484:
454:
496:
418:
437:
401:
54:
369:
385:
31:
472:
789:
Lill, J.T., Marquis, R.J., Forkner, R.E., Le Corff, J., Holmberg, N., & Barber, N.A. (2006). "Leaf pubescent affects distribution and abundance of generalist slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)."
347:
skeletonise the leaf (avoiding small veins and eating mostly one surface), but later instars eat the whole leaf, usually from the underside. Many species seem to feed on several genera of host plants.
453:
705:
2874:
310:, they have suckers. The thoracic legs are reduced, but always present, and they move by rolling waves rather than walking with individual prolegs. They even use a
400:
483:
2913:
756:
Epstein, M.E. (1996). "Revision and phylogeny of the limacodid-group families, with evolutionary studies on slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)."
495:
368:
417:
2848:
518:
are flattened and thin. They are highly transparent and the larva can be seen developing inside. They may be laid singly or in clusters on leaves.
298:. Cocoons have a circular escape hatch, formed from a line of weakness in the silk matrix. It is forced open just prior to emergence of the adult.
2887:
384:
843:
325:
butterflies, but those caterpillars have prolegs, are always longer than they are wide, and are always densely covered in short or long
778:
742:
682:
811:
436:
2660:
2892:
697:
2900:
2757:
2724:
2655:
351:
53:
329:(hair-like bristles). The head is extended during feeding in the lycaenids, but remains covered in the Limacodidae.
2918:
2827:
2840:
836:
295:
258:
They are small, hairy moths, with reduced or absent mouthparts and fringed wings. They often perch with their
245:, but occur worldwide, with about 1800 described species and probably many more as yet undescribed species.
163:
147:
2959:
2677:
540:
427:
391:
333:
266:
and wings. North
American moths are mostly cryptic browns, sometimes marked with white or green, but the
2232:
614:
528:
444:
2762:
2954:
2796:
1102:
1094:
1085:
829:
2248:
2023:
2015:
578:
569:
471:
546:
648:(2008). "On the triple usage of the family name Apodidae in zoology (Aves; Crustacea; Insecta)".
605:
461:
359:
172:
48:
2926:
2783:
1593:
816:
774:
738:
678:
2879:
2715:
2931:
2574:
2065:
1624:
623:
587:
2739:
645:
186:
2143:
1819:
1696:
1572:
1564:
1530:
1504:
1496:
1163:
1134:
1128:
1119:
930:
924:
912:
337:
291:
138:
40:
340:
and may have bright warning colours. The sting can be quite potent, causing severe pain.
2835:
2822:
2364:
2151:
1829:
1754:
1720:
1678:
1603:
1588:
1231:
2948:
2592:
2517:
2425:
2372:
2351:
2343:
2214:
2094:
2086:
1806:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1452:
1444:
1431:
1423:
1394:
1355:
1223:
1168:
1155:
1146:
1071:
1063:
1054:
1016:
1010:
998:
534:
515:
241:
The larvae are often liberally covered in protective stinging hairs, and are mostly
2729:
2611:
2579:
2561:
2509:
2441:
2401:
2201:
2193:
2159:
2044:
2036:
1857:
1847:
1834:
1788:
1780:
1767:
1759:
1746:
1704:
1665:
1655:
1632:
1611:
1580:
1543:
1535:
1522:
1402:
1350:
896:
156:
2788:
2905:
2861:
2709:
2569:
2527:
2451:
2446:
2417:
2385:
2280:
2221:
2057:
1981:
1973:
1960:
1952:
1923:
1798:
1712:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1619:
1410:
1345:
1273:
1252:
1244:
1194:
973:
967:
955:
853:
596:
551:
375:
223:
211:
142:
115:
105:
30:
2635:
2543:
2535:
2488:
2472:
2459:
2433:
2409:
2393:
2314:
2301:
2293:
2272:
2264:
2180:
2172:
2115:
2107:
2073:
1931:
1865:
1852:
1824:
1811:
1733:
1360:
1302:
1207:
821:
407:
322:
2809:
2587:
2493:
2330:
2322:
2240:
1915:
1902:
1886:
1738:
1728:
1514:
1381:
1373:
1329:
1215:
884:
872:
555:
355:
311:
215:
85:
65:
2700:
2770:
2749:
2694:
2480:
2256:
2002:
1994:
1939:
1894:
1551:
1469:
1337:
1202:
1185:
1038:
890:
267:
242:
350:
Limacodidae larvae in temperate forests of eastern North
America prefer
2501:
2133:
2125:
1842:
259:
2866:
2775:
2551:
878:
866:
344:
307:
283:
263:
95:
75:
2853:
2671:
2814:
502:
326:
321:
Larvae might be confused with the similarly flattened larvae of
315:
287:
235:
227:
207:
2675:
1035:
995:
952:
909:
825:
271:
2801:
2275:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
411:
larva, showing bright colours and presumably stinging setae
2496:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
332:
Many limacodid larvae are green and fairly smooth (e.g.
306:
The larvae are typically very flattened, and instead of
2483:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
218:; the placement is in dispute. They are often called
2684:
2604:
2560:
2526:
2471:
2384:
2363:
2342:
2313:
2292:
2213:
2192:
2171:
2142:
2124:
2106:
2085:
2056:
2035:
2014:
1993:
1972:
1951:
1914:
1885:
1797:
1779:
1664:
1602:
1563:
1513:
1495:
1468:
1443:
1422:
1393:
1372:
1328:
1301:
1272:
1243:
1193:
1184:
1154:
1145:
1127:
1118:
1093:
1084:
1062:
1053:
1009:
966:
923:
1934:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
576:Ochre-winged hag moth or yellow-shouldered slug (
698:"New Species of Yellow Slug Moth Found in China"
343:The larval head is concealed under folds. First-
675:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity.
837:
771:Insects: Their natural history and diversity.
692:
690:
8:
378:, showing the slimy pad in place of prolegs
2672:
2283:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
1492:
1488:
1325:
1298:
1190:
1151:
1124:
1090:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1032:
1006:
992:
963:
949:
920:
906:
844:
830:
822:
813:Brisbane Limacodids, with photo of cocoon.
29:
20:
752:
750:
704:. Advantage Business Media. 4 June 2013.
2462:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
729:
727:
725:
723:
669:
667:
665:
663:
2259:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
637:
364:
2375:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
735:Caterpillars of Eastern North America.
362:leaves interfere with their movement.
758:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology.
7:
2841:da9fa31f-552a-49ea-ac05-d54deaf402a4
1897:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
1814:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
336:), but others have tubercles with
14:
1218:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
708:from the original on 3 March 2016
489:Limacodid (slug moth) caterpillar
494:
482:
470:
452:
435:
416:
399:
383:
367:
52:
1234:(African primitive ghost moths)
354:leaves, presumably because the
262:sticking out at 90° from their
226:bear a distinct resemblance to
1538:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
794:35(3): 797–806. ISSN 0046-225X
234:because of the shape of their
1:
2436:(Kentish glory and relatives)
1255:(New Zealand primitive moths)
146:For full list of genera, see
2582:(oriental swallowtail moths)
1860:(planthopper parasite moths)
737:Princeton University Press.
459:Stinging rose caterpillars (
394:, showing typical body shape
2656:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
2243:(American moth-butterflies)
2204:(Old World butterfly-moths)
2183:(picture-winged leaf moths)
933:(mandibulate archaic moths)
2976:
2154:(tropical fruitworm moths)
1691:(case-bearers, case moths)
1455:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
1210:(swift moths, ghost moths)
2651:
2632:
2404:(American silkworm moths)
2235:(swallowtail butterflies)
1905:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
1614:(false diamondback moths)
1525:(burrowing webworm moths)
1491:
1049:
1045:
1031:
1005:
991:
962:
948:
919:
905:
861:
677:Oxford University Press.
650:Senckenbergiana Biologica
567:Hag moth or monkey slug (
178:
171:
162:
155:
136:
131:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
2396:(Australian lappet moth)
1405:(pigmy, or midget moths)
792:Environmental Entomology
621:Saddleback caterpillar (
230:. They are also called
1226:(miniature ghost moths)
769:Marshall, S.A. (2006).
760:No. 582. ISSN 0081-0282
501:Slug moth caterpillar,
148:Taxonomy of Limacodidae
2605:Superfamily unassigned
2026:(bristle-legged moths)
1575:(ribbed cocoon makers)
1384:(Andean endemic moths)
1340:(fairy longhorn moths)
550:) have caused serious
428:saddleback caterpillar
392:yellow-shouldered slug
334:yellow-shouldered slug
314:, a kind of liquefied
2512:(prominents, kittens)
2047:(fringe-tufted moths)
1103:Acanthopteroctetidae
1095:Acanthopteroctetoidea
733:Wagner, D.L. (2005).
673:Scoble, M.J. (1992).
522:Ecological importance
2836:Fauna Europaea (new)
2024:Schreckensteiniidae
2016:Schreckensteinioidea
2005:(false burnet moths)
1876:(slug, or cup moths)
1434:(Gondwanaland moths)
1413:(white eyecap moths)
1171:(archaic bell moths)
702:Scientific Computing
612:Nettle caterpillar (
541:Penthocrates meyrick
290:and hardens it with
2354:(sack bearer moths)
2076:(false plume moths)
2068:(many-plumed moths)
1926:(little bear moths)
1868:(slug caterpillars)
1723:(long-horned moths)
1707:(grass-miner moths)
1105:(archaic sun moths)
579:Lithacodes fasciola
570:Phobetron pithecium
210:in the superfamily
615:Latoia viridissima
606:Prolimacodes badia
529:Latoia viridissima
526:Limacodidae (e.g.
462:Parasa indetermina
296:Malpighian tubules
294:excreted from its
286:constructs a silk
2942:
2941:
2927:Open Tree of Life
2678:Taxon identifiers
2669:
2668:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2596:
2583:
2547:
2539:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2484:
2463:
2455:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2376:
2355:
2334:
2326:
2305:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2226:
2205:
2184:
2163:
2162:(fruitworm moths)
2155:
2098:
2077:
2069:
2048:
2027:
2006:
1985:
1964:
1963:(metalmark moths)
1943:
1942:(clearwing moths)
1935:
1927:
1906:
1898:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1838:
1815:
1771:
1763:
1750:
1749:(concealer moths)
1742:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1651:
1628:
1625:Glyphipterigidae
1615:
1594:Roeslerstammiidae
1584:
1576:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1526:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1435:
1414:
1406:
1385:
1364:
1341:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1141:
1140:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1080:
1079:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1011:Heterobathmioidea
987:
986:
983:
982:
977:
944:
943:
940:
939:
934:
445:Parasa pastoralis
196:
195:
190:
164:About 400 genera,
2967:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2906:NBNSYS0000160314
2896:
2895:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2673:
2595:(geometer moths)
2594:
2581:
2575:Pseudobistonidae
2545:
2537:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2482:
2461:
2453:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2374:
2353:
2332:
2324:
2303:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2225:
2218:
2203:
2182:
2161:
2153:
2096:
2075:
2067:
2046:
2025:
2004:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1904:
1896:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1836:
1813:
1769:
1761:
1748:
1740:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1697:Cosmopterigidae
1690:
1649:
1626:
1613:
1582:
1574:
1573:Bucculatricidae
1553:
1545:
1537:
1524:
1493:
1489:
1454:
1433:
1412:
1404:
1383:
1362:
1339:
1326:
1299:
1254:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1191:
1170:
1152:
1125:
1104:
1091:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1033:
1017:Heterobathmiidae
1007:
993:
975:
964:
950:
932:
931:Micropterigidae
925:Micropterigoidea
921:
907:
846:
839:
832:
823:
795:
787:
781:
767:
761:
754:
745:
731:
718:
717:
715:
713:
694:
685:
671:
658:
657:
642:
624:Acharia stimulea
588:Euclea delphinii
585:Spiny oak slug (
498:
486:
474:
456:
439:
420:
403:
387:
371:
338:urticating hairs
206:are a family of
185:
57:
56:
33:
21:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2680:
2670:
2665:
2661:Lists by region
2639:
2638:is not a clade.
2634:Note: division
2616:
2600:
2556:
2522:
2467:
2428:(Dryandra moth)
2420:(Brahmin moths)
2380:
2359:
2338:
2309:
2288:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2188:
2167:
2152:Copromorphidae
2144:Copromorphoidea
2138:
2120:
2102:
2081:
2052:
2031:
2010:
1989:
1984:(tortrix moths)
1968:
1947:
1910:
1881:
1837:(flannel moths)
1820:Himantopteridae
1793:
1775:
1721:Lecithoceridae
1715:(twirler moths)
1660:
1598:
1583:(Douglas moths)
1565:Gracillarioidea
1559:
1546:(bagworm moths)
1531:Arrhenophanidae
1509:
1497:Simaethistoidea
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1439:
1418:
1389:
1368:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1253:Mnesarchaeidae
1245:Mnesarchaeoidea
1239:
1232:Prototheoridae
1176:
1164:Aenigmatineidae
1137:
1129:Lophocoronoidea
1110:
1076:
1041:
1019:
1001:
999:Heterobathmiina
979:
974:Agathiphagidae
968:Agathiphagoidea
958:
936:
915:
901:
857:
850:
818:Moths of Borneo
804:
799:
798:
788:
784:
773:Firefly Books.
768:
764:
755:
748:
732:
721:
711:
709:
696:
695:
688:
672:
661:
644:
643:
639:
634:
564:
562:Notable species
524:
513:
506:
499:
490:
487:
478:
477:Limacodid larva
475:
466:
457:
448:
440:
431:
424:Sibine stimulea
421:
412:
404:
395:
388:
379:
374:Underside of a
372:
304:
292:calcium oxalate
280:
256:
251:
165:
145:
141:
139:Chrysopolominae
51:
41:Apoda limacodes
17:
16:Family of moths
12:
11:
5:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2884:
2871:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2823:Fauna Europaea
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2721:
2706:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:Lasiocampidae
2369:
2367:
2365:Lasiocampoidea
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2108:Whalleyanoidea
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:Pterophoridae
2091:
2089:
2087:Pterophoroidea
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2612:Millieriidae
2593:Geometridae
2562:Geometroidea
2546:(gold moths)
2504:(tuft moths)
2454:(saturniids)
2452:Saturniidae
2442:Eupterotidae
2426:Carthaeidae
2418:Brahmaeidae
2412:(silk moths)
2333:(grass moth)
2304:(teak moths)
2281:Nymphalidae
2267:(metalmarks)
2249:Hesperiidae
1982:Tortricidae
1974:Tortricoidea
1961:Choreutidae
1953:Choreutoidea
1924:Brachodidae
1874:Limacodidae
1873:
1848:Anomoeotidae
1789:Galacticidae
1713:Gelechiidae
1666:Gelechioidea
1656:Ypsolophidae
1633:Heliodinidae
1411:Opostegidae
1351:Heliozelidae
1203:Anomosetidae
1147:Neopseustina
897:Holometabola
895:Superorder:
889:Infraclass:
791:
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710:. Retrieved
701:
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603:Skiff moth (
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547:Aarodia nana
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302:Caterpillars
281:
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224:caterpillars
219:
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199:
197:
166:1800 species
137:
132:Subfamilies
125:
39:
24:Limacodidae
18:
2955:Limacodidae
2862:iNaturalist
2740:Limacodidae
2730:Limacodidae
2716:Limacodidae
2710:Wikispecies
2686:Limacodidae
2570:Sematuridae
2544:Cimeliidae
2538:(hook-tips)
2536:Drepanidae
2528:Drepanoidea
2460:Sphingidae
2447:Phiditiidae
2434:Endromidae
2410:Bombycidae
2394:Anthelidae
2386:Bombycoidea
2302:Hyblaeidae
2294:Hyblaeoidea
2273:Lycaenidae
2265:Riodinidae
2222:butterflies
2181:Thyrididae
2173:Thyridoidea
2074:Tineodidae
2066:Alucitidae
2058:Alucitoidea
1932:Castniidae
1866:Dalceridae
1812:Zygaenidae
1799:Zygaenoidea
1643:Plutellidae
1638:Lyonetiidae
1620:Bedelliidae
1361:Prodoxidae
1346:Cecidosidae
1208:Hepialidae
1195:Hepialoidea
913:Zeugloptera
854:Lepidoptera
656:(1): 49–52.
646:Paclt, Jiří
597:Isa textula
552:defoliation
376:monkey slug
318:, to move.
249:Description
212:Zygaenoidea
200:Limacodidae
143:Limacodinae
126:Limacodidae
116:Zygaenoidea
106:Lepidoptera
2949:Categories
2636:Monotrysia
2494:Noctuidae
2489:Euteliidae
2473:Noctuoidea
2331:Crambidae
2323:Pyralidae
2315:Pyraloidea
2251:(skippers)
2241:Hedylidae
1825:Lacturidae
1739:Momphidae
1544:Psychidae
1055:Dacnonypha
883:Subclass:
873:Arthropoda
632:References
408:Doratifera
282:The final
220:slug moths
86:Arthropoda
2588:Uraniidae
2481:Erebidae
2257:Pieridae
2003:Urodidae
1995:Urodoidea
1940:Sesiidae
1916:Sesioidea
1895:Cossidae
1887:Cossoidea
1729:Lypusidae
1552:Tineidae
1515:Tineoidea
1338:Adelidae
1330:Adeloidea
1037:Suborder
997:Suborder
956:Aglossata
954:Suborder
911:Suborder
885:Pterygota
865:Kingdom:
442:Larva of
360:pubescent
356:trichomes
312:lubricant
232:cup moths
216:Cossoidea
204:Eucleidae
184:Apodidae
157:Diversity
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
2771:BugGuide
2747:BioLib:
2737:BAMONA:
2695:Wikidata
2502:Nolidae
2126:Immoidea
1186:Exoporia
1039:Glossata
891:Neoptera
871:Phylum:
867:Animalia
856:families
706:Archived
505:, Borneo
352:glabrous
323:lycaenid
268:hag moth
264:thoraces
260:abdomens
243:tropical
181:Euclidae
173:Synonyms
122:Family:
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
2134:Immidae
1843:Aididae
879:Insecta
877:Class:
852:Extant
430:) larva
345:instars
308:prolegs
270:mimics
236:cocoons
214:or the
102:Order:
96:Insecta
92:Class:
2932:332972
2919:115353
2893:117602
2880:109878
2815:1LIMCF
2701:Q28912
2552:Doidae
777:
741:
712:5 June
681:
288:cocoon
284:instar
189:, 1947
2875:IRMNG
2867:84165
2750:17338
556:palms
503:Sabah
327:setae
278:Pupae
254:Moths
228:slugs
208:moths
187:Paclt
2914:NCBI
2888:ITIS
2854:5474
2849:GBIF
2828:3911
2810:EPPO
2758:BOLD
775:ISBN
739:ISBN
714:2013
679:ISBN
516:Eggs
511:Eggs
316:silk
272:bees
198:The
2901:NBN
2802:851
2797:EoL
2789:C2K
2784:CoL
2776:131
2763:529
2725:AFD
554:of
358:of
202:or
2951::
2929::
2916::
2903::
2890::
2877::
2864::
2851::
2838::
2825::
2812::
2799::
2786::
2773::
2760::
2727::
2712::
2697::
749:^
722:^
700:.
689:^
662:^
654:88
652:.
558:.
544:,
538:,
532:,
274:.
238:.
150:.
2224:)
2220:(
1484:a
1482:i
1480:s
1478:y
1476:r
1474:t
1472:i
1470:D
1321:a
1319:i
1317:s
1315:y
1313:r
1311:t
1309:o
1307:n
1305:o
1303:M
1294:a
1292:r
1290:u
1288:e
1286:n
1284:o
1282:r
1280:e
1278:t
1276:e
1274:H
845:e
838:t
831:v
716:.
627:)
618:)
609:)
600:)
591:)
582:)
573:)
465:)
426:(
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