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required the reintroduction of the minimal negativity that had been previously eliminated. The cult of the new that had been the prerogative of art throughout the modernist epoch into the period of post-war unification and stabilization has returned to capital expansion from which it originally sprang. But this negativity is neither shocking nor emancipatory since it does not presage a transformation of the fundamental structures of everyday life. On the contrary, through the culture industry capital has co-opted the dynamics of negation both diachronically in its restless production of new and "different" commodities and synchronically in its promotion of alternative "life-styles."
207:, this child will be 27% more likely to become healthy and adopt the same lifestyle. For instance, high income parents are more likely to eat more fruit and vegetables, have time to exercise, and provide the best living condition to their children. On the other hand, low-income parents are more likely to participate in unhealthy activities such as smoking to help them release poverty-related stress and depression. Parents are the first teacher for every child. Everything that parents do will be very likely transferred to their children through the learning process.
166:'s work). Finally, a further development leads to the so-called profiles-and-trends approach, at the core of which is an analysis of the relations between mental and behavioural variables, bearing in mind that socio-cultural trends influence both the diffusion of various lifestyles within a population and the emerging of different modalities of interaction between thought and action.
114:, with his 'emulation' concept, opens this perspective by asserting that people adopt specific 'schemes of life', and in particular specific patterns of 'conspicuous consumption', depending on a desire for distinction from social strata they identify as inferior and a desire for emulation of the ones identified as superior.
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In our drafts, we spoke of "mass culture." We replaced that expression with "culture industry" in order to exclude from the outset the interpretation agreeable to its advocates: that it is a matter of something like a culture that arises spontaneously from the masses themselves, the contemporary form
220:
I have come to know hundreds of young people who have found that illness or bingeing on drugs and sugar became the doorway to health. Once they reestablished their own health, we had in common our interest in food. If one can use that overworked word lifestyle, we shared a sugarfree lifestyle. I kept
123:
carries out formal analysis of lifestyles, at the heart of which can be found processes of individualisation, identification, differentiation, and recognition, understood both as generating processes of, and effects generated by, lifestyles, operating "vertically" as well as "horizontally". Finally,
292:
Diversity is more effectively present in mass media than previously, but this is not an obvious or unequivocal gain. By the late 1950s, the homogenization of consciousness had become counterproductive for the purposes of capital expansion; new needs for new commodities had to be created, and this
118:
intends lifestyles as distinctive elements of status groups strictly connected with a dialectic of recognition of prestige: the lifestyle is the most visible manifestation of social differentiation, even within the same social class, and in particular it shows the prestige which the individuals
161:
we move on to the so-called AIO approach in which attitudes, interests and opinions are considered as fundamental lifestyles' components, being analysed from both synchronic and diachronic points of view and interpreted on the basis of socio-cultural trends in a given social context (as, for
34:, with the meaning of "a person's basic character as established early in childhood". The broader sense of lifestyle as a "way or style of living" has been documented since 1961. Lifestyle is a combination of determining intangible or tangible factors. Tangible factors relate specifically to
174:
Analysis of lifestyles as action profiles is characterized by the fact that it no longer considers the action level as a simple derivative of lifestyles, or at least as their collateral component, but rather as a constitutive element. In the beginning, this perspective focussed mainly on
141:, a lifestyle was understood as a style of personality, in the sense that the framework of guiding values and principles which individuals develop in the first years of life end up defining a system of judgement which informs their actions throughout their lives. Later, particularly in
179:, seeing products acquired as objects expressing on the material plane individuals' self-image and how they view their position in society. Subsequently, the perspective broadened to focus more generally on the level of daily life, concentrating – as in authors such as
128:
renews this approach within a more complex model in which lifestyles, made up mainly of social practices and closely tied to individual tastes, represent the basic point of intersection between the structure of the field and processes connected with the habitus.
93:
Lifestyle may include views on politics, religion, health, intimacy, and more. All of these aspects play a role in shaping someone's lifestyle. In the magazine and television industries, "lifestyle" is used to describe a category of publications or programs.
74:
that resonate with personal identity. Not all aspects of a lifestyle are voluntary. Surrounding social and technical systems can constrain the lifestyle choices available to the individual and the symbols they are able to project to others and themself.
153:'s LOV research, lifestyles' analysis developed as profiles of values, reaching the hypothesis that it is possible to identify various models of scales of values organized hierarchically, to which different population sectors correspond. Then with
49:
in which a person resides affects the set of lifestyles available to that person due to differences between various neighborhoods' degrees of affluence and proximity to natural and cultural environments. For example, in areas near the sea, a
698:
Bénédicte Châtel (Auteur), Jean-Luc Dubois (Auteur), Bernard Perret (Auteur), Justice et Paix-France (Auteur), François Maupu (Postface), Notre mode de vie est-il durable ? : Nouvel horizon de la responsabilité, Karthala Éditions,
187:– on the use of time, especially loisirs, and trying to study the interaction between the active dimension of choice and the dimension of routine and structuration which characterize that level of action. Finally, some authors, for instance
90:, the cornerstone of lifestyle construction is consumption behavior, which offers the possibility to create and further individualize the self with different products or services that signal different ways of life.
254:"Life-styles", the culture industry's recycling of style in art, represent the transformation of an aesthetic category, which once possessed a moment of negativity , into a quality of commodity consumption.
195:, suggested an approach to lifestyles in which it is not everyday actions which make up the plane of analysis but those which the actors who adopt them consider particularly meaningful and distinctive.
221:
in touch with many of them in campuses and communes, through their travels here and abroad and everywhere. One day you meet them in Boston. The next week you run into them in
Southern California.
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A healthy or unhealthy lifestyle will most likely be transmitted across generations. According to the study done by Case et al. (2002), when a 0-3-year-old child has a mother who practices a
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Shulman B. H., Mosak H. H., Manual for life style assessment, Accelerated
Development, Muncie, 1988 (trad. it. Manuale per l'analisi dello stile di vita, Franco Angeli, Milano, 2008).
38:
variables, i.e. an individual's demographic profile, whereas intangible factors concern the psychological aspects of an individual such as personal values, preferences, and outlooks.
801:
Valette-Florence P., Jolibert A., Life-styles and consumption patterns, Publications de recherche du CERAG, École supériore des affaires de
Grenoble, 1988.
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Bell D., Hollows J., Historicizing lifestyle. Mediating taste, consumption and identity from the 1900s to 1970s, Asghate, Aldershot-Burlington, 2006.
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The approach interpreting lifestyles as principally styles of thought has its roots in the soil of psychological analysis. Initially, starting with
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78:
The lines between personal identity and the everyday doings that signal a particular lifestyle become blurred in modern society. For example, "
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Ansbacher H. L., Life style. A historical and systematic review, in "Journal of individual psychology", 1967, vol. 23, n. 2, pp. 191–212.
516:
424:
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Spaargaren, G., and B. VanVliet (2000) "Lifestyle, Consumption and the
Environment: The Ecological Modernisation of Domestic Consumption",
870:
735:
Faggiano M. P., Stile di vita e partecipazione sociale giovanile. Il circolo virtuoso teoria-ricerca-teoria, Franco Angeli, Milano, 2007.
625:
Bögenhold, Dieter (2001). "Social
Inequality and the Sociology of Life Style: Material and Cultural Aspects of Social Stratification".
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Cathelat B., Socio-Styles-Système. Les "styles de vie". Théorie, méthodes, applications, Les éditions d'organisation, Parigi, 1990.
714:
Calvi G. (a cura di), Signori si cambia. Rapporto
Eurisko sull'evoluzione dei consumi e degli stili di vita, Bridge, Milano, 1993.
689:
Amaturo E., Palumbo M., Classi sociali. Stili di vita, coscienza e conflitto di classe. Problemi metodologici, Ecig, Genova, 1990.
392:
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82:" means holding beliefs and engaging in activities that consume fewer resources and produce less harmful waste (i.e. a smaller
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Earlier studies on lifestyles focus on the analysis of social structure and of the individuals' relative positions inside it.
86:), and deriving a sense of self from holding these beliefs and engaging in these activities. Some commentators argue that, in
2007:
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533:
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Walters G. D., Beyond behavior. Construction of an overarching psychological theory of lifestyles, Praeger, Westport, 2000.
451:
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Yankelovich D., Meer D., Rediscovering market segmentation, in "Harvard
Business Review", 2006, febbraio, pp. 1–10.
590:
765:
Parenti F., Pagani P. L., Lo stile di vita. Come imparare a conoscere sé stessi e gli altri, De
Agostini, Novara, 1987.
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158:
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Case, A., Lubotsky D. & Paxson C. (2002) "Economic Status and Health in
Childhood: The Origins of the Gradient",
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Valette-Florence P., Les styles de vie. Bilan critique et perspectives. Du mythe à la réalité, Nathan, Parigi, 1994.
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Fabris G., Mortara V., Le otto Italie. Dinamica e frammentazione della società italiana, Mondadori, Milano, 1986.
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Sobel M. E., Lifestyle and social structure. Concepts, definitions and analyses, Academic Press, New York, 1981.
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Veal A. J., The concept of lifestyle. A review, in "Leisure studies", 1993, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 233–252.
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Mitchell A., Consumer values. A tipology, Values and lifestyles program, SRI International, Stanford, 1978.
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Berzano L., Genova C., Lifestyles and
Subcultures. History and a New Perspective, Routledge, London, 2015.
667:
655:
304:
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Mitchell A., Life ways and life styles, Business intelligence program, SRI International, Stanford, 1973.
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Kahle L., Attitude and social adaption. A person-situation interaction approach, Pergamon, Oxford, 1984.
309:
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Soldevilla Pérez C., Estilo de vida. Hacia una teoría psicosocial de la acción, Entimema, Madrid, 1998.
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Mitchell A., The nine American lifestyles. Who we are and where we're going, Macmillan, New York, 1983.
744:
Kahle L., Social values and social change. Adaptation to life in America, Praeger, Santa Barbara, 1983.
180:
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Valette-Florence P., Les styles de vie. Fondements, méthodes et applications, Economica, Parigi, 1989.
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Gonzalez Moro V., Los estilos de vida y la cultura cotidiana. Un modelo de investigacion, Baroja, .
285:
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Wells W. (a cura di), Life-style and psycographics, American marketing association, Chicago, 1974.
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is the interests, opinions, behaviours, and behavioural orientations of an individual, group, or
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Interests, opinions, behaviours, and behavioural orientations of an individual, group, or culture
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Negre Rigol P., El ocio y las edades. Estilo de vida y oferta lúdica, Hacer, Barcelona, 1993.
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Care and Feeding of Your Brain : How Diet and Environment Affect What You Think and Feel
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Mitchell A., Ways of life, Values and lifestyles program, SRI International, Stanford, 1982.
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Calvi G. (a cura di), Indagine sociale italiana. Rapporto 1986, Franco Angeli, Milano, 1987.
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Adults may be drawn together by mutual interest that results in a lifestyle. For example,
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Lifestyle research can contribute to the question of the relevance of the class concept.
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Ramos Soler I., El estilo de vida de los mayores y la publicidad, La Caixa, Barcelona, .
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Adorno, The Culture Industry – Selected essays on mass culture, Routledge, London, 1991.
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Shields R., Lifestyle shopping. The subject of consumption, Routledge, Londra, 1992.
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A lifestyle typically reflects an individual's attitudes, way of life, values, or
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typically creates new "life-styles" to drive the consumption of new commodities:
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Rokeach M., Beliefs, attitudes and values, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1968.
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Leone S., Stili di vita. Un approccio multidimensionale, Aracne, Roma, 2005.
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Cathelat B., Les styles de vie des Français 1978–1998, Stanké, Parigi, 1977.
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Three main phases can be identified in the history of lifestyles studies:
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Cathelat B., Styles de vie, Les éditions d'organisation, pàgiri, 1985.
45:. Location is important even within an urban scope. The nature of the
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Calvi G., Valori e stili di vita degli italiani, Isedi, Milano, 1977.
71:
820:, in "Harvard Business Review", 1964, vol. 42, n. 2, pp. 83–90.
489:
Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age
417:
Consumer Behavior Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing
780:
Rokeach M., The nature of human values, Free Press, New York, 1973.
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described how pursuing a sugar-free diet led to such associations:
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Ragone G., Consumi e stili di vita in Italia, Guida, Napoli, 1985.
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A rural environment has different lifestyles compared to an urban
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is involved, but that the term "mass culture" is inappropriate:
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Vergati S., Stili di vita e gruppi sociali, Euroma, Roma, 1996.
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Adorno, Th., "Culture Industry Reconsidered," in Adorno (1991).
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359:
438:
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Ropke, I. (1999) "The Dynamics of Willingness to Consume",
66:. Therefore, a lifestyle is a means of forging a sense of
561:
Lifestyles and Subcultures. History and a New Perspective
702:
Bernstein, J. M. (1991) "Introduction," in Adorno (1991)
572:
Ponthiere G. (2011) "Mortality, Family and Lifestyles",
244:
was introduced in the 1950s as a derivative of that of
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noted that there is a "culture industry" in which the
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26:. The term was introduced by Austrian psychologist
509:Communicating Sustainability for the Green Economy
844:George Vrousgos, N.D. – Southern Cross University
768:Patterson M. Consumption and Everyday Life, 2006
444:"lifestyle | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"
729:Chaney D., Lifestyles, Routledge, Londra, 1996.
290:
271:
252:
218:
864:
8:
119:believe they enjoy or to which they aspire.
627:American Journal of Economics and Sociology
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1100:
1089:
887:
871:
857:
849:
546:Giuffrâe, K., & DiGeronimo, T. (1999)
382:
574:Journal of Family and Economic Issues
7:
563:, Routledge, London, 2015 (Part I).
54:or lifestyle can often be present.
14:
816:Yankelovich D., New criteria for
507:; Gurel-Atay, Eda, eds. (2014).
454:from the original on 2021-12-20
133:Lifestyles as styles of thought
170:Lifestyles as styles of action
106:Lifestyles and social position
1:
3367:Traditional African religions
98:History of lifestyles studies
591:The American Economic Review
415:; Angeline G. Close (2011).
401:Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
2695:Food and drink prohibitions
3828:
2970:
2959:
1583:Cross-cultural psychology
1401:Manipulation (psychology)
1099:
1088:
897:
886:
511:. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
3807:Sociological terminology
1933:Mass psychogenic illness
1784:Collective effervescence
1225:Self-fulfilling prophecy
911:Collective consciousness
32:The Case of Miss R.
3273:Eastern Orthodox Church
1814:Culture-bound syndromes
1789:Collective intelligence
639:10.1111/1536-7150.00125
559:Berzano L., Genova C.,
419:. New York: Routledge.
70:and to create cultural
3714:Social constructionism
3372:Unitarian Universalism
2176:Observational learning
1904:In-group and out-group
1844:False consensus effect
1523:Suppression of dissent
1421:Moral entrepreneurship
1391:Ideological repression
1379:Historical revisionism
915:Collective unconscious
473:Environmental Politics
295:
276:
256:
223:
3263:Chinese folk religion
1963:Political correctness
1958:Pluralistic ignorance
1647:Identity (philosophy)
1473:Religious persecution
1456:Psychological warfare
1436:Political engineering
1287:Argumentum ad populum
1145:Collective narcissism
1123:Attitude polarization
310:Alternative lifestyle
149:'s VALS research and
3627:Naturalism (Western)
3622:Naturalism (Chinese)
3534:Renaissance humanism
2090:Conceptual framework
2055:System justification
1894:Hysterical contagion
1478:Religious uniformity
1461:Religious conversion
1317:Cognitive dissonance
1215:Selective perception
1066:Theory of everything
1036:Primal world beliefs
1021:Philosophical theory
708:Burkle, F. M. (2004)
534:Ecological Economics
84:ecological footprint
3040:Christian democracy
2003:Social facilitation
1899:Information cascade
1834:Emotional contagion
1772:Collective behavior
1734:Symbolic boundaries
1588:Cultural psychology
1332:Cultural dissonance
1205:Observer-expectancy
1200:Observational error
1185:In-group favoritism
930:Conventional wisdom
818:market segmentation
487:Giddens, A. (1991)
286:advanced capitalism
58:Individual identity
3797:Philosophy of life
3738:Post-structuralism
2492:natural philosophy
1874:Group polarization
1859:Group cohesiveness
1508:Social engineering
1406:Media manipulation
1327:Crowd manipulation
1312:Circular reporting
1230:Clever Hans effect
1210:Selective exposure
448:www.etymonline.com
395:2016-03-04 at the
345:Sustainable living
315:Intentional living
177:consumer behaviour
155:Daniel Yankelovich
30:in his 1929 book,
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3748:Transcendentalism
3704:Neo-scholasticism
3685:Neopythagoreanism
3135:Industrialisation
3075:Constitutionalism
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2773:political freedom
2290:mind–body problem
2083:tacit assumptions
2035:Spontaneous order
2025:Social psychology
1978:Self-organization
1322:Critical thinking
1084:
1083:
1051:School of thought
940:Cultural movement
920:Conceptual system
835:Lifestyle Choices
654:Bernstein (1991)
518:978-0-7656-3680-5
426:978-0-415-87358-1
261:Theodor W. Adorno
205:healthy lifestyle
181:Joffre Dumazedier
3819:
3812:1920s neologisms
3436:New Confucianism
3310:Korean shamanism
3280:Ethnic religions
3210:Social democracy
3085:Environmentalism
3065:Communitarianism
3030:Authoritarianism
2972:
2961:
2591:Codes of conduct
2242:World disclosure
2230:consensus theory
1998:Social exclusion
1804:Crowd psychology
1799:Consensus theory
1762:Bandwagon effect
1699:Rites of passage
1513:Social influence
1446:Propaganda model
1411:Media regulation
1240:wishful thinking
1190:Magical thinking
1101:
1090:
953:World folk-epics
888:
873:
866:
859:
850:
670:
664:
658:
652:
643:
642:
622:
616:
604:
598:
586:
580:
570:
564:
557:
551:
544:
538:
529:
523:
522:
501:
495:
485:
479:
469:
463:
462:
460:
459:
440:
431:
430:
409:
403:
387:
164:Bernard Cathelat
112:Thorstein Veblen
3827:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3762:
3593:Megarian school
3544:Illuminationism
3520:New historicism
3496:Foundationalism
3481:Eretrian school
3441:Critical theory
3402:Aristotelianism
3397:Agriculturalism
3387:
3381:
3315:Modern paganism
3229:
3140:Intellectualism
3014:
3008:
2966:
2947:
2795:Meaning of life
2700:unclean animals
2557:Aesthetic taste
2543:
2499:Problem of evil
2441:National mythoi
2246:
2064:
2060:Viral phenomena
2050:Swarm behaviour
1993:Social emotions
1988:Social behavior
1968:Pseudoconsensus
1919:Majoritarianism
1819:Deindividuation
1757:Abilene paradox
1743:
1679:Myth and ritual
1537:
1518:Social progress
1493:Self-censorship
1369:Excommunication
1292:Attitude change
1269:
1263:
1095:
1080:
1031:Presuppositions
893:
882:
877:
831:
826:
679:
674:
673:
665:
661:
653:
646:
624:
623:
619:
605:
601:
587:
583:
571:
567:
558:
554:
550:, Career Press.
545:
541:
530:
526:
519:
503:
502:
498:
486:
482:
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466:
457:
455:
442:
441:
434:
427:
411:
410:
406:
397:Wayback Machine
388:
384:
379:
374:
369:
325:Lifestyle brand
300:
274:of popular art.
238:
230:
201:
189:Richard Jenkins
185:Anthony Giddens
172:
147:Arnold Mitchell
135:
126:Pierre Bourdieu
108:
100:
80:green lifestyle
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3825:
3823:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3753:Utilitarianism
3750:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:Pythagoreanism
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Neo-Kantianism
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3522:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3486:Existentialism
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3377:Zoroastrianism
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
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3287:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:Utilitarianism
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:Libertarianism
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:Green politics
3117:
3112:
3110:Fundamentalism
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
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3037:
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3019:
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3009:
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3006:
3001:
2996:
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2986:
2980:
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2968:
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2964:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2926:
2924:Unspoken rules
2921:
2916:
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2901:
2896:
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2871:
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2598:
2593:
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2277:
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2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
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2244:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Meta-knowledge
2158:
2153:
2151:Meaning-making
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Milieu control
1935:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1909:Invisible hand
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Group dynamics
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
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1821:
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1811:
1806:
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1608:
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1565:
1564:
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1558:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Social control
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Polite fiction
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Indoctrination
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1344:
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1324:
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1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1235:placebo effect
1232:
1222:
1220:Self-deception
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Social reality
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:Reality tunnel
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
955:
949:National epics
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
908:
898:
895:
894:
891:
884:
883:
878:
876:
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868:
861:
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847:
846:
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830:
829:External links
827:
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659:
644:
633:(4): 829–847.
617:
599:
597:(5): 1308–1334
581:
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552:
539:
524:
517:
505:Kahle, Lynn R.
496:
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381:
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330:Lifestyle guru
327:
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278:
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258:
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143:Milton Rokeach
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107:
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59:
56:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3824:
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3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
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3793:
3792:Personal life
3790:
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3784:
3782:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:Structuralism
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:Scholasticism
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Phenomenology
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Postmodernism
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Individualism
3552:
3550:
3549:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
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3384:
3378:
3375:
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3370:
3368:
3365:
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3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
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3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
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3269:
3266:
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3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
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3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:Republicanism
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Progressivism
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Individualism
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
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3078:
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3073:
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3028:
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3023:
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3018:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
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2990:
2987:
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2927:
2925:
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2917:
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2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Social stigma
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
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2806:
2803:
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2801:
2798:
2796:
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2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:jurisprudence
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
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2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
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2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Family values
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Entertainment
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
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2634:
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2629:
2627:
2624:
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2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
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2592:
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2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2539:Unobservables
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
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2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
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2451:philosophical
2449:
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2439:
2435:
2432:
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2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
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2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
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2315:
2314:Creation myth
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2308:
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2298:
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2286:
2285:Consciousness
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2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Social action
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Peer pressure
1951:
1949:
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1941:
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1936:
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1929:
1926:
1924:
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1905:
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1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Herd behavior
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Group emotion
1867:
1865:
1862:
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1746:
1740:
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1721:
1720:Social status
1717:
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1700:
1697:
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1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:Woozle effect
1531:
1529:
1528:Systemic bias
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Social change
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
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1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Fearmongering
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Deprogramming
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
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1318:
1315:
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1310:
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1201:
1198:
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1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Filter bubble
1173:
1171:
1170:Ethnocentrism
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
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1047:
1044:
1042:
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1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:Point of view
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Metanarrative
999:
997:
994:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
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968:
965:
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946:
943:
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936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
912:
909:
907:
903:
902:Basic beliefs
900:
899:
896:
892:Related terms
889:
885:
881:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
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851:
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842:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
822:
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791:
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782:
779:
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688:
685:
682:
681:
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669:
663:
660:
657:
651:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
618:
614:
613:
608:
607:William Dufty
603:
600:
596:
593:
592:
585:
582:
578:
575:
569:
566:
562:
556:
553:
549:
543:
540:
536:
535:
528:
525:
520:
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500:
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494:
491:, Cambridge:
490:
484:
481:
477:
474:
468:
465:
453:
449:
445:
439:
437:
433:
428:
422:
418:
414:
413:Lynn R. Kahle
408:
405:
402:
398:
394:
391:
386:
383:
376:
371:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
355:Style of life
353:
351:
350:Simple living
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Personal life
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
297:
294:
289:
287:
283:
282:media culture
275:
270:
269:
268:
266:
262:
255:
251:
250:
249:
247:
243:
236:Media culture
235:
233:
227:
222:
217:
216:
215:
213:
212:William Dufty
208:
206:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
167:
165:
162:instance, in
160:
159:William Wells
156:
152:
151:Lynn R. Kahle
148:
144:
140:
132:
130:
127:
122:
117:
113:
105:
103:
97:
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91:
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81:
76:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3695:Reductionism
3671:Pre-Socratic
3651:Neoplatonism
3511:Hermeneutics
3476:Epicureanism
3432:Confucianism
3427:Collectivism
3417:Cartesianism
3268:Christianity
3080:Distributism
3070:Conservatism
3045:Collectivism
3013:Economic and
2938:Works of art
2894:Sublime, The
2785:Magnificence
2736:Human rights
2463:Origin myths
2409:Intelligence
2389:Idios kosmos
2124:Explanations
2095:Epistemology
2020:Social proof
2015:Social group
1973:Scapegoating
1854:Group action
1849:Folie à deux
1839:Entitativity
1716:Social class
1659:Institutions
1551:Anthropology
1416:Missionaries
1342:Echo chamber
1297:Brainwashing
1252:Stereotyping
1160:Cryptomnesia
1150:Confirmation
1076:Value system
996:Mental model
981:
662:
630:
626:
620:
610:
602:
594:
589:
584:
579:(2): 175–190
576:
573:
568:
560:
555:
547:
542:
537:28: 399–420.
532:
527:
508:
499:
493:Polity Press
488:
483:
475:
472:
467:
456:. Retrieved
447:
416:
407:
385:
365:Anthropology
305:Aeromobility
291:
279:
272:
259:
253:
246:style in art
241:
239:
231:
219:
209:
202:
173:
139:Alfred Adler
136:
121:Georg Simmel
109:
101:
92:
77:
61:
52:surf culture
47:neighborhood
40:
31:
28:Alfred Adler
19:
18:
3802:Subcultures
3709:Sentientism
3690:Rationalism
3637:Peripatetic
3617:Natural law
3588:Materialism
3516:Historicism
3506:Hegelianism
3456:Determinism
3333:Agnosticism
3205:Sentientism
3175:Nationalism
3125:Imperialism
3055:Communalism
3050:Colonialism
3004:Weltschmerz
2984:Misanthropy
2884:Stewardship
2812:Obligations
2716:Culpability
2707:Golden Rule
2601:Common good
2519:Supernature
2475:Otherworlds
2434:comparative
2404:Information
2399:Incarnation
2336:Eschatology
2270:Anima mundi
2252:Metaphysics
2171:Observation
2166:Methodology
1948:Moral panic
1928:Mass action
1824:Doublethink
1767:Collectives
1689:Pilgrimages
1578:Coronations
1483:Revolutions
1451:Proselytism
1384:negationism
1270:maintenance
1118:Attentional
977:Life stance
945:Epic poetry
935:Conventions
612:Sugar Blues
478:(1): 50–75.
320:Life stance
36:demographic
3781:Categories
3676:Pyrrhonism
3666:Pragmatism
3661:Positivism
3564:Kantianism
3471:Empiricism
3389:philosophy
3386:Schools of
3329:Irreligion
3325:Secularity
3258:Cheondoism
3190:Radicalism
3170:Monarchism
3165:Militarism
3150:Liberalism
3095:Fanaticism
3035:Capitalism
3017:ideologies
3015:political
2943:Wrongdoing
2847:Repentance
2837:Punishment
2832:Principles
2827:Praxeology
2616:Creativity
2606:Conscience
2567:Almsgiving
2480:axes mundi
2364:Nonfiction
2341:Everything
2203:Revelation
2191:fallacious
2181:Perception
2117:scientific
2040:Status quo
1879:Groupshift
1794:Conformity
1749:Groupthink
1664:Liminality
1598:Employment
1573:Ceremonies
1441:Propaganda
1426:Persuasion
1302:Censorship
1268:Change and
1247:Status quo
1155:Congruence
615:, page 204
458:2021-12-20
372:References
265:mass media
193:A. J. Veal
64:world view
43:metropolis
3787:Lifestyle
3724:Spinozism
3656:Pluralism
3647:Platonism
3598:Modernism
3583:Logicians
3451:Cyrenaics
3412:Averroism
3352:Spiritism
3320:Rastafari
3235:Religions
3215:Socialism
3195:Reformism
3160:Masculism
3115:Globalism
3090:Extremism
3060:Communism
3025:Anarchism
2999:Reclusion
2994:Pessimism
2976:Attitudes
2899:Suffering
2862:Sexuality
2852:Reverence
2842:Qualities
2761:religious
2741:Judgement
2721:Happiness
2685:Étiquette
2675:Eroticism
2663:Aesthetic
2646:religious
2641:emotional
2631:Economics
2562:Aesthetic
2524:Teleology
2468:political
2429:Mythology
2394:Illusions
2369:Free will
2355:Existence
2350:Evolution
2324:existence
2307:religious
2302:Cosmology
2297:Cosmogony
2275:Causality
2265:Afterlife
2213:Tradition
2208:Testimony
2186:Reasoning
2146:Intuition
2112:anecdotal
2070:Knowledge
2045:Stigmergy
2030:Sociology
1829:Emergence
1568:Calendars
1364:Euphemism
1352:religious
1347:Education
1180:Homophily
1133:Cognitive
982:Lifestyle
880:Worldview
390:Lifestyle
242:lifestyle
240:The term
145:'s work,
116:Max Weber
88:modernity
20:Lifestyle
3729:Stoicism
3632:Nihilism
3578:Legalism
3573:Kokugaku
3539:Idealism
3530:Humanism
3501:Hedonism
3491:Fatalism
3466:Eleatics
3446:Cynicism
3362:Tenrikyo
3285:Hinduism
3253:Caodaism
3248:Buddhism
3225:Veganism
3180:Pacifism
3145:Islamism
3105:Feminism
2989:Optimism
2965:Examples
2914:Theodicy
2904:Sympathy
2800:Morality
2658:Emotions
2653:Elegance
2581:Autonomy
2576:Altruism
2529:Theology
2458:Ontology
2424:Miracles
2280:Concepts
2260:Ætiology
2235:criteria
2218:folklore
2107:Evidence
1923:Mob rule
1914:Lynching
1674:Marriage
1652:cultural
1630:Holidays
1616:Funerals
1611:Families
1593:Doctrine
1556:cultural
1488:Rhetoric
1307:Charisma
1282:Argument
1277:Activism
1165:Cultural
1113:Academic
1046:Schemata
1016:Paradigm
991:Memeplex
972:Ideology
962:factoids
666:Adorno
452:Archived
393:Archived
298:See also
3758:Yangism
3743:Thomism
3719:Sophism
3461:Dualism
3422:Cārvāka
3407:Atomism
3347:Sikhism
3337:Atheism
3305:Judaism
3300:Jainism
3290:Hòa Hảo
3100:Fascism
2929:Virtues
2768:Liberty
2746:Justice
2726:Harmony
2636:Ecstasy
2621:Disgust
2611:Consent
2571:Charity
2504:Reality
2487:Physics
2379:History
2360:Fiction
2345:Nothing
2331:Destiny
2319:Deities
2134:fideism
2100:outline
1943:Mobbing
1739:Worship
1729:Symbols
1711:Rituals
1704:secular
1669:Liturgy
1635:Hygiene
1606:Slavery
1602:Serfdom
1543:Culture
1094:Aspects
1006:Mindset
967:Framing
925:Context
906:Beliefs
677:Sources
609:(1975)
72:symbols
24:culture
3612:Monism
3607:Mohism
3559:Ionian
3525:Holism
3357:Taoism
3342:Shinto
3243:Baháʼí
2889:Styles
2867:ethics
2857:Rights
2805:public
2790:Maxims
2731:Honour
2680:Ethics
2596:Comedy
2586:Beauty
2514:Spirit
2446:Nature
2419:Matter
2374:Future
2156:Memory
2141:Gnosis
2078:Axioms
2008:animal
1889:Holism
1777:animal
1640:ritual
1620:Burial
1561:social
1466:forced
1357:values
1257:ethnic
1128:Belief
1105:Biases
1071:Umwelt
839:Curlie
515:
423:
199:Health
3295:Islam
2933:Vices
2919:Trust
2909:Taboo
2822:Piety
2817:Peace
2712:Guilt
2549:Value
2509:Souls
2414:Magic
2384:Ideas
2225:Truth
2196:logic
2129:Faith
1809:Cults
1724:Caste
1684:Oaths
1625:Games
1195:Media
1011:Norms
987:Memes
958:Facts
399:from
377:Notes
335:Otium
228:Class
2931:and
2780:Love
2626:Duty
2534:Time
1694:Play
1138:list
960:and
699:2005
668:p.98
656:p.23
513:ISBN
421:ISBN
280:The
191:and
183:and
157:and
68:self
2874:Sin
2751:Law
1056:Set
837:at
635:doi
360:Tao
284:of
3783::
3736:/
3702:/
3683:/
3649:/
3600:/
3566:/
3532:/
3518:/
3434:/
3335:/
3331:/
3327:/
2714:/
2569:/
2362:/
2343:/
1921:/
1722:/
1718:/
1618:/
1604:/
1600:/
989:/
951:/
947:/
913:/
904:/
647:^
631:60
629:.
595:92
577:32
450:.
446:.
435:^
248::
872:e
865:t
858:v
641:.
637::
521:.
476:9
461:.
429:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.