1712:
1700:
94:
1861:, including those in the Propaganda Movement, sought reform of the governance of the Philippines and a curtailing of Catholic power. In particular, they called for an end to racial discrimination, and thus the full application of Spanish law in the Philippines, which would provide full rights to those in the Philippines as Spanish citizens with full representation in the Spanish Cortes.
1870:
24:
1811:. However, this representation was short-lived. The promises of liberalism in Spain were never fully implemented in the Philippines, where the powers of the state and church increased rather than decreased. The promise of equality under the law for all Spanish citizens in particular was never achieved, with non-
1966:. The election eventually ended, placing Duterte as president. The regime, also known as "Dutertismo", was opposed by Liberalists and priests. The regime was also opposed following allegations of mass murder. Sources also say that Duterte criticized the Liberalist ideology and disrespected the press.
1901:
features a nationalist figure named Elias, whose ideologies include
Radicalism and Liberalism, which further popularized the ideology. Many early thinkers drew directly from the rise of liberalism in Spain during the 19th century. Others, such as Rizal, had philosophies that differed from the
1914:. Compared to the prominence in Filipino politics, the ideology never caught on to society; while the leaders saw themselves as Liberal, the rest of the country did not. The ideology of liberalism increased when the idea of de-colonization from the
2059:
1821:, a Filipino writer sometimes known as "El Conde Filipino", published books popularizing and defending the liberalist ideology. Many of his ideologies reached liberal families, especially in
1825:, where the popularization and emergence later prompted the creation of the Comite de Reformadores of 1869, the first Liberal Party. The party included various people, including Father
2109:
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42:
1974:
Philippine liberalism, more than other things, is related to the ideology of debating. Most of the popular
Filipino liberalists are debaters, including educator
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1955:
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1159:
2090:
2339:
2309:
de Llobet, Ruth (2018). "Luis RodrĂguez Varela: literatura panfletaria criollista en los albores del liberalismo en
Filipinas, 1790-1824".
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1221:
1216:
1529:
1241:
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694:
1877:
During the
Spanish tenure, Filipino revolutionary José Rizal hinted multiple references to the Liberalist ideology, while critics like
1800:
1452:
1350:
1298:
1236:
1231:
1169:
837:
2234:"Oscillating between populism and liberalism in the Philippines: participatory education's role in addressing stubborn inequalities"
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60:
1902:
mainstream liberalism that developed in Spain, for example being less opposed to the influence of the
Catholic Church in society.
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1519:
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887:
456:
34:
2179:
1771:
1400:
1365:
1345:
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1841:. After, nationalism in the Philippines was founded on liberalism, creating the first generation of nationalists, the
1767:
1728:
1390:
967:
434:
328:
2027:
1930:. He stated that his actions constituted a “democratic revolution from the center". His rule also fought against the
857:
1898:
1889:. Liberalism was mostly used during the Philippine revolution, after other international revolutions including the
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892:
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108:
1770:, one of the oldest parties in the Philippines. The ideology slowly died out during the 2000s, with
2354:
1938:. The Liberal Party later became the main opposition of the Marcos regime. A revolution, named the
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The first challenge of
Filipino liberalism was the rule of the former president and dictator
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133:
1975:
1815:
not being granted equality with native
Spaniards in a racially segmented Spanish Empire.
1786:. The ideology currently sits in a low position, submerged by other popular ideologies.
1766:
hinted at liberalism in his works. The ideology emerged more during the creation of the
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1911:
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160:
2089:
Miranda, Felipe B.; Rivera, Temario C.; Ronas, Malaya C.; Holmes, Ronald D. (2011).
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1812:
1807:. This constitution even included the representation of the Philippines within the
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2060:"Welcoming What Comes: Sovereignty and Revolution in the Colonial Philippines"
1910:
During the
American tenure, Liberalism became the main ideology, which helped
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1591:
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774:
564:
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85:
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2029:
Liberalism and the
Postcolony: Thinking the State in 20th-Century Philippines
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350:
284:
2142:"The Erosion of Liberalism and the Rise of Duterte in the Philippines"
1822:
414:
2098:. Quezon City: Commission on Human Rights, Philippines. p. 95.
1868:
1850:
1946:, as president. The revolution itself was considered Liberalist.
17:
1837:. The party later ended by government suppression in the
1958:, two favored candidates were foreseen, Liberalist
1043:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
1942:, threw down the Marcos regime and set a Liberal,
1849:. This type of liberalism surrounded a group from
2259:20.500.11820/6014417b-a302-4966-ab51-5410e818c8e9
1873:A picture of Jose Rizal, a radical and a liberal.
1845:. This group included the Filipino revolutionary
1833:, including people such as Felipe Buencamino and
2092:Chasing the Wind Assessing Philippine Democracy
37:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
2168:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 105–106.
1736:
1068:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1038:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
8:
2311:Revista de crĂtica literaria latinoamericana
2053:
2051:
2049:
2213:(3). Ateneo de Manila University: 231–240.
2162:Abinales, P. N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005).
2064:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1743:
1729:
72:
2257:
2201:John N. Schumacher (Third Quarter 1978).
1829:. The party also had a youth wing in the
1073:International Federation of Liberal Youth
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
2203:"Rizal the Revolutionary and the Ateneo"
1778:and other outside ideologies, including
1991:
1053:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
84:
2238:Globalisation, Societies and Education
1956:2016 Philippine presidential election
7:
2345:Liberalism and radicalism by country
2282:"Debating and Philippine liberalism"
2182:from the original on January 3, 2014
2165:State and Society in the Philippines
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2134:
2132:
2130:
2021:
2019:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
2026:Claudio, Lisandro E. (2017-03-24).
1093:Liberal South East European Network
2058:Vicente L. Rafael (January 2010).
14:
2007:"Jose Rizal: The Radical Liberal"
1799:The 19th century saw the rise of
1083:Liberal Network for Latin America
516:(contributions to liberal theory)
2115:from the original on May 9, 2021
1768:Liberal Party of the Philippines
1710:
1698:
92:
22:
1762:, when Filipino revolutionary
457:Separation of church and state
1:
2280:Gloria, Glenda (2015-06-19).
2250:10.1080/14767724.2022.2048799
1756:Liberalism in the Philippines
1805:Spanish Constitution of 1812
2340:Politics of the Philippines
2232:Horner, Lindsey K. (2024).
2371:
2076:10.1017/S0010417509990363
1865:The Philippine Revolution
1831:University of Santo Tomas
1680:Sexually liberal feminism
1587:Bias in American academia
1058:European Democratic Party
514:List of liberal theorists
339:Labor theory of property
1940:People Power Revolution
1048:Arab Liberal Federation
238:Consent of the governed
1874:
1063:European Liberal Youth
1033:Africa Liberal Network
258:Economic globalization
1885:hinted to Rizal as a
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1819:Luis RodrĂguez-Varela
1803:, culminating in the
1760:Philippine Revolution
1705:Liberalism portal
1577:Anti-authoritarianism
1078:Liberal International
509:Age of Enlightenment
462:Separation of powers
1936:Oligarchic families
1891:American Revolution
1855:Propaganda Movement
1801:liberalism in Spain
1758:emerged during the
1717:Politics portal
420:Civil and political
393:Popular sovereignty
253:Economic liberalism
2207:Philippine Studies
1879:Renato Constantino
1875:
1839:1872 Cavite mutiny
388:Permissive society
368:Limited government
41:You can assist by
2175:978-0-7425-1024-1
2105:978-971-93106-4-8
2039:978-981-4722-52-0
1895:French Revolution
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1780:authoritarianism
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2263:. Retrieved
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2184:. Retrieved
2164:
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2145:. Retrieved
2117:. Retrieved
2091:
2084:
2067:
2063:
2028:
1976:Camilo OsĂas
1973:
1953:
1925:
1909:
1897:. The novel
1876:
1858:
1817:
1813:peninsulares
1798:
1755:
1754:
1675:Pirate Party
1535:Jeffersonian
1443:South Africa
933:Lloyd George
528:Philosophers
435:To bear arms
383:Open society
343:
114:Conservative
57:
48:
35:copy editing
33:may require
32:
15:
1954:During the
1922:Martial law
1827:José Burgos
1503:Gladstonian
1463:Switzerland
1448:South Korea
1391:Philippines
1351:New Zealand
1346:Netherlands
1003:Verhofstadt
998:Balcerowicz
807:Politicians
735:Collingwood
675:Tocqueville
550:Montesquieu
442:Rule of law
243:Due process
2355:Liberalism
2350:José Rizal
2334:Categories
2291:2024-08-09
1986:References
1859:Ilustrados
1847:Jose Rizal
1843:Ilustrados
1764:José Rizal
1631:Empiricism
1602:Democratic
1597:Capitalism
1508:Manchester
1341:Montenegro
1326:Luxembourg
1262:Venizelism
1192:Costa Rica
447:Secularism
280:Federalism
232:Principles
124:Democratic
86:Liberalism
43:editing it
2323:0252-8843
1970:Relations
1960:Grace Poe
1916:Americans
1646:Anarchist
1554:Venezuela
1530:Classical
1498:Cobdenism
1401:Cracovian
1356:Nicaragua
1321:Lithuania
1180:Hong Kong
1135:Australia
973:Roosevelt
943:StĂĄhlberg
938:Venizelos
893:Sarmiento
883:Gladstone
843:Lamartine
813:Jefferson
665:Martineau
615:De Gouges
600:Condorcet
585:Priestley
248:Democracy
220:Third Way
181:Christian
176:Religious
109:Classical
2265:6 August
2219:42632435
2180:Archived
2147:5 August
2110:Archived
1893:and the
1784:populism
1772:the rule
1636:Humanism
1609:Centrism
1559:Zimbabwe
1513:Whiggism
1473:Thailand
1438:Slovenia
1433:Slovakia
1408:Portugal
1381:Paraguay
1304:Liberism
1269:Honduras
1187:Colombia
1160:Bulgaria
953:Rathenau
928:Milyukov
848:Macaulay
818:Kołłątaj
790:Kymlicka
770:Friedman
715:Cassirer
705:Hobhouse
640:Constant
635:Humboldt
595:Beccaria
560:Rousseau
555:Voltaire
398:Property
361:Positive
356:Negative
312:Religion
290:Economic
263:Equality
186:Catholic
156:National
151:Muscular
129:Feminist
119:Cultural
78:a series
76:Part of
2303:Sources
2286:RAPPLER
2186:June 7,
2119:June 7,
1887:radical
1790:History
1549:Uruguay
1488:Ukraine
1478:Tunisia
1423:Senegal
1413:Romania
1361:Nigeria
1336:Moldova
1279:Iceland
1274:Hungary
1252:Germany
1247:Georgia
1237:Finland
1232:Estonia
1222:Ecuador
1217:Denmark
1212:Czechia
1197:Croatia
1150:Bolivia
1145:Belgium
1140:Austria
1130:Armenia
1125:Albania
993:Jenkins
988:Kennedy
978:Pearson
963:Einaudi
948:Gokhale
908:Itagaki
903:Naoroji
898:Mommsen
878:Lincoln
868:Mazzini
853:Kossuth
838:Broglie
833:BolĂvar
828:Artigas
823:Madison
685:Spencer
670:Emerson
660:Bastiat
645:Ricardo
605:Bentham
545:Spinoza
502:History
403:Private
351:Liberty
285:Freedom
205:Secular
193:Islamic
171:Radical
103:Schools
2321:
2217:
2172:
2102:
2036:
1823:Manila
1542:Modern
1483:Turkey
1468:Taiwan
1458:Sweden
1428:Serbia
1418:Russia
1396:Poland
1376:Panama
1371:Norway
1331:Mexico
1316:Latvia
1294:Israel
1257:Greece
1242:France
1207:Cyprus
1165:Canada
1155:Brazil
1115:Europe
1013:Macron
958:Madero
923:Deakin
913:Levski
888:Cavour
873:Juárez
863:Cobden
795:Badawi
785:Nozick
765:Berlin
755:Popper
730:Keynes
725:Ortega
690:Arnold
650:Guizot
610:Korais
575:Turgot
535:Milton
415:Rights
408:Public
317:Speech
295:Market
268:Gender
215:Techno
210:Social
198:Jewish
134:Equity
2215:JSTOR
2113:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
2010:(PDF)
1851:Spain
1668:Right
1453:Spain
1311:Japan
1299:Italy
1284:India
1227:Egypt
1175:China
1170:Chile
1008:Obama
983:Ohlin
918:Kemal
775:Rawls
750:Hayek
740:ÄŚapek
720:Mises
710:Croce
700:Weber
695:Acton
625:Staël
590:Paine
580:Burke
565:Smith
540:Locke
307:Press
300:Trade
273:Legal
141:Green
2319:ISSN
2267:2024
2188:2021
2170:ISBN
2149:2024
2121:2021
2100:ISBN
2034:ISBN
1881:and
1782:and
1663:Left
1386:Peru
1289:Iran
1202:Cuba
968:King
858:Deák
760:Aron
680:Mill
655:List
570:Kant
166:Ordo
2254:hdl
2246:doi
2072:doi
1857:".
1774:of
780:Sen
630:Say
161:Neo
2336::
2315:44
2284:.
2252:.
2242:22
2240:.
2236:.
2211:26
2209:.
2205:.
2178:.
2129:^
2108:.
2068:52
2066:.
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2048:^
2018:^
1994:^
1982:.
745:Hu
80:on
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2012:.
1744:e
1737:t
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64:)
58:(
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49:(
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39:.
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