's authority, secretly allied themselves with Li Chengliang to enhance their power. In 1582 Wang Gao's son Atai (
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351:參將) for the Ming. Li Rusong would eventually be executed by the Mongols, and Li Rubai committed suicide when he lost to Nurhaci.
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639:
649:
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Wang Gao's death intensified the power struggles that were already taking place between
Jianzhou Jurchen chieftains.
308:, was that the Ming, "with no justification whatsoever, violated our borders and killed my father and grandfather."
552:
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295:
490:
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1579 (Wanli 7): Tümen Khan attacked the Yizhou / Jinzhou region and besieged
Guangning 廣寧 (modern-day
634:
629:
592:
Ryor, Kathleen (2004), "Regulating the Qi and the Xin: Xu Wei (1521-1593) and His
Military Patrons",
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1580 (Wanli 8): Tümen Khan gathered 40,000 cavalry, each horse tailing a cattle and three sheep.
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164:. Li served two terms as Liaodong Regional Commander, for 22 years and 8 years respectively.
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93:
566:
Robinson, David M. (2013), "Military labor in China, c. 1500", in Zürcher, Erik-Jan (ed.),
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obtained from Li
Chengliang the right to succeed his father as a minor Jurchen chieftain.
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24:
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Later Li
Chengliang gave Nikan Wailan to Nurhaci in 1587, who beheaded him immediately.
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Through a series of alliances and military victories, Nurhaci eventually managed to
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Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000
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led over a hundred thousand cavalry troops to attack and pillage the
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258:, and handed over to Li Chengliang, who executed him in 1575.
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He was charged with maintaining peaceful relations with the
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under his own leadership. Having named himself khan of the
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570:, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, pp. 43–80,
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1578 (Wanli 6): Tümen Khan attacked again, this time in
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Li Chengliang enjoyed the patronage and support of the
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450:and the Formalization of the Manchu Heritage",
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302:against the Ming, promulgated in 1618 as a
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347:總兵) and "assistant regional commanders" (
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168:Military career against the Mongols
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645:Chinese people of Korean descent
320:(r. 1572–1620) and his powerful
200:regions, but was defeated by Li.
157:) with the backing of the Chief
527:——— (1943).
488:Fang, Chao-ying (房兆楹) (1943).
335:Of Li Chengliang's nine sons,
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1:
557:: CS1 maint: date and year (
518:: CS1 maint: date and year (
140:Born in a military family in
73:1615 (aged 88–89)
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452:Journal of Asian Studies
292:unify all Jurchen tribes
184:1575 (third year of the
491:"Li Ch'êng-liang"
655:Generals from Liaoning
640:Ming dynasty generals
606:10.1484/aaa.2004.0003
594:Archives of Asian Art
535:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
496:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
444:Crossley, Pamely Kyle
225:Jianzhou Jurchen war
650:People from Tieling
448:Manzhou yuanliu kao
114:: 이성량; 1526–1615),
547:. pp. 594–99.
508:. pp. 450–52.
172:In the 1570s, the
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296:Later Jin dynasty
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427:Robinson 2013
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128:(引城), was a
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82:Ming dynasty
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21:Chinese name
635:1615 deaths
630:1526 births
437:Works cited
331:Descendants
305:casus belli
25:family name
624:Categories
385:Fang 1943b
368:Fang 1943a
240:chieftain
190:Tümen Khan
148:province,
136:Early life
78:Allegiance
600:: 23–33,
482:162618002
446:(1987), "
415:Ryor 2004
355:Footnotes
337:Li Rusong
312:Patronage
263:Giocangga
132:general.
614:20111314
349:canjiang
345:zongbing
341:Li Rubai
242:Wang Gao
233:tribes.
205:Liaoyang
188:reign):
178:Ningyuan
150:Liaodong
146:Liaoning
126:Yincheng
123:art name
64:Liaoning
60:Liaodong
19:In this
537:(ed.).
498:(ed.).
474:2057101
282:Nurhaci
231:Jurchen
212:Beining
198:Jinzhou
142:Tieling
94:Chinese
56:Tieling
612:
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252:Fushun
194:Yizhou
121:(汝契),
112:Korean
104:pinyin
62:, now
23:, the
610:JSTOR
582:JSTOR
533:. In
494:. In
478:S2CID
470:JSTOR
267:Taksi
186:Wanli
572:ISBN
559:link
520:link
236:The
196:and
155:遼東總兵
119:Ruqi
70:Died
53:1526
50:Born
602:doi
460:doi
99:李成梁
43:李成梁
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