622:
458:
320:
1404:
257:
236:
578:
215:
901:, following riots at the Moomba Music Festival in the city. This campaign was criticised by local community leaders and the Green party as an attempt to use "race to win votes and whip up hatred". In reality, South Sudanese Australians only commit around 1% of all crimes in Melbourne, which is higher than their share of the population (0.14%), but not unusually so when adjusted for the low average age of the South Sudanese-born population.
278:
173:
946:
resulted in many examples of racist discourse on social media, leading
Anthony Kelly, executive officer of of Melbourne's Flemington and Kensington Community Legal Centre, to describe it as a "racialised moral panic". The aftermath of the panic caused black people in Melbourne to fear that they would be arrested simply for congregating in public spaces, with South Sudanese people reporting high levels of targeting by police.
4154:
194:
4251:
299:
1390:
45:
4164:
2005:
840:'s initial implication that the only "black people" in Australia would be of African descent, wrote "In the dominant Australian narrative, blacks are regarded as Aboriginal. This is a narrative with little space for non-Indigenous black Australians". Guantai goes on to highlight some differences in the experience of the various groups -
2434:
Externally
Africans are collectively known as 'African Australians'. This label displays a generalised image for all African descent people. The colloquial phrase can be interpreted in two ways: first as group identity that signals pan-African ethnicity; and second as Diasporic identity appealing to
829:, based on a survey of 184 Australians, examining the quantitative data for use in developing strategies to combat prejudice, and the media's role in the development of negative attitudes. It compared the results of the study with those previously found in looking at attitudes towards Indigenous and
978:
This list includes only individuals who immigrated directly from Africa to
Australia, plus those who had an immediate ancestor who made such a migration. Individuals of African origin who migrated from non-African countries, or those whose entire African ancestry stems from such migration, are not
1783:
It is a common misconception that people from
African backgrounds are one and the same. While the strong African spirit and pride certainly unifies, people from African backgrounds represent tremendous diversity in ethnicity, race, language, culture and religion. After all, the African continent
945:
Criminologists and the police commissioners of
Melbourne state that episodes of youth criminality occurring in Melbourne do not amount to "gang activity" or organised crime, according to the definition used by law enforcement. The debate around so-called "African gangs" was highly racialised and
779:
As
Africans only began to migrate to Australia in larger numbers much later than Africans were brought to the United States as slaves, and those who settled in parts of Europe, African Australian status is largely a new challenge for Australian authorities, and it is acknowledged that widespread
875:
found that South
Sudanese-born individuals were significantly overrepresented in as perpetrators of "crimes against the person", such as robbery and assault, but that "rates for less serious crimes, such as public order and drug offences, have remained stable and relatively low for South
608:
African
Australians are Australians of direct Sub-Saharan African ancestry. They are from diverse racial, cultural, linguistic, religious, educational and employment backgrounds. The majority (72.6%) of African emigrants to Australia are from southern and eastern Africa. The
851:
heritage, underlined the
African connection to Aboriginal Australians, citing "long histories of African/Indigenous relationships both inside and outside Australia", despite the many and varied origins and experiences of blackness among peoples in the
413:
from various regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and descendants of such immigrants. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within Sub-Saharan
African ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 1.3%.
2113:
864:
In 2021, it was reported that African Australians, predominantly of South Sudanese descent, comprised 19 percent of young people in custody in Victoria, despite making up less than 0.5 percent of the overall population. Previously, in 2013
552:
However, immigration from Africa to Australia generally remained limited until the 1990s, thus compared to other established European and American countries, African Australian community remains new in the country itself.
621:
969:
and as relating to being African Australian. As a group identity, "African Australian" can denote pan-African ethnic identity, as well as a diasporic identity in relation to the perception of Africa as a homeland.
763:
broadcasting began with a 6am service by SBS in 1975, and from 2016, SBS began a year-long trial of SBS Arabic 24, a 24/7 digital radio station and website. It continues today and includes an Arabic24
457:
3874:
2407:
2302:
534:
Following the 1823 Demerara Slave Rebellion in British Guiana, several hundreds of enslaved Africans who had participated in the rebellion were deported to Queensland, Australia.
1548:
4200:
871:
2382:
1576:
2597:
2327:
703:
A significant number of African migrants have come to Australia through a skilled migration stream. In the 2011–2012 fiscal year, these individuals were chiefly from
672:
Additionally, other immigrants from Africa arrived through a family reunion migration stream. In the 2011–2012 fiscal year, these individuals were primarily from
5448:
799:
1711:
1599:
1523:
1064:
31:
5424:
1625:
1743:
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An oral history project recording the migration journeys and settlement experiences of southern Sudanese refugees now living in Blacktown, Western Sydney.
2428:
Abay Adhana (2017). "Strategic othering through 'African Australian' as a collective identity: A view from African background young people in Melbourne".
2845:
1797:"Joint Submission on the Australian Human Rights Commission Discussion Paper: African Australians: A report on human rights and social inclusion issues"
1796:
2518:
844:, immigrants from Africa, the black descendants of settlers, and black people who arrive from other white-majority countries such as the UK or the US.
4086:
3541:
3350:
2630:
2448:
4428:
4113:
4071:
2229:
545:, to travel to Australia during the mid-1960s. More than 70 percent of those from West African countries remained in Australia following military
1821:
5443:
3556:
2023:
1219:
767:. An English language program, simply called SBS African (nicknamed the African Hour) was broadcast until 2017, when it was cut from schedule.
3046:
4423:
4193:
3655:
1503:
1329:
1007:
912:
1802:. NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) with the Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC)
2625:
2590:
62:
3063:
869:
settled a racial profiling complaint lodged by members of the African community by agreeing to review its procedures. A 2020 study in the
4021:
3242:
2530:
937:
3247:
2303:"How the panic about Melbourne's so-called African gangs haunts this Victorian election | Victoria state election 2022 | The Guardian"
1433:
789:
3024:
3630:
3340:
2723:
2493:
1853:
128:
2896:
477:
to Australia is only a recent phenomenon, with Europe and Asia traditionally being the largest sources of migration to Australia.
109:
4186:
3991:
3175:
2869:
650:
81:
3986:
2583:
610:
2838:
2653:
1784:
comprises more than 50 countries. The impression of homogeneity is only one of many misconceptions about African Australians.
66:
4525:
2251:
88:
5393:
3732:
3695:
3595:
3526:
3512:
3256:
3190:
2781:
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2658:
2640:
2620:
1417:
933:
853:
383:
1647:
3625:
2718:
2668:
1577:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
886:
732:
325:
4016:
3971:
3899:
3546:
3160:
956:
905:
4167:
1767:
95:
2083:"Black African Immigrants to Australia: Prejudice and the Function of Attitudes - Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology"
1718:
1603:
519:
have also been arriving in Australia since before federation in 1901. They came as convicts, prospectors who sought
5328:
4367:
4046:
3950:
3910:
3585:
3185:
3170:
2953:
2678:
1518:
1483:
55:
4675:
4372:
4157:
3797:
3650:
3645:
2831:
1478:
962:
807:
5420:
3424:
2874:
1750:
1549:"Australian Bureau of Statistics : Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021"
77:
4945:
3700:
3135:
1892:
410:
4498:
2056:
4885:
4282:
1918:
1684:
496:
ever discovered in Australia. Other people descended from African emigrants later arrived indirectly via the
5381:
5364:
5232:
5092:
4868:
4705:
4651:
4570:
4565:
4488:
4483:
4468:
4362:
4240:
4209:
4133:
3925:
3580:
3251:
2673:
2230:"Too many young African-Australians are in jail. Some blame police, but the data tells a more complex story"
929:
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4992:
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4227:
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3081:
3007:
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2698:
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1513:
1493:
848:
841:
815:
795:
156:
4920:
4900:
4804:
4695:
4636:
4575:
4357:
4322:
4317:
4307:
4267:
3093:
429:
traditionally being the largest sources of migration to Australia. African Australians come from diverse
5371:
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5318:
5269:
5207:
5157:
5097:
5062:
5057:
5002:
4863:
4836:
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4641:
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4609:
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4377:
4347:
4342:
4297:
4287:
4103:
4028:
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3222:
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2883:
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1463:
1448:
1438:
1374:
811:
646:
5289:
4809:
4656:
2510:
2126:
991:
918:
claiming that Melburnians were afraid to leave their homes at night due to gang-related violence. Then-
5323:
5264:
4592:
1828:
1600:"Settler arrival data: selected countries of birth by migration stream for the financial year 2011–12"
5386:
5333:
5313:
5259:
5217:
5192:
5182:
5117:
5032:
5007:
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4970:
4940:
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4710:
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4602:
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4352:
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4292:
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2738:
2278:"South Sudanese gangs a 'real concern' in Melbourne, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull says - ABC News"
2040:
1508:
1488:
1468:
1453:
1443:
1422:
1019:
894:
538:
520:
911:
described the supposed presence of South Sudanese gangs in Melbourne as a "real concern", with then-
5403:
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5308:
5299:
5294:
5212:
5197:
5147:
5142:
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5122:
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5012:
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1689:
987:
919:
748:
509:
355:
5408:
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5359:
5274:
5247:
5242:
5222:
5132:
5112:
5102:
5047:
5037:
5022:
4856:
4841:
4779:
4774:
4730:
4720:
4690:
4668:
4548:
4543:
4327:
4093:
3976:
3742:
3705:
3665:
3600:
3315:
2786:
2210:
2202:
1870:
1473:
1458:
1214:
966:
830:
402:
350:
241:
102:
2948:
2179:"Australian Blackness, the African Diaspora and Afro/Indigenous Connections in the Global South"
2000:
5237:
5202:
5052:
5027:
5017:
4975:
4965:
4960:
4915:
4905:
4890:
4878:
4725:
4646:
4619:
4597:
4535:
4458:
4056:
3996:
3856:
3722:
3590:
3481:
3237:
3212:
2499:
2489:
2194:
2104:
1991:
1498:
1184:
1174:
1059:
826:
819:
752:
546:
493:
220:
2252:"Fact check: Do Sudanese people account for only 1 per cent of crimes committed in Victoria?"
30:
This article is about Australians of Sub-Saharan African descent. For Northern Africans, see
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3498:
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3232:
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3130:
3125:
3103:
3098:
3034:
3012:
2916:
2891:
2854:
2186:
2178:
2094:
1981:
1428:
1395:
1279:
1229:
1224:
1199:
1189:
1029:
908:
768:
756:
744:
262:
2206:
613:
classifies all residents into cultural and ethnic groups according to geographical origin.
5303:
3780:
3712:
3635:
3517:
3493:
3461:
3456:
3407:
3380:
3370:
3276:
3155:
2975:
2958:
2921:
2911:
2733:
2519:"Adelaide's African-Australian women are fighting barriers stopping them playing football"
1324:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1119:
1079:
1069:
1011:
866:
760:
485:
283:
178:
2328:"African gang panic in Melbourne: Lessons from a scare campaign one state election later"
2449:"Football's A-League is lighting up with a new generation of African-Australian players"
2408:"How the panic about Melbourne's so-called African gangs haunts this Victorian election"
591:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2383:"Is Melbourne in the grip of African crime gangs? The facts behind the lurid headlines"
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1054:
922:
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528:
489:
406:
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Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
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civil rights activists has been little known or understood in the US. In 2011, the
689:
629:
ancestry whose parents were both born in Australia as a fraction of total residents
626:
557:
373:
2151:
2483:
1871:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2011"
794:
The concept of how the American notion of "blackness" was adopted and adapted by
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1124:
1114:
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1044:
1003:
940:
740:
719:
638:
633:
Some of the most significant migration streams as of 2011-2012 were as follows:
564:, constituting the sixth and seventh largest sources of migrants, respectively.
505:
497:
398:
44:
4066:
3737:
3677:
3395:
3002:
2753:
2728:
2683:
2503:
2009:
1385:
1369:
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1109:
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1039:
999:
837:
524:
501:
466:
446:
199:
2198:
2108:
2024:"Growing Up African in Australia: Racism, resilience and the right to belong"
1995:
1986:
1969:
3335:
3261:
1943:
1661:
1319:
1204:
1104:
1024:
898:
893:
In 2016, the Liberal Party began to campaign against what it identified as "
847:
In 2018 Kaiya Aboagye, a PhD student of Ghanaian, Aboriginal, South Sea and
637:
Other immigrants from Africa arrived via humanitarian programs, mostly from
516:
481:
430:
1768:"African Australians: A Report on Human Rights and Social Inclusion Issues"
4178:
2277:
1970:"Blackness as Burden? The Lived Experience of Black Africans in Australia"
3486:
3439:
3385:
3202:
3086:
3056:
3039:
2931:
2575:
735:(SBS) broadcasts in five African languages on radio, including Nuer and
718:
Some African immigrants have also arrived via a secondary migration from
673:
666:
442:
438:
304:
2099:
2082:
4128:
4118:
2990:
2401:
2399:
2376:
2374:
2004:
1129:
764:
708:
693:
685:
654:
642:
537:
The Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan enabled students from
500:
and 19th century multicultural maritime industry. Notable examples are
434:
3412:
3330:
3288:
2963:
2562:
983:
712:
697:
681:
662:
658:
474:
422:
418:
961:
African Australian identity is the objective or subjective state of
2823:
641:. In the 2011–2012 fiscal year, these individuals were mainly from
556:
In 2005–06, permanent settler arrivals to Australia included 4,000
3805:
3429:
2552:
1425:, a category that includes Australians of African-American descent
704:
677:
620:
561:
542:
462:
456:
378:
1602:. Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Archived from
928:
The debate on "African gangs" in Melbourne was a key part in the
1626:"Unravelling the mystery of Arnhem Land's ancient African coins"
426:
4182:
2827:
2579:
825:
A 2012 study looked at attitudes towards African immigrants in
523:, or skilled sugar workers who significantly helped to develop
571:
38:
1749:. Department of Immigration & Citizenship. Archived from
469:
under the Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan, 1960s
5421:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
2057:"Is Australian Aboriginal Art Part of the African Diaspora?"
1648:"The First Fleet, Botany Bay and the British penal colony"
2482:
Clarke, Maxine Beneba; et al., eds. (2 April 2019).
810:, concerned with making connections between the current
2354:"Vietnamese,South Sudanese gang conflict in Melbourne"
1968:
Mapedzahama, Virginia; Kwansah-Aidoo, Kwamena (2017).
1822:"African resettlement in Australia: Conference report"
780:
racism against Africans is not uncommon in Australia.
1827:. African Think Tank Inc. April 2007. Archived from
5352:
5166:
4931:
4534:
4406:
4258:
4226:
4037:
4007:
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3898:
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3511:
3361:
3146:
3072:
2882:
2868:
2861:
2800:
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2639:
2613:
2039:Review: Growing Up African in Australia, edited by
364:
341:
316:
295:
274:
253:
232:
211:
190:
169:
149:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2081:Khan, Safiyya; Pedersen, Anne (23 February 2012).
994:season, up on 26 the previous year. These include
1873:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 16 August 2011
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
872:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology
771:also broadcasts in Arabic throughout Australia.
421:to Australia is only a recent phenomenon, with
990:, with 34 players making an appearance in the
887:Organised crime in Australia § "African gangs"
4194:
2839:
2591:
860:Relationship with the criminal justice system
800:Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts
8:
2511:AfricanOz – Africa Australia online resource
1856:. Australian Human Rights Commission. 2010.
1854:"Overview: African Australians – Compendium"
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:North African and Middle Eastern Australians
1065:Michael Baden-Powell, 4th Baron Baden-Powell
144:
32:North African and Middle Eastern Australians
2406:Maker, Mayek; Weber, Leanne; Johns, Diana.
2008:Text from this source is available under a
1744:"Community Information Summary: Ghana-born"
4201:
4187:
4179:
3895:
2879:
2865:
2846:
2832:
2824:
2598:
2584:
2576:
727:Broadcasting services for African migrants
166:
143:
2098:
2010:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
1985:
1712:"Working together to keep Australia safe"
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
2185:(126). Indiana University Press: 72–85.
1919:"SBS launches 24/7 Arabic radio channel"
1535:
711:(126/250), South Africa (4,239/6,307),
2127:"Are there Black people in Australia?"
1628:. Australian Geographic. 7 August 2014
784:Relationship to Indigenous Australians
2459:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2055:Vartanian, Hrag (28 September 2011).
1504:Caribbean and West Indian Australians
986:players have been prominent in men's
7:
5449:Australian people of African descent
4424:Caribbean and West Indian Australian
4163:
2228:Shepherd, Stephane (25 March 2021).
1773:. Australian Human Rights Commission
982:In recent years, African Australian
67:adding citations to reliable sources
2517:Elston, Rhiannon (30 August 2019).
2435:reconnect back to their motherland.
2125:Guantai, Natasha (10 March 2015).
1917:Porter, Kristian (10 March 2016).
1434:Black Australians (disambiguation)
541:African countries, including from
25:
2087:Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology
2022:Gatwiri, Kathomi (3 April 2019).
1858:At the time of the 2006 census...
1683:Pownall, Angela (26 March 2012).
715:(35/115), and Zimbabwe (467/848).
4249:
4162:
4153:
4152:
3035:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2003:
1893:"SBS unveils new Radio Schedule"
1685:"In search of pirate Black Jack"
1402:
1388:
885:This section is an excerpt from
836:Natasha Guantai, in response to
707:(188/415), Mauritius (228/303),
651:Democratic Republic of the Congo
576:
318:
297:
276:
255:
234:
213:
192:
171:
43:
2485:Growing Up African in Australia
611:Australian Bureau of Statistics
54:needs additional citations for
2447:Chalmers, Max (22 June 2021).
2043:, Magan Magan and Ahmed Yussuf
1980:(3). SAGE Publications: 1–13.
1006:, and their friends, brothers
925:rejected Turnbull's comments.
492:. They are the oldest foreign
401:descended from any peoples of
161:1.3% of Australia's population
27:Australians of African descent
1:
5444:African diaspora in Australia
2535:NSW Migration Heritage Centre
1717:. Immi.gov.au. Archived from
1662:"A Multicultural First Fleet"
1418:African immigration to Europe
549:in their countries of birth.
473:Large-scale immigration from
461:An agricultural officer from
417:Large-scale immigration from
384:traditional African religions
733:Special Broadcasting Service
326:Australian Capital Territory
4429:Hispanic and Latin American
2207:10.2979/transition.126.1.11
2191:10.2979/transition.126.1.11
974:Notable African Australians
957:African Australian identity
951:African Australian identity
814:and spiritual movements of
5465:
4526:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
4047:African diaspora religions
3171:Indigenous Black Canadians
1664:. University of Wollongong
1519:Latin American Australians
1484:South Sudanese Australians
954:
884:
787:
731:Multicultural broadcaster
722:, where they are citizens.
29:
5417:
4247:
4216:
4148:
4022:African Hebrew Israelites
3798:Afro-Asians in South Asia
2131:Overland literary journal
1479:South African Australians
808:Indigenous Australian art
806:mounted an exhibition of
585:This section needs to be
369:
346:
165:
154:
4218:Ancestral background of
3064:Turks and Caicos Islands
1987:10.1177/2158244017720483
4241:Torres Strait Islanders
4210:Ancestry of Australians
2561:TV programs online, on
2177:Aboagye, Kaiya (2018).
930:Victorian Liberal Party
820:black people in America
488:have been found on the
4236:Aboriginal Australians
4052:Anti-African sentiment
2607:Emigration from Africa
1514:Indigenous Australians
1494:Zimbabwean Australians
876:Sudanese-born youth".
849:Torres Strait Islander
842:Indigenous Australians
816:Indigenous Australians
630:
470:
4104:Civil rights movement
3992:Afro-Caribbean people
3301:Chestnut Ridge people
3223:African-American Jews
3025:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2571:Channel 44 (Adelaide)
1923:Public Media Alliance
1464:Mauritian Australians
1449:Ethiopian Australians
1439:Congolese Australians
1375:Nikolai Topor-Stanley
913:Home Affairs Minister
788:Further information:
624:
521:Victoria's goldfields
460:
78:"African Australians"
4062:Atlantic slave trade
3750:United Arab Emirates
2041:Maxine Beneba Clarke
1756:on 12 February 2014.
1509:European Australians
1489:Sudanese Australians
1469:Nigerian Australians
1454:Ghanaian Australians
1444:Egyptian Australians
1423:American Australians
1020:Yassmin Abdel-Magied
932:'s campaign for the
747:of Tanzania and the
539:British Commonwealth
484:medieval kingdom of
480:Coins minted by the
409:Australians who are
63:improve this article
18:Liberian Australians
4220:Australian citizens
3951:Sierra Leone Creole
3802:India and Pakistan
3047:Trinidad and Tobago
2897:Antigua and Barbuda
2430:La Trobe University
2307:amp.theguardian.com
2100:10.1375/prp.4.2.116
1690:The West Australian
1579:. 18 December 2019.
988:soccer in Australia
934:2018 state election
749:African Great Lakes
510:Black Jack Anderson
395:African Australians
146:
145:African Australians
5404:South Sea Islander
4094:Black Lives Matter
3701:Ethiopian Israelis
3351:African immigrants
3326:Louisiana Redbones
3262:Chickasaw freedmen
3191:African immigrants
2959:Dominican Republic
2537:. 19 August 2015.
2531:"Sudanese Stories"
2381:Wahlquist, Calla.
2334:. 22 November 2021
2258:. 4 September 2018
2158:. 14 February 2020
1724:on 1 November 2013
1606:on 1 November 2013
1474:Somali Australians
1459:Kenyan Australians
1215:Marnus Labuschagne
992:2020-2021 A-League
967:African Australian
963:perceiving oneself
831:Muslim Australians
631:
471:
445:, educational and
403:Sub-Saharan Africa
351:Australian English
242:Northern Territory
5431:
5430:
5394:Papua New Guinean
4176:
4175:
4144:
4143:
4057:Anti-Black racism
3997:British Jamaicans
3987:African Americans
3972:African Americans
3926:Americo-Liberians
3911:African Americans
3883:
3882:
3706:Sudanese refugees
3507:
3506:
3277:Seminole freedmen
3257:Cherokee freedmen
3238:Black Southerners
3213:African Americans
3161:African Americans
2821:
2820:
2332:amp.theage.com.au
1650:. NSW Government.
1499:Asian Australians
1185:Nestory Irankunda
1175:Bernie Ibini-Isei
1060:Francis Awaritefe
998:and his brother,
938:Opposition Leader
920:Victorian Premier
827:Western Australia
790:Black Australians
617:Migration streams
606:
605:
392:
391:
356:African languages
337:
336:
221:Western Australia
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
5456:
4253:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4155:
3896:
3284:Creoles of color
3267:Choctaw freedmen
3233:Black Mennonites
3166:Black Mennonites
3013:Jamaican Maroons
2969:Samaná Americans
2880:
2866:
2855:African diaspora
2848:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2560:
2541:
2526:
2507:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:amp.9news.com.au
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2028:The Conversation
2019:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1989:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1545:
1429:Arab Australians
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1396:Australia portal
1393:
1392:
1391:
1280:Audius Mtawarira
1230:Heritier Lumumba
1225:Keiynan Lonsdale
1200:Patrick Kisnorbo
1190:Changkuoth Jiath
1030:Faustina Agolley
909:Malcolm Turnbull
769:2ME Radio Arabic
601:
598:
592:
580:
579:
572:
324:
322:
321:
303:
301:
300:
282:
280:
279:
261:
259:
258:
240:
238:
237:
219:
217:
216:
198:
196:
195:
177:
175:
174:
167:
150:Total population
147:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5413:
5348:
5170:
5168:
5162:
4927:
4530:
4402:
4254:
4245:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4177:
4172:
4140:
4114:Genetic history
4039:
4033:
4009:
4003:
3983:United Kingdom
3957:
3936:Afro-Brazilians
3891:
3889:
3879:
3863:
3768:
3759:
3672:
3515:
3503:
3363:
3357:
3228:Alabama Creoles
3148:
3142:
3074:
3068:
2873:
2857:
2852:
2822:
2817:
2796:
2748:
2635:
2609:
2604:
2569:& Geelong,
2553:"Oz African TV"
2551:
2548:
2529:
2516:
2496:
2481:
2478:
2476:Further reading
2473:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2152:"Kaiya Aboagye"
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1834:on 19 July 2008
1831:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1537:
1532:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1325:Al Hassan Toure
1275:Sisonke Msimang
1270:Golgol Mebrahtu
1265:Mangok Mathiang
1080:Bronte Campbell
1070:Albert Bensimon
1012:Al Hassan Toure
976:
959:
953:
948:
947:
890:
882:
880:Organised crime
867:Victoria Police
862:
822:and elsewhere.
792:
786:
777:
755:of Eritrea and
729:
696:(164/420), and
649:(143/158), the
619:
602:
596:
593:
590:
581:
577:
570:
486:Kilwa Sultanate
455:
388:
360:
319:
317:
298:
296:
284:South Australia
277:
275:
256:
254:
235:
233:
214:
212:
193:
191:
179:New South Wales
172:
170:
160:
142:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5462:
5460:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5329:South Sudanese
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5174:
5172:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:Northern Irish
4963:
4958:
4953:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4652:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
4649:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4368:Sierra Leonean
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4124:Pan-Africanism
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Creole peoples
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3825:Black Dutchmen
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3641:United Kingdom
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3272:Creek freedmen
3269:
3264:
3259:
3245:
3243:Black Hispanic
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3209:United States
3207:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3114:Miskito people
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2922:Cayman Islands
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2739:United Kingdom
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2547:
2546:External links
2544:
2543:
2542:
2527:
2514:
2508:
2494:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2457:Radio National
2439:
2420:
2395:
2370:
2345:
2319:
2294:
2282:amp.abc.net.au
2269:
2243:
2220:
2169:
2143:
2117:
2093:(2): 116–129.
2073:
2047:
2014:
1960:
1935:
1909:
1884:
1862:
1845:
1813:
1788:
1759:
1735:
1703:
1675:
1653:
1639:
1617:
1582:
1568:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
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74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5171:North Africa
4946:Anglo-Celtic
4499:Puerto Rican
4259:
3875:Saint Helena
3811:in Karnataka
3775:
3728:Saudi Arabia
3296:Brass Ankles
2937:Cape Verdean
2807:
2556:
2538:
2534:
2522:
2484:
2461:. Retrieved
2452:
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2060:
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2031:. Retrieved
2027:
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1951:. Retrieved
1948:SBS Arabic24
1947:
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1926:. Retrieved
1922:
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1900:. Retrieved
1896:
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1865:
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1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1816:
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1791:
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1762:
1751:the original
1738:
1726:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1688:
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1666:. Retrieved
1656:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:
1365:Jake Adelson
1360:Alex Brosque
1350:Kusini Yengi
1345:Sophie Wilde
1300:Nyadol Nyuon
1285:Mathiang Muo
1240:Ezi Magbegor
1220:Daine Laurie
1165:Nuala Hafner
1150:David Gonski
1140:Abebe Fekadu
1100:Kofi Danning
1090:Isaka Cernak
1075:Emelia Burns
1035:Berhan Ahmed
996:Kusini Yengi
981:
977:
960:
927:
916:Peter Dutton
903:
892:
870:
863:
854:Global South
846:
835:
824:
818:and that of
812:civil rights
793:
778:
730:
690:Sierra Leone
632:
607:
597:October 2022
594:
586:
568:Demographics
555:
551:
547:coup d'états
536:
533:
514:
479:
472:
416:
405:, including
394:
393:
374:Christianity
141:Ethnic group
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
5365:Indo-Fijian
5233:Palestinian
5167:Middle East
5093:Montenegrin
4869:Singaporean
4706:Indo-Fijian
4571:Bangladeshi
4566:Azerbaijani
4283:Cameroonian
4134:Reparations
4099:Black power
3847:New Zealand
3678:Middle East
3631:Switzerland
3591:Netherlands
3306:Dominickers
3181:Nova Scotia
3099:El Salvador
3030:Saint Lucia
3020:Puerto Rico
2813:New Zealand
2724:Switzerland
2684:Netherlands
2156:Writing NSW
1944:"Home page"
1806:24 November
1777:23 November
1668:18 November
1315:Troye Sivan
1310:Ben Simmons
1305:Akmal Saleh
1295:Henry Ninio
1255:Majok Majok
1245:Tkay Maidza
1210:Garang Kuol
1195:Citizen Kay
1180:Jamal Idris
1145:Jason Geria
1125:Bruce Djite
1115:Thomas Deng
1095:Aweng Chuol
1045:Aliir Aliir
1004:South Sudan
941:Matthew Guy
936:under then-
741:South Sudan
720:New Zealand
692:(106/140),
680:(152/202),
676:(412/802),
657:(244/294),
653:(370/454),
639:East Africa
506:John Caesar
498:First Fleet
407:naturalised
399:Australians
157:2021 census
119:August 2023
5438:Categories
5377:Ni-Vanuatu
5108:Portuguese
5083:Macedonian
5078:Lithuanian
4993:Belarusian
4911:Vietnamese
4874:Sri Lankan
4738:Indonesian
4514:Venezuelan
4504:Salvadoran
4489:Paraguayan
4484:Panamanian
4469:Guatemalan
4464:Ecuadorian
4398:Zimbabwean
4363:Senegalese
4228:Indigenous
4067:Coromantee
3482:Paramaccan
3396:Quilombola
3336:Melungeons
3094:Costa Rica
3003:Coromantee
2513:(archived)
2504:1096536442
2363:11 October
2338:11 October
2312:11 October
2287:11 October
2262:11 October
2232:. ABC News
2183:Transition
2162:5 November
2136:4 November
2066:4 November
2033:3 November
1897:sbs.com.au
1877:1 November
1728:2 February
1610:1 November
1556:Abs.gov.au
1530:References
1370:Moses Mbye
1355:Tete Yengi
1335:Musa Toure
1260:Thon Maker
1250:Ater Majok
1235:Awer Mabil
1170:Liv Hewson
1135:Anton Enus
1110:Majok Deng
1050:Waleed Aly
1040:Adut Akech
1000:Tete Yengi
979:included.
897:gangs" in
838:Roxane Gay
796:Aboriginal
688:(82/129),
625:People of
560:and 3,800
525:Queensland
502:Billy Blue
467:Queensland
447:employment
439:linguistic
411:immigrants
200:Queensland
89:newspapers
5208:Jordanian
5158:Ukrainian
5098:Norwegian
5063:Icelandic
5058:Hungarian
5003:Bulgarian
4832:Pakistani
4822:Mongolian
4817:Maldivian
4795:Malaysian
4763:Sundanese
4642:Taiwanese
4630:Cantonese
4625:Hong Kong
4610:Cambodian
4583:Bhutanese
4509:Uruguayan
4454:Colombian
4444:Brazilian
4434:Argentine
4378:Tanzanian
4348:Mauritian
4298:Ethiopian
4288:Congolese
4278:Burundian
3888:Secondary
3852:Sri Lanka
3830:Mardijker
3820:Indonesia
3791:Hong Kong
3786:Guangzhou
3776:Australia
3723:Palestine
3651:Liverpool
3646:Cambridge
3499:Venezuela
3371:Argentina
3126:Nicaragua
3104:Guatemala
2884:Caribbean
2862:Geography
2808:Australia
2772:Indonesia
2767:Hong Kong
2488:. Black.
2215:159021142
2199:0041-1191
2109:1834-4909
1996:2158-2440
1974:SAGE Open
1320:Timomatic
1205:Alou Kuol
1105:Majak Daw
1025:Deng Adel
899:Melbourne
684:(33/62),
661:(57/71),
645:(44/79),
517:Mauritius
494:artefacts
482:Tanzanian
465:visiting
443:religious
342:Languages
155:326,673 (
5334:Sudanese
5314:Mandaean
5280:Chaldean
5260:Assyrian
5253:Tunisian
5228:Moroccan
5218:Lebanese
5193:Egyptian
5188:Bahraini
5183:Algerian
5118:Romanian
5033:Estonian
5008:Croatian
4983:Austrian
4971:Scottish
4941:Albanian
4800:Bruneian
4770:Japanese
4758:Madurese
4753:Javanese
4748:Balinese
4743:Acehnese
4711:Malayali
4701:Gujarati
4686:Georgian
4681:Filipino
4561:Armenian
4521:Jamaican
4494:Peruvian
4474:Honduran
4439:Bolivian
4419:Canadian
4414:American
4407:Americas
4383:Togolese
4353:Nigerian
4338:Malawian
4333:Liberian
4313:Ghanaian
4303:Gabonese
4293:Eritrean
4273:Beninese
4158:Category
4008:Asia and
3977:Haitians
3932:Nigeria
3922:Liberia
3892:diaspora
3868:Atlantic
3842:Malaysia
3743:Africans
3661:Scotland
3606:Portugal
3527:Abkhazia
3487:Saramaka
3462:Suriname
3452:Paraguay
3440:Saramaka
3408:Colombia
3386:Kalungas
3316:Garifuna
3252:Freedmen
3203:Mascogos
3136:Cimarrón
3109:Honduras
3087:Garifuna
3057:Merikins
3040:Garifuna
2954:Dominica
2912:Barbados
2892:Anguilla
2870:Americas
2792:Malaysia
2743:Scotland
2699:Portugal
2614:Americas
2523:SBS News
2453:ABC News
2256:ABC News
2236:25 March
2012:licence.
1632:11 March
1382:See also
895:Sudanese
804:New York
753:Tigrinya
751:region,
700:(37/67).
674:Ethiopia
669:(40/67).
667:Tanzania
562:Sudanese
435:cultural
365:Religion
305:Tasmania
263:Victoria
5353:Oceania
5339:Turkish
5309:Kurdish
5300:Israeli
5295:Iranian
5213:Kuwaiti
5198:Emirati
5148:Swedish
5143:Spanish
5138:Slovene
5128:Serbian
5123:Russian
5088:Maltese
5073:Latvian
5068:Italian
5043:Finnish
5013:Cypriot
4998:Bosnian
4988:Belgian
4956:English
4951:Cornish
4901:Turkmen
4852:Punjabi
4847:Pashtun
4805:Kadazan
4790:Laotian
4716:Punjabi
4696:Bengali
4664:Tibetan
4615:Chinese
4588:Burmese
4576:Bengali
4554:Pashtun
4479:Mexican
4449:Chilean
4393:Zambian
4388:Ugandan
4358:Rwandan
4323:Ivorian
4318:Guinean
4308:Gambian
4268:Angolan
4168:Commons
4129:Slavery
4119:Maroons
4038:Related
4010:Oceania
3968:France
3857:Kaffirs
3769:Oceania
3636:Ukraine
3611:Romania
3581:Ireland
3564:Germany
3547:Finland
3542:Denmark
3537:Belgium
3532:Austria
3494:Uruguay
3472:Matawai
3420:Ecuador
3391:Macombo
3376:Bolivia
3364:America
3186:Ontario
3149:America
3075:America
3073:Central
2998:Jamaica
2986:Marabou
2976:Grenada
2949:Curaçao
2917:Bermuda
2907:Bahamas
2801:Oceania
2734:Ukraine
2704:Romania
2674:Ireland
2664:Germany
2654:Finland
2649:Belgium
1902:8 April
1838:26 June
1696:6 March
1561:26 July
1130:DyspOra
1120:Diafrix
1008:Mohamed
1002:, from
765:podcast
757:Amharic
745:Swahili
709:Nigeria
694:Somalia
686:Liberia
655:Eritrea
643:Burundi
587:updated
453:History
333:(1.37%)
312:(0.66%)
291:(1.03%)
270:(1.47%)
249:(1.08%)
228:(2.61%)
207:(1.32%)
186:(1.02%)
103:scholar
5409:Tongan
5399:Samoan
5372:Niuean
5360:Fijian
5344:Yezidi
5319:Nubian
5304:Jewish
5285:Darfur
5275:Coptic
5270:Berber
5248:Syrian
5243:Somali
5223:Libyan
5133:Slovak
5113:Romani
5103:Polish
5048:German
5038:French
5023:Danish
4933:Europe
4864:Pathan
4857:Sindhi
4842:Hazara
4837:Baloch
4827:Nepali
4785:Kyrgyz
4780:Korean
4775:Kazakh
4731:Telugu
4721:Sindhi
4691:Indian
4669:Uyghur
4549:Hazara
4544:Afghan
4343:Malian
4328:Kenyan
4260:Africa
4087:Yoruba
4040:topics
4017:Israel
3962:Europe
3907:Ghana
3900:Africa
3738:Turkey
3713:Jordan
3696:Israel
3656:London
3626:Sweden
3616:Russia
3601:Poland
3596:Norway
3574:Blacks
3569:Greece
3552:France
3518:Blacks
3513:Europe
3477:Ndyuka
3467:Kwinti
3447:Guyana
3435:Ndyuka
3413:Raizal
3381:Brazil
3346:Yoruba
3331:Lumbee
3311:Fulani
3289:Gullah
3198:Mexico
3156:Canada
3131:Panama
3082:Belize
2991:Marron
2964:Cocolo
2782:Israel
2729:Turkey
2719:Sweden
2709:Russia
2694:Poland
2689:Norway
2669:Greece
2659:France
2641:Europe
2621:Canada
2563:Foxtel
2502:
2492:
2463:4 July
2413:9 June
2388:9 June
2213:
2205:
2197:
2107:
1994:
1552:(XLSX)
984:soccer
965:as an
761:Arabic
713:Zambia
698:Uganda
682:Guinea
663:Rwanda
659:Malawi
508:, and
475:Africa
431:ethnic
423:Europe
419:Africa
323:
302:
288:17,607
281:
267:90,640
260:
239:
225:66,744
218:
204:64,112
197:
183:75,942
176:
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
5387:Māori
5290:Dinka
5238:Saudi
5203:Iraqi
5153:Swiss
5053:Greek
5028:Dutch
5018:Czech
4976:Welsh
4961:Irish
4916:Hmong
4906:Uzbek
4891:Tatar
4886:Tajik
4879:Tamil
4810:Temoq
4726:Tamil
4657:Hoklo
4647:Hakka
4620:Hmong
4598:Karen
4459:Cuban
4082:Tikar
4077:Kongo
4029:Japan
3916:Tabom
3837:Japan
3806:Siddi
3781:China
3755:Yemen
3733:Syria
3666:Wales
3621:Spain
3586:Italy
3557:Paris
3430:Aluku
3403:Chile
3362:South
3321:Igbos
3147:North
3008:Igbos
2981:Haiti
2932:Arará
2902:Aruba
2787:Japan
2762:China
2714:Spain
2679:Italy
2211:S2CID
2203:JSTOR
1953:2 May
1928:2 May
1832:(PDF)
1825:(PDF)
1800:(PDF)
1771:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1747:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
1715:(PDF)
737:Dinka
705:Kenya
678:Ghana
647:Congo
543:Ghana
463:Ghana
379:Islam
330:5,504
309:3,434
246:2,660
110:JSTOR
96:books
5423:and
5324:Nuer
5265:Bari
5178:Arab
4921:Mien
4896:Thai
4637:Mien
4593:Chin
4536:Asia
4072:Igbo
3941:Saro
3765:Asia
3718:Oman
3691:Iraq
3686:Iran
3457:Peru
2927:Cuba
2777:Iran
2754:Asia
2500:OCLC
2490:ISBN
2465:2021
2415:2024
2390:2024
2365:2023
2340:2023
2314:2023
2289:2023
2264:2023
2238:2021
2195:ISSN
2164:2020
2138:2020
2105:ISSN
2068:2020
2035:2020
1992:ISSN
1955:2021
1930:2021
1904:2018
1879:2013
1840:2008
1808:2013
1779:2013
1730:2019
1698:2017
1670:2013
1634:2017
1612:2013
1563:2022
1010:and
427:Asia
425:and
397:are
82:news
5169:and
4603:Mon
3767:and
2187:doi
2114:PDF
2095:doi
2001:pdf
1982:doi
943:.
802:in
739:of
527:'s
65:by
5440::
2565:,
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2254:.
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2089:.
2085:.
2059:.
2037:.
2026:.
1990:.
1976:.
1972:.
1946:.
1921:.
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1014:.
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