245:
547:
237:, who was in conflict with his mother after 1110. She in turn made grants to Oviedo on three separate occasions, in 1112, 1118, and 1120 and Pelagius was the dominant Asturian at court, confirming fifteen royal charters during her reign. Pelagius had a part in reconciling the queen and her son at a council of the realm in
298:
became one of the leading centres of pilgrimage among the
Catholic faithful, aided by the efforts of its archbishop, Diego Gelmírez. The rivalry between Pelagius and Diego can be seen in the former's attempt to establish Oviedo as a comparable destination for pilgrims, by expanding the cult of the
601:
domination in Spain in the fourth century, before even the
Visigoths. Pelagius forged many related documents to demonstrate his diocese's claims against those of Burgos and Lugo. To fend off claims by several sees to be Oviedo's legitimate metropolitan he forged documents claiming that Oviedo had
466:'s death (1065). He is also a contemporary and frequent eyewitness for the reigns of Alfonso VI and Urraca; indeed, his is the only contemporary account that covers the entire reign of Alfonso VI, whom he laudingly calls "the father and defender of all the Spanish churches." The reign of
62:
from 1098 and as bishop from 1102 until his deposition in 1130 and again from 1142 to 1143. He was an active and independent-minded prelate, who zealously defended the privileges and prestige of his diocese. During his episcopal tenure he oversaw the most productive
225:, with lesser authority replaced the last count. This was probably in the interests of Pelagius and his authority, since the county of Asturias corresponded to the centre of his diocese. The bishop gave Urraca political support against both her husband,
573:
in Sahagún. Though it contains falsified, forged, and interpolated documents designed to buttress the claims of Oviedo, otherwise it remains an important compilation for historical research. It is illustrated with colourful miniatures in the
482:
is mostly interested in ecclesiastical history, especially that of his province, and its description of royal activity is barren, rarely amounting to more than a list of successes, such as cities conquered. The historian credits
610:(decrees) drawn up for synods which had supposedly taken place at Oviedo in 821 and 872, but for which there is no evidence. In these Lugo and Braga are listed as suffragans of Oviedo and it is claimed that after the
807:
On the relationship between
Pelagius and Urraca, see Barton and Fletcher, p. 67. The grant of 1120 has been partially interpolated, cf. Reilly (1982), p. 79 and n107. The source for his rôle at Sahagún is the
614:
God had translated all the rights and privileges of the church of Toledo to Oviedo, along with her relics, as a punishment for Spain's sins. Pelagius also wrote a history of the movement of the
521:. Pelagius' importance as a historian is a matter of academic disagreement. He is neither free from legend, nor miracle, nor all invention, but he did not set out to reconstruct the past.
81:"). His work as a historian is generally reliable, but for the forged, interpolated, and otherwise skilfully altered documents that emanated from his office he has been called
684:
According to Barton and
Fletcher, p. 70, the sobriquet was coined by Peter A. Linehan (1982), "Religion, Nationalism and National Identity in Medieval Spain and Portugal,"
332:. He had planned his own funeral and had reserved a space in the Cathedral of San Salvador for his burial. Nevertheless, his death came unexpectedly while he was visiting
366:
ascribed to
Pelagius, in the cathedral library of Oviedo. It contained several historical texts under the heading "Itacius", after the first of them, the chronicle by
999:
According to Barton and
Fletcher, pp. 72–73, nn. 33 and 36–37, F. J. Fernández Conde (1971), "La obra del obispo ovetense D. Pelayo en la historiografía española,"
172:, who granted them a privilege of exemption and made them dependent directly on Rome (1105). At the same time (1104), Pelagius engaged in lawsuits with the count
837:
Barton and
Fletcher, p. 66, citing Bernard F. Reilly (1978), "On Getting to be Bishop in León-Castile: the 'Emperor' Alfonso VII and the Post-Gregorian Church,"
1007:(Madrid), p. 117, lambastes it as superficial, while A. Blázquez y Delgado Aguilera (1910), "Elogio de Don Pelayo, obispo de Oviedo and historiador de España,"
439:
in 982 and ends with the death of
Alfonso VI in 1109. Pelagius' work as a historian has been contrasted with that of the contemporary anonymous authors of the
491:
was allowed to ravage the
Christian states because of Vermudo II's sins. Pelagius was also interested in genealogy, a fact which comes through also in the
370:. This manuscript has since been lost, but it demonstrates an especial interest of Pelagius' in the extended family of Jesus and his maternal grandmother.
320:, died in January 1142, Pelagius took up the diocesan administration again until early in the summer of 1143. By June the see was being administered by
149:
945:
Rodrigo did not become Count until 1121 and the first reference to his marriage dates to July 1122. Additionally, Pelagius refers to the marriage of
696:(Oxford), 78, also remarks that Pelagius "was a giant amongst falsifiers in an age which provided him with keen competition and ample opportunity."
241:(1116). After Alfonso's accession he never recovered his importance, rarely appearing at the new king's court and never receiving a gift from him.
1156:
1146:
455:, and he does not display the "conspicuous erudition" of either. Pelagius probably drew up his history in haste with a minimum of preparation.
1049:, 8(16):259–74, esp. §. II, pp. 264–74, on the "Teoría del obispo Don Pelayo sobre la metrópoli de Oviedo: fundamentos y crítica de la misma".
1141:
986:
M. Calleja Puerta (1999), "Una genealogía leonesa del siglo XII: la descendencia de
Vermudo II en la obra cronística de Pelayo de Oviedo",
671:(Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 65 and n3, this comes from M. G. Martínez (1964), "Regesta de Don Pelayo, obispo de Oviedo,"
28:
946:
463:
234:
300:
137:
1151:
876:
Barton and Fletcher, p. 66 and n10. Pelagius is named as Bishop of Oviedo in documents of March and April 1142 and March 1143.
932:
For the relationship between Pelagius and Sampiro, see Justo Pérez de Urbel (1951), "Pelayo de Oviedo y Sampiro de Astorga",
447:
212:
85:("the Fabulist") and the "prince of falsifiers". It has been suggested that a monument be built in his honour in Oviedo.
611:
475:
1061:
181:
133:
435:
can be found in twenty-four manuscripts, the earliest dating to the late twelfth century. It begins with the rise of
358:
discovered a manuscript titled "Many Genealogies of the Scripture until Our Lady and Saint Anne", a genealogy of the
462:
is the most important source for many eleventh-century events, such as the division of the realm that took place on
1136:
514:
1113:
478:, by Vermudo in the 990s. The criticism of Vermudo is a useful window onto Pelagius' ideology and bias. Pelagius'
325:
271:
267:
1092:
1082:
570:
317:
470:
before him is covered very briefly, but that of Alfonso's father, Vermudo II, takes up roughly half the entire
428:
263:
850:
S. Suárez Beltrán (1993), "Los orígenes y la expansión del culto a las reliquias de San Salvador de Oviedo,"
1003:, 25:249–91, esp. pp. 250–55, is highly critical of Pelagius' historiography, and B. Sánchez Alonso (1947),
404:
384:
was composed as a continuation of a series of chronicles which he gathered together and had copied into the
309:
283:
259:
250:
165:
451:. Pelagius' Latin is "unsophisticated and workmanlike ... the verve and the rhetorical flourishes" of the
215:(died 1126). After 1106 no new Count of Asturias was appointed and it seems that the title lapsed, while a
525:
295:
193:
474:
and is highly critical of the king. Pelagius is the only source for the imprisonment of his predecessor,
810:
585:
had always desired the reorganisation of the Spanish Church along the same lines as had been during the
427:, was completed sometime after 1121, since it refers to the marriage of Alfonso VI's daughter Sancha to
1131:
557:
Pelagius also had all judicial documents relating to the diocese collected and copied into a massive
467:
275:
201:
141:
664:
590:
505:
420:("Book of Chronicles") which was finalised in 1132, when its preface, with an index, was composed.
355:
321:
226:
177:
153:
950:
586:
441:
399:
333:
304:
145:
854:, ed. J. I. Ruíz de la Peña Solar (Oviedo), pp. 37–55, esp. pp. 46–51, has yet to be consulted.
17:
815:
484:
394:
291:
230:
205:
189:
188:
within Asturias. He was also involved in jurisdictional battles with the neighbouring sees of
55:
1099:
1068:
582:
173:
78:
59:
118:
923:(León), pp. 172–81. An English translation can be found in Barton and Fletcher, pp. 74–89.
894:
820:
346:
Among Pelagius writings is a short treatise on the origins of the cities of León, Oviedo,
197:
169:
578:, and is the most important monument to this period in the history of painting in Spain.
140:, and with vigour took up the defence of his church's properties and jurisdictions. The
603:
575:
136:
took place on 29 December 1098. He succeeded Martin four years later, as the choice of
852:
Las peregrinaciones a Santiago de Compostela y San Salvador de Oviedo en la Edad Media
416:(which was heavily interpolated, but ultimately truncated). Altogether these form the
97:
includes a genealogy that suggests that Pelagius may have been related to the western
1125:
347:
316:
Pelagius continued to live in Oviedo and be addressed as bishop. When his successor,
287:
161:
290:. Their deposition was politically motivated, engineered by Alfonso and the prelate
244:
211:
Pelagius was generally on good terms with Alfonso VI (died 1109) and his successor,
886:
510:
254:
of Oviedo may date to the episcopate of Pelagius, one of his many pious deceptions.
27:
593:, Pelagius had recorded the false history of a diocese founded at a place called
919:(Madrid). A partial Spanish translation is available by J. E. Casariego (1985),
359:
294:. During the last decades of the eleventh century and the first of the twelfth,
64:
825:
546:
529:
436:
363:
329:
238:
221:
129:
706:
751:
606:, dated incorrectly to 899, in which Oviedo was made a metropolitan. He had
558:
518:
216:
200:, and between 1109 and 1113 had to fight off the metropolitan claims of the
157:
692:, 18 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 161–99, at p. 162. Linehan (1993)
602:
once been a metropolitan seat as well. He made to be forged a letter from
31:
Pelagius, flanked by two ministers of his church, from a miniature of the
736:
499:
and the revised chronicle of Sampiro influenced the later authors of the
488:
367:
351:
185:
707:"El obispo don Pelayo, clave para el estudio de la historia de Asturias"
598:
413:
98:
51:
208:
to remove Paschal's 1105 exemption, though this was regained in 1122.
109:. He also made a donation to his own canons of properties he owned in
125:
524:
Pelagius also penned an account of the translation of the relics of
753:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109
204:
as well. In 1121 the Archdiocese of Toledo successfully petitioned
50:(died 28 January 1153) was a medieval ecclesiastic, historian, and
545:
279:
243:
26:
738:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126
495:, although his genealogy of the Leonese kings is imperfect. The
915:
The definitive modern edition is Benito Sánchez Alonso (1924),
1045:
Demetrio Mansilla (1955), "La supuesta metrópoli de Oviedo,"
863:
Julie A. Harris (1995), "Redating the Arca Santa of Oviedo,"
589:. As the see of Oviedo was created during the period of the
652:
Inventario General de Manuscritos de la Biblioteca Nacional
282:, because they had opposed the marriage of Alfonso VII and
132:
there in 1097. His consecration as the auxiliary of bishop
669:
The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest
93:
The date and place of Pelagius' birth are unknown. The
756:(Princeton: Princeton University Press), p. 14 and n1.
569:, compiled around 1120, possibly at the monastery of
307:. He has even been credited with the creation of the
1022:
El Libro de los Testamentos de la catedral de Oviedo
1020:
The modern edition is F. J. Fernández Conde (1971),
973:
971:
618:
from Jerusalem to Oviedo, which is preserved in the
1032:
1030:
961:
959:
776:
774:
741:(Princeton: Princeton University Press), p. 32 n66.
536:, near Oviedo, which he included in his chronicle.
258:In 1130 Pelagius was deposed by a synod held under
764:
762:
168:went to Rome to plead their case to the new pope,
458:Lopsided though it is in its coverage, Pelagius'
124:The earliest known reference to Pelagius is as a
164:gave the order. In 1104, Pelagius of Oviedo and
8:
1001:Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos
921:Crónicas de los reinos de Asturias y de León
694:History and the Historians of Medieval Spain
673:Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos
423:Pelagius' original chronicle, that known as
148:, sought to incorporate the sees of Oviedo,
1009:Memorias de la Real Academia de la Historia
990:(León), pp. 527–39, is yet to be consulted.
839:Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History
1055:
121:, suggesting perhaps a Leonese connexion.
654:, IV (Madrid: 1958), no. 1513, pp. 401–4.
101:families that founded the monasteries of
71:, to which Pelagius contributed his own
639:
1005:Historia de la historiografía española
988:La nobleza peninsular en la Edad Media
7:
528:from León to Oviedo and of those of
431:, who is given the title Count. The
622:and was also interpolated into the
328:was elected bishop at a council in
324:, the archdeacon, and in September
354:in 1142. In the sixteenth century
67:in Spain, which produced the vast
25:
567:Libro (gótico) de los testamentos
313:to house his cathedral's relics.
977:Barton and Fletcher, pp. 72–73.
780:Barton and Fletcher, pp. 67–68.
726:Barton and Fletcher, pp. 65–66.
303:, most importantly the alleged
18:Libro gótico de los testamentos
686:Religion and National Identity
663:According to Simon Barton and
1:
1157:12th-century Castilian clergy
1147:12th-century writers in Latin
949:, daughter of Alfonso VI, to
917:Crónica del Obispo Don Pelayo
501:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
448:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
128:at Oviedo in 1096. He was an
1142:12th-century Spanish writers
953:in 1118 (cf. Reilly, p. 14).
705:Vicente J. González García,
497:Chronicon regum Legionensium
487:at every turn, such as when
425:Chronicon regum Legionensium
388:, the principal part of the
74:Chronicon regum Legionensium
1036:Barton and Fletcher, p. 70.
768:Barton and Fletcher, p. 69.
336:, and there he was buried.
1173:
841:, 1:37–68, esp. pp. 48–51.
789:Reilly (1982), pp. 286–87.
750:Bernard F. Reilly (1988),
735:Bernard F. Reilly (1982),
571:Santos Facundo y Primitivo
233:, and her son, the future
184:to maintain his rights of
1110:
1097:
1089:
1079:
1066:
1058:
690:Studies in Church History
597:during the period of the
301:Cathedral of San Salvador
965:Barton and Fletcher, 71.
1152:12th-century historians
624:Chronica ad Sebastianum
515:Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada
405:Chronica ad Sebastianum
284:Berenguela of Barcelona
798:Reilly (1982), p. 221.
612:Islamic conquest (711)
554:
296:Santiago de Compostela
274:, bishops of León and
255:
194:Asturias de Santillana
36:
811:Historia Compostelana
549:
392:. These included the
286:(1127) on grounds of
247:
156:into his province as
30:
650:can be found in the
202:Archdiocese of Braga
142:Archbishop of Toledo
665:Richard A. Fletcher
646:A catalogue of the
620:Liber testamentorum
563:Liber testamentorum
552:Liber testamentorum
541:Liber testamentorum
526:Pelagius of Córdoba
506:Chronica naierensis
493:Liber testamentorum
380:Pelagius' original
356:Ambrosio de Morales
278:, and the abbot of
227:Alfonso the Battler
95:Liber testamentorum
77:("chronicle of the
33:Liber testamentorum
951:Roger II of Sicily
587:Visigothic Kingdom
555:
442:Historia seminense
334:Santillana del Mar
305:Sudarium of Christ
256:
146:Bernard de Sedirac
37:
1137:Bishops of Oviedo
1120:
1119:
1111:Succeeded by
1080:Succeeded by
936:, 11(44):387–412.
628:Liber chronicorum
485:Divine Providence
418:Liber chronicorum
395:Historia Gothorum
390:Corpus Pelagianum
386:Liber chronicorum
375:Liber chronicorum
341:Corpus Pelagianum
206:Pope Callistus II
69:Corpus Pelagianum
56:Diocese of Oviedo
16:(Redirected from
1164:
1100:Bishop of Oviedo
1090:Preceded by
1069:Bishop of Oviedo
1059:Preceded by
1056:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1018:
1012:
997:
991:
984:
978:
975:
966:
963:
954:
943:
937:
930:
924:
913:
907:
904:
898:
883:
877:
874:
868:
865:The Art Bulletin
861:
855:
848:
842:
835:
829:
805:
799:
796:
790:
787:
781:
778:
769:
766:
757:
748:
742:
733:
727:
724:
718:
703:
697:
682:
676:
661:
655:
644:
595:Lugo de Asturias
591:Asturian Kingdom
583:Gregorian reform
576:Romanesque style
476:Bishop Gudesteus
429:Rodrigo González
260:Cardinal Humbert
178:Enderquina Muñoz
60:auxiliary bishop
21:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1085:
1077:1098/1102–1130
1076:
1072:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1015:
998:
994:
985:
981:
976:
969:
964:
957:
944:
940:
931:
927:
914:
910:
905:
901:
884:
880:
875:
871:
862:
858:
849:
845:
836:
832:
806:
802:
797:
793:
788:
784:
779:
772:
767:
760:
749:
745:
734:
730:
725:
721:
704:
700:
688:, ed. S. Mews,
683:
679:
662:
658:
645:
641:
636:
544:
378:
344:
182:abbot of Corias
176:, the countess
91:
54:who served the
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1047:Historia Sacra
1038:
1026:
1013:
992:
979:
967:
955:
938:
925:
908:
899:
891:España Sagrada
878:
869:
867:, 77(1):82–93.
856:
843:
830:
821:España Sagrada
816:Enrique Flórez
814:, I.cxiii (in
800:
791:
782:
770:
758:
743:
728:
719:
717:(1979), 72–84.
698:
677:
656:
638:
637:
635:
632:
604:Pope John VIII
550:Page from the
543:
538:
377:
372:
343:
338:
299:relics of the
292:Diego Gelmírez
90:
87:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1106:
1105:(second time)
1102:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
989:
983:
980:
974:
972:
968:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
942:
939:
935:
929:
926:
922:
918:
912:
909:
903:
900:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
873:
870:
866:
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
840:
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
812:
804:
801:
795:
792:
786:
783:
777:
775:
771:
765:
763:
759:
755:
754:
747:
744:
740:
739:
732:
729:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
702:
699:
695:
691:
687:
681:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
657:
653:
649:
643:
640:
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
548:
542:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
449:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
376:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
342:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Froila Garcés
319:
314:
312:
311:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
288:consanguinity
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:, along with
265:
261:
253:
252:
246:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:Fernando Díaz
171:
167:
166:Peter of León
163:
162:Pope Urban II
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
88:
86:
84:
80:
79:Kings of León
76:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
19:
1104:
1098:
1074:(first time)
1073:
1067:
1046:
1041:
1021:
1016:
1011:, 12:439–92.
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
941:
933:
928:
920:
916:
911:
902:
890:
887:Manuel Risco
881:
872:
864:
859:
851:
846:
838:
833:
819:
809:
803:
794:
785:
752:
746:
737:
731:
722:
714:
711:El Basilisco
710:
701:
693:
689:
685:
680:
675:, 18:211–48.
672:
668:
659:
651:
647:
642:
627:
623:
619:
615:
607:
594:
580:
566:
562:
556:
551:
540:
533:
523:
511:Lucas de Tuy
504:
500:
496:
492:
479:
471:
459:
457:
452:
446:
440:
432:
424:
422:
417:
409:
403:
393:
389:
385:
381:
379:
374:
345:
340:
315:
308:
257:
249:
220:
210:
123:
114:
110:
106:
102:
94:
92:
83:el Fabulador
82:
73:
72:
68:
47:
43:
39:
38:
32:
1132:1153 deaths
906:Harris, 90.
561:called the
534:Valle César
509:, and also
464:Ferdinand I
360:Virgin Mary
235:Alfonso VII
65:scriptorium
1126:Categories
1108:1142–1143
885:Edited in
616:Arca Santa
437:Vermudo II
408:, and the
364:Saint Anne
330:Valladolid
310:Arca Santa
251:Arca Santa
222:novus homo
180:, and the
170:Paschal II
160:. In 1099
158:suffragans
138:Alfonso VI
130:archdeacon
115:Trobajuelo
111:Villamoros
1114:Martin II
895:38:372–76
559:cartulary
519:Alfonso X
480:Chronicon
472:Chronicon
468:Alfonso V
460:Chronicon
433:Chronicon
410:Chronicon
382:Chronicon
326:Martin II
276:Salamanca
217:castellan
48:of Oviedo
1062:Martin I
934:Hispania
889:(1793),
667:(2000),
503:and the
489:Almanzor
453:Historia
445:and the
368:Hydatius
352:Zaragoza
186:seignory
154:Palencia
144:(1086),
134:Martin I
99:Asturian
40:Pelagius
1093:Alfonso
1083:Alfonso
1024:(Rome).
818:, ed.,
626:in the
530:Froilán
414:Sampiro
400:Isidore
318:Alfonso
264:Carrión
239:Sahagún
117:, near
947:Elvira
648:Corpus
599:Vandal
517:, and
402:, the
350:, and
348:Toledo
231:Aragon
213:Urraca
196:) and
192:(over
190:Burgos
152:, and
126:deacon
107:Lapedo
58:as an
52:forger
44:Pelayo
634:Notes
280:Samos
272:Munio
268:Diego
103:Coria
608:acta
581:The
362:and
270:and
248:The
219:, a
198:Lugo
150:León
119:León
113:and
105:and
89:Life
42:(or
565:or
532:to
412:of
398:of
262:at
229:of
1128::
1029:^
970:^
958:^
893:,
828:).
826:XX
824:,
773:^
761:^
713:,
709:,
630:.
513:,
46:)
897:.
715:8
35:.
20:)
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