296:
35:
743:
245:. In its brief existence the movement attempted to introduce liberalism in Portugal, although it ultimately failed to do so. In 1817 three masons, João de Sá Pereira Soares, Morais Sarmento and José Andrade Corvo, denounced the movement to the authorities, who arrested many suspects, including Freire de Andrade, who was charged with conspiracy against John VI, represented in
507:
vol. 4, p. 12. The executed were José Ribeiro Pinto, Major José da
Fonseca Neves, Maximiano Dias Ribeiro (all freemasons); and José Joaquim Pinto da Silva, Major José Campello de Miranda, Colonel Manuel Monteiro de Carvalho, Henrique José Garcia de Moraes, António Cabral Calheiros Furtado de Lemos,
359:
which debated the nature of the future government. The elections resulted in deputies who were primarily from the professions (lawyers, professors) and not from the merchants who had spearheaded the revolution. Professionals now took the lead in the revolution. The constitution that was approved in
256:
In
October 1817, the Regency found the twelve of the accused guilty of treason against the nation and sentenced them to death by hanging. Beresford intended to suspend the sentence until it was confirmed by John VI, but the Regency, judging that such a move was a slight to its authority, ordered
173:
Following the defeat of the French forces in 1814, Portugal experienced a prolonged period of political turmoil, in which many sought greater self-rule for the
Portuguese people. Eventually, this unrest put an end to the King's long stay in Brazil, when his return to Portugal was demanded by the
399:, which managed to close the parliament and to convince King John VI to recall Beresford as an advisor. In 1826 John VI died with no clear heir, further destabilizing the nation. Upon seizing the throne, Miguel abolished the constitutional government, triggering six years of
337:
revolution in Spain of 1 January 1820, a liberal revolution started in Porto, quickly spreading without resistance to several other
Portuguese cities and towns, culminating with the revolt of Lisbon. The revolutionaries demanded the immediate return of the royal court to
295:
346:
to be set up in
Portugal. The revolutionaries also sought to restore Portuguese exclusivity in the trade with Brazil, reverting Brazil to the status of a colony, officially to be reduced to a "Principality of Brazil," instead of the
396:
384:
from
Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October 1822, Pedro was acclaimed as the first Emperor of Brazil. He was crowned on 1 December 1822. Portugal recognized Brazil's sovereignty in 1825.
896:
216:, which guaranteed favored status to British products entering Portugal, decimated the commerce of cities like Porto and Lisbon and set off a deep economic crisis which affected its
34:
593:
935:
352:
118:, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country. The Revolution resulted in the return in 1821 of the Portuguese court to Portugal from
970:
239:
and former general under
Napoleon until his defeat in 1814—with the objective to end British control of the country and to promote "the salvation and independence" of the
903:
283:
A couple of years after the executions, Beresford left for Brazil to ask the King for more resources and powers to suppress the lingering presence of what he called "
191:
287:," which were granted to him. In his absence, the Revolution of Porto broke out in 1820, and upon his arrival from Brazil, he was forbidden to disembark in Lisbon.
742:
223:
After
Napoleon's definite defeat in 1815, a clandestine Supreme Regenerative Council of Portugal and the Algarve was formed in Lisbon by army officers and
682:
155:
123:
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in order to "restore the metropolitan dignity." In fact, the liberal revolution of 1820 not only forced the return of the King but also demanded a
778:
1010:
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381:
637:
657:
416:
177:
Even though the
Portuguese had participated in the defeat of the French, the country found itself virtually a colony of Brazil or British
579:
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220:. The city of Porto, with a strong, dynamic bourgeoisie and with liberal tradition, was the place where the Liberal Revolution began.
210:
1036:
1005:
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403:, which pitted him against his brother, Pedro, who abdicated as emperor of Brazil to enforce the succession rights of his daughter
277:
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280:. The executions sparked protests against Beresford and the Regency and intensified anti-British feeling in the country.
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ideas had an important influence on
Portuguese society and political organization in the nineteenth century.
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political revolution that erupted in 1820. It began with a military insurrection in the city of
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their immediate execution, which took place on 18 October at Campo do Santana (today,
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Manuel Inácio de Figueiredo, and Pedro Ricardo de Figueiró (all possible freemasons).
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by a regency, then overseen by the military authority headed by the British officer
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resented British control of the Portuguese armed forces. In addition the 1808
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548:. Cambridge Concise Histories (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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162:, where it remained until 1821. From Brazil, the Portuguese King
376:, became regent of the Kingdom of Brazil. Following a series of
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After John VI returned to Portugal in 1821, his heir-apparent,
196:, practically brought an end to the so-called "colonial pact" (
16:
Portuguese revolution establishing a constitutional monarchy
276:"). Freire de Andrade was executed on the same day at the
41:
General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation
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forces invaded Portugal three times. As a result, the
936:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
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971:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown
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391:against the constitutional order was organized by
187:Decree of the Opening of Ports to Friendly Nations
991:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender)
904:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique
897:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon
355:. The revolutionaries organized the election of
43:that approved the first Portuguese Constitution
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138:was ratified and implemented. The movement's
8:
453:. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007
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299:Allegory of the parliamentarians of 1822:
80:Return of the Portuguese court from Brazil
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18:
779:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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156:Portuguese royal family was transferred
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526:Birmingham, 116–117; Nowell, 184–188.
517:Birmingham, 111–113; Nowell, 182–184.
485:Birmingham, 108–110; Nowell, 181–182.
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658:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
567:. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company.
1011:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council
996:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs
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1006:Style of the Portuguese sovereign
981:Pantheon of the House of Braganza
1062:Aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars
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683:Transfer of the Portuguese court
663:War of the Portuguese Succession
407:and headed the liberal faction.
382:Brazil declared its independence
360:1822 was closely modeled on the
713:Municipal Library Elevator Coup
417:History of Portugal (1777–1834)
1:
544:A Concise History of Portugal
378:political events and disputes
333:Influenced by the concurrent
1067:Revolutions during the 1820s
758:Portuguese House of Burgundy
362:Spanish Constitution of 1812
259:Campo dos Mártires da Pátria
158:to the Portuguese colony of
563:Nowell, Charles E. (1952).
278:Fort of São Julião da Barra
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688:Liberal Revolution of 1820
678:Portuguese Restoration War
540:Birmingham, David (2003).
327:Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro
100:Liberal Revolution of 1820
20:Liberal Revolution of 1820
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728:Royalist attack on Chaves
723:5 October 1910 revolution
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237:Grand Orient of Portugal
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229:Gomes Freire de Andrade
168:transcontinental empire
89:constitutional monarchy
87:and establishment of a
1032:Liberalism in Portugal
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886:Sintra National Palace
708:31 January 1891 revolt
648:Battle of Alfarrobeira
602:Topics related to the
422:Liberalism in Portugal
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312:Manuel Borges Carneiro
301:Manuel Fernandes Tomás
251:William Carr Beresford
181:. The officers of the
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986:Most Faithful Majesty
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733:Monarchy of the North
643:Battle of Aljubarrota
565:A History of Portugal
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146:Historical background
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703:Portuguese Civil War
618:Battle of São Mamede
397:João Carlos Saldanha
340:continental Portugal
247:continental Portugal
227:, headed by General
170:for thirteen years.
134:period in which the
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851:Quinta da Boa Vista
836:Necessidades Palace
633:Manifestis Probatum
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891:Vila Viçosa Palace
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108:Revolução Liberal
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611:Major events
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455:. Retrieved
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67:Participants
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25:Part of the
841:Pena Palace
315: [
304: [
262: [
218:bourgeoisie
209: [
203:), and the
190: [
126:during the
122:, where it
1026:Categories
794:residences
783:(disputed)
433:References
401:civil wars
291:Revolution
285:Jacobinism
274:Fatherland
225:freemasons
166:ruled his
112:Portuguese
104:Portuguese
85:absolutism
946:Miguelism
368:Aftermath
467:cite web
427:Remexido
411:See also
405:Maria II
124:had fled
110:) was a
61:Portugal
57:Location
457:12 June
329:, 1926)
272:of the
270:Martyrs
235:of the
164:John VI
140:liberal
83:End of
75:Outcome
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321:, and
242:pátria
160:Brazil
120:Brazil
792:Royal
374:Pedro
319:]
308:]
266:]
213:]
198:See,
194:]
116:Porto
550:ISBN
473:link
459:2007
98:The
49:Date
39:The
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469:}}
465:{{
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380:,
364:.
317:pt
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231:—
102:(
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