761:). He instructed them to only be concerned about the general policies of the prefectural governments, and to entrust the implementation to the secretaries general and the military advisors. Meanwhile, the princes offered the mansions that they (and Emperor Xuanzong) had previously lived in the Xingqing District (興慶坊) of Chang'an to be the location of a new palace for Emperor Xuanzong, and Emperor Xuanzong accepted and converted the mansions into Xingqing Palace (興慶宮). He built new mansions for the princes near the palace.
753:). Li Chengqi was praised for being humble and careful, and Emperor Xuanzong was therefore respectful and trusting of him. Nevertheless, the officials were concerned that Li Chengqi, Li Shouli, and Li Chengyi (who was also older than Emperor Xuanzong) would become centers of conspiracies, and therefore requested that they be sent out of the capital to be prefects. In 714, Emperor Xuanzong agreed and sent the three princes out of the capital, and Li Chengqi became the prefect of Qi Prefecture (岐州, roughly modern
737:(太尉) (also one of the Three Excellencies). It was said that thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong tried to show his love toward his brothers—Li Chengqi, Li Chengyi (李成義) the Prince of Shen, Li Fan (李範) the Prince of Qi, Li Ye (李業) the Prince of Xue—as well as his cousin Li Shouli, who was raised with them, established rooms for them inside the palace to allow them to stay overnight whenever they wished. Emperor Xuanzong and the five princes often spent time together in various activities—discussing
729:
challenge to
Emperor Xuanzong's authority. In 713, Emperor Xuanzong, believing that Princess Taiping was about to, along with officials and generals loyal to her, start a coup to overthrow him, acted first, killing officials and generals close to her and then forcing her to commit suicide. Thereafter, Emperor Ruizong transferred full imperial authorities to Emperor Xuanzong, who subsequently conferred on Li Chengqi the honorific titles
563:. The former Emperor Zhongzong, whom Wu Zetian had recalled from exile in 698 and to whom Li Dan had subsequently yielded the position of heir apparent, was restored to the throne. He gave Li Chengqi's father Li Dan great honors and created Li Chengqi the greater title of Prince of Cai, but Li Chengqi declined this greater title and thereafter continued to be Prince of Shouchun.
653:
believing that given his youth (25 at that time) he would be easy to control. However, she soon found him to be strong-willed and difficult to control, and she secretly considered finding some way to replace him with Li
Chengqi or Li Shouli (who also could potentially have a legitimate claim for succession given that he was the senior son of
617:—who had been part of Li Longji's coup plans—Emperor Ruizong agreed and created Li Longji crown prince. Li Longji submitted a petition offering to yield to Li Chengqi, but Emperor Ruizong rejected it. Li Chengqi was subsequently made a senior advisor to Li Longji, the prefect of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern
494:. In 684, after Emperor Zhongzong showed signs of independence, she deposed him and replaced him with Li Chengqi's father Li Dan (as Emperor Ruizong), but thereafter held onto power even more firmly. After Emperor Ruizong's ascension, Li Chengqi was created crown prince, and his mother Princess Liu was created
807:
Li Xian died near the new year 742. Emperor
Xuanzong greatly mourned him, and, pointing out that Li Xian was initially the proper imperial heir, posthumously honored Li Xian as Emperor Rang and buried him with honors due an emperor. He also posthumously honored Li Xian's wife Princess Yuan as Empress
605:
If the state were secure, then consideration should be first given to the oldest son of the
Empress. If the state were in danger, then consideration should be first given for achievement and ability. If you did not follow this principle, the people of the entire empire will be disappointed. I would
514:
In 690, Empress
Dowager Wu had Emperor Ruizong yield the throne to her, establishing a new Zhou dynasty as Empress Regnant and interrupting Tang dynasty. Emperor Ruizong was reduced to crown prince, while Li Chengqi was reduced to the title of "imperial grandson" (皇孫). For a while, Li Chengqi and his
771:
On 26 October 719, Li Xian's title was changed to Prince of Ning. Around that time, there was an incident in which
Emperor Xuanzong, while on a skyway overseeing the palace, saw a guard who did not finish his meal but instead dumped some of the food in a hole. Angry that the guard was wasting food,
804:. As the years went by, Emperor Xuanzong's brothers died one by one, with only Li Xian still remaining, and it was said that Emperor Xuanzong valued him even more. Whenever there were tributes submitted by the prefectures and the vassal states, he would always send some of the tributes to Li Xian.
713:
and again served as Li Longji's advisor. In turn, Li Longji offered to yield the crown prince position to Li
Chengqi, an offer that Emperor Ruizong again declined. In 712, Emperor Ruizong passed the throne to Li Longji, who took the throne as Emperor Xuanzong, although Emperor Ruizong continued to
652:
Princess
Taiping, who had already been powerful both in governance matters and in court conspiracies during Emperor Zhongzong's reign, and especially she became close to absolute power after Emperor Ruizong's return to the throne, had initially acquiesced to Li Longji's ascension as crown prince,
578:
the Prince of Wen, emperor (as
Emperor Shang), but took power as empress dowager, and as part of a number of honors that she conferred on various persons to try to pacify them, Li Chengqi was created the greater title of Prince of Song. Less than a month later, however, a coup led by Li Chengqi's
776:
Your
Imperial Majesty had discovered this person's fault from a skyway. If you kill him, I am afraid that everyone will be fearful for himself. Moreover, the reason why Your Imperial Majesty despises wasting food is because food can be used to sustain life. Now, if you kill because of wasting
728:
Meanwhile, Princess Taiping continued to highly influential in governmental matters through Emperor Ruizong, and most chancellors, commanders of the imperial guards, officials and generals were her associates. Therefore, the survival of her power was an obvious dangerous threat and an undeniable
781:
Emperor Xuanzong agreed and stated, "If not for you, big brother, I would have killed excessively." He ordered the guard released. Later that day, at a feast, Emperor Xuanzong, in gladness, took off his belt, made of red jade, and awarded it to Li Xian, along with his own horse.
526:
Wei Tuan'er (韋團兒). While Wu Zetian soon discovered that Wei Tuan'er's accusations were false (and executed her), Li Chengqi and his younger brothers were still reduced in their titles and were, along with their cousins Li Guangshun (李光順) the Prince of Yifeng,
445:
According to historical records, Li Chengqi was close to his younger brother, Li Longji (later Emperor Xuanzong), and was never ambitious. Despite his never having been emperor, he was posthumously honored as an emperor by Emperor Xuanzong.
587:
the Prince of Linzi killed Empress Dowager Wei and Princess Anle. Princess Taiping subsequently ordered Emperor Shang to yield the throne to Li Dan, who initially declined, but under persuasion by Li Chengqi and Li Longji, accepted.
515:
younger brothers were allowed to establish residences outside the palace, and Li Chengqi was given a staff. As Wu Zetian changed Li Dan's surname to Wu, Li Chengqi also carried the surname of Wu during Wu Zetian's reign.
502:), she had Emperor Ruizong and Li Chengqi offer sacrifices after her. She also had them offer sacrifices after her when she, in 689, offered sacrifices to the god of heaven, the past emperors of Tang dynasty, her father
600:
principles of succession, but Li Longji had been the one whose accomplishments had allowed him to retake the throne. He hesitated. Li Chengqi declined consideration to be crown prince—stating to his father:
665:, who supported Li Longji and wanted to eliminate doubt in people's minds about who would succeed Emperor Ruizong, Emperor Ruizong made Li Chengqi the prefect of Tong Prefecture (同州, roughly modern
535:(note different character), whom Empress Dowager Wu had forced to commit suicide in 684), held under house arrest in the palace. (In Li Chengqi's case, his title was reduced to Prince of Shouchun.)
596:
Emperor Ruizong was immediately faced with the issue of whom to make crown prince—as Li Chengqi, as the oldest son overall and the oldest son of his wife, was the appropriate heir under
709:, or Ashina Mochuo's son Ashina Yangwozhi (阿史那楊我支) (although Princess Jinshan would ultimately not be married to either). Soon thereafter, Li Chengqi resigned the honorific title of
797:. Before Li Qing, Consort Wu had several children, but all died in infancy. As such, he was raised in Li Xian's household, and Li Xian's wife Lady Yuan became his milk mother.
772:
he ordered that the guard be battered to death. None of Emperor Xuanzong's attendants dared to speak. However, Li Xian, who was present, calmly stated to Emperor Xuanzong:
1879:
1899:
764:
In 716, because Emperor Xuanzong's mother Consort Dou had been posthumously honored Empress Zhaocheng, Li Chengqi and Li Chengyi, in order to observe
498:. In 688, when Empress Dowager Wu held a grand ceremony to offer sacrifices to the god of the Luo River (洛水, which flowed near the eastern capital
1889:
1904:
816:. Li Xian's foster son Li Qing also requested Xuanzong that he be allowed to don mourning clothing; Xuanzong acceded to the request.
693:). However, after Princess Taiping found out and objected, the plan was cancelled, and Song and Yao were demoted out of the capital
566:
Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly in 710—a death that traditional historians believed to be a murder carried out by his powerful wife
741:, writing poetry, drinking, gambling, gaming, hunting, and playing music (and Li Chengqi, in particular, was known for playing the
1894:
901:
435:
785:
In 721, Li Xian became the minister of rites, a post that he served in until 726, when he again took on the honorific title
430:(Emperor Xuanzong) during Emperor Ruizong's second reign. Li Chengqi had a number of children, including his oldest son,
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1849:
1845:
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1837:
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1825:
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It is likely that Chengqi saw the similarity in the situations between him and Longji and between his great-granduncle
697:. Later in 711, Emperor Ruizong created a daughter of Li Chengqi the Princess Jinshan and offered to marry her to the
768:, changed their names—Li Chengqi to Li Xian (note different character than his uncle) and Li Chengyi to Li Hui (李撝).
1884:
1589:
838:
611:
567:
463:
208:
475:
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427:
1708:
was ordinarily not considered a position for a chancellor any more. However, the table of chancellors in the
1814:
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1141:
1027:
972:
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459:
455:
423:
265:
253:
198:
92:
1803:
946:
849:
575:
431:
312:
143:
518:
Things appeared to change in 693, however, after Li Chengqi's mother Crown Princess Liu and Li Dan's
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1869:
738:
646:
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138:
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407:
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379:
367:
230:
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Li Chengqi wept and begged to yield for several days, and after further persuasion by the
523:
487:
164:
1820:
716:
531:
the Prince of Yong, and Li Shouyi (李守義) the Prince of Yong'an (the sons of their uncle
1777:
day of the same month and year, which corresponds to 7 Jun 733 in the Julian calendar.
1743:
day of the same month and year, which corresponds to 5 Nov 719 in the Julian calendar.
482:(as Emperor Zhongzong), but actual power was in the hands of Li Chengqi's grandmother
1863:
706:
702:
571:
544:
272:
159:
Li Chengqi (李成器) for most of his life, formerly Wu Chengqi (武成器), later Li Xian (李憲)
1688:
765:
698:
479:
419:
415:
187:
64:
694:
556:
548:
82:
614:
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1752:(初，瑁母武惠妃，开元元年见幸，宠倾后宫，频产夏悼王、怀哀王、上仙公主，皆端丽，繈褓不育。及瑁之初生，让帝妃元氏请瑁在于邸中收养，妃自乳之，名为己子。)
1674:
era. This corresponds to 05 Jan 742 in the Julian calendar. (辛未，太尉、宁王宪薨，...)
1259:
1204:
662:
658:
597:
574:
the Princess Anle. Empress Wei made Emperor Zhongzong's son by a concubine,
528:
519:
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483:
387:
347:
682:
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626:
618:
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637:(尚書僕射) -- one of the heads of the executive bureau of government (尚書省,
630:
622:
522:
Consort Dou were killed by Wu Zetian based on false accusations by the
499:
495:
414:, literally, "the emperor who yielded"), was an imperial prince of the
182:
790:
690:
666:
491:
474:
Emperor Gaozong died in 683 and was succeeded by Li Chengqi's uncle
466:. Sometime after his birth, he was created the Prince of Yongping.
754:
749:
673:) and Li Shouli the prefect of Bin Prefecture (豳州, roughly modern
439:
625:), and nominal commandant at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern
539:
During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign and Emperor Shang's reign
855:
Li Sizhuang, Prince of Jiyang Commandery (濟陽郡王 李嗣莊), second son.
454:
Li Chengqi was born in 679, during the reign of his grandfather
543:
Wu Zetian was overthrown in 705 in a coup led by the officials
861:
Li Xiang, Duke of Yingchuan Commandery (潁川郡公 李珦), fourth son.
470:
During Emperor Zhongzong's and Emperor Ruizong's first reigns
873:
Li Guàn, Prince of Wen'an Commandery (文安郡公 李瓘), eighth son.
870:
Li Jie, Prince of Cangwu Commandery (蒼梧郡公 李玠), seventh son.
876:
Li Yu, Prince of Hanzhong Commandery (漢中郡王 李瑀), ninth son.
864:
Li Ting, Duke of Jinchang Commandery (晉昌郡公 李珽), fifth son.
808:
Gong. It was then that Xuanzong changed the era name from
606:
rather die than to be placed above the Prince of Ping .
867:
Li Guǎn, Prince of Wei Commandery (魏郡公 李琯), sixth son.
538:
685:
the Duke of Chu to Pu Prefecture (蒲州, roughly modern
793:, son of Emperor Xuanzong and his favorite consort,
657:). In 711, under the suggestion of the chancellors
641:), before he was further given the honorific title
462:, who was then the Prince of Yu, and Li Dan's wife
426:, who yielded that position to his younger brother
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681:), while sending Princess Taiping and her husband
469:
434:, the Prince of Ruyang, who was called one of the
774:
603:
1670:day of the 11th month of the 29th year of the
8:
1769:, vol.08. Xuanzong's biography in vol.05 of
1735:, vol.08. Xuanzong's biography in vol.05 of
923:
914:
858:Li Lin, Prince of Ning (寧王 李琳), third son.
506:(武士彠), and the gods of the five elements.
215:
15:
1880:Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang
1714:listed Li Chengqi as a chancellor. See
633:). Later that year, he was briefly made
1651:
852:, Prince of Ruyang (汝陽王 李璡), first son.
789:. In the 720s, he also helped to raise
1666:indicated that Li Chengqi died on the
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714:retain actual and superior power, as
592:During Emperor Ruizong's second reign
422:during the first reign of his father
7:
1658:Tang Xuanzong's biographies in both
374:) (679 – January 5, 742), known as
14:
777:food, the original point is lost.
1900:Heirs apparent who never acceded
902:Deep in the Realm of Conscience
724:During Emperor Xuanzong's reign
486:(later known as Wu Zetian), as
436:Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup
883:In fiction and popular culture
841:, of the Liu clan of Pengcheng
1:
1890:Tang dynasty imperial princes
1786:(二十九年，让帝薨，瑁请制服，以报乳养之恩，玄宗从之。)
888:Portrayed by Lo Chun-shun in
1205:Wu Shihuo, Duke Ding of Ying
800:On 18 May 733, he was again
591:
1905:Taizi taishi (Tang dynasty)
458:. He was the oldest son of
1921:
1691:and his great-grandfather
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1739:recorded the date as the
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173:"the emperor who yielded"
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899:Portrayed by Eric Li in
846:Issues and Descendents:
510:During Wu Zetian's reign
273:Minister over the Masses
144:Li Jin, Prince of Ruyang
1693:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1142:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
1028:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
973:Emperor Taizong of Tang
918:Ancestors of Li Chengqi
891:The Legend of Lady Yang
829:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
199:Emperor Ruizong of Tang
99:Prince of Yongping 永平郡王
50:Prince of Shouchun 壽春郡王
1895:Tang dynasty musicians
1731:(九月甲子，....。宋王宪徙封宁王。 )
779:
655:Crown Prince Zhanghuai
608:
402:) after 716, formally
947:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
723:
509:
1647:Notes and references
583:and younger brother
63:Crown Prince of the
720:(retired emperor).
1062:18. Zhangsun Sheng
787:Kaifu Yitong Sansi
739:Confucian classics
731:Kaifu Yitong Sansi
647:Three Excellencies
171:Emperor Rang (讓皇帝)
1885:Chinese flautists
1643:
1642:
1639:
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1260:Empress Wu Zetian
645:(司空), one of the
361:
360:
214:
213:
177:
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37:Prince of Song 宋王
24:Prince of Ning 寧王
1912:
1810:New Book of Tang
1799:Old Book of Tang
1791:
1788:Old Book of Tang
1784:
1778:
1771:New Book of Tang
1765:(丁酉，宁王宪为太尉，...)
1763:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1737:New Book of Tang
1729:
1723:
1716:New Book of Tang
1711:New Book of Tang
1702:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1664:New Book of Tang
1660:Old Book of Tang
1656:
1087:Empress Zhangsun
924:
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581:Princess Taiping
413:
401:
385:
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313:Minister of Work
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1003:17. Duchess Dou
912:
885:
822:
726:
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524:lady in waiting
512:
488:empress dowager
472:
456:Emperor Gaozong
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438:by famous poet
424:Emperor Ruizong
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839:Empress Suming
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717:Taishang Huang
639:Shangshu Sheng
635:Shangshu Pushe
593:
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418:who served as
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1432:12. Liu Dewei
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1317:11. Lady Yang
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1235:21. Lady Zhao
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736:
733:(開府儀同三司) and
732:
721:
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718:
712:
708:
707:Ashina Mochuo
704:
703:Eastern Tujue
700:
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582:
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570:and daughter
569:
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545:Zhang Jianzhi
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119:5 January 742
118:
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102:
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84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
35:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1819:
1808:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1767:Jiu Tang Shu
1766:
1761:
1754:Jiu Tang Shu
1753:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1733:Jiu Tang Shu
1732:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1689:Li Jiancheng
1683:
1676:Jiu Tang Shu
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1369:
1117:19. Lady Gao
900:
889:
813:
809:
806:
801:
799:
786:
784:
780:
775:
770:
766:naming taboo
763:
748:
742:
734:
730:
727:
715:
710:
651:
642:
638:
634:
609:
604:
595:
565:
542:
517:
513:
480:Crown Prince
473:
464:Princess Liu
453:
444:
420:crown prince
416:Tang dynasty
404:Emperor Rang
403:
391:
375:
363:
362:
343:Succeeded by
320:
303:Succeeded by
280:
261:Succeeded by
238:
65:Tang dynasty
1590:Empress Liu
1294:22. Yang Dá
663:Yao Yuanzhi
576:Li Chongmao
568:Empress Wei
557:Huan Yanfan
549:Cui Xuanwei
331:Preceded by
291:Preceded by
249:Preceded by
209:Empress Liu
121:(742-01-05)
83:Prince Yide
79:Predecessor
1875:742 deaths
1870:679 births
1864:Categories
1370:Li Chengqi
1180:20. Wu Hua
795:Consort Wu
615:Liu Youqiu
612:chancellor
561:Yuan Shuji
484:Empress Wu
450:Background
376:Wu Chengqi
364:Li Chengqi
307:Li Chengyi
220:Li Chengqi
19:Li Chengqi
1790:, vol.107
1756:, vol.107
659:Song Jing
598:Confucian
585:Li Longji
572:Li Guo'er
529:Li Shouli
520:concubine
504:Wu Shihuo
428:Li Longji
388:Wu Zetian
348:Li Shouli
321:In office
281:In office
239:In office
131:Lady Yuan
89:Successor
1824:, vols.
1678:, vol.09
1672:Kai'yuan
910:Ancestry
814:Tian'bao
810:Kai'yuan
695:Chang'an
687:Yuncheng
683:Wu Youji
675:Xianyang
627:Yangzhou
553:Jing Hui
336:Wu Sansi
296:Wu Youji
133:Lady Wei
1775:ding'si
905:(2018).
894:(2000).
835:Mother
825:Father
791:Li Qing
759:Shaanxi
679:Shaanxi
671:Shaanxi
631:Jiangsu
623:Shaanxi
533:Li Xian
500:Luoyang
496:empress
408:Chinese
396:Chinese
392:Li Xian
390:and as
380:Chinese
368:Chinese
325:712–713
285:713–713
243:733–741
74:684–690
58:693–710
45:710–716
32:716–742
1815:vol.81
1804:vol.95
1741:jia'xu
1720:vol.61
1668:xinwei
850:Li Jin
820:Family
802:Taiwei
735:Taiwei
711:Sikong
691:Shanxi
667:Weinan
643:Sikong
559:, and
492:regent
476:Li Zhe
460:Li Dan
432:Li Jin
410::
398::
382::
370::
266:Li Chu
254:Li Dan
205:Mother
195:Father
128:Spouse
93:Wu Dan
755:Baoji
750:jiegu
619:Xi'an
579:aunt
440:Du Fu
183:House
154:Names
139:Issue
71:Reign
55:Reign
42:Reign
29:Reign
1662:and
1203:10.
945:16.
747:and
699:khan
661:and
490:and
478:the
188:Tang
116:Died
108:Born
1854:214
1850:213
1846:212
1842:211
1838:210
1834:209
1830:204
1826:203
1588:3.
1368:1.
1258:5.
1140:2.
1085:9.
1026:4.
971:8.
812:to
701:of
412:讓皇帝
384:武成器
372:李成器
190:(唐)
111:679
1866::
1852:,
1848:,
1844:,
1840:,
1836:,
1832:,
1828:,
1813:,
1802:,
1718:,
757:,
744:di
705:,
689:,
677:,
669:,
649:.
629:,
621:,
555:,
551:,
547:,
442:.
400:李憲
1856:.
1722:.
1695:.
406:(
394:(
378:(
366:(
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