Life of Joseph Smith from 1839 to 1844

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latter Bennett threatened to use in challenging Missouri for restitution of the Saints' lost property, suggesting to skittish gentiles that Mormons intended to use force of arms to accomplish their objectives. Unfortunately Smith had an eye for women and even began marrying other members wives. Bennett was afraid he was going to give the church the reputation of a sex cult so he left the church and started a newspaper. Smith was incensed at Bennett's activities and forced Bennett's resignation as Nauvoo mayor. In retaliation, Bennett remained in the area and wrote "lurid exposés of life in Nauvoo" that were first published in various newspapers and, later that year, compiled into a book. Even contemporaries could hardly escape the conclusion that Bennett was, as Fawn Brodie called him, "a base and ignoble opportunist." But the Ostlings note that "there was just enough of a kernel of truth to arouse internal suspicion and whip up anti-Mormon sentiment elsewhere." Non-Mormons looked with increasing uneasiness not only at reports of Mormon "free wifery" but at the comparative success of Nauvoo, the competent drilling of the Nauvoo Legion, and the growing political clout of the Saints.

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words, he "seemed cheerful and gracious" to all. Because many husbands and fathers knew about these plural marriages, Smith must have convinced them that "they and their families would benefit spiritually from a close tie to the Prophet." Smith told one prospective wife that submitting to plural marriage would "ensure your eternal salvation & exaltation and that of your father's household"; a father who gave his daughter in plural marriage was assured that the marriage would ensure "honor and immortality and eternal life to all your house both old and young." Furthermore, once

1046:"There was chronic border friction between Missouri and Illinois, and the 'Suckers' welcomed the chance to demonstrate a nobility of character foreign to the despised 'Pukes.' More important, a presidential election was in the offing, and the Democratic Association, which controlled the votes in the quincy area, was eager to make friends with this huge new voting bloc. Fearful lest the Mormons turn Whig in bitterness against the Democratic government in Missouri they solicited funds for relieving the Mormons' distress and did their best to provide housing." Fawn Brodie, 248-49. 149: 609:". He stepped down as Nauvoo mayor—ostensibly in protest of Smith's actions—and also reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs. He also reported that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed and that Rockwell had made a veiled threat on Bennett's life if he publicized the story. Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggs—no longer governor, but campaigning for state senate—was attacked by an election opponent. 651:

an attempt to translate the plates in a conventional process. William Clayton, in a conflicting account, wrote in his journal: "I have seen 6 brass plates... covered with ancient characters of language containing from 30 to 40 on each side of the plates. Prest J. has translated a portion and says they contain the history of the person with whom they were found and he was a descendant of Ham through the loins of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and that he received his kingdom from the ruler of heaven and earth."

1783:"Rumors of polygamy among the Mormons were not loud, but they were persistent....there was talk of it, talk that increased with the passing years." Brodie, 186. When in 1841, Smith approached Joseph Bates Noble about marrying his wife's sister, Smith asked Bates to "keep quiet": "In revealing this to you I have placed my life in your hands, therefore do not in an evil hour betray me to my enemies." Noble performed the ceremony "in a grove near Main Street with Louisa in man's clothing." Bushman, 438.s 980: 659:

tolerances, composition and workmanship are consistent with the facilities of an 1843 blacksmith shop and with the fraud stories of the original participants." This conclusion was not accepted by the Church at large and the original claim of Smith's translation persisted in Church books and publications until 1980 when conclusive tests were completed that determined the plates were made from a modern alloy.

913:. Its only edition, published on June 7, 1844, contained affidavits testifying that the signers had heard Smith read a revelation giving every man the privilege of marrying ten virgins. The paper also attacked the attempt to "christianize a world by political schemes and intrigue" and denounced "false doctrines" such as "doctrines of many Gods," which, the paper said, Smith had recently revealed in his 929: 1552:, 2nd ed. (New York: Knopf, 1971), 457-88. Remini, 153. Brodie guessed that there might have been as many as 48 plural wives, but succeeding scholars have considered her numbers exaggerated. Remini said that the true number might have been as high as eighty-four, although many of these might have been "simply sacred sealings for eternity." Remini, 153. Smith's biography in the 2099:. In the first chapter, Peterson describes various ancient cultures that have written records on metal plates, claiming: "There are the Kinderhook plates, too, found in America and now in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society. Controversy has surrounded these plates and their engravings, but most experts agree they are of ancient vintage." 1227:(Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2000). Widmer notes that Smith's "Doctrine of Eternal Progression" includes four components: that God is an exalted man; that man's spirit is co-equal with God and he can become a god; that there are innumerable gods who are progressing in knowledge; and that there is a "council or plurality" of gods." (119) 2295:

inviolate, for the benefit of ALL." (Quoted in Bushman, 522.) Nevertheless, as Bushman admits, to critics, "Joseph's plan for the Kingdom of God looked like a program for Mormon dominance." The Council of Fifty (which originally had fifty-three members) included only three non-Mormons, two of whom were known counterfeiters. (Ostlings, 13).

446: 428:, then a member of the Illinois State Supreme Court, declared the writ of extradition void on a technicality, Smith "realized that popular opinion was turning against the Saints after two years of sympathy." Not surprisingly, Smith's praise for the Democrat Douglas first provoked opposition to the Mormons in a 263:. Whatever sympathy Van Buren or Congress might have had for Mormon victims was canceled out by the importance of Missouri in the upcoming presidential election. Nevertheless, Smith shrewdly made Missouri a "byword for oppression" and "saw to it that the sufferings of his people received national publicity." 474:

were an "awkward selection" because Joseph had already married the sisters two months previous, and he had to go through another ceremony for Emma's benefit. Nevertheless, "from that hour," Emily later wrote, "Emma was our bitter enemy," and they had to leave the household. According to Smith's scribe,

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who had looked first so worshipfully and then so knowingly at Joseph. She had given them the lie. Whatever formal ceremony he might have gone through, Joseph had never acknowledged one of them before the world." Newell and Avery wrote of "the paradox of Emma's position", quoting her friend and lawyer

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3 : 940). In March 1844, Emma said, "we raise our voices and hands against John C. Bennett's 'spiritual wife system', as a scheme of profligates to seduce women; and they that harp upon it, wish to make it popular for the convenience of their own cupidity; wherefore, while the marriage bed, undefiled

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A similar Hebrew word appears in Isaiah 52: 7. Latter Day Saints often referred to Nauvoo as "the city beautiful", or "the city of Joseph"—which was actually the name of the city for a short time after the city charter was revoked—or other similar nicknames) after being granted a charter by the

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Charges were brought against five accused leaders of the mob that had killed Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and they stood trial in May 1845. The defense argued that no individuals could be held responsible because the assassins were carrying out the will of the people. The jury, which included no Mormons,

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six times, firing into the hall and hitting three men, but the mob continued to fire at Smith and the other Mormons. Smith prepared to jump from the second floor window, but was hit by a ball from the door, causing him to fall out the window. On the ground he stirred a bit; four men fired and killed

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for the destruction of the newspaper. Smith ordered the Legion to disarm but then fled across the Mississippi to Iowa. Emma warned Joseph that Nauvoo residents believed he had left due to cowardice and that they feared reprisals from local mobs. Smith returned to Illinois on June 23, gave himself up,

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Smith stated "I had not been married scarcely five minutes, and made one proclamation of the Gospel, before it was reported that I had seven wives....I have rattled chains before in a dungeon for truth's sake. I am innocent of all these charges, and you can bear witness of my innocence, for you know

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Brodie, 273. Bennett wrote that the "blood of murdered Mormons cries aloud for help…and I swear by the Lord God of Israel, that the sword shall not depart from my thigh, nor the buckler from my arm, until the trust is consummated, and the hydra-headed fiery dragon slain." Times and Seasons, 3 (March

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Certain the Mormons would retaliate, the people of Carthage deserted their town by nightfall. But the bodies of Joseph and Hyrum were brought back to Nauvoo, and thousands of mourners filed by their coffins. Fearing desecration of the graves, church leaders decided to bury the men in the basement of

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on grounds of treason. Governor Ford called on Harmon T. Wilson, the constable of Carthage, Illinois and Joseph H. Reynolds, the sheriff of Jackson County, Missouri to apprehend Smith and bring him to Missouri. On June 23, disguised as Mormon elders, the two arrested Smith at gunpoint in the town of

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Also at about this time, Bennett had become disaffected from Smith and began publicizing what he said was Smith's practice of "Spiritual Wifery". (Bennett, earlier a pro-polygamy activist, knew of Smith's revelation on plural marriage and encouraged Smith to advocate the practice publicly. When this

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Although Emma believed in Joseph's prophetic calling, she was displeased with his multiple marriages, especially since five of the women lived in the Smith household when he married them. Emma may have temporarily approved of Joseph's marriage to two sisters, Eliza and Emily Partridge, but even they

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The early years in Nauvoo had been a time of comparative peace and economic prosperity, but by mid-1842, Smith was entangled in the conflicts that ended with his death two years later. A year previous, Missouri courts had once again tried to extradite him on old charges that stemmed from the Mormon

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Ostlings, 14. Law had taken Hyrum Smith's place in the First Presidency as second counselor. Brodie calls Law one of Smith's "ablest and most courageous men." Brodie, 368. Law had been one of the few Saints to arrive in Nauvoo with capital; and he and his brother Wilson had purchased a considerable

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wrote, "We will not go so far as to call the Mormons martyr-mongers, but we believe they are men of sufficient sagacity to profit by anything in the shape of persecution....The Mormons have greatly profited by their persecution in Missouri...let Illinois repeat that bloody tragedies of Missouri and

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released Smith “for want of substance in the warrant upon which he was arrested.” Smith spent the next few days greeting various volunteer units of the Nauvoo Legion as they returned home, blessing them for their loyalty and efforts, and recounting the story of his kidnapping and triumphant return.

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After this initial meeting, no further mention was ever made by Joseph Smith regarding translation of these plates. Smith may not have sensed the fraud; however he never pursued their translation. Whiddon, Wiley, and Fugate never said anything further regarding their fraud until 1879, when one of

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After a few weeks had passed the plates were brought to Joseph Smith to be translated. Several men presented themselves at Smith's home with the plates to determine if Joseph could translate them. Willard Richards records that Joseph sent William Smith for a Hebrew Bible and lexicon, seemingly in

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Bushman, 549: "Joseph spent Thursday, June 27, preparing for the treason trial scheduled for Saturday. He gave a long list of witnesses to Cyrus Wheelock, who earlier in the day had smuggled in a six-shooter in his overcoat. John Fullmer had previously given Joseph a single-shot pistol, which he

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Smith told a St. Louis reporter, "I go emphatically, virtuously, and humanely for a Theodemocracy, where God and the people hold the power to conduct the affairs of men in righteousness. And where liberty, free trade, and sailor's right , and the protection of life and property shall be maintained

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132: 20: "Then shall they be gods, because they have no end; therefore shall they be from everlasting to everlasting, because they continue; then shall they be above all, because all things are subject unto them. Then shall they be gods, because they have all power, and the angels are subject unto

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Although Smith's teachings about plural marriage were expressed in strict confidentiality and only to his leadership, the more men and women who participated, the more likely it became that these secret marriages would be revealed to the Nauvoo community and, of course, to the larger world. By May

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These doctrinal expansions culminated in a renewed effort to build another temple. Smith chose a site on a bluff in Nauvoo where he blessed the cornerstones in a public ceremony on April 6, 1841. In Kirtland, Smith had instituted rituals of washing and anointing, but in Nauvoo "the ceremonies were

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The group was greeted in Nauvoo by prominent members of the city, the Nauvoo Brass band, and a parade of the Nauvoo Legion, while cannons fired in the distance. Smith hosted a dinner party with Reynolds and Wilson as honored guests. After dinner, the Nauvoo municipal court convened and ultimately

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On June 27, Reynolds and Wilson, with Smith in custody, crossed the Fox River from Dixon into Monmouth, where they were greeted by Nauvoo Legion scouts. Joseph Smith told his captors, “I am not going to Missouri this time. These are my boys!” They were joined that day by the large company of the

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on the property of Robert Wiley. Wiley had indicated that he had dreamed on three consecutive nights of treasure being buried in a mound, which had caused the plates to be discovered. In reality, Wiley, W. Fugate, and a blacksmith named Whiddon had counterfeited the plates making the characters

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Smith surely "must have realized that plural marriage would inflict terrible damage, that he ran the risk of wrecking his marriage and alienating his followers." And for those in the larger world, plural marriage "would confirm all their worst fears" about Mormonism. "Sexual excess was considered

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with no connection to Abraham. (The papyri were prepared for the funerary rites of one Ta-Shert-Min, daughter of New-Khensu. Latter-day Saints have posited that the papyri could have inspired Smith to dictate the Book of Abraham as a revelation, even if it is not a conventional translation of the

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Instead of affirming that there was an eternal God who had created matter, Smith taught that matter was eternal and that it was God who had developed through time and space. God only assembled the earth from preexisting materials and then had drawn on "a cohort of spirits from the pool of eternal

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In February 1841, Nauvoo received a charter from the state of Illinois, which granted the Latter Day Saints a considerable degree of autonomy. Smith threw himself into the work of building a new city. The charter authorized independent municipal courts, the establishment of a university, and the

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Bushman (2005), 425-28. Prior to Smith's praise for Douglas, Sharp had been a "neutral observer" of the Nauvoo settlement. Smith had given him a place of honor at the dedication of the temple cornerstone and had invited him to his house for turkey dinner. After Sharp announced that his newspaper

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Bushman (2005), 448; Ostlings, 9; Davies, 205. Davies notes that "Baptism for the dead and covenant-endowments for the conquest of death both found their ultimate validation in the power of the priesthood yet these three elements are absent from the Book of Mormon, whose emphasis upon baptism is

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encouraged him to write down his revelation on plural marriage to present to Emma, and Joseph did so. When Hyrum presented Emma with the revelation, she abused him. Clayton reported that when Joseph reproved Emma for demanding from one plural wife a watch Joseph had given her, Joseph "had to use

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as a plural wife, and during the next two and a half years, he may have married thirty additional women, ten of them already married to other men. About a third of Smith's plural wives were teenagers, including two fourteen-year-old girls. Smith was "a charismatic, handsome man," and in Remini's

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that resulted in three indictments being brought against Smith, including one accusing him of polygamy. There is even evidence that Smith propositioned the wives of both Law and his associate Robert D. Foster. On May 26, just a few weeks before his death, Smith spoke before a large crowd of the

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After arriving in Nauvoo in 1841, Bennett had been baptized into the new religion. Emma never trusted him, but Joseph welcomed his assistance in acquiring the Nauvoo city charter. Soon Bennett became the first mayor of Nauvoo, "assistant president," and Major General of the Nauvoo Legion. The

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of the new religion. According to Richard Bushman, Smith moved from "a traditional Christian belief in God as pure spirit to a belief in His corporeality." In other words, Smith declared that God had a body of flesh and bone and taught that "the great principle of happiness consists in having a

1976:"J.C. Bennett has published lies concerning myself & family & the people with which I am connected....His book I have read with the greatest disgust. No candid honest man can or will believe it. He has disgraced himself in eyes of all civilized society who will despise his very name," ( 275:

had brought the believers out of Missouri, and the Saints "had obeyed him implicitly." But with Young and the others in Europe, Smith recovered his earlier prestige and authority. Meanwhile, the missionaries found many willing converts in Great Britain, often poor factory workers. These first

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The plates were lost in the Civil War but re-discovered by a Mormon scholar in the archives of the Chicago Historical Society Museum in the 1960s. Non-destructive tests were permitted to be done in 1965 by a Mormon Physicist, George M. Lawrence. In his report Lawrence wrote: The dimensions,

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a "nuisance." On June 10, the Nauvoo city council passed an ordinance about libels; and Smith, as mayor, ordered the city marshal to destroy the paper. Press, type, and newspapers were dragged into the street and burned. Smith argued that destroying the paper would lessen the possibility of

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On June 25, Joseph Smith sent a letter to Wilson Law, general in the Nauvoo Legion, asking him to bring a force to prevent his “being kidnapped into Missouri.” A call for volunteers was issued; Wilson Law and Charles C. Rich led 100 men out of Nauvoo that night. Dan Jones led an additional

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6:236, 241) including on her deathbed where she stated "No such thing as polygamy, or spiritual wifery, was taught, publicly or privately, before my husband's death, that I have now, or ever had any knowledge of...He had no other wife but me; nor did he to my knowledge ever have".

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always a baptism of repentance of the living for themselves." Smith did not live to see the completion or dedication of the temple. The Saints began to receive endowments on December 10, 1845, and the temple dedication was held on April 30, 1845, just before Nauvoo was abandoned.

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In December 1843, Smith petitioned Congress for the right to make Nauvoo an independent federal territory with the right to call out federal troops in its defense. Then, probably unwisely, Smith also decided to desert both Whigs and Democrats, and announced his own candidacy for

2473:, History of the Church, Period I, 6:408–412. Referring to Law, Smith stated "This new holy prophet has gone to Carthage and swore that I had told him that I was guilty of adultery. This spiritual wifeism! Why, a man dares not speak or wink, for fear of being accused of this". 987:

After a hearing, Smith was released but stayed in the jail at the request of Governor Dunklin as there were to be additional charges filed the following day. According to Taylor and Richards, Dunklin promised to take Smith back to Nauvoo; however, he left Carthage without him.

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would "oppose the concentration of political power in a religious body, or in the hands of a few individuals," Smith canceled his subscription and called the paper "a filthy sheet, that tissue of lies, that sink of iniquity," and signed the letter "Yours, with utter contempt."

1654:(University of Illinois, 1979), 223; Bushman (2005), 491; Remini, 152-53; Brodie, 340-42: "Only Joseph's intimates knew that Emma nagged at him incessantly to be done with plural marriage....There was a hard core of resistance in Emma that Joseph simply could not wear down." 950:

published a call to action: "Citizens arise, one and all!!! Can you stand by, and suffer such Infernal Devils! to rob men of their property and rights without avenging them. We have no time for comment, every man will make his own. Let it be made with Powder and Ball!!!"

748:. On June 29th they were intercepted by Generals Wilson and William Law, 60 of the Nauvoo cavalry, and 100 additional men. The destination was changed to the nearby Nauvoo Court through the efforts of criminal lawyer and Whig congressional candidate Cyrus Walker. 795:" and which was in effect a shadow government. One of the Council's first acts was to ordain Smith as King of the Kingdom of God. And, as if they had just organized an independent state, Smith and the Council sent ambassadors to England, France, Russia, and the 3013: 2640:

Brodie, 393: "Joseph now discharged all six barrels down the passageway. Three of them missed fire, but the other three found marks." Bushman, 550. Richards was unharmed. Taylor was shot several times, but survived. (One of the bullets glanced off his pocket

1168:, 124: 23. The revelation (still included in the Mormon canon) specifically provided the amount of stock to be owned by any individual and granted a suite of rooms to Joseph Smith and his posterity "from generation to generation, for ever and ever." 456:

Of all Smith's innovations during the years immediately preceding his death, the one that received the most hostile reception was his institution of plural marriage. Joseph Smith married at least twenty-eight women. In April 1841, Smith secretly wed

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and Joseph Smith had pistols that had been smuggled in by friends. On June 27, 1844, an armed group of men with blackened faces stormed the jail. As the mob broke into the room, Hyrum was shot in the face and killed. Smith pulled the trigger of his

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later quoted Smith as having said, "if Congress will not hear our petition and grant us protection, they shall be broken up as a government and God shall damn them, and there shall be nothing left of them—not even a grease spot." Quoted in Brodie,

886:, who was well respected in the Mormon community. Law's disagreement with Smith was partly economic. But the most significant difference between the two was Law's opposition to plural marriage. Law and others gave testimonies at the county seat in 1436: 731:

On June 24, among rumors of John C. Bennett forming an invading army and rumors of Governor Ford seeking to betray Joseph Smith, the Nauvoo City council enacted what amounted to martial law. Legion troops organized and waited for instruction.

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revealing the discovery. An editorial was published on May 3, 1843 in the Quincy Whig observing that "some pretend to say that Smith, the Mormon leader, has the ability to read them" and that "it would go to prove the authenticity of the

2834: 2798: 1333:(Harper Collins, 1999), 188. "Smith was an active Mason when he introduced the endowment ordinance two years before his death, and many scholars have noted the strong resemblance between the Mormon ordinance and Masonic ritual." See also: 1690:

Bushman (2005), 496; Newell and Avery, 161. Hyrum said that he came away from Emma having "never received a more severe talking to in his life." Later Joseph supposedly told his brother, "I told you you didn't know Emma as well as I did.

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began in the autumn of 1840. The cornerstones were laid during a conference on April 6, 1841. Construction took five years and it was dedicated on May 1, 1846, about four months after Nauvoo was abandoned by the majority of the citizens.

2437:, credit, and tithed labor." Law was also convinced that Smith was misappropriating money donated by church members to complete the Nauvoo House hotel in order to buy land and sell it to converts at a profit. Ostlings, 14; Brodie, 368. 1609:

Whitney, "Autobiography" ; Revelation, July 27, 1842, Revelations Collections; quoted in Bushman, 439; Martha Sonntag Bradley and Mary Brown Firmage Woodward, Plurality, Patriarchy, and Priestess: Zina D. H. Young's Nauvoo Marriages,"

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me yourselves....What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can only find one. I am the same man, and as innocent as I was fourteen years ago; and I can prove them all perjurers."

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amount of land and constructed flour and lumber mills. Bushman (2005), 528. Brodie notes that Law came from Canada "a wealthy man" and had fostered "more than anyone else the sorely needed industrialization of the city." Brodie, 368.

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Brodie, 393-94. Bushman has a slightly different scenario, "A ball from the doorway struck his hip, and a shot from the outside entered his chest. Another hit under the heart and a fourth his collarbone. He fell outward crying,

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Smith sent off the Twelve Apostles to Great Britain to serve as missionaries for the new faith. All left families in desperate circumstances struggling to establish themselves in Iowa or Illinois. While Smith had been imprisoned,

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34, no. 4 (1995-96), 19-21. The earliest unequivocal statement of Joseph Smith was made at the opening of the Nauvoo Lyceum, January 5, 1841: "There is no other God in heaven but that God who has flesh and bone." Kurt Widmer,

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reported the rumor that "promiscuous intercourse" was being practiced in Nauvoo. Yet Smith might have been able to talk down these reports along with other salacious gossip had it not been for his erstwhile second-in-command,

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On June 28, Reynolds and Wilson were arrested for threatening citizens of the state and committing false imprisonment. They began to travel towards Quincy to be reviewed by the nearest judicial court, which operated under

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65:1044–1045). Emma campaigned publicly against polygamy and also authorized and was the main signatory of a petition in Summer 1842, with a thousand female signatures, denying that Joseph was connected with polygamy

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Bushman (2005), 409; Brodie, 258, 264-65. Many converts came from dissatisfied members of English sects "along the margins of conventional church life." On the previous religious beliefs of these Mormon converts, see

1059:. Galland sold his land cheaply enough, but when courts finally straightened out the titles, Gallands' proved worthless. The 250 Mormon families who had settled had to return "penniless to Nauvoo." Brodie, 262. 1188:, this teaching was foreshadowed in the Book of Mormon by the story of the brother of Jared, although even Richard Bushman admits that the "doctrine of a corporeal God was not fully articulated until later." 1245:

Bushman (2005), 452-58; Brodie, 170-75; Widmer, 90. The Book of Abraham was also used by later Mormons to justify discrimination against those with black skin because they were, like Pharaoh, descendants of

2477:, 6:410–411. Bushman argues that, while to Smith's enemies "the speech was blatant hypocrisy", in Smith's mind "priesthood plural marriage was based on another principle than polygamy." Bushman (2005), 538 3549: 1425: 525:, a medical doctor, to perform abortions on polygamous wives who were officially single, which she alleged limited Smith's progeny from these wives. She based this on statements made to her by Bennett. 851:

by selling public lands and decreasing the size and salary of Congress; the closure of prisons; the annexation of Texas, Oregon, and parts of Canada; the securing of international rights on high seas;

1136:, 1993). The Mormon missionaries were shocked by the poverty they witnessed, and as Fawn Brodie has written, they "began to preach the glory of America along with the glory of the gospel." The Mormon 339:, an attempt to join "the generation of humanity from start to finish" by bringing "saving ordinances to the millions who had died without their benefits." During the same period, Smith published the 4041: 1765:, pp. 113–115) As Fawn Brodie has written, this denial was "her revenge and solace for all her heartache and humiliation." (Brodie, 399) "This was her slap at all the sly young girls in the 514:. Smith was not always a good judge of men, and Bennett shortly became Smith's nemesis, although Smith had first predicted that Bennett was "calculated to be a great blessing to our community." 4061: 589:

to extradite Smith to Missouri. Smith once again went into hiding for some months until the U. S. Circuit Court in Springfield finally ruled that the extradition order was unconstitutional.

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Among the powers granted to the City of Nauvoo under its city charter was the authority to create a "body of independent militarymen." This force was a militia, and it became known as the "

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Dixon, threatening Smith’s companion Stephen Markham in the process. The Fifth Legion, second cohort of the Nauvoo Legion immediately mustered under the direction of colonel Hosea Stout.

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Nauvoo Mormons feared reprisals from the non-Mormons, and non-Mormons were apprehensive about the Nauvoo Legion, especially after Smith declared martial law on June 18. Illinois Governor

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3 : 869). As president of the Ladies' Relief Society, Emma authorized publishing a certificate in October 1842 denouncing polygamy and denying her husband as its creator or participant (

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Smith wrote to the leading presidential candidates and asked them what they would do to protect the Mormons. After receiving noncommittal or negative responses, Smith announced his own

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is honorable, let polygamy, bigamy, fornication, adultery, and prostitution, be frowned out of the hearts of honest men to drop in the gulf of fallen nature". The document

529:, Sarah Pratt's husband, considered Bennett a liar whereas Sarah Pratt herself said, " know that the principle statements in John C. Bennett's book on Mormonism are true." 1600:

Bushman (2005), 439. Smith also told some women that an angel had commanded him to marry them, sometimes coming with "a drawn sword and threatened his life." Brodie, 303.

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one or two other states follow, and the Mormon religion will not only be known throughout our land, but will be very extensively embraced. March 25, 1840 in Brodie, 259.

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anti-Mormon settlers attacking Nauvoo; but he "failed to see that suppression of the paper was far more likely to arouse a mob than the libels. It was a fatal mistake."

958:, desperately trying to prevent civil war, then mobilized the state militia. The governor promised Smith that he would provide protection if Smith would stand trial at 2901: 1936: 585:

indiscreetly gloated that the person who "did the noble deed remains to be found out." Boggs did not die, however, and when he recovered, he pressed Illinois governor

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that he had purchased from a traveling exhibitor in 1835. The Book of Abraham, canonized by the LDS Church after Smith's death, also emphasized the plurality of gods,

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Emma Smith claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of a polygamy revelation being attributed by Mormons to Joseph Smith was when she read about it in

393:. The Book of Abraham speaks of the founding of the Abrahamic nation, astronomy, cosmology, lineage and priesthood, and gives another account of the creation story. 3478: 3074: 3053: 3829: 296:." Smith dreamed of industrial projects, and even received a revelation commanding the building of a hotel, "that strangers may come from afar to lodge therein." 389:. Over the next several years, Smith dictated to scribes what he reported was a revelatory translation of one of these rolls, which was published in 1842 as the 236:

speculators (who drove a hard bargain during this period of economic recession), Smith established a new gathering place for the Saints along the Mississippi in

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Smith faced growing opposition among his former supporters in Nauvoo, and he "was stunned by the defections of loyal followers." Chief among the dissidents was

321: 244:, which means "beautiful" in Hebrew. The soggy low land and river eddies were exceptional breeding grounds for mosquitoes, and the Saints suffered plagues of 3817: 3780: 2058: 1027: 83: 4036: 3685: 3640: 1713:

Emma claimed that the very first time she ever became aware of a polygamy revelation being attributed to Joseph by Mormons was when she read about it in

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for the assassination attempt. By some reports, Smith had prophesied that Boggs would die violently, leading to speculation that Smith was involved.

255:

Late in 1839, Smith went to Washington to seek redress from the federal government for the Saints' losses in Missouri. He met briefly with President

3200: 1556:, 3: 1337, says that Smith took at least twenty-eight plural wives. On her deathbed, Emma Smith denied that her husband had ever practiced polygamy. 814: 543: 612:

Critics suggested that Nauvoo's charter should be revoked, and the Illinois legislature considered the proposal. In response, Smith petitioned the

3145: 808: 3763: 1810:

Ostlings, 32. Bushman says more discreetly that Smith "had trouble distinguishing true friends from self-serving schemers." Bushman (2005), 410.

466:

for eternity by priesthood authority, Smith revealed that such couples would continue to procreate in the next life, becoming, in effect, gods.

232:. There, for both humanitarian and political reasons, the refugees had been welcomed. Purchasing waterlogged wilderness land on credit from two 3105: 179: 62: 57: 52: 3575: 3362: 3218: 2994: 2938: 2915: 2823: 2788: 2657:

Taylor, close behind the Prophet, had been using Markham's 'rascal-beater' to knock against the muskets and bayonets thrusting into the room.

2381: 200:, when he was 34–38 years old, covers the period of Smith's life when he lived in Nauvoo, an eventful and highly controversial period of the 3947: 3770: 3208: 3086: 2885: 486:

Throughout her life and on her deathbed, Emma Smith frequently denied that her husband had ever taken additional wives. Even when her sons

2631:

Bushman, 550: "Hyrum was the first to fall. A ball through the door struck him on the left side of the nose, throwing him to the floor."

3736: 2273: 418: 88: 359:, and priesthood marriages." Smith had "a green thumb for growing ideas from tiny seeds," and "portions of the temple ritual resembled 4152: 3824: 3807: 3655: 3254: 3138: 1902: 452:, wife of Joseph Smith. Throughout her life, and even on her deathbed, Emma Smith denied that her husband had ever practiced polygamy. 386: 279: 113: 3855: 3802: 3180: 3026: 2871: 2844: 2767: 2757: 2743: 2339: 2125: 2015: 1294: 696:

of Nauvoo. Joseph Smith himself was Nauvoo's second mayor, and Nauvoo also appointed him highest ranking officer of the Legion, a

548: 4111: 4088: 4000: 3753: 3680: 3605: 3580: 3367: 3352: 3323: 1280: 2800:

The Foundations of Mormonism: A Study of the Fundamental Facts in the History and Doctrines of the Mormons from Original Sources

2048:

Bushman, 468-75. The court's reasoning was that if Smith had committed a crime, it had been committed in Illinois not Missouri.

3792: 3775: 3595: 3340: 2487: 879: 93: 37: 1663:

Bushman (2005), 494; Brodie, 339; Remini, 152-53. The day Joseph married the Partridge sisters, he bought Emma a new carriage.

3952: 3907: 3743: 3660: 3650: 2861: 762: 689: 494:

presented her with specific written questions about polygamy, she continued to deny that their father had been a polygamist.

118: 3512: 3391: 3335: 613: 356: 123: 3812: 3690: 2907: 3620: 3537: 3377: 2778: 2216:

Bradley-Evans, M. (2016). Glorious in persecution: Joseph Smith, American prophet, 1839-1844. Smith-Pettit Foundation.

1865:

Brodie, 310; Bushman, 460. Bennett, a minimally trained doctor, also promised abortions to those who became pregnant.

820: 677:". By 1842, the militia had 2,000 troops, and at least 3,000 by 1844, including some non-Mormons. In comparison, the 463: 363:

rites that Joseph had observed when a Nauvoo lodge was organized in March 1842 and that he may have heard about from

3758: 3748: 3695: 3213: 1770:

Judge George Edmunds who stated "that's just the hell of it! I can't account for it or reconcile her statements." (

1766: 1274: 724: 605:

was rejected by Smith, Bennett began seducing women on his own and was subsequently excommunicated for practicing "

429: 405: 300: 172: 47: 579:, as the gunman. Mormons assumed Boggs would die and considered his assassination a fulfillment of prophecy. The 3532: 3190: 3161: 2682:

Arrington and Bitton, 82; Remini, 174-75. The remains were disinterred in 1928 on the orders of Smith's grandson

684:

Although the charter authorizing the Nauvoo Legion created an independent militia, it could be used by the state

521:

Smith was accused by Sarah Pratt in an 1886 interview with "vitriolic anti-Mormon journalist W. Wyl" of allowing

317: 201: 103: 4142: 4066: 3230: 955: 720: 475: 237: 153: 108: 98: 575:

and surmised that the suspect lost his friend in the dark rainy night. Bennett named a rough Mormon loyalist,

3670: 3665: 3413: 3122: 2691: 2594: 868: 134: 78: 2700:

The Disciple as Witness: Essays on Latter-day Saint History and Doctrine in Honor of Richard Lloyd Anderson

1569:

Bushman (2005), 437; Remini, 151; Brodie, 335. Bushman follows the conservative reckoning of Todd Compton,

736:

seventy-five men by boat the next morning. In all, between 100-300 men left Nauvoo to rescue Joseph Smith.

3797: 3726: 3600: 3357: 2924: 1910: 1133: 914: 907:

Unlike earlier dissenters Law had enough money to buy a printing press and publish a newspaper called the

700:, making him the highest ranking military officer in the United States and first Lieutenant General since 3565: 991:

Smith and three other Mormon prisoners were held in Carthage Jail in an upstairs room without bars. Both

630:

In April 1843, twelve men in Kinderhook, Pike County, Illinois, indicated they had found six small brass

4147: 4137: 4078: 3785: 3630: 3542: 3522: 3185: 3064: 3043: 3018: 3008: 2966: 2857: 2170:

Schindler, Benita N. Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God Son of Thunder (p. 66). University of Utah Press.

2151: 1919: 1314: 209: 165: 139: 2673:" Landing on his left side, he struggled to sit up against the curb of a well and died within seconds." 1548:

Bushman, 493; Compton, 4-7; Remini, 153-54; Brodie, "The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith," Appendix C in

385:

from a traveling exhibitor. He said they contained the writings of the ancient patriarchs Abraham and

3700: 3645: 3495: 3387: 3264: 1055:

Bushman, 383-84. Smith also purchased land across the river in Iowa from a dishonest recent convert,

491: 336: 1739:. signed by Emma Smith as President of the Ladies' Relief Society, was published within the article 1192:, "The Doctrine of Divine Embodiment: Restoration, Judeo-Christian, and Philosophical Perspectives, 4056: 3705: 3635: 3625: 3570: 3490: 1462:

Hazard, Sonia (Summer 2021). "How Joseph Smith Encountered Printing Plates and Founded Mormonism".

1014:. The coffins were filled with bags of sand and buried in the cemetery following a public funeral. 568: 382: 3957: 3926: 3865: 3240: 2809: 2683: 2606: 2457:

Zion in the Courts: A Legal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-1900

2141: 1479: 1406: 1398: 1143: 959: 887: 697: 553: 397: 284: 260: 205: 3092: 2373: 891:

Saints in front of the uncompleted temple and once again denied having any more than one wife.

4083: 4005: 3919: 3892: 3455: 3450: 3372: 3283: 3022: 3004: 2990: 2934: 2911: 2867: 2853: 2840: 2819: 2784: 2763: 2739: 2377: 2335: 2121: 2011: 1914: 1300: 1290: 796: 719:

On June 17, 1843, a warrant for Joseph Smith’s arrest was jointly issued by Illinois Governor

701: 639: 631: 625: 225: 2593:

Ostlings, 17; Bushman, 546. Eight Mormon leaders accompanied Smith to Carthage: Hyrum Smith,

655:

the party signed an affidavit revealing their fabrication and their desire to ensnare Smith.

3990: 3675: 3615: 3610: 3590: 3585: 3440: 3435: 3259: 3235: 2951:

Joseph Smith, the Prophet, His Family, and His Friends: A Study Based on Facts and Documents

2702:, The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University, 61–86. 2598: 2327: 2101: 2092: 1984: 1471: 1388: 1308: 1189: 1185: 909: 902: 883: 788: 782: 606: 487: 344: 335:

intelligences to place upon it." Another striking doctrine revealed to Smith after 1840 was

256: 249: 241: 229: 3088:

Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations

2117: 2106: 1897: 1637:

Bushman (2005), 438: "Joseph's enemies would delight in one more evidence of a revelator's

326:

While burdened with the temporal business of creating a city, Smith also elaborated on the

3985: 3887: 3875: 3318: 3082: 2815: 2753: 2551:

The Destruction of the "Nauvoo Expositor"—Proceedings of the Nauvoo City Council and Mayor

2529: 2254: 1906: 1326: 1322: 1286: 1138: 1125: 941: 828: 827:, and sent out the Quorum of the Twelve and hundreds of other political missionaries. The 745: 593: 576: 557: 522: 511: 505: 439: 425: 390: 376: 340: 2949: 2610: 2549: 1965: 1947: 917:. The newspaper also refused to "acknowledge any man as king or lawgiver to the church." 1273:; the usual month-long wait between degrees was waived by the Grand Master of Illinois, 4021: 3995: 3980: 3942: 3902: 3710: 3460: 3420: 3330: 2987:

The Voice of One crying in the Wilderness: Sidney Rigdon, Religious Reformer, 1793-1876

2928: 2729: 2612:

All of Smith's associates left the jail, except his brother Hyrum, Richards and Taylor.

2602: 2402:"General Smith's Views on the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States" 2366: 644: 979: 4126: 4093: 4051: 3897: 3870: 3430: 3425: 3347: 3311: 3306: 2881: 2401: 2269: 1483: 1410: 1056: 946: 836: 832: 824: 792: 765:. Meanwhile, he made plans to scout possible sites for a large Mormon settlement in 674: 668: 586: 564: 458: 434: 396:

The papyri associated with the Book of Abraham were thought to have been lost in the

304: 293: 268: 1269:

at the Nauvoo lodge on March 15, 1842. The next day, he was raised to the degree of

259:, but neither man seems to have thought much of the other, and the trip produced no 4098: 4046: 4026: 3914: 3445: 3408: 3112: 3037:

Kingdom of Nauvoo: The Rise and Fall of a Religious Empire on the American Frontier

2891: 2491: 2397: 1270: 1011: 856: 348: 195: 29: 799:. In April, Smith predicted "the entire overthrow of this nation in a few years." 3068: 3047: 248:

in the summers of 1839, 1840, and 1841. (In 1841 malaria killed Joseph's brother

3850: 2703: 2147:

Kinderhook Plates Brought to Joseph Smith Appear to Be a Nineteenth-Century Hoax

1714: 1516: 1318: 992: 708: 581: 526: 479: 364: 360: 233: 1201:(Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2000), 122. See also Douglas J. Davies, 928: 351:, and the concept that the earth had been organized out of preexisting matter. 3860: 3058: 2687: 1638: 997: 852: 770: 449: 401: 252:

and his namesake, Joseph's son Don Carlos, within a few days of one another.)

2954:, Salt Lake City, UT: Tribune Printing and Publishing Company, pp. 60–61 1641:

transgressions. He also risked prosecution under Illinois's anti-bigamy law."

3845: 3278: 3175: 3130: 3014:

Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith, Prophet's Wife, "Elect Lady," Polygamy's Foe

2783:, vol. 1, Nashville, TN: Southern Publishing Association, p. 157, 2113: 1304: 1266: 678: 327: 2686:, then President of the RLDS Church, and reburied along with Smith's wife 3245: 2692:

http://farms.byu.edu/publications/bookschapter.php?bookid=&chapid=264

2455:

On the legal issues, see Edwin Brown Firmage and Richard Collin Mangrum,

1070: 983:

Pepper-box pistol used by Joseph Smith to defend himself on June 27, 1844

685: 572: 381:

In 1835, Smith encouraged some Latter Day Saints in Kirtland to purchase

221: 1475: 1402: 3975: 2528:, 312; J. L. Clark writes that Hyrum's statement "appeared in the 1282:

Joseph Smith's Quorum of the Anointed, 1842-1845: A Documentary History

848: 245: 220:

In April 1839, Smith rejoined his followers who, having fled east from

1704:

Bushman (2005), 496 quoting Clayton, Journal, August 16, 21, 23, 1843,

1379:. The Joseph Smith Egyptian Papyri: Translations and Interpretations. 563:

On May 6, 1842, an unknown assailant shot former governor of Missouri

445: 2471:

Address of the Prophet—His Testimony Against the Dissenters at Nauvoo

1393: 1376: 766: 343:, his translation of what later turned out to be an ancient Egyptian 3070:

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Volume 2

3049:

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Volume 1

2535:

of June 19, 1844, but was omitted from the History of the Church" (

1225:

Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830-1915

1199:

Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830-1915

4073: 3301: 2903:

The Saintly Scoundrel: The Life and Times of Dr. John Cook Bennett

2434: 1979: 978: 970: 927: 693: 592:

The popular press was quick to blame Smith's friend and bodyguard

444: 278: 1146:"frequently had the ring of a real estate pamphlet." Brodie, 264. 2304:

Bushman, 511; Ostlings, 13; Remini, 166; Robert Bruce Flanders,

2252:

Bushman, 511; Brodie, 356. Smith also threatened Congress. The

1426:"Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham: A Response" 823:

candidacy for President of the United States, suspended regular

3134: 2547:. The council met on June 8 and June 10 to discuss the matter; 1313:

Some commentators have noted similarities between portions of

276:

trickled, then flooded, into Nauvoo, raising Smith's spirits.

2690:

in a location thought to be safer from Mississippi flooding.

404:

have subsequently determined them to be part of the Egyptian

4042:

Criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

1184:, 130: 22; Bushman (2005), 420. According to LDS theologian 4062:

Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri

2887:

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

2866:(2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. 2368:

Exiles in a Land of Liberty: Mormons in America, 1830-1846

3881:

Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement

2609:, John S. Fullmer, Dr. Southwick, and Lorenzo D. Wasson. 2224: 2222: 707:

In the last month of his life, June 1844, Smith declared

2704:

Our History - Smith Family Cemetery, Community of Christ

400:, but several fragments were rediscovered in the 1960s. 1573:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997), excluding one. 932:

Carthage Jail (c. 1885), where Smith was killed in 1844

616:

to make Nauvoo a territory. His petition was declined.

2459:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), 106-113. 1571:

In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith

711:

in Nauvoo and deployed the Legion to defend the city.

571:

discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with

2933:(2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books. 2433:

Law paid his workers in cash, but Smith "operated on

2354:

Bushman (2005), pp. 514–15; Brodie (1971), pp. 362–64

2308:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1965), 292-94. 2039:

Bushman, 468; Brodie, 323; Nauvoo Wasp, May 28, 1842.

2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 1949:

JOSEPH SMITH THE PROPHET: HIS FAMILY AND HIS FRIENDS

470:

that all too common fruit of pretended revelation."

355:

further elaborated to include baptism for the dead,

4014: 3968: 3935: 3838: 3719: 3558: 3469: 3401: 3294: 3199: 3168: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2059:"Accounts of the recovery of the Kinderhook plates" 791:, a policy-making body based on what Smith called " 2803:, New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, p. 215 2365: 2105: 1279:Anderson, Devery S.; Bergera, James, eds. (2005). 1223:Bushman (2005), 421. In general see, Kurt Widmer, 2811:The Joseph Smith Revelations: Text and Commentary 2735:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith 3518:Christian fellowships of "the Remnants" movement 1952:, copy of Wilhelm Ritter von Wymetal's 1886 book 3479:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3075:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3054:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2969:(1864), "History of Luke Johnson, by Himself", 2738:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. 1980:"Romney's Religion: A Mormon president? No way" 1884: 1882: 1880: 1265:Bushman (2005), 449. Smith was initiated as an 2839:, Grand Rapids, MI: Xulon Press, p. 632, 3358:Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments) 3274:Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history 3146: 2268:Bushman, 514-15; Brodie, 362-64. Smith chose 1899:The Prophet Joseph Smith and His Plural Wives 1335:Freemasonry and the Latter Day Saint movement 322:Freemasonry and the Latter Day Saint movement 173: 8: 1028:Phrenology and the Latter Day Saint Movement 4037:Bibliography of books critical of Mormonism 3550:List of Reorganized Restorationist churches 1874:Ostlings, 12; Bushman, 461-62; Brodie, 314. 1771: 1762: 940:was reported to Smith's journalistic enemy 3153: 3139: 3131: 3099: 3091:, Liverpool: S.W. Richards, archived from 1695:, 6: 224-26 (1887), quoted in Brodie, 341. 1205:(Cambridge University Press, 2003), 75-76. 963:and was taken to Carthage to stand trial. 180: 166: 18: 2525: 2521: 2508: 2504: 2082:Bushman, Rough Stone Rolling, p. 490 1392: 1331:Mormon America: The Power and the Promise 483:harsh measures to put a stop to abuse." 292:creation of a militia unit known as the " 204:. In 1844, after Smith was imprisoned in 4133:History of the Latter Day Saint movement 2372:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 1582:Compton, 11; Remini,154; Brodie, 334-43. 1130:The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism 815:1844 United States presidential election 787:In March 1844, Smith organized a secret 552:Profile of Joseph Smith (circa 1843) by 547: 544:Attempted assassination of Lilburn Boggs 224:, had spread out along the banks of the 2544: 2240: 2228: 1961: 1362: 1350: 1039: 809:Joseph Smith 1844 presidential campaign 28: 2972:The Latter Day Saints' Millennial Star 2655:, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 2540: 2332:The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power 1650:Leonard Arrington & Davis Bitton, 1346: 835:as Smith's running mate. His top aide 287:who visited Nauvoo on August 12, 1841. 3363:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible 2653:A Place of Peace, a People of Promise 2536: 1932: 1442:from the original on November 5, 2022 1381:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 7: 3948:Latter Day Saints in popular culture 2948:Wymetal, Wilhelm Ritter von (1886), 1978:Weisberg, Jacob (20 December 2006). 975:The murder of Joseph and Hyrum Smith 3686:Spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 2890:, vol. 6, Salt Lake City, UT: 2334:. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. 1743:, Nauvoo Neighbor, March 20, 1844 ( 803:United States presidential campaign 681:had only 8,500 men in this period. 419:Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy 23:This article is part of a series on 3825:List of prophecies of Joseph Smith 2306:Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi 1737:The Voice of Innocence from Nauvoo 882:, Smith's second counselor in the 567:three times in the head. Sheriff 14: 3803:Historicity of the Book of Mormon 3181:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 2762:. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. 2759:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling 1591:Bushman (2005), 439; Remini, 144. 1315:temple ordinance of the endowment 847:Smith proposed the redemption of 442:, Joseph then unwisely offended. 4089:Temple architecture (LDS Church) 3754:Black people and early Mormonism 3353:Criticism of Mormon sacred texts 2989:, Lawrence, KS: Corondao Press, 2836:The Rise of Mormonism: 1816–1844 855:; and the re-establishment of a 383:rolls of ancient Egyptian papyri 147: 36: 16:Final years of Joseph Smith, Jr. 1464:Religion & American Culture 1375:Wilson, John A. (Summer 1968). 1100:Brodie, 259. The editor of the 367:, a Mason from New York days." 3953:Portrayal of Mormons in comics 3908:Association for Mormon Letters 2863:Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith 2833:Marquardt, H. Michael (2005), 2808:Marquardt, H. Michael (1999), 2091:For example, in 1979, apostle 763:President of the United States 690:President of the United States 600:Bennett and "spiritual wifery" 208:, he was shot and killed when 1: 2797:La Rue, William Earl (1919), 2777:Clark, Jerome Leslie (1968), 1317:and the Royal Arch Degree of 273:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2908:University of Illinois Press 2010:. Xulon Press. p. 494. 2006:MacKinney, Jonathan (2006). 1203:An Introduction to Mormonism 936:When the destruction of the 154:Latter Day Saints portal 3538:Latter Day Church of Christ 3378:Book of the Law of the Lord 3255:Community of Christ history 2985:McKiernan, F. Mark (1971), 2008:Revelation Plain And Simple 1837:Ostlings, 12; Bushman, 459. 740:Nauvoo Legion volunteers. 538:Boggs assassination attempt 271:, the senior member of the 210:a mob stormed the jailhouse 4169: 2930:Mormon Polygamy: A History 1623:Bushman (2005), 439, 444; 1018:acquitted the defendants. 900: 866: 812: 806: 780: 666: 623: 541: 416: 374: 315: 4153:Later lives by individual 4107: 3533:Apostolic United Brethren 3392:Fettingites and offshoots 3226:History of the LDS Church 3191:Teachings of Joseph Smith 3162:Latter Day Saint movement 3119: 3110: 3102: 2900:Smith, Andrew F. (1971), 2780:1844: Religious Movements 2364:Winn, Kenneth H. (1990). 1745:LDS History of the Church 1612:Journal of Mormon History 1554:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 638:A letter was sent to the 533:Allegations against Smith 318:Teachings of Joseph Smith 202:Latter Day Saint movement 4112:Latter Day Saints Portal 4067:Kirtland Egyptian papers 3231:Mormon handcart pioneers 3035:Park, Benjamin E. 2020. 2645:Witness to the Martyrdom 2112:. Salt Lake City, Utah: 1460:See p. 191n83–192n83 in 1365:, pp. 157, 288–290) 1353:, pp. 286, 289–290) 1267:Entered Apprentice Mason 1164:Bushman (2005), 410-13; 556:, first wife of Apostle 3559:Doctrines and practices 2925:Van Wagoner, Richard S. 2622:passed along to Hyrum." 2317:Quoted in Bushman, 521. 1772:Newell & Avery 1994 1681:Bushman (2005), 495-96. 1550:No Man Knows My History 869:Killing of Joseph Smith 283:Smith preaching to the 240:. He renamed the area 3641:Melchizedek priesthood 3009:Avery, Valeen Tippetts 2906:, Urbana and Chicago: 2882:Roberts, Brigham Henry 2858:Avery, Valeen Tippetts 2754:Bushman, Richard Lyman 2651:Leanord, Glen (2002), 2647:, pp. 91, 114–115 1792:Quoted in Brodie, 269. 1672:Quoted in Brodie, 339. 1134:University of Illinois 984: 976: 933: 915:King Follett discourse 839:campaigned for Smith. 723:and Missouri Governor 635:with an acid process. 560: 453: 438:, whose young editor, 288: 4079:Mormonism and history 3631:Judaism and Mormonism 3543:Centennial Park group 3523:Mormon fundamentalism 3186:Mormon fundamentalism 2475:History of the Church 1920:FARMS Review of Books 1652:The Mormon Experience 1433:University of Chicago 982: 974: 931: 862: 551: 448: 282: 3818:Geographical setting 3764:Joseph Smith's views 3646:Patriarchal blessing 3596:Early views on death 3496:Restoration branches 3402:Founders and leaders 3388:The Word of the Lord 3368:Pearl of Great Price 3265:Restoration branches 2715:Bushman (2005), 552. 2414:Bushman (2005), 527. 2095:wrote a book called 1911:Anderson, Richard L. 1496:Bushman (2005), 436. 1349:, pp. 170–75); 1236:Bushman (2005), 422. 1214:Bushman (2005), 421. 1155:Bushman (2005), 410. 498:Disclosure to others 409:papyri's content..) 349:pre-mortal existence 337:baptism for the dead 4057:Joseph Smith Papyri 3706:Women and Mormonism 3636:Law of consecration 3626:Islam and Mormonism 3606:Gifts of the Spirit 3491:Community of Christ 3214:Extermination Order 3017:, Garden City, NY: 2605:, Stephen Markham, 1741:Virtue Will Triumph 1476:10.1017/rac.2021.11 920:Smith declared the 843:Political positions 756:Increasing tensions 478:, Joseph's brother 285:Sac and Fox Indians 3958:Mormon pornography 3927:Placement marriage 3866:Mormon blogosphere 3241:Mormon Reformation 3005:Newell, Linda King 2894:, pp. 430–432 2854:Newell, Linda King 2696:The Tomb of Joseph 2684:Frederick M. Smith 2492:"Nauvoo Expositor" 2142:Kimball, Stanley B 2108:Those Gold Plates! 2097:Those Gold Plates! 1915:Faulring, Scott H. 1905:2008-06-22 at the 1614:20 (1994): 84-118. 1424:Ritner, Robert K. 1377:"A Summary Report" 1285:. Salt Lake City: 1082:Bushman, 384, 425. 985: 977: 934: 698:Lieutenant General 561: 554:Bathsheba W. Smith 454: 398:Great Chicago Fire 289: 206:Carthage, Illinois 4120: 4119: 4084:Reformed Egyptian 4006:Smith Family Farm 3920:Mormon folk music 3893:Mormon literature 3776:Pacific Islanders 3651:Plan of salvation 3576:Articles of Faith 3566:Adam–God doctrine 3471:LDS denominations 3456:Granville Hedrick 3451:William Bickerton 3373:Lectures on Faith 3284:William Bickerton 3219:Succession crisis 3169:Fundamental ideas 3129: 3128: 3120:Succeeded by 2996:978-0-87291-024-9 2940:978-0-941214-79-7 2917:978-0-252-02282-1 2825:978-1-56085-126-4 2790:978-1-57258-068-8 2398:Smith, Joseph Jr. 2383:978-0-8078-1829-9 2328:Quinn, D. Michael 2102:Petersen, Mark E. 1964:, pp. 60–61 1732:Times and Seasons 1728:Times and Seasons 1693:Historical Record 874:Dissent in Nauvoo 797:Republic of Texas 702:George Washington 640:Times and Seasons 626:Kinderhook Plates 620:Kinderhook Plates 512:John Cook Bennett 406:Book of Breathing 198:from 1839 to 1844 190: 189: 24: 4160: 3991:Nauvoo, Illinois 3936:The Mormon Image 3771:Native Americans 3691:Son of perdition 3676:Second anointing 3616:Heavenly Parents 3591:Degrees of glory 3441:Joseph Smith III 3436:Wilford Woodruff 3260:Amboy Conference 3236:Mormon Battalion 3209:Church of Christ 3155: 3148: 3141: 3132: 3103:Preceded by 3100: 3096: 3083:Smith, Lucy Mack 3077: 3056: 3031: 2999: 2980: 2955: 2944: 2920: 2895: 2877: 2849: 2828: 2804: 2793: 2773: 2749: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2680: 2674: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2599:Willard Richards 2591: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2575:, June 14, 1844. 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2518: 2512: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2484: 2478: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2371: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2277: 2266: 2260: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2217: 2214: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2154:, pp. 66–74 2138: 2132: 2131: 2111: 2093:Mark E. Petersen 2089: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1974: 1968: 1959: 1953: 1945: 1939: 1930: 1924: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1763:Van Wagoner 1992 1759: 1753: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1648: 1642: 1635: 1629: 1621: 1615: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1574: 1567: 1561: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1441: 1430: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1396: 1394:10.2307/45227259 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1344: 1338: 1312: 1307:. Archived from 1263: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1190:David L. Paulsen 1186:David L. Paulsen 1179: 1173: 1162: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1106: 1102:Chicago Democrat 1098: 1092: 1091:Bushman, 392-93. 1089: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1066: 1060: 1053: 1047: 1044: 910:Nauvoo Expositor 903:Nauvoo Expositor 896:Nauvoo Expositor 884:First Presidency 789:Council of Fifty 783:Council of Fifty 777:Council of Fifty 607:Spiritual Wifery 345:Book of the Dead 257:Martin Van Buren 230:Quincy, Illinois 182: 175: 168: 152: 151: 150: 40: 22: 19: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4143:1839 beginnings 4123: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4103: 4010: 3986:Mormon corridor 3964: 3931: 3888:Mormon foodways 3876:Mormon folklore 3834: 3715: 3621:Heavenly Mother 3554: 3465: 3397: 3382:Strangites only 3319:Book of Abraham 3290: 3195: 3164: 3159: 3125: 3116: 3108: 3081: 3063: 3042: 3039:. W. W. Norton. 3029: 3003: 2997: 2984: 2965: 2962: 2960:Further reading 2947: 2941: 2923: 2918: 2899: 2880: 2874: 2852: 2847: 2832: 2826: 2816:Signature Books 2807: 2796: 2791: 2776: 2770: 2752: 2746: 2730:Brodie, Fawn M. 2728: 2725: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2681: 2677: 2667: 2663: 2650: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2519: 2515: 2503: 2499: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2267: 2263: 2255:Millennial Star 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2227: 2220: 2215: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2144:(August 1981), 2140: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2100: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2018: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1942: 1935:, pp. 113 1931: 1927: 1907:Wayback Machine 1896: 1892: 1887: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847:15, 1842), 724. 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1760: 1756: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1649: 1645: 1636: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1564: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1531: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1418: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1361: 1357: 1345: 1341: 1327:Joan K. Ostling 1323:Richard Ostling 1297: 1287:Signature Books 1278: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1180: 1176: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1139:Millennial Star 1126:Grant Underwood 1122: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1063: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1024: 1010:the unfinished 1007: 969: 942:Thomas C. Sharp 905: 899: 876: 871: 865: 845: 829:Anointed Quorum 817: 811: 805: 785: 779: 758: 746:Stephen Douglas 725:Thomas Reynolds 717: 671: 665: 628: 622: 602: 594:Porter Rockwell 577:Porter Rockwell 558:George A. Smith 546: 540: 535: 523:John C. Bennett 506:New York Herald 500: 476:William Clayton 450:Emma Hale Smith 440:Thomas C. Sharp 432:newspaper, the 426:Stephen Douglas 421: 415: 413:Plural marriage 391:Book of Abraham 379: 377:Book of Abraham 373: 371:Book of Abraham 341:Book of Abraham 324: 316:Main articles: 314: 218: 186: 148: 146: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4166: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4125: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4022:Anti-Mormonism 4018: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3996:Salt Lake City 3993: 3988: 3983: 3981:Kirtland, Ohio 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3945: 3943:Mormon studies 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3903:Mormon fiction 3900: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3711:Word of Wisdom 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3656:Premortal life 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3475: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3461:Alpheus Cutler 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3421:Oliver Cowdery 3418: 3417: 3416: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3385: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3331:Book of Mormon 3328: 3327: 3326: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3135: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3079: 3065:Roberts, B. H. 3061: 3044:Roberts, B. H. 3040: 3033: 3027: 3001: 2995: 2982: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2945: 2939: 2921: 2916: 2897: 2878: 2872: 2850: 2845: 2830: 2824: 2805: 2794: 2789: 2774: 2768: 2750: 2744: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2708: 2675: 2671:O Lord my God! 2661: 2643:Taylor, John, 2633: 2624: 2614: 2603:John P. Greene 2586: 2577: 2565: 2556: 2526:Marquardt 1999 2522:Marquardt 2005 2520:Bushman, 540; 2513: 2509:Marquardt 1999 2505:Marquardt 2005 2497: 2490:(1844-06-07). 2479: 2461: 2448: 2439: 2426: 2416: 2407: 2389: 2382: 2356: 2347: 2340: 2319: 2310: 2297: 2287: 2278: 2261: 2245: 2243:, p. 506. 2233: 2231:, p. 505. 2218: 2172: 2163: 2133: 2126: 2084: 2075: 2050: 2041: 2032: 2023: 2016: 1998: 1969: 1954: 1940: 1925: 1890: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1839: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1785: 1776: 1774:, p. 308) 1754: 1750:Church History 1723:Saints' Herald 1706: 1697: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1643: 1630: 1616: 1602: 1593: 1584: 1575: 1562: 1558:Church History 1541: 1537:Church History 1529: 1525:Saints' Herald 1508: 1498: 1489: 1470:(2): 137–192. 1453: 1416: 1367: 1355: 1339: 1311:on 2013-02-02. 1295: 1258: 1248: 1238: 1229: 1216: 1207: 1174: 1157: 1148: 1116: 1107: 1093: 1084: 1075: 1061: 1048: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1006: 1003: 968: 965: 901:Main article: 898: 893: 875: 872: 867:Main article: 864: 861: 844: 841: 807:Main article: 804: 801: 781:Main article: 778: 775: 757: 754: 716: 715:Arrest attempt 713: 667:Main article: 664: 661: 645:Book of Mormon 624:Main article: 621: 618: 601: 598: 542:Main article: 539: 536: 534: 531: 503:16, 1842, the 499: 496: 424:War. Although 417:Main article: 414: 411: 375:Main article: 372: 369: 313: 310: 238:Hancock County 217: 214: 188: 187: 185: 184: 177: 170: 162: 159: 158: 157: 156: 143: 142: 137: 129: 128: 127: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 73: 72: 71: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 42: 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4165: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Theodemocracy 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4052:Golden plates 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3898:Mormon poetry 3896: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3871:Mormon cinema 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3732:current state 3730: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720:Controversies 3718: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3431:Brigham Young 3429: 3427: 3426:Sidney Rigdon 3424: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3348:Book of Moses 3346: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3312:New Testament 3310: 3308: 3307:Old Testament 3305: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3124: 3115: 3114: 3107: 3101: 3095:on 2004-04-30 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3059:Alternate URL 3055: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3028:0-252-02399-4 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2967:Johnson, Luke 2964: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2873:0-252-06291-4 2869: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2846:1-59781-470-9 2842: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2769:1-4000-4270-4 2765: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2745:0-394-46967-4 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2584:Ostlings, 16. 2581: 2578: 2574: 2573:Warsaw Signal 2569: 2566: 2563:Bushman, 541. 2560: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2493: 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Knowledge (XXG)

Life of Joseph Smith from 1839 to 1844

Index