2673:
3132:
2661:
1055:
979:
3704:
3146:
991:
3059:, and the principle of individual initiative—this contributed to obscuring other aspects of the rich body of political liberalism to be found in Smith's work. For example, his work promoted the ideal that the everyday man could hold ownership of his own property and trade, which Smith felt would slowly allow for individuals to take control of their places within society.
3716:
2894:
3083:
Economic liberalism opposes government intervention in the economy when it leads to inefficient outcomes. They are supportive of a strong state that protects the right to property and enforces contracts. They may also support government interventions to resolve market failures.
3041:
did not mean no government intervention at all. On the contrary, they were more than willing to see government provide tariffs, railroad subsidies, and internal improvements, all of which benefited producers. What they condemned was intervention in behalf of consumers."
3050:
In its initial formation, economic liberalism was focused on promoting the idea of private ownership and trade; however, due to a growing awareness of concerns regarding policy, the rise of economic liberalism paved the way for a new form of liberalism, known as
2912:, economic liberalism was born as the theory of economics of liberalism, which advocates minimal interference by government in the economy. Arguments in favor of economic liberalism were advanced by Smith and others during the age of enlightenment, opposing
2957:), provided that at least minimum standards of public information and justice exist, so that no one is allowed to coerce, steal, or commit fraud, and there should be freedom of speech and press. This ideology was well reflected in English law;
3055:. This promoted an accommodation for government intervention in order to help the poor. As subsequent authors picked up and promoted widespread appeal of a subset of Smith's economic theories to support their own work—of free trade, the
2938:. In Smith's view, if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity. This underpinned the move towards a
2977:
to run national economies in their own personal interests. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, this opposition was largely defeated in the primary capital markets of
Western countries.
2926:
3284:
3395:
3071:
or economic libertarianism in the United States. The ideology that highlighted the financial aspect of economic liberalism is called fiscal liberalism, which is defined as support for
3454:
6069:
2003:
3558:
Hence the emphasis today on the study of political economy, and the identification of
Gladstone with 'fiscal liberalism', defined above all as the liberalism of free trade.
3339:
3262:
2747:
is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century
3911:
3767:
589:
6094:
6064:
2028:
1998:
5389:
2961:, denying the existence of a duty of good faith in English contract law, emphasised the "adversarial position of the parties when involved in negotiations".
2703:
2080:
1021:
6571:
6099:
4988:
3030:
2033:
1153:
2423:
6290:
6079:
2013:
2949:
The early theory of economic liberalism was based on the assumption that the economic actions of individuals are largely based on self-interest (
3541:
6526:
5535:
5507:
2502:
6146:
5456:
5168:
2997:
to only 3% for imports and exports and in 1790. Ottoman free trade policies were praised by
British economists advocating free trade such as
2547:
2341:
2120:
5431:
5357:
5297:
5230:
5188:
4448:
3748:
3006:
2969:
Initially, the economic liberals had to contend with arguments from the supporters of feudal privileges for the wealthy, traditions of the
2373:
2234:
2182:
2177:
3092:
based on classical liberalism include a broader role for the state but do not seek to replace private enterprise and the free market with
3033:
during the 19th century had distinctive characteristics as opposed to
Britain: "t the center of classical liberal theory was the idea of
3464:
3377:
6566:
6119:
5724:
5502:
5203:
3202:
2986:
2490:
2202:
2053:
1655:
3502:
6709:
6531:
5542:
5512:
5416:
5322:
5235:
5198:
5193:
3686:
3667:
3648:
3629:
3551:
3527:
3496:
3389:
3256:
2413:
2311:
2259:
2197:
2192:
2130:
5868:
1798:
6765:
6109:
5327:
3708:
3160:
2418:
2043:
516:
6745:
5347:
2696:
2453:
1014:
6750:
5487:
4660:
3331:
2942:
economic system in the late 18th century and the subsequent demise of the mercantilist system. Private property and individual
2480:
1385:
6408:
5918:
4692:
1848:
1417:
3720:
6780:
6740:
6510:
5282:
5267:
5183:
4277:
2802:. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as a liberal economy or operating under liberal
2361:
2326:
2306:
780:
438:
6755:
6735:
6551:
5118:
3861:
2720:
2239:
830:
820:
6556:
6283:
5998:
5125:
4670:
4564:
4386:
3926:
3460:
2795:
2689:
2351:
1928:
1395:
1289:
1007:
526:
463:
396:
374:
5888:
1818:
6449:
5923:
5604:
5044:
5014:
4655:
4093:
2839:
2403:
2068:
1853:
1535:
1380:
835:
351:
6393:
6612:
6353:
6084:
5878:
5332:
5100:
4919:
4914:
4221:
4033:
3896:
2835:
2514:
2408:
2018:
1808:
1488:
1474:
609:
296:
6699:
6586:
6343:
6114:
5277:
5262:
4936:
4574:
4441:
4002:
3966:
3741:
3165:
2885:. Economic liberalism follows the same philosophical approach as classical liberalism and fiscal conservatism.
2301:
2286:
2152:
2048:
1299:
1106:
883:
579:
426:
265:
239:
161:
106:
5973:
5858:
1903:
1788:
6704:
6348:
6205:
6074:
5913:
5754:
5530:
5446:
5257:
5075:
4956:
4823:
4508:
4475:
4366:
4260:
3796:
3180:
3109:
2935:
2822:
through measures such as low taxes, reduced government spending, and minimized government debt. Free trade,
2791:
2775:
2606:
2485:
2428:
2316:
2281:
2140:
2095:
2008:
1843:
1685:
1233:
1198:
1074:
775:
421:
416:
406:
101:
3012:, who cited the Ottoman Empire as "an instance of the injury done by unrestrained competition" in the 1846
6775:
6474:
6454:
6276:
6089:
6059:
5497:
5436:
5421:
5352:
5317:
5312:
5292:
5054:
4493:
4336:
4331:
4246:
4216:
3185:
2519:
2495:
2463:
2433:
2398:
2393:
2368:
2229:
2147:
2023:
1993:
1218:
928:
805:
599:
458:
389:
276:
234:
5848:
5689:
1778:
1620:
6714:
6536:
6479:
6378:
6239:
6161:
6136:
6104:
6003:
5978:
5968:
5873:
5704:
5589:
5466:
5399:
5362:
5342:
5272:
5220:
5215:
5173:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5049:
5039:
5034:
4831:
4396:
4371:
4356:
4287:
4272:
4107:
4073:
3996:
3981:
3866:
3781:
3101:
3016:
debate, arguing that it destroyed what had been "some of the finest manufactures of the world" in 1812.
2990:
2640:
2562:
2537:
2509:
2468:
2448:
2438:
2383:
2321:
2296:
2212:
2207:
2172:
2157:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2038:
1933:
1908:
1898:
1803:
1635:
1520:
1462:
1084:
908:
893:
815:
795:
750:
647:
506:
496:
468:
341:
331:
259:
6760:
6602:
6581:
6338:
6227:
5664:
5654:
5629:
5492:
5482:
5451:
5441:
5404:
5337:
5307:
5302:
5287:
5252:
5225:
5178:
5140:
5130:
5090:
4983:
4978:
4966:
4836:
4777:
4743:
4697:
4542:
4013:
3976:
3851:
3816:
2953:) and that allowing them to act without any restrictions will produce the best results for everyone (
2905:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2807:
2628:
2443:
2388:
2378:
2356:
2336:
2331:
2291:
2276:
2254:
2217:
2167:
2125:
2115:
2075:
1595:
1585:
1560:
1469:
1422:
1267:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1069:
958:
913:
888:
855:
559:
554:
491:
486:
244:
81:
6770:
6694:
6495:
6222:
5988:
5759:
5699:
5649:
5367:
5095:
5080:
5070:
5029:
4961:
4946:
4931:
4926:
4841:
4755:
4628:
4547:
4434:
4326:
4321:
4206:
4038:
3801:
3734:
3117:
3068:
2882:
2811:
2740:
2623:
2271:
2244:
2187:
2135:
1918:
1690:
1630:
1580:
1353:
1272:
1146:
1116:
1111:
1079:
1038:
672:
594:
549:
544:
411:
401:
301:
76:
34:
5863:
1793:
6689:
6028:
5963:
5461:
5426:
5113:
5085:
4995:
4623:
4603:
4346:
4167:
4098:
4058:
3921:
3312:
3056:
2989:, dating back to the first commercial treaties signed with France in 1536 and taken further with
2346:
2249:
2162:
1958:
1893:
1348:
1328:
1165:
918:
878:
755:
604:
569:
356:
316:
271:
191:
146:
126:
5679:
4814:
1610:
6653:
6643:
6323:
6258:
6008:
5764:
5694:
5669:
5659:
5639:
4951:
4881:
4856:
4787:
4665:
4552:
4485:
4316:
4187:
4182:
4139:
4083:
4053:
4018:
3961:
3826:
3682:
3663:
3644:
3625:
3547:
3523:
3492:
3385:
3304:
3252:
3137:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3052:
3009:
2954:
2854:
2724:
2665:
1938:
1695:
1625:
1600:
1590:
1570:
1390:
1277:
1208:
1170:
983:
850:
717:
707:
652:
574:
448:
433:
311:
281:
211:
201:
136:
6648:
6638:
6423:
6398:
6333:
6180:
6173:
5983:
5933:
5903:
5898:
5843:
5749:
5734:
5709:
5644:
5614:
5000:
4973:
4886:
4869:
4864:
4782:
4687:
4638:
4613:
4596:
4591:
4525:
4406:
4381:
4376:
4282:
4172:
4134:
4129:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4028:
3846:
3831:
3486:
3296:
3175:
2994:
2752:
2736:
2581:
2574:
1913:
1863:
1833:
1828:
1773:
1680:
1665:
1640:
1575:
1545:
1412:
1363:
1338:
1321:
1316:
1250:
1175:
1101:
1089:
1054:
785:
760:
712:
692:
637:
614:
564:
443:
346:
336:
326:
291:
181:
131:
121:
116:
6684:
6633:
6628:
6546:
6444:
6367:
6318:
6043:
6033:
6018:
5938:
5928:
5908:
5799:
5779:
5739:
5714:
5624:
4767:
4724:
4712:
4702:
4643:
4503:
4498:
4401:
4391:
4361:
4267:
3901:
3811:
2998:
2819:
2677:
1973:
1963:
1948:
1868:
1858:
1838:
1730:
1710:
1670:
1645:
1555:
1449:
1437:
1427:
1368:
1228:
1223:
1094:
995:
840:
745:
702:
682:
677:
667:
662:
584:
379:
6663:
6541:
6413:
6244:
6217:
6212:
6185:
6141:
5958:
5948:
5893:
5769:
5744:
5719:
5684:
5634:
5574:
4941:
4846:
4797:
4707:
4608:
4569:
4559:
4119:
4063:
4043:
3881:
3876:
3836:
3791:
3786:
3618:
3151:
3113:
3085:
2982:
2950:
2931:
2799:
2783:
2728:
2645:
2618:
2613:
2586:
2542:
1888:
1878:
1823:
1700:
1675:
1650:
1615:
1565:
1505:
1432:
1333:
1294:
1284:
1158:
1126:
948:
933:
903:
825:
687:
321:
166:
156:
86:
71:
66:
3067:
Economic liberalism is a much broader concept than fiscal liberalism, which is called
2672:
6729:
6658:
6418:
6403:
6388:
6373:
6299:
6200:
5993:
5953:
5883:
5853:
5819:
5814:
5794:
5674:
5599:
5372:
4893:
4792:
4760:
4717:
4580:
4351:
4226:
4144:
4048:
3916:
3886:
3856:
3316:
3196:
3170:
2866:
2846:
2831:
2815:
2779:
2771:
2732:
2601:
1923:
1883:
1813:
1783:
1750:
1745:
1725:
1605:
1530:
1442:
1305:
1121:
938:
810:
770:
642:
306:
206:
186:
6668:
6607:
6383:
6328:
6234:
6038:
6013:
5943:
5789:
5619:
5609:
5240:
4804:
4618:
4297:
4251:
4231:
4162:
4023:
3971:
3806:
3450:
2917:
2874:
2850:
2823:
2764:
2756:
2635:
1968:
1943:
1873:
1720:
1550:
1540:
1343:
860:
800:
727:
511:
286:
196:
5208:
3131:
2660:
3246:
6500:
6469:
6464:
6358:
6023:
5824:
5809:
5784:
5579:
5564:
4874:
4809:
4677:
4530:
4480:
4416:
4201:
4177:
4124:
4114:
3991:
3941:
3891:
3841:
2970:
2958:
1953:
1755:
1740:
1715:
1510:
1495:
1402:
1255:
1203:
943:
845:
765:
521:
254:
216:
171:
141:
96:
17:
6576:
6459:
6363:
6190:
6156:
6151:
5804:
5594:
5569:
4682:
4535:
4515:
4458:
4236:
4211:
4149:
3936:
3757:
3300:
3127:
3072:
2939:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2803:
2787:
2748:
2744:
2591:
2557:
2552:
2222:
1735:
1525:
1500:
1407:
1260:
1240:
1046:
923:
632:
453:
384:
42:
3522:
Fujii, George (2013). "Liberalism". Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge.
3308:
6505:
6313:
5729:
4898:
4411:
4341:
4311:
4241:
3986:
3931:
3906:
3871:
3703:
3543:
Politics and
Culture in Victorian Britain: Essays in Memory of Colin Matthew
3013:
2913:
2858:
2760:
2759:
in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to
2458:
1660:
1180:
978:
963:
953:
898:
722:
657:
501:
249:
56:
3715:
3145:
3108:
and private property that is supportive of government activity to promote
3005:(1834), but criticized by British politicians opposing free trade such as
990:
6561:
6428:
6195:
6168:
5584:
5377:
5245:
5105:
4772:
4633:
3190:
2943:
2596:
2569:
2473:
2264:
1515:
1358:
790:
697:
151:
61:
2934:, although it did not necessarily oppose the state's provision of basic
2770:
Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of
5774:
4586:
4520:
4292:
4154:
2974:
2827:
1705:
1311:
1245:
91:
2893:
5409:
4650:
3946:
2985:
had liberal free trade policies by the 18th century, with origins in
1375:
3488:
Freedom from Want: American
Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer
2892:
176:
6268:
3037:. To the vast majority of American classical liberals, however,
2930:(1776), which advocated minimal interference of government in a
2794:, but tend to support government intervention where it protects
6272:
4430:
3730:
3595:
3593:
2927:
An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
4426:
3726:
3332:"Milton Friedman on the Real World Effects of Labor Unions"
3283:
Simmons, Beth A.; Dobbin, Frank; Garrett, Geoffrey (2006).
3580:
3578:
3285:"Introduction: The International Diffusion of Liberalism"
2798:, opens new markets or funds market growth, and resolves
3063:
Economic liberalism and fiscal liberalism (conservatism)
2861:. As such, economic liberalism today is associated with
3046:
Limits of influence and influence on other perspectives
3221:
3219:
3679:
Neo-Liberal
Ideology: History, Concepts and Policies
6677:
6621:
6595:
6519:
6488:
6437:
6306:
6127:
6070:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
6053:
5835:
5555:
5523:
5475:
5388:
5139:
5063:
5022:
5013:
4907:
4855:
4822:
4742:
4735:
4466:
4305:
4259:
4195:
4106:
3955:
3774:
3362:
Edgework: Critical Essays on
Knowledge And Politics
2004:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3617:
3382:Resilient Liberalism in Europe's Political Economy
3456:Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes
3419:. Dural, Australia: Rosenberg Publishing. p. 75.
3380:. In Thatcher, Mark; Schmidt, Vivien A. (eds.).
3912:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
3641:Introduction to International Political Economy
3384:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–77.
3248:International Political Economy: Sixth Edition
2900:was an early advocate for economic liberalism.
6284:
6095:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
6065:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
4442:
3742:
3599:
3491:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2.
2849:because of its support for free trade and an
2697:
2029:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1999:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
1015:
8:
3104:is a largely free-market economy based on a
2857:and non-capitalist economic orders, such as
6572:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
3639:Balaam, David N; Dillman, Bradford (2015).
3540:Peter Ghosh, Lawrence Goldman, ed. (2006).
3025:Contrast between British and American views
2845:Economic liberalism can be contrasted with
6291:
6277:
6269:
5019:
4739:
4449:
4435:
4427:
3749:
3735:
3727:
3029:Historian Kathleen G. Donohue argues that
2704:
2690:
1033:
1022:
1008:
29:
6100:International Federation of Liberal Youth
3364:. Princeton University Press. p. 39.
3031:classical liberalism in the United States
3020:Contrast with other economic philosophies
2806:. Economic liberals commonly adhere to a
2034:International Federation of Liberal Youth
3378:"Neo-Liberalism and Fiscal Conservatism"
6080:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
3215:
2946:form the basis of economic liberalism.
2014:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
1045:
41:
6527:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
3584:
3569:
3428:
3225:
7:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
6567:North American Free Trade Agreement
6120:Liberal South East European Network
3203:Libertarianism in the United States
2987:capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
2774:. Economic liberals tend to oppose
2054:Liberal South East European Network
6710:Criticism of intellectual property
6532:Bank for International Settlements
3120:that result from market outcomes.
25:
6110:Liberal Network for Latin America
3251:. Routledge. pp. 25, 34–35.
3161:Conservatism in the United States
3079:Position on state interventionism
2044:Liberal Network for Latin America
1477:(contributions to liberal theory)
3714:
3702:
3463:. pp. 31–32. Archived from
3144:
3130:
2671:
2659:
1053:
989:
977:
3660:Classical Liberalism – A Primer
3624:. Manchester University Press.
3505:from the original on 2021-02-01
3398:from the original on 2021-07-26
3342:from the original on 2020-11-25
3265:from the original on 2021-07-21
2993:in 1673, in 1740 which lowered
2853:, and is considered opposed to
27:Political and economic ideology
4693:Separation of church and state
3681:. Edinburgh University Press.
1418:Separation of church and state
1:
4278:Critique of political economy
3485:Donohue, Kathleen G. (2005).
3330:Boudreaux, Don (2015-03-31).
781:Critique of political economy
439:Critique of political economy
6552:Greater Arab Free Trade Area
3862:History of capitalist theory
2814:that advocates a restrained
831:Periodizations of capitalism
6557:International Monetary Fund
3461:University of Chicago Press
3440:Walford v Miles 2 A.C. 128
2920:. It was first analyzed by
2842:are also common positions.
527:Simple commodity production
6797:
6409:Public–private partnership
3677:Turner, Rachel S. (2008).
3546:. OUP Oxford. p. 56.
3289:International Organization
2840:opposition to trade unions
836:Perspectives on capitalism
6354:Foreign direct investment
6255:
6240:Sexually liberal feminism
6147:Bias in American academia
6085:European Democratic Party
4920:Constitutional patriotism
4222:Labour market flexibility
3897:Multinational corporation
3764:
3600:Balaam & Dillman 2015
3301:10.1017/S0020818306060267
2836:labour market flexibility
2641:Sexually liberal feminism
2548:Bias in American academia
2019:European Democratic Party
1475:List of liberal theorists
6766:Ideologies of capitalism
6700:Authoritarian capitalism
6587:World Trade Organization
6344:Economic interdependence
4575:Labor theory of property
3620:Political Ideology Today
3166:Constitutional economics
2889:Origin and early history
1300:Labor theory of property
107:Economic interventionism
6746:Conservative liberalism
6705:Criticism of capitalism
6349:Economic liberalization
6075:Arab Liberal Federation
4957:Neoclassical liberalism
4476:Consent of the governed
4367:Individualist anarchism
3658:Butler, Eamonn (2015).
3376:Gamble, Andrew (2013).
3245:Oatley, Thomas (2019).
3181:Economic liberalization
3088:and various schools of
2776:government intervention
2009:Arab Liberal Federation
1199:Consent of the governed
776:Criticism of capitalism
6751:Economic globalization
6090:European Liberal Youth
6060:Africa Liberal Network
4494:Economic globalization
4332:Collectivist anarchism
4247:Social venture capital
4217:Freedom of association
3707:Quotations related to
3186:Economic progressivism
3003:Dictionary of Commerce
2901:
2873:, and some schools of
2024:European Liberal Youth
1994:Africa Liberal Network
1219:Economic globalization
806:Exploitation of labour
517:Primitive accumulation
6715:Market fundamentalism
6537:European Central Bank
6394:Mundell–Fleming model
6379:Intellectual property
6137:Anti-authoritarianism
6105:Liberal International
4397:Post-scarcity economy
4372:Libertarian socialism
4357:Free-market socialism
4288:Market fundamentalism
4273:Capitalist propaganda
3867:Industrial Revolution
3782:Anarchy of production
3662:. Do Sustainability.
3360:Brown, Wendy (2005).
3102:social market economy
2904:Developed during the
2896:
2666:Liberalism portal
2538:Anti-authoritarianism
2039:Liberal International
984:Capitalism portal
796:Culture of capitalism
751:Capitalist propaganda
507:Industrial Revolution
497:Commercial Revolution
6781:Political ideologies
6741:Classical liberalism
6603:Mont Pelerin Society
6582:World Economic Forum
6339:Economic integration
4967:Right-libertarianism
4837:Liberal conservatism
4698:Separation of powers
3852:Financial Revolution
3817:Economic development
3723:at Wikimedia Commons
3415:Aaron, Eric (2003).
3116:programs to address
2906:Age of Enlightenment
2879:liberal conservatism
2871:right-libertarianism
2863:classical liberalism
1470:Age of Enlightenment
1423:Separation of powers
959:Right-libertarianism
889:Classical liberalism
856:Venture philanthropy
492:Capitalism and Islam
487:Age of Enlightenment
82:Capital accumulation
6756:Economic ideologies
6736:Economic liberalism
6695:Alter-globalization
6496:Fiscal conservatism
4962:Paleolibertarianism
4947:Left-libertarianism
4656:Civil and political
4629:Popular sovereignty
4490:Economic liberalism
4327:Anarcho-syndicalism
4322:Anarcho-primitivism
4207:Economic inequality
3822:Economic liberalism
3721:Economic liberalism
3709:Economic liberalism
3616:Adams, Ian (2001).
3118:social inequalities
3069:fiscal conservatism
2883:fiscal conservatism
2812:economic philosophy
2741:means of production
2717:Economic liberalism
2678:Politics portal
1381:Civil and political
1354:Popular sovereignty
1214:Economic liberalism
996:Business portal
112:Economic liberalism
102:Competitive markets
6690:Anti-globalization
5114:Centrist reformist
4624:Permissive society
4604:Limited government
4347:Economic democracy
4168:Private foundation
3057:division of labour
2973:and the rights of
2965:Initial opposition
2908:, particularly by
2902:
1349:Permissive society
1329:Limited government
756:Capitalist realism
147:Goods and services
127:Fictitious capital
6723:
6722:
6654:Margaret Thatcher
6644:James M. Buchanan
6324:Denationalization
6266:
6265:
6259:Liberalism Portal
6152:Bias in the media
5551:
5550:
5390:Latin America and
5009:
5008:
4952:Geolibertarianism
4882:Liberal socialism
4788:Civic nationalism
4661:Natural and legal
4424:
4423:
4317:Anarcho-communism
4188:Spontaneous order
4183:Social alienation
4140:Economic mobility
3827:Economic planning
3719:Media related to
3587:, pp. 83–84.
3572:, pp. 60–61.
3138:Liberalism portal
3106:free price system
3098:economic planning
3094:public enterprise
3090:social liberalism
3053:social liberalism
3010:Benjamin Disraeli
2955:spontaneous order
2855:planned economies
2786:when it inhibits
2725:economic ideology
2714:
2713:
2553:Bias in the media
2069:Regional variants
1386:Natural and legal
1032:
1031:
851:Spontaneous order
821:History of theory
464:New institutional
434:Market monetarism
369:Economic theories
202:Supply and demand
137:Free price system
16:(Redirected from
6788:
6649:Augusto Pinochet
6639:Ludwig von Mises
6424:Supranationalism
6399:Private property
6334:Economic freedom
6293:
6286:
6279:
6270:
6181:Economic freedom
6174:Radical centrism
5020:
4974:Radical centrism
4887:Social democracy
4870:Liberal feminism
4740:
4688:Secular humanism
4614:Natural monopoly
4565:Internationalism
4461:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4428:
4407:Social anarchism
4382:Market socialism
4377:Market anarchism
4283:Critique of work
4173:Private property
4135:Economic freedom
4130:Decentralization
4108:Cultural aspects
4069:Regulated market
3847:Financial crisis
3832:Entrepreneurship
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3176:Economic freedom
3154:
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3140:
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2753:Great Depression
2737:private property
2727:that supports a
2706:
2699:
2692:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2663:
2582:Economic freedom
2575:Radical centrism
1413:Secular humanism
1339:Natural monopoly
1290:Internationalism
1107:Internationalist
1057:
1034:
1024:
1017:
1010:
994:
993:
982:
981:
786:Critique of work
761:Capitalist state
444:Critique of work
327:Regulated market
229:Economic systems
182:Private property
132:Financial market
122:Entrepreneurship
117:Economic surplus
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6724:
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6685:Anti-capitalism
6673:
6634:Friedrich Hayek
6629:Milton Friedman
6617:
6591:
6547:Federal Reserve
6515:
6484:
6445:Austrian School
6433:
6414:School vouchers
6319:Balanced budget
6302:
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6115:Liberal parties
6049:
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4768:Equity feminism
4731:
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4725:State of nature
4713:Social services
4703:Social contract
4666:To own property
4462:
4457:
4455:
4425:
4420:
4402:Sharing economy
4392:Post-capitalism
4362:Green anarchism
4301:
4268:Anti-capitalism
4255:
4191:
4102:
4094:State-sponsored
3951:
3927:Property rights
3902:Nationalization
3812:Economic bubble
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3112:in markets and
3081:
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2999:J. R. McCulloch
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2891:
2820:balanced budget
2800:market failures
2796:property rights
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2533:
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2327:North Macedonia
2071:
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2049:Liberal parties
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1979:
1978:
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1491:
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1450:State of nature
1438:Social services
1428:Social contract
1391:To own property
1194:
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1185:
1065:
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988:
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969:
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841:Post-capitalism
746:Anti-capitalism
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532:
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352:State-sponsored
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87:Capital markets
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18:Liberal economy
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6679:
6678:Related topics
6675:
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6664:Alan Greenspan
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6245:Utilitarianism
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6218:Libertarianism
6215:
6213:Land value tax
6210:
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6186:Egalitarianism
6183:
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6142:Anti-communism
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6128:Related topics
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4942:Libertarianism
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4708:Social justice
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4663:
4658:
4648:
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4609:Market economy
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4570:Invisible hand
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4560:Harm principle
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3697:External links
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:978-0748688685
3687:
3674:
3669:978-0255367080
3668:
3655:
3650:978-1317347309
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3631:978-0719060205
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3553:978-0191514449
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3528:978-1135923112
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3498:978-0801883910
3497:
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3391:978-1107041530
3390:
3368:
3352:
3322:
3295:(4): 781–810.
3275:
3258:978-1351034647
3257:
3230:
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3152:Economy portal
3141:
3125:
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3114:social welfare
3086:Ordoliberalism
3080:
3077:
3064:
3061:
3047:
3044:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3007:Prime Minister
2983:Ottoman Empire
2966:
2963:
2951:invisible hand
2932:market economy
2890:
2887:
2784:market economy
2772:capital assets
2729:market economy
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2683:
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2680:
2668:
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2649:
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2646:Utilitarianism
2643:
2638:
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2619:Libertarianism
2616:
2614:Land value tax
2611:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Egalitarianism
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Anti-communism
2540:
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2532:Related topics
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2486:Arizona School
2478:
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2454:United Kingdom
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1433:Social justice
1430:
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1334:Market economy
1331:
1326:
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1324:
1319:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1295:Invisible hand
1292:
1287:
1285:Harm principle
1282:
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1004:
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1000:
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986:
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967:
966:
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949:Ordoliberalism
946:
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826:Market economy
823:
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783:
778:
773:
768:
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740:Related topics
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610:State monopoly
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209:
204:
199:
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167:Liberalization
164:
159:
157:Invisible hand
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
72:Businessperson
69:
67:Business cycle
64:
59:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6793:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6776:Neoliberalism
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
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6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
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6701:
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6688:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6670:
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6662:
6660:
6659:Ronald Reagan
6657:
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6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
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6640:
6637:
6635:
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6630:
6627:
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6620:
6614:
6611:
6609:
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6604:
6601:
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6598:
6596:Organizations
6594:
6588:
6585:
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6578:
6575:
6573:
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6525:
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6511:New Democrats
6509:
6507:
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6502:
6499:
6497:
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6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6419:Single market
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6404:Privatization
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6389:Marketization
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Globalization
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6300:Neoliberalism
6294:
6289:
6287:
6282:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6246:
6243:
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6238:
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6233:
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6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6201:Individualism
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6170:
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6126:
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6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
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6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6054:Organisations
6052:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
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6020:
6017:
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6000:
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5987:
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5907:
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5880:
5877:
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5842:
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5813:
5811:
5808:
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5803:
5801:
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5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
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5768:
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5711:
5708:
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5703:
5701:
5698:
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5688:
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5678:
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5638:
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5618:
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5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
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5583:
5581:
5578:
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5554:
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5537:
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5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5488:United States
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:North America
5474:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
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5428:
5425:
5423:
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5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5392:the Caribbean
5387:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
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5344:
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5321:
5319:
5316:
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5311:
5309:
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5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
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5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
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5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
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5232:
5229:
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5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
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5200:
5197:
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5138:
5132:
5129:
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5120:
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5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:
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5102:
5099:
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5094:
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5089:
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5082:
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5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
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5062:
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5048:
5046:
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5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:International
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:Progressivism
4892:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Anti-clerical
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4718:Welfare state
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
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4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
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4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:Laissez-faire
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
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4507:
4505:
4502:
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4500:
4497:
4495:
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4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Eco-socialism
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Labour supply
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Individualism
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:Laissez-faire
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3967:Authoritarian
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Privatization
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Merchantilism
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3857:Globalization
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:. Routledge.
3642:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3602:, p. 48.
3601:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3478:
3467:on 2017-10-12
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3431:, p. 10.
3430:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:What's Right?
3412:
3409:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3356:
3353:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3228:, p. 20.
3227:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3197:Laissez-faire
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Doux commerce
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:laissez-faire
3036:
3035:laissez-faire
3032:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:capitulations
2988:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:neoliberalism
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:protectionism
2843:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:privatization
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:fiscal policy
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:protectionism
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:up until the
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:individualism
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:Individualism
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:United States
2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Latin America
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1986:Organizations
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:Welfare state
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:Laissez-faire
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:
980:
975:
974:
973:
972:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:Neoliberalism
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:Authoritarian
882:
880:
877:
876:
870:
869:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Globalization
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Crisis theory
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
737:
736:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:Intellectuals
624:
623:
616:
615:Technological
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
536:
535:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
408:
407:Institutional
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:
266:Laissez-faire
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Authoritarian
238:
236:
233:
232:
226:
225:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
207:Surplus value
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Privatization
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
6669:Bill Clinton
6608:Chicago boys
6475:Trickle-down
6455:Neoclassical
6384:Laffer curve
6359:Free markets
6329:Deregulation
6235:Pirate Party
5964:Lloyd George
5556:Philosophers
5498:Jeffersonian
5241:Berlusconism
5107:
5045:South Africa
4824:Conservative
4810:Physiocratic
4750:
4671:To bear arms
4619:Open society
4579:
4298:Wage slavery
4252:Unemployment
4232:Productivity
4163:Philanthropy
4024:Mercantilist
4008:
4001:
3972:Conservative
3821:
3807:Deregulation
3768:perspectives
3766:Aspects and
3711:at Wikiquote
3678:
3659:
3640:
3619:
3610:Bibliography
3565:
3557:
3542:
3535:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3487:
3480:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:the original
3455:
3451:Paul Bairoch
3445:
3436:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3400:. Retrieved
3381:
3371:
3361:
3355:
3344:. Retrieved
3335:
3325:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3267:. Retrieved
3247:
3195:
3082:
3066:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3002:
2980:
2968:
2948:
2936:public goods
2925:
2918:mercantilism
2903:
2875:conservatism
2851:open economy
2844:
2824:deregulation
2769:
2765:mercantilism
2757:Keynesianism
2755:and rise of
2716:
2715:
2636:Pirate Party
2496:Jeffersonian
2404:South Africa
1894:Lloyd George
1489:Philosophers
1396:To bear arms
1344:Open society
1304:
1213:
1075:Conservative
861:Wage slavery
801:Evergreening
512:Mercantilism
459:Neoclassical
287:Mercantilist
264:
197:Rent seeking
162:Visible hand
111:
6761:Free market
6501:Thatcherism
6480:Supply-side
6470:Rogernomics
6465:Reaganomics
6034:Verhofstadt
6029:Balcerowicz
5836:Politicians
5765:Collingwood
5705:Tocqueville
5580:Montesquieu
5543:New Zealand
5513:Progressive
5503:Libertarian
5358:Libertarian
5353:Gladstonian
5333:Switzerland
5283:Netherlands
5184:Czech lands
5126:Philippines
5119:Progressive
5101:South Korea
4875:Ecofeminism
4798:Utilitarian
4678:Rule of law
4481:Due process
4417:Syndicalism
4337:Communalism
4202:Corporatism
4178:Rule of law
4125:Consumerism
4115:Advertising
4014:Libertarian
3992:Free-market
3962:Anglo-Saxon
3942:Wage labour
3892:Meritocracy
3842:Externality
3797:Competition
3585:Turner 2008
3570:Turner 2008
3429:Butler 2015
3110:competition
2971:aristocracy
2959:Lord Ackner
2792:competition
2464:Gladstonian
2424:Switzerland
2409:South Korea
2352:Philippines
2312:New Zealand
2307:Netherlands
1964:Verhofstadt
1959:Balcerowicz
1768:Politicians
1696:Collingwood
1636:Tocqueville
1511:Montesquieu
1403:Rule of law
1204:Due process
944:Objectivism
929:Libertarian
846:Speculation
766:Consumerism
600:Progressive
539:Development
522:Physiocracy
469:Supply-side
277:Libertarian
255:Free-market
235:Anglo-Saxon
217:Wage labour
172:Marginalism
142:Free market
97:Corporation
6771:Liberalism
6730:Categories
6577:World Bank
6520:Governance
6460:Monetarism
6364:Free trade
6191:Empiricism
6162:Democratic
6157:Capitalism
5493:Jacksonian
5363:Manchester
5278:Montenegro
5263:Luxembourg
4832:Democratic
4793:Republican
4683:Secularism
4516:Federalism
4459:Liberalism
4306:Antithesis
4237:Prosperity
4212:Employment
4159:Mainstream
4150:Liberalism
4074:Regulatory
4049:Neoliberal
3997:Humanistic
3982:Democratic
3937:Regulation
3802:Depression
3758:Capitalism
3509:2016-12-03
3471:2017-08-16
3402:2021-07-26
3346:2020-10-13
3336:Cafe Hayek
3269:2021-07-21
3226:Adams 2001
3210:References
3073:free trade
2940:capitalist
2922:Adam Smith
2910:Adam Smith
2898:Adam Smith
2804:capitalism
2788:free trade
2749:liberalism
2745:Adam Smith
2592:Empiricism
2563:Democratic
2558:Capitalism
2469:Manchester
2302:Montenegro
2287:Luxembourg
2223:Venizelism
2153:Costa Rica
1408:Secularism
1241:Federalism
1193:Principles
1085:Democratic
1047:Liberalism
924:Liberalism
909:Humanistic
894:Democratic
873:Ideologies
708:Schumpeter
454:Monetarist
385:Chartalism
332:Regulatory
307:Neoliberal
260:Humanistic
43:Capitalism
6613:Third Way
6506:Third Way
6489:Movements
6438:Economics
6314:Austerity
6206:Anarchist
6004:Roosevelt
5974:StĂĄhlberg
5969:Venizelos
5924:Sarmiento
5914:Gladstone
5874:Lamartine
5844:Jefferson
5695:Martineau
5645:De Gouges
5630:Condorcet
5615:Priestley
5531:Australia
5447:Nicaragua
5268:Macedonia
5258:Lithuania
5209:Orléanist
5076:Hong Kong
5015:By region
4984:Christian
4979:Religious
4932:Corporate
4899:Third Way
4744:Classical
4486:Democracy
4412:Socialism
4387:Mutualism
4342:Communism
4312:Anarchism
4261:Criticism
4242:Syndicate
3977:Corporate
3932:Recession
3907:Oligopoly
3872:Invention
3317:146351369
3309:1531-5088
3014:Corn Laws
2944:contracts
2914:feudalism
2859:socialism
2808:political
2761:feudalism
2731:based on
2721:political
2607:Anarchist
2515:Venezuela
2491:Classical
2459:Cobdenism
2362:Cracovian
2317:Nicaragua
2282:Lithuania
2141:Hong Kong
2096:Australia
1934:Roosevelt
1904:StĂĄhlberg
1899:Venizelos
1854:Sarmiento
1844:Gladstone
1804:Lamartine
1774:Jefferson
1626:Martineau
1576:De Gouges
1561:Condorcet
1546:Priestley
1209:Democracy
1181:Third Way
1142:Christian
1137:Religious
1070:Classical
964:Third Way
954:Privatism
914:Inclusive
899:Dirigisme
693:von Mises
580:Illiberal
560:Corporate
555:Community
502:Feudalism
412:Keynesian
402:Classical
245:Corporate
57:Austerity
6562:MERCOSUR
6429:Tax cuts
6196:Humanism
6169:Centrism
5984:Rathenau
5959:Milyukov
5879:Macaulay
5849:Kołłątaj
5820:Kymlicka
5800:Friedman
5745:Cassirer
5735:Hobhouse
5670:Constant
5665:Humboldt
5625:Beccaria
5590:Rousseau
5585:Voltaire
5457:Paraguay
5437:Honduras
5422:Colombia
5378:Whiggist
5368:Muscular
5318:Slovenia
5313:Slovakia
5293:Portugal
5246:Liberism
5169:Bulgaria
5108:Chinilpa
5055:Zimbabwe
4927:Cultural
4842:National
4773:Georgist
4751:Economic
4634:Property
4597:Positive
4592:Negative
4548:Religion
4526:Economic
4499:Equality
4039:National
4034:Monopoly
3987:Dirigist
3956:Ideology
3503:Archived
3453:(1995).
3396:Archived
3340:Archived
3263:Archived
3191:Georgism
3124:See also
2975:monarchs
2828:tax cuts
2597:Humanism
2570:Centrism
2520:Zimbabwe
2474:Whiggism
2434:Thailand
2399:Slovenia
2394:Slovakia
2369:Portugal
2342:Paraguay
2265:Liberism
2230:Honduras
2148:Colombia
2121:Bulgaria
1914:Rathenau
1889:Milyukov
1809:Macaulay
1779:Kołłątaj
1751:Kymlicka
1731:Friedman
1676:Cassirer
1666:Hobhouse
1601:Constant
1596:Humboldt
1556:Beccaria
1521:Rousseau
1516:Voltaire
1359:Property
1322:Positive
1317:Negative
1273:Religion
1251:Economic
1224:Equality
1147:Catholic
1117:National
1112:Muscular
1090:Feminist
1080:Cultural
1039:a series
1037:Part of
791:Cronyism
703:Rothbard
678:Marshall
663:Friedman
595:Merchant
550:Consumer
545:Advanced
380:Austrian
375:American
302:National
297:Monopoly
250:Dirigist
152:Investor
62:Business
51:Concepts
35:a series
33:Part of
6024:Jenkins
6019:Kennedy
6009:Pearson
5994:Einaudi
5979:Gokhale
5939:Itagaki
5934:Naoroji
5929:Mommsen
5909:Lincoln
5899:Mazzini
5884:Kossuth
5869:Broglie
5864:BolĂvar
5859:Artigas
5854:Madison
5715:Spencer
5700:Emerson
5690:Bastiat
5675:Ricardo
5635:Bentham
5575:Spinoza
5536:Small-l
5524:Oceania
5467:Uruguay
5432:Ecuador
5400:Bolivia
5373:Radical
5343:Ukraine
5298:Romania
5273:Moldova
5231:Hungary
5221:Germany
5216:Georgia
5199:Finland
5194:Estonia
5189:Denmark
5174:Croatia
5164:Belgium
5159:Austria
5154:Armenia
5149:Albania
5050:Tunisia
5040:Senegal
5035:Nigeria
4996:Secular
4989:Islamic
4778:Radical
4736:Schools
4639:Private
4587:Liberty
4521:Freedom
4293:Marxism
4155:Liberty
4099:Welfare
4059:Private
4009:Liberal
3775:General
3001:in his
2782:in the
2739:in the
2510:Uruguay
2449:Ukraine
2439:Tunisia
2384:Senegal
2374:Romania
2322:Nigeria
2297:Moldova
2240:Iceland
2235:Hungary
2213:Germany
2208:Georgia
2198:Finland
2193:Estonia
2183:Ecuador
2178:Denmark
2173:Czechia
2158:Croatia
2111:Bolivia
2106:Belgium
2101:Austria
2091:Armenia
2086:Albania
1954:Jenkins
1949:Kennedy
1939:Pearson
1924:Einaudi
1909:Gokhale
1869:Itagaki
1864:Naoroji
1859:Mommsen
1839:Lincoln
1829:Mazzini
1814:Kossuth
1799:Broglie
1794:BolĂvar
1789:Artigas
1784:Madison
1646:Spencer
1631:Emerson
1621:Bastiat
1606:Ricardo
1566:Bentham
1506:Spinoza
1463:History
1364:Private
1312:Liberty
1246:Freedom
1166:Secular
1154:Islamic
1132:Radical
1064:Schools
919:Liberal
879:Anarcho
816:History
648:Malthus
643:Ricardo
605:Rentier
590:Marxist
570:Finance
481:Origins
449:Marxist
397:Chicago
357:Welfare
317:Private
272:Liberal
92:Company
77:Capital
6622:People
6044:Macron
5989:Madero
5954:Deakin
5944:Levski
5919:Cavour
5904:Juárez
5894:Cobden
5825:Badawi
5815:Nozick
5795:Berlin
5785:Popper
5760:Keynes
5755:Ortega
5720:Arnold
5680:Guizot
5640:Korais
5605:Turgot
5565:Milton
5508:Modern
5483:Canada
5452:Panama
5442:Mexico
5410:Lulism
5405:Brazil
5338:Turkey
5328:Sweden
5308:Serbia
5303:Russia
5288:Norway
5253:Latvia
5226:Greece
5204:France
5179:Cyprus
5141:Europe
5131:Turkey
5091:Israel
5023:Africa
5001:Techno
4857:Social
4756:Fiscal
4651:Rights
4644:Public
4553:Speech
4531:Market
4504:Gender
4084:Social
4054:Nordic
4019:Market
3947:Wealth
3922:Profit
3685:
3666:
3647:
3628:
3550:
3526:
3495:
3388:
3315:
3307:
3255:
2995:duties
2838:, and
2818:and a
2503:Modern
2444:Turkey
2429:Taiwan
2419:Sweden
2389:Serbia
2379:Russia
2357:Poland
2337:Panama
2332:Norway
2292:Mexico
2277:Latvia
2255:Israel
2218:Greece
2203:France
2168:Cyprus
2126:Canada
2116:Brazil
2076:Europe
1974:Macron
1919:Madero
1884:Deakin
1874:Levski
1849:Cavour
1834:Juárez
1824:Cobden
1756:Badawi
1746:Nozick
1726:Berlin
1716:Popper
1691:Keynes
1686:Ortega
1651:Arnold
1611:Guizot
1571:Korais
1536:Turgot
1496:Milton
1376:Rights
1369:Public
1278:Speech
1256:Market
1229:Gender
1176:Techno
1171:Social
1159:Jewish
1095:Equity
718:Weaver
713:Veblen
688:Walras
683:Pareto
673:Keynes
575:Global
342:Social
312:Nordic
282:Market
192:Profit
6307:Ideas
6228:Right
6039:Obama
6014:Ohlin
5949:Kemal
5805:Rawls
5780:Hayek
5770:ÄŚapek
5750:Mises
5740:Croce
5730:Weber
5725:Acton
5655:Staël
5620:Paine
5610:Burke
5595:Smith
5570:Locke
5417:Chile
5323:Spain
5236:Italy
5106:Anti-
5096:Japan
5081:India
5071:China
5030:Egypt
4908:Other
4865:Green
4543:Press
4536:Trade
4509:Legal
4467:Ideas
4089:State
4079:Rhine
4029:Mixed
3313:S2CID
2877:like
2719:is a
2629:Right
2414:Spain
2272:Japan
2260:Italy
2245:India
2188:Egypt
2136:China
2131:Chile
1969:Obama
1944:Ohlin
1879:Kemal
1736:Rawls
1711:Hayek
1701:ÄŚapek
1681:Mises
1671:Croce
1661:Weber
1656:Acton
1586:Staël
1551:Paine
1541:Burke
1526:Smith
1501:Locke
1268:Press
1261:Trade
1234:Legal
1102:Green
728:Coase
723:Weber
668:Hayek
633:Smith
565:Crony
427:Post-
347:State
337:Rhine
292:Mixed
212:Value
177:Money
6368:area
6223:Left
5999:King
5889:Deák
5790:Aron
5710:Mill
5685:List
5600:Kant
5462:Peru
5427:Cuba
5086:Iran
5064:Asia
4847:Ordo
4805:Whig
3683:ISBN
3664:ISBN
3645:ISBN
3626:ISBN
3548:ISBN
3524:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3386:ISBN
3305:ISSN
3253:ISBN
3100:. A
3096:and
2981:The
2916:and
2881:and
2810:and
2790:and
2778:and
2763:and
2735:and
2723:and
2624:Left
2347:Peru
2250:Iran
2163:Cuba
1929:King
1819:Deák
1721:Aron
1641:Mill
1616:List
1531:Kant
1127:Ordo
698:Rand
658:Marx
638:Mill
585:Late
417:Neo-
5810:Sen
5660:Say
4761:Neo
4064:Raw
4044:Neo
3297:doi
2924:in
1741:Sen
1591:Say
1122:Neo
934:Neo
904:Eco
653:Say
422:New
390:MMT
322:Raw
6732::
5775:Hu
3592:^
3577:^
3556:.
3501:.
3459:.
3394:.
3338:.
3334:.
3311:.
3303:.
3293:60
3291:.
3287:.
3261:.
3233:^
3218:^
3075:.
2869:,
2865:,
2834:,
2830:,
2826:,
2767:.
2743:.
1706:Hu
1041:on
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6278:v
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3691:.
3672:.
3653:.
3634:.
3530:.
3512:.
3474:.
3405:.
3366:.
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