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pressing emergencies, no one is allowed to leave the shrine until its completion, as it is considered disrespectful to the invited beings. Offerings of food, beverages and incense, chanting and reciting of secret mantras and various sutras, transmitting precepts and bowing in repentance on behalf of the higher and lower beings are the core procedures in the inner shrine.
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While the inner shrine is conducting the ritual, separate shrines will also conduct their own sessions for reciting sutra texts. Because of the large requirement of sutra texts and rituals, the responsibility is often divided among the invited monastic Sangha. Therefore, having one monastic reciting
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Because of the ceremony's exquisite and very detailed ritual procedure, most temples may hold it only once and possibly may not hold one again because of the strenuous cost to invite monks, as well as the difficulty in having to set up the ritual platforms itself. The ceremony itself may draw large
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Even as the ritual in both the inner and outer shrines are being held throughout the day and night, the routine morning and evening sessions of chanting and meditation in the monastery or temple are not neglected; some sponsors may choose to stay in retreat at the monastery during that time to join
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Inviting and offering to the lower beings (請下堂/供下堂): As in the previous invitation, a cloth bridge is set up to welcome lower beings into the inner shrine. Esoteric mantras are recited to bring the beings from the lower and hell realms to be present for the ritual. More offerings of incense, food,
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Issuing the invitation (發符): A ritual writ of invitation describing the intent of the main donors that the liberation rite is occurring at the temple is issued by the presiding masters. This is done in the form of a paper horseman who is tasked with issuing the invite. This paper horseman is then
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Inviting and offering to the higher beings (請上堂/供上堂): A cloth bridge and pavilion for bathing is set up to invite beings from the higher realms to be present for the ritual. Once invited, offerings of incense, food, flowers, and other delicacies are made, all while the Dharma teaching is ritually
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ritual performed by temples and presided over by high monks. The service is often credited as one of the greatest rituals in
Chinese Buddhism, as it is also the most elaborate and requires the labor of monastics and temple staff and the financial funding of lay Buddhist sponsors. The ceremony is
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Final offering and send off (圓滿香/送聖): A final offering of incense, food, drink, and flowers are made to all invited beings. The last ritual is often the most elaborate and elegant of the rituals, as it involves rare musical performance from monastics and invited orchestral bands. Each of their
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among all of the monastics, sponsors, and guests attending, many temples usually restrict public access to the shrine so that only high ranking and assigned monks, sponsors, and special guests are invited to enter when the ritual is not in session. When a ritual session begins, apart from any
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decorated with paper flowers and talismans which contain the core essence of the invited spirit and a painting that describes who each of the beings are, along with a verse taken from the inner shrine ritual text. Lastly, tables are set out for the monastics and sponsors to use, complete with
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The Inner Shrine is the core of the entire liberation rite and the most elaborate of all the other shrines. The inner shrine comprises twenty-four smaller altars: twelve for the higher beings and twelve for the lower beings. Each altar has their own classification ranging from other buddhas,
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Several halls are erected for this festival. The first is known as the Inner Shrine, while the others constitute the Outer Shrine. Each performs its own ceremony for a different purpose. The primary focus is the Inner Shrine, which infers the collective merits of the Outer Shrine.
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and elsewhere in East Asia since most monks have practiced and mastered procedures for this ceremony for years. In modern times, it has become common for some temples to prepare months or years in advance by having the monastics recite and perform the required texts in advance.
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Setting the boundary (結界): Through the recitation of secret mantras, a ritual purification and boundary is placed around the inner shrine to protect it from negative influences, allowing the rite to progress without outside hindrances, and for all beings to be invited without
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Before such ceremony can take place, a purification of the entire temple or monastery space must be completed, usually presided by the abbot or elder monastics. Once it is finished, the outer and inner shrines are opened and all will simultaneously start their own service.
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The main goal of the ceremony is to invite beings of higher realms to help the beings in the lower realms get out of their sufferings. It is said that those who participate receive great merit and blessings, even to those who do not contribute.
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Precepts for the dead (幽冥戒): In the evening, the presiding masters will invoke teachings to the invited lower beings. The registered ancestral or deceased relations of the main sponsors will also ritually receive the
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The outer shrine usually consists of separate halls, all of which are open for public participation to help create merit for the work being done in the inner shrine. Each shrine recites different sutras such as the
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crowds of practitioners and donors but it might also affect a temple financially; hence this can be seen as a way of demonstrating skillful means by showing the importance of the concept of
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burned outside the temple premises. Meanwhile, a giant banner (for the higher beings) and lanterns (for the lower beings) are raised on tall bamboo stalks or flagpoles, a paper effigy
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is erected outside the inner shrine, and a ceremonial bulletin announcing the liberation rite and who the sponsors are ritually marked by the temple abbot using a calligraphy brush.
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effigies in the inner shrine (in the form of paper plaques) are paraded on the temple grounds and collectively placed onto a paper boat and burned, symbolizing their ascent to the
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The required texts for the outer shrine as suggested by Chan Master Baozhi are the following:
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a text will count toward having one required text recited.
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Required recited texts and rituals for the outer shrine
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