459:
Not many days later, Valentinian rode in the Field of Ares with a few bodyguards and the followers of Optila and
Thraustila. When he had dismounted from his horse and proceeded to archery, Optila and his friends attacked him. Optila struck Valentinian on his temple and when turned around to see the striker he dealt him a second blow on the face and felled him, and Thraustila slew Heraclius. Taking the Emperor's diadem and horse, they hastened to Maximus... "(John of Antioch fr.201.4–5: Gordon trans., pp. 52–53). Heraclius is identified as "a eunuch who had the greatest influence with the emperor" and his associate in murdering Aetius.
727:
44:
565:
468:
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503:
reports that
Maximus befriended the murderers of Valentinian III instead of punishing them. Both Prosper and Victor of Tonnena place the marriage of Eudoxia to Maximus only days following the death of her first husband, commenting with disapproval that the empress was not given a period to grieve for
458:
and had been assigned to attend on
Valentinian, and talked to them. He gave and received guarantees, put the blame for Aëtius' murder on the Emperor, and urged that the better course would be to take revenge on them. Those who avenged the fallen man, he said, would justly have the greatest blessings.
591:
to the new emperor. However his reign was to prove short. According to the chronicler
Malchus, "Around this time, the empress Eudoxia, the widow of the emperor Valentinian and the daughter of the emperor Theodosius and Eudocia, remained unhappily at Rome and, enraged at the tyrant Maximus because of
611:
in Africa the empress
Eudoxia, who had summoned him; her daughter Placidia, the wife of the patrician Olybrius, who then was staying at Constantinople; and even the maiden Eudocia. After he had returned, Gaiseric gave the younger Eudocia, a maiden, the daughter of the empress Eudoxia, to his son
317:
674:
whose "traitorous leadership" led the crowd to panic and to the slaughter of the
Emperor. His identity is unknown, presumably a general who failed to face the Vandals for one reason or the other. Later historians have suggested two high-ranking Burgundians as possible candidates,
498:
John of
Antioch reports that Maximus secured his own succession by buying the loyalties of palace officials and the local military. Eudoxia was forced to marry him or face execution. Their marriage secured the connection of Maximus to the Theodosian dynasty.
781:
In 438 the
Empress Eudocia visited Jerusalem. On her return to Constantinople, after donating towards the building of new churches, she was displaced in court circles by her sister-in-law because of her Greek origin. Only one part of her churches
511:
by
Valentinian III, an event which the chronicle sees as the reason Maximus turned against his former master. The eventual fate of his first wife is not recorded. She may be presumed to have committed suicide, following the example of
607:, and having destroyed Maximus and all his forces, he took everything from the palace, even the bronze statues. He even led away as captives surviving senators, accompanied by their wives; along with them he also carried off to
627:
for help against an unwanted marriage. According to
Prosper, Maximus was in Rome when the Vandals arrived. He gave anyone who could permission to flee the city. He attempted to flee himself but was assassinated by the imperial
842:
Athenais, daughter of the Athenian scholar, Leontius. Before the wedding she would receive in holy baptism the name of his mother, the exalted Empress Eudoxia but because of Athenais' Greek origin the name would be pronounced
516:. Regardless, Maximus arranged the marriage of his son Palladius to his new stepdaughter Eudocia, the daughter of Eudoxia from her first marriage, again to secure a dynastic relation to the Theodosian dynasty.
916:
Eudocia herself, the daughter of a pagan Athenian philosopher, embraced the new faith in a mood of total acceptance. Very conscious of her Hellenic heritage, as her famous address to the citizens of Antioch
348:, and Pulcheria's sister-in-law Eudocia. Galla Placidia was Valentinian III's mother and a younger, paternal half-sister of Arcadius. Valentinian III was at the time being prepared to claim the throne of the
340:. At the time of their betrothal, Valentinian was approximately four years old, Eudoxia only two. Gibbon attributes the betrothal to "the agreement of the three females who governed the Roman world", meaning
301:
816:
Greek women also were visible during the Byzantine period. In 421 CE, Emperor Theodosius II married a pagan Athenian woman, Athenais; after baptism she became Eudocia.
447:
1978:
1233:
949:
479:, who was the highest-ranking of all Roman senators, was among them. A second candidate was Maximianus, son of Domninus. Domninus was a merchant from
2166:
969:
561:, as well as the lack of the name of Flavius Probus' mother, it can be assumed that he was a grandson of Petronius Maximus but from his mother.
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at this point, considering it to be the third marriage between a member of the Theodosian dynasty and a member of the extended
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Continuite Gentilice et Continuite Familiale Dans Les Familles Senatoriales Romaines A L'epoque Imperiale, Mythe et Realite
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origin. Her only known siblings, Arcadius and Flacilla, predeceased their parents. Their paternal grandparents were
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from 641 to 648 "Maximus, failing in both his hopes, was bitterly angry. He summoned Optila and Thraustila, brave
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523:(1992) by John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton considers it likely that the first wife of Maximus was also a sister to
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Valentinian had no male descendants and had never designated an heir. Several candidates claimed the throne.
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John of Antioch mentions, but does not name, a previous wife of Maximus. She had reportedly been
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later gave a more detailed account of her mother Eudocia's history, which is also summarised in
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after an absence of twenty-five years, Placidia joining her. Eudocia stayed in Africa and took
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in marriage, and he held them both, the mother and the daughter, in great honor" (Chron. 366).
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of the late Roman Empire, under Aetius. Eudoxia promoted her own candidate, in the person of
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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The noble heritage: Jerusalem and Christianity, a portrait of the Church of the Resurrection
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within the same year. They view Olybrius as a third son of Maximus, grandson through him of
529:
1077:, Addenda I–III (juillet 2000 – octobre 2002) (n.p.: Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2002).
703:, Eastern Roman Emperor, paid a large ransom for Eudoxia and Placidia. Eudoxia returned to
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to be a grandson. They also argue for placing the marriage of Placidia the Younger to
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Immensely proud of her Hellenic ancestry and culture, Eudocia dominated her…
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and never recovered. Victor of Tonnena agrees, adding the detail that
632:. He had reigned for seventy-seven days. His body was thrown into the
407:. The births and eventual fates of the two daughters were recorded by
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negotiated with Geiseric for the security of the city's population.
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identifies a single assassin as "Ursus, a Roman soldier". Ursus is
1542:
1261:
897:
Popular belief and practice: Volume 8 of Studies in church history
797:
Sisterhood is global: the international women's movement anthology
659:
633:
619:
Eudoxia was presumably following the example of her sister-in-law
563:
483:
who had earned a considerable fortune. Maximianus had served as a
466:
308:. The identity of Eudoxia's maternal grandmother is not recorded.
1061:, Les Ancêtres de Charlemagne (France: Éditions Christian, 1989).
1022:
Ralph W. Mathisen, Petronius Maximus (17 March 455 – 22 May 455)
663:
537:
was another son of Maximus from his first marriage, considering
508:
427:
1215:
364:
by the Eastern court. Within 424, Valentinian was proclaimed a
1153:
Valentinian III in the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
379:, their marriage marking the reunion of the two halves of the
320:
Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of
292:
The identity of her maternal grandfather was first given by
533:(Master of Soldiers). The writers have also suggested that
375:
Eudoxia and Valentinian III married on 29 October 437, in
646:
attributes the assassination to revolting troops of the
894:; Baker, Derek; Ecclesiastical History Society (1972).
302:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
579:("Master of Soldiers in Attendance") and send him to
945:
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
927:
925:
2063:
1692:
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583:. There Avitus was to try to secure the loyalty of
422:On 16 March 455, Valentinian III was killed in the
241:. Her husbands included the Western Roman Emperors
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932:Ralph W. Mathisen, "Valentinian III (425–455 A.D)"
856:
654:attributes the assassination to a rioting crowd.
442:, a 7th-century monk tentatively identified with
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1227:
1108:Drinkwater, John; Elton, Hugh, eds. (2002) .
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281:. Their maternal grandfather was Leontius, a
16:Wife of Western Roman emperor Valentinian III
8:
2101:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
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978:
965:
963:
961:
650:, enraged at Maximus' attempted flight. The
438:. According to the fragmentary chronicle of
1047:"Fifth-century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?"
1034:"Fifth-century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?"
592:the murder of her spouse, she summoned the
521:"Fifth-century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?"
395:. In 439, Eudoxia was granted the title of
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1111:Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?
399:, with the birth of their first daughter
257:Eudoxia was born in 422, the daughter of
996:Catholic Encyclopedia, "John of Antioch"
324:to Licinia Eudoxia. The bride's father,
315:
970:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
757:
715:, king of the Vandals from 523 to 530.
683:. Both joined Theodoric II in invading
159:
746:List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses
711:as her husband. They were parents to
356:. The latter was not a member of the
328:, stands between them on the reverse.
7:
1133:Mommaerts, T S; Kelley, D H (2002).
985:Ralph W. Mathisen, "Licinia Eudoxia"
695:The three women stayed prisoners in
670:makes a cryptic comment regarding a
448:Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
237:, daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor
1092:Mathisen, Ralph W (6 August 1996).
403:. They also had a second daughter,
14:
863:. Yale University Press. p.
332:In 424, Eudoxia was betrothed to
1164:
1045:John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton.
1032:John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton,
725:
575:Maximus appointed Avitus as his
233:: Λικινία, 422 – c. 493) was a
2167:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
383:. The marriage was recorded by
832:. Coward-McCann. p. 106.
555:Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius
1:
2109:incidates an empress regnant.
1194:Western Roman Empress consort
1141:Drinkwater & Elton (2002)
577:Magister militum praesentalis
1939:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
419:and the Chronicon Paschale.
2147:Remarried empresses consort
2142:5th-century Roman empresses
1135:The Anicii of Gaul and Rome
2195:
1116:Cambridge University Press
855:Cheetham, Nicolas (1981).
800:. Feminist Press. p.
741:List of Byzantine emperors
385:Socrates of Constantinople
294:Socrates of Constantinople
2096:
1974:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
1475:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
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828:Mahler, Helen A. (1952).
765:Duncan, Alistair (1974).
699:for seven years. In 462,
471:Gold medallion of Eudoxia
179:
167:
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41:
28:
454:who had campaigned with
1892:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1498:Flavia Julia Constantia
900:. CUP Archive. p.
769:. Longman. p. 28.
733:Byzantine Empire portal
652:Chronica Gallica of 511
180:Licinia Eudoxia Augusta
2137:5th-century Christians
1415:Marcia Otacilia Severa
794:Morgan, Robin (1996).
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1979:Theodora Palaiologina
1949:Anna Komnene Angelina
1887:Catherine of Bulgaria
1818:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
1287:Agrippina the Younger
1173:at Wikimedia Commons
567:
519:The historical study
487:, member of an elite
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263:Eastern Roman Emperor
2050:Sophia of Montferrat
1969:Anna of Hohenstaufen
1828:Theophano Martinakia
1736:Theodora of Khazaria
1369:Julia Cornelia Paula
1332:Faustina the Younger
1148:Genealogical profile
1049:(1992). pp. 117–120.
830:Empress of Byzantium
668:Sidonius Apollinaris
571:of Petronius Maximus
553:and grand-nephew of
501:Prosper of Aquitaine
360:and thus regarded a
352:, which was held by
350:Western Roman Empire
35:Western Roman Empire
2028:Keratsa of Bulgaria
2011:Helena Kantakouzene
1991:Irene of Montferrat
1954:Philippa of Armenia
1934:Margaret of Hungary
1786:Theophano of Athens
1605:Julius Nepos's wife
1420:Herennia Etruscilla
1243:Roman and Byzantine
1137:. pp. 111–121.
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952:2 June 2008 at the
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381:House of Theodosius
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2055:Maria of Trebizond
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1959:Maria of Courtenay
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1125:978-0-521-52933-4
1094:"Licinia Eudoxia"
623:who had summoned
605:captured the city
477:Petronius Maximus
444:John of the Sedre
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1907:Irene of Hungary
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279:Aelia Eudoxia
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235:Roman Empress
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2106:
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2019:
1982:
1910:
1879:
1872:
1810:
1768:
1760:
1597:
1587:
1490:
1410:Tranquillina
1360:
1322:Vibia Sabina
1192:
1163:
1134:
1110:
1097:. Retrieved
1085:Bibliography
1074:
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585:Theodoric II
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528:
520:
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506:
497:
474:
421:
417:John Malalas
396:
377:Thessalonike
374:
344:, her niece
331:
298:John Malalas
291:
256:
226:
225:
116:(modern-day
94:(modern-day
49:
29:
18:
2103:underlining
1675:Constantina
1357:Julia Domna
174:Regnal name
2132:493 deaths
2127:422 births
2121:Categories
1806:Euphrosyne
1578:Thermantia
1538:Constantia
1252:Principate
1099:29 January
947:chapter 33
752:References
672:Burgundian
648:Roman army
638:Pope Leo I
599:, king of
489:guard unit
485:domesticus
436:Thraustila
195:Theodosian
1858:Theophano
1796:Theodosia
1771:of Athens
1726:Anastasia
1635:Pulcheria
1480:Minervina
1282:Messalina
1245:empresses
681:Chilperic
589:Visigoths
452:Scythians
413:Procopius
346:Pulcheria
2162:Augustae
2088:Augustae
2064:See also
1881:Theodora
1863:Theodora
1853:Theodora
1812:Theodora
1791:Prokopia
1781:Theodote
1716:Gregoria
1699:610–1453
1694:Eastern/
1660:Theodora
1655:Euphemia
1599:Placidia
1508:Faustina
1465:Eutropia
1450:Dominate
1198:437–455
972:, vol. 2
950:Archived
843:Eudocia.
782:remains.
719:See also
713:Hilderic
697:Carthage
685:Hispania
656:Jordanes
644:Hydatius
609:Carthage
597:Gaiseric
581:Toulouse
543:Olybrius
514:Lucretia
493:Majorian
405:Placidia
370:Augustus
275:Arcadius
153:Placidia
118:Istanbul
96:Istanbul
63:(in the
2157:Licinii
2099:Italics
1756:Eudokia
1746:Tzitzak
1731:Eudokia
1711:Martina
1680:Leontia
1650:Zenonis
1645:Ariadne
1618:395–610
1566:395–480
1533:Domnica
1528:Justina
1518:Charito
1503:Eusebia
1453:284–610
1397:235–285
1337:Lucilla
917:showed,
709:Huneric
677:Gondioc
614:Huneric
587:of the
569:Solidus
409:Priscus
401:Eudocia
397:Augusta
362:usurper
354:Joannes
283:sophist
190:Dynasty
149:Eudocia
76:437–455
50:Solidus
33:of the
31:Augusta
1868:Helena
1801:Thekla
1721:Fausta
1665:Sophia
1640:Verina
1513:Helena
1486:Fausta
1460:Prisca
1394:Crisis
1122:
908:
871:
838:331435
836:
808:
773:
630:slaves
601:Africa
594:Vandal
527:, his
525:Avitus
456:Aëtius
432:Optila
387:, the
366:Caesar
287:Athens
253:Family
215:Mother
205:Father
129:Spouse
122:Turkey
100:Turkey
73:Tenure
1769:Irene
1751:Maria
1741:Maria
1573:Maria
1553:Galla
1543:Laeta
1262:Livia
1139:, in
701:Leo I
691:Widow
662:for "
660:Latin
634:Tiber
509:raped
481:Egypt
285:from
271:Greek
231:Greek
163:Names
144:Issue
2107:bold
2076:list
2040:(w.
2018:(w.
1981:(w.
1909:(w.
1762:Anna
1359:(w.
1120:ISBN
1101:2021
906:ISBN
869:ISBN
834:OCLC
806:ISBN
771:ISBN
664:bear
434:and
428:Rome
391:and
277:and
245:and
197:and
107:Died
85:Born
65:West
1874:Zoë
1482:(?)
1406:(?)
802:270
666:".
430:by
304:by
88:422
2123::
1118:.
1114:.
1073:.
1002:^
977:^
960:^
924:^
914:.
904:.
902:13
877:.
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840:.
814:.
804:.
779:.
495:.
446:,
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415:,
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296:.
289:.
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249:.
120:,
98:,
67:)
2046:)
2024:)
1987:)
1915:)
1365:)
1235:e
1228:t
1221:v
1128:.
1103:.
229:(
124:)
102:)
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