781:
793:
156:
140:
1034:
148:
712:) to allow automatic inflation to the operations size. SOLAS and military regulations require these to be sealed, never opened by the ship's crew; they are removed at set intervals (annually on merchant vessels) and sent to a certified facility to open and inspect the liferaft and contents. In contrast, a lifeboat is open, and regulations require a crew member to inspect it periodically and ensure all required equipment is present.
429:; the first units were delivered in 1944. These radically new lifeboats were 24 feet (7.3 m) in length and weighed 5,000 lb (2,300 kg). They had two enclosed cabins (one at each end) which could hold a total of 25 persons. The space in between was designed to help persons in the water be pulled aboard, and could be enclosed with a canvas top. The new type lifeboat could be driven either by a small motor or sail.
693:
458:
323:
757:
819:
43:
468:(Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft) are mandatory on all merchant vessels, tankers, MODUs, Floating Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms and some fixed offshore oil and gas platforms per 1983 Chapter III amendment to IMO SOLAS 1974. TEMPSC offer superior protection against fire on the water, poisonous gases and severe weather conditions (especially heat, cold and rough seas).
338:
842:
769:
1388:
856:, tested to survive a flaming oil or petroleum product spill from the tanker. Fire protection of such boats is provided by insulation and a sprinkler system which has a pipe system on top, through which water is pumped and sprayed to cool the surface while the boat is driven clear of the flames. This system, while not
727:, these self-rescue dinghies are designed to let the passengers propel themselves to safety by sailing or rowing. In addition to their use as proactive lifeboats, these self-rescue dinghies are also designed to function as unsinkable yacht tenders. An example of a self-rescue dinghy/lifeboat is the Portland Pudgy.
223:) canisters or mechanical pumps. A quick release and pressure release mechanism is fitted on ships so that the canister or pump automatically inflates the lifeboat, and the lifeboat breaks free of the sinking vessel. Commercial aircraft are also required to carry auto-inflating liferafts in case of an emergency
928:
are installed in each tube to prevent overpressure. Repairs to holes or rips up to six inches in length can be made using special sealing clamps. Occupants in USN liferafts are protected from wind, rain and sun by built-in canopies which automatically inflate. Hatches are sealable to prevent rain and
923:
USN liferafts are stowed in heavy-duty fiberglass canisters and can be launched manually or automatically should the ship begin to sink. Automatic launching and inflation is actuated by a change in pressure sensed by a hydrostatic release device should the ship begin to sink. A hand pump is provided
436:
wood liferaft that would not sink, irrespective of the number of holes (from enemy fire) in it. These balsa liferafts were designed to hold five to ten men on a platform suspended on the inside or fifteen to twenty-five hanging lines placed on the outsides. They were inexpensive, and during the war
384:
The need for so many more lifeboats on the decks of passenger ships after 1912 led to the use of most of the deck space available even on the large ships, creating the problem of restricted passageways. This attempted to be addressed by creating (or adding) separate lifeboat decks, and the wider use
238:
on a ship's deck, and are hard to sink in normal circumstances. The cover serves as protection from sun, wind and rain, can be used to collect rainwater, and is normally made of a reflective or fluorescent material that is highly visible. Lifeboats have oars, flares and mirrors for signaling, first
715:
Modern lifeboats have a motor; liferafts usually do not. Large lifeboats use a davit or launching system (there might be multiple lifeboats on one), that requires a human to launch. Lifeboat launching takes longer and has higher risk of failure due to human factors. However lifeboats do not suffer
899:
respectively. Smaller combatant craft often use 6, 10 or 15-person commercial liferafts. The number of liferafts carried on USN ships is determined based on the maximum number of personnel carried aboard plus 10% as a safety margin. Aircraft carriers carry either 254 MK7 liferafts or 127 MK8 life
738:
the people on board (the stated capacity of the lifeboat, irrespective of the fact that there may actually be fewer people on board). However, if the lifeboats are "easily transferable" (i.e. have an open deck between port and starboard lifeboat decks), the number of liferafts may be reduced to a
833:
stored on a downward sloping slipway normally on the stern of the vessel. These freefall lifeboats drop into the water when the holdback is released. Such lifeboats are considerably heavier as they are strongly constructed to survive the impact with water. Freefall lifeboats are used for their
915:
containing dry, breathable compressed air provide initial inflation. Depending on the model liferaft, each cylinder may contain up to 5000 psi of compressed air. Each liferaft is equipped with an external, automatically actuated light beacon and internal lighting. Power is provided by
448:
operating alone, was sunk on 30 July 1945, none of its larger lifeboats were launched, and the survivors had to rely on balsa liferafts automatically released as the ship sank; many of the crew perished, but the balsa liferafts saved others; ultimately 316 of 1,196 crew survived.
239:
aid supplies, and food and water for several days. Some lifeboats are more capably equipped to permit self-rescue, with supplies such as a radio, an engine and sail, heater, navigational equipment, solar water stills, rainwater catchments and fishing equipment.
300:, it will not be possible to compel the passenger steamers running between England and France to have boats sufficient for the very numerous passengers they often carry. They would encumber the decks, and rather add to the danger than detract from it.
471:
Merchant
Vessels whose keels were laid on or before 1 January 1986 are required to have 200% evacuation capacity with one lifeboat fitted on the port side and one on the starboard side, so that a lifeboat is always available even if the ship is
890:
The United States Navy (USN) uses five types of custom inflatable liferafts as well as a number of commercially available Coast Guard approved liferafts. The 25-person MK-6 and MK-7 are used on surface ships, the 50-person MK-8 on
437:
thousands were stored in any space possible on US warships and merchant ships. These liferafts were intended only for use during a short term before lifeboats or another ship in the convoy or group could bring them aboard. When
900:
rafts. While both are similar to heavy-duty commercial liferafts, USN liferafts use breathable air as the inflation gas rather than carbon dioxide to ensure full inflation within 30 seconds in Arctic environments.
911:-coated fabric, however, the majority of MK8 liferafts are also manufactured of polyurethane fabric. The lifeboat is compact and made of separate compartments, or "tubes", as a redundancy against puncture. Two
246:(SOLAS) and the International Life-Saving Appliance Code (LSA) requires certain emergency equipment be carried on each lifeboat and liferaft used on international voyages. Modern lifeboats carry an
1211:
780:
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212:
often double as lifeboats. Recreational sailors usually carry inflatable liferafts, though a few prefer small proactive lifeboats that are harder to sink and can be sailed to safety.
1277:
731:
243:
665:
A food ration with an energy value of at least 10,000 kJ (2,400 Cal) for each person the liferaft is designed to hold, packed in airtight and waterproof packaging.
476:
to one side. Lifeboat capacity is specified and listed on the ship's "safety equipment certificate". Further details of the boats are found in "Form E" of this certificate.
668:
Watertight container with 1.5 litres of fresh water for each person the liferaft is designed to hold. (0.5 litre per person may be replaced with desalination equipment).
1022:
with a two-man crew, John
Charles Buckley and Nikola Primorac (di Costa). They upgraded it with two masts and took advantage of favorable winds on the return journey.
544:
A food ration with an energy value of at least 10,000 kJ (2390 Calories) for each person the lifeboat is designed to hold, packed in airtight and waterproof packaging.
979:
USN inflatable liferafts are serviced every five years. Each liferaft is test inflated before repacking. The USN liferafts have a high reliability rate of inflation.
792:
838:
that are in danger of sinking too rapidly for conventional lifeboats to be released. Seagoing oil rigs are also customarily equipped with this type of lifeboat.
417:
it was found that the chance of the crews of merchant ships surviving in open lifeboats was not very good unless they were rescued in a couple of hours. The
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247:
1222:
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asked various groups and manufacturers to suggest solutions. The result was the first enclosed, unsinkable, self-righting lifeboat, manufactured in
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By the turn of the 20th century larger ships meant more people could travel, but safety rules regarding lifeboats remained out of date: for example,
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278:
60:
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on April 15, 1912, that a broader movement began to require a sufficient number of lifeboats on passenger ships for all people on board.
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742:
The equipment carried in a liferaft is much less than a lifeboat. Unlike lifeboats, liferafts are not self-righting and have no motor.
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Since 2006 smaller self-rescue lifeboats have been introduced for use by boats with fewer people aboard: these are rigid dinghies with
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126:
107:
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A Speck on the Sea: Epic
Voyages in the Most Improbable Vessels, page 57, William H. Longyard, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003.
79:
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legislation concerning the number of lifeboats was based on the tonnage of a vessel and only encompassed vessels of "10,000
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slightly exceeded the required 1,060, it still fell over 2,000 shy of the ship's maximum carrying load of 3,330 people.
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1197:
The naval artificer's manual: (The naval artificer's handbook revised) text, questions and general information for deck
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capability to launch nearly instantly, and high reliability in any conditions. Since 2006 they have been required on
93:
989:
327:
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improved the design of life rafts. She patented a life-saving raft in both the United States and
England in 1880.
53:
884:
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75:
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1413:
734:(SOLAS) makes it a requirement for merchant ships to have liferafts on each side of the ship, sufficient for
1270:"SOLAS, SAR amendments enter into force: bulk carriers, persons rescued at seaVery Light Jets: Boom or Blip"
650:
One electric torch suitable for Morse signalling with spare batteries and bulb (in a waterproof container).
556:
One electric torch suitable for Morse signalling with spare batteries and bulb (in a waterproof container).
406:
723:-inflated exposure canopies and other safety equipment. Like the lifeboats used before the advent of the
1006:
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228:
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A complement of buoyant oars, sufficient to make headway in calm seas (except for free-fall lifeboats).
147:
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coated fabric which has very high durability. Old MK6 and a few MK8 life rafts are manufactured of
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356:
155:
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Watertight container with 3 liter of fresh water for each person the lifeboat is designed to hold.
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100:
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31:
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to "top-off" pressure at night when temperatures drop and internal air pressure decreases.
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The
Parliamentary debates (Authorized edition), Volume 200, 21 March 1870, p.323-324
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Proactive lifeboat, sailing. Note unzipped middle section of canopy and reefed sail.
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1052:
987:
The first 19th-century shipboard lifeboat to make a transatlantic crossing was the
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912:
904:
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ensures the proper type and number of lifeboats are in good repair on large ships.
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One buoyant rescue knife with lanyard (two if liferaft holds more than 13 persons).
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lifeboat regulations were based on. Even though the 1,178 person capacity of its
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canister, and also contain some high-pressure gas (in commercial models, usually
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against engine failure, allows fireproof lifeboats to be built of fiberglass.
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705:
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426:
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Mothers and
Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology
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802:
193:
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Thermal protective aids, two or for 10% of occupants, whichever is greater.
601:
Thermal protective aids, two or for 10% of occupants, whichever is greater.
184:
carried for emergency evacuation in the event of a disaster aboard a ship.
1387:
929:
seawater from entering the liferafts. Survival equipment includes: manual
1513:
1084:
908:
857:
495:
The Life Saving
Appliance (LSA) requires that the following be provided;
220:
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17:
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363:
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s gross tonnage of 46,000 tonnes was almost five times that which the
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700:. Note the small screw enclosed in a cowl to protect against injuries
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197:
1143:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 348.
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Anti-seasickness medication sufficient for each person for 48 hours.
571:
Anti-seasickness medication sufficient for each person for 48 hours.
341:
A collapsible
Engelhardt lifeboat carrying survivors of the sunken
1467:
1200:. United States. Bureau of Reconstruction and Repair. p. 198.
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456:
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Liferafts in general are collapsible, and stored in a heavy-duty
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to allow the divers to escape without undergoing decompression.
620:
One buoyant bailer (two if liferaft holds more than 13 persons).
583:
Manual pump suitable for bailing (if lifeboat not self bailing).
189:
181:
1409:
961:
36:
192:) are also used. In the military, a lifeboat may double as a
716:
from inflation system failures as inflatable liferafts do.
215:
Inflatable lifeboats may be equipped with auto-inflation (
151:
Proactive lifeboat-safety dinghy for recreational cruisers
1343:"Nautical archive, ship horn of the Red White & Blue"
188:
are required by law on larger commercial ships. Rafts (
635:
One first aid kit in a resealable waterproof container.
592:
Fire extinguishing equipment suitable for liquid fires.
568:
One first aid kit in a resealable waterproof container.
732:
International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
244:
International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
27:
Small boat carried on a ship for emergency evacuation
1248:"Portland company builds locally sourced life boats"
1001:, England, with a two-man crew in 1866. In 1870 the
659:
One copy of life saving signals on waterproof paper.
562:
One copy of life saving signals on waterproof paper.
1501:
1443:
483:are an exception – they have only one boat, at the
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
580:Two rescue quoits with 30 meters of floating line.
491:Equipment to be carried on lifeboats and liferafts
614:One rescue quoit with 30 meters of floating line.
143:Partially enclosed lifeboats on a passenger liner
1400:"Luxury Liner" Life Raft For Bomber Crews At Sea
1402:April 1943 article, very detailed with drawings
1168:. Bonnier Corporation – via Google Books.
532:Two hatchets (one at each end of the lifeboat).
294:
1010:became the second small lifeboat to cross the
1421:
1070:- an ethical dilemma of resource distribution
993:, which made the crossing in 38 days between
274:were used as lifeboats in case of emergency.
8:
1183:. Hearst Magazines – via Google Books.
964:, spare batteries and bulbs, and aluminized
762:Inflatable liferaft in hard-shelled canister
936:(MROD), bottles of fresh water, individual
277:In March 1870, answering a question at the
30:For lifeboats used by rescue services, see
1428:
1414:
1406:
1058:Equipment of the United States Coast Guard
739:total sufficient for the ship's capacity.
480:
248:Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
805:, picking up refugees adrift on liferafts
632:Three tin openers and a pair of scissors.
234:Ship-launched lifeboats are lowered from
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1246:Riedmann, Meagan S. (October 19, 2010).
903:Base material used on MK7 life rafts is
895:and LRU-13A and LRU-12A on aircraft and
671:One graduated rustproof drinking vessel.
389:, a number of which had been carried on
1117:
752:
638:One whistle or equivalent sound signal.
565:One whistle or equivalent sound signal.
1313:JOINT FLEET MAINTENANCE MANUAL - REV B
541:A rustproof graduated drinking vessel.
362:It was not until after the sinking of
279:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
1164:Corporation, Bonnier (1 April 1944).
944:, signaling mirror, rocket and smoke
574:One jack knife attached by a lanyard.
159:Lifeboats at shore shortly after the
7:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1298:Self Propelled Hyperbaric Lifeboats
1219:International Maritime Organization
1090:Royal National Lifeboat Institution
972:") to aid in caring for victims of
1179:Magazines, Hearst (1 March 1943).
696:Modern fully enclosed lifeboat on
538:A rustproof dipper (with lanyard).
25:
647:Two buoyant orange smoke signals.
641:Four red rocket parachute flares.
553:Two buoyant orange smoke signals.
547:Four red rocket parachute flares.
510:A buoyant bailer and two buckets.
1386:
1349:. Live Auctioneers. 13 July 2019
1032:
791:
779:
767:
755:
180:is a small, rigid or inflatable
41:
656:One daylight signalling mirror.
559:One daylight signalling mirror.
409:with convoys going to northern
52:needs additional citations for
680:Immediate action instructions.
1:
1221:. 4 June 1996. Archived from
1127:H. M. Stationery Office, 1870
256:Search and Rescue Transponder
879:United States Navy liferafts
461:Inside an enclosed lifeboat
432:In 1943 the US developed a
1571:
883:In the United States, the
662:One set of fishing tackle.
586:One set of fishing tackle.
29:
885:United States Coast Guard
822:Freefall lifeboat of the
453:Totally enclosed lifeboat
296:...in the opinion of the
165:capsized on the coast of
76:"Lifeboat" shipboard
1137:Stanley, Autumn (1995).
1079:Marine evacuation system
1074:Lifeboats of the Titanic
774:Open inflatable liferaft
688:Liferaft versus lifeboat
1212:"RESOLUTION MSC.48(66)"
983:Transatlantic crossings
747:Liferafts and lifeboats
333:surrounded by lifeboats
326:An image depicting the
1252:The Working Waterfront
852:are required to carry
846:
826:
701:
677:Survival instructions.
589:Tools for adjustments.
462:
407:Battle of the Atlantic
348:
334:
308:
229:offshore oil platforms
169:
152:
144:
1395:at Wikimedia Commons
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814:Specialized lifeboats
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481:"free fall" lifeboats
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387:collapsible lifeboats
340:
325:
281:about the sinking of
250:(EPIRB) and either a
231:also have liferafts.
158:
150:
142:
1194:McCall Pate (1918).
871:which incorporate a
869:hyperbaric lifeboats
644:Six red hand flares.
629:Two buoyant paddles.
550:Six red hand flares.
516:Illuminated compass.
61:improve this article
1347:liveauctioneers.com
1181:"Popular Mechanics"
990:Red, White and Blue
863:Vessels that house
854:fireproof lifeboats
845:Lifeboat on oil rig
653:One radar reflector
357:gross register tons
310:In the late 1880s,
305:George Shaw-Lefevre
290:George Shaw-Lefevre
1318:United States Navy
873:hyperbaric chamber
847:
829:Some ships have a
827:
702:
598:A radar reflector.
577:Three tin openers.
513:A survival manual.
479:Ships fitted with
463:
359:(grt) and over".
349:
335:
170:
153:
145:
1532:
1531:
1391:Media related to
1166:"Popular Science"
1095:Search and Rescue
1048:Airborne lifeboat
918:lithium batteries
893:aircraft carriers
865:saturation divers
831:freefall lifeboat
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32:Lifeboat (rescue)
16:(Redirected from
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1320:. Archived from
1316:. Vol. VI.
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167:Isola del Giglio
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1068:Lifeboat ethics
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931:reverse osmosis
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507:Two boat hooks.
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328:sinking of RMS
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318:Titanic sinking
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252:radar reflector
186:Lifeboat drills
162:Costa Concordia
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710:compressed air
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217:carbon dioxide
206:ship's tenders
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1545:Ship's boats
1508:
1437:Ship's boats
1385:
1363:
1353:19 September
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1312:
1305:
1293:
1282:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1256:the original
1251:
1241:
1230:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1206:
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1139:
1132:
1120:
1106:Lunar module
1104:Apollo XIII
1053:Carley float
1005:
988:
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978:
938:food packets
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905:polyurethane
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623:Two sponges.
604:
494:
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441:Indianapolis
440:
431:
415:Arctic Ocean
413:through the
403:World War II
400:
397:World War II
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379:20 lifeboats
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210:cruise ships
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1519:Picket boat
1445:Age of Sail
974:hypothermia
942:fishing kit
934:desalinator
799:Sea Watch 2
268:Age of Sail
266:During the
1539:Categories
1483:Jolly boat
1328:2009-05-08
1284:2007-02-27
1280:. May 2006
1232:2020-05-14
1150:0813521971
1112:References
1063:Escape pod
954:sea anchor
950:flashlight
897:submarines
706:fiberglass
520:Sea anchor
427:New Jersey
292:said that
87:newspapers
1555:Lifeboats
1493:Whaleboat
1473:Long boat
1393:lifeboats
968:sheets ("
803:Sea-Watch
439:USS
364:RMS
343:RMS
194:whaleboat
190:liferafts
117:June 2010
1514:MOB boat
1509:Lifeboat
1085:Poon Lim
1026:See also
952:, spare
909:neoprene
858:failsafe
527:painters
405:and the
371:Titanic'
303:—
285:Normandy
283:PS
258:(SART).
221:nitrogen
178:liferaft
174:lifeboat
18:Liferaft
1458:Pinnace
1014:, from
999:Margate
962:paddles
850:Tankers
474:listing
446:cruiser
423:Delanco
419:US Navy
401:During
391:Titanic
366:Titanic
353:British
345:Titanic
330:Titanic
262:Origins
101:scholar
1524:Tender
1502:Modern
1488:Dinghy
1478:Cutter
1453:Launch
1371:
1310:"18".
1147:
1020:Boston
946:flares
867:carry
466:TEMPSC
411:Russia
270:, the
236:davits
204:. The
198:dinghy
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1550:Rafts
1278:SOLAS
1226:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1081:(MES)
966:mylar
801:, of
485:stern
434:balsa
200:, or
108:JSTOR
94:books
1369:ISBN
1355:2020
1145:ISBN
1016:Cork
1003:yawl
997:and
730:The
525:Two
444:, a
242:The
182:boat
80:news
1463:Gig
1018:to
736:all
385:of
254:or
219:or
208:of
202:gig
176:or
63:by
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124:(
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115:(
105:·
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34:.
20:)
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