206:. Many search engines check for instances of spamdexing and will remove suspect pages from their indexes. Also, search-engine operators can quickly block the results listing from entire websites that use spamdexing, perhaps in response to user complaints of false matches. The rise of spamdexing in the mid-1990s made the leading search engines of the time less useful. Using unethical methods to make websites rank higher in search engine results than they otherwise would is commonly referred to in the SEO (search engine optimization) industry as "black-hat SEO". These methods are more focused on breaking the search-engine-promotion rules and guidelines. In addition to this, the perpetrators run the risk of their websites being severely penalized by the
1889:
895:
36:
953:
Possible solutions to overcome search-redirection poisoning redirecting to illegal internet pharmacies include notification of operators of vulnerable legitimate domains. Further, manual evaluation of SERPs, previously published link-based and content-based algorithms as well as tailor-made automatic
618:
Spam blogs are blogs created solely for commercial promotion and the passage of link authority to target sites. Often these "splogs" are designed in a misleading manner that will give the effect of a legitimate website but upon close inspection will often be written using spinning software or be very
865:
that is different from that seen by human users. It can be an attempt to mislead search engines regarding the content on a particular web site. Cloaking, however, can also be used to ethically increase accessibility of a site to users with disabilities or provide human users with content that search
447:
are low-quality web pages created with very little content, which are instead stuffed with very similar keywords and phrases. They are designed to rank highly within the search results, but serve no purpose to visitors looking for information. A doorway page will generally have "click here to enter"
312:
is dependent on whether the practice is used to pollute the results with pages of little relevance, or to direct traffic to a page of relevance that would have otherwise been de-emphasized due to the search engine's inability to interpret and understand related ideas. This is no longer the case.
693:
Spam in blogs is the placing or solicitation of links randomly on other sites, placing a desired keyword into the hyperlinked text of the inbound link. Guest books, forums, blogs, and any site that accepts visitors' comments are particular targets and are often victims of drive-by spamming where
646:
Some link spammers utilize expired domain crawler software or monitor DNS records for domains that will expire soon, then buy them when they expire and replace the pages with links to their pages. However, it is possible but not confirmed that Google resets the link data on expired domains. To
764:
base the importance of sites on the number of different sites linking to them, referrer-log spam may increase the search engine rankings of the spammer's sites. Also, site administrators who notice the referrer log entries in their logs may follow the link back to the spammer's referrer page.
375:
Many major search engines have implemented algorithms that recognize keyword stuffing, and reduce or eliminate any unfair search advantage that the tactic may have been intended to gain, and oftentimes they will also penalize, demote or remove websites from their indexes that implement keyword
463:
are created using various programs designed to "scrape" search-engine results pages or other sources of content and create "content" for a website. The specific presentation of content on these sites is unique, but is merely an amalgamation of content taken from other sources, often without
938:
Users can employ search operators for filtering. For Google, a keyword preceded by "-" (minus) will omit sites that contains the keyword in their pages or in the URL of the pages from search result. As an example, the search "-<unwanted site>" will eliminate sites that contains word
627:
Guest blog spam is the process of placing guest blogs on websites for the sole purpose of gaining a link to another website or websites. Unfortunately, these are often confused with legitimate forms of guest blogging with other motives than placing links. This technique was made famous by
419:, and "no script" sections. People manually screening red-flagged websites for a search-engine company might temporarily or permanently block an entire website for having invisible text on some of its pages. However, hidden text is not always spamdexing: it can also be used to enhance
777:
system, will not use the link to increase the score of the linked website if the link carries a nofollow tag. This ensures that spamming links to user-editable websites will not raise the sites ranking with search engines. Nofollow is used by several major websites, including
285:"Noscript" tags are another way to place hidden content within a page. While they are a valid optimization method for displaying an alternative representation of scripted content, they may be abused, since search engines may index content that is invisible to most visitors.
1121:
Proceedings of the First
International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb), 2005 in The 14th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2005) May 10, (Tue)-14 (Sat), 2005, Nippon Convention Center (Makuhari Messe), Chiba,
371:
no longer use these tags. Nowadays, search engines focus more on the content that is unique, comprehensive, relevant, and helpful that overall makes the quality better which makes keyword stuffing useless, but it is still practiced by many webmasters.
394:
Headlines in online news sites are increasingly packed with just the search-friendly keywords that identify the story. Traditional reporters and editors frown on the practice, but it is effective in optimizing news stories for search.
950:. Via the extension, users could block a specific page, or set of pages from appearing in their search results. As of 2021, the original extension appears to be removed, although similar-functioning extensions may be used.
759:
randomly access many sites enough times, with a message or specific address given as the referrer, that message or
Internet address then appears in the referrer log of those sites that have referrer logs. Since some
552:(PBNs) are a group of authoritative websites used as a source of contextual links that point to the owner's main website to achieve higher search engine ranking. Owners of PBN websites use expired domains or
435:, and using meta keywords that are unrelated to the site's content. This tactic has been ineffective. Google declared that it doesn't use the keywords meta tag in its online search ranking in September 2009.
251:
The problem arises when site operators load their Web pages with hundreds of extraneous terms so search engines will list them among legitimate addresses. The process is called "spamdexing," a combination of
288:
Sometimes inserted text includes words that are frequently searched (such as "sex"), even if those terms bear little connection to the content of a page, in order to attract traffic to advert-driven pages.
264:
Keyword stuffing had been used in the past to obtain top search engine rankings and visibility for particular phrases. This method is outdated and adds no value to rankings today. In particular,
1538:
507:
to render their content in several languages, with no human editing, resulting in unintelligible texts that nonetheless continue to be indexed by search engines, thereby attracting traffic.
1911:
282:
absolute positioning to have the text positioned far from the page center are all common techniques. By 2005, many invisible text techniques were easily detected by major search engines.
773:
Because of the large amount of spam posted to user-editable webpages, Google proposed a "nofollow" tag that could be embedded with links. A link-based search engine, such as Google's
537:
Link farms are tightly-knit networks of websites that link to each other for the sole purpose of exploiting the search engine ranking algorithms. These are also known facetiously as
541:. Use of links farms has greatly reduced with the launch of Google's first Panda Update in February 2011, which introduced significant improvements in its spam-detection algorithm.
1811:
304:, which is of little benefit to the user, keyword stuffing in certain circumstances was not intended to skew results in a deceptive manner. Whether the term carries a
468:
ads), or they redirect the user to other sites. It is even feasible for scraper sites to outrank original websites for their own information and organization names.
515:
Link spam is defined as links between pages that are present for reasons other than merit. Link spam takes advantage of link-based ranking algorithms, which gives
171:
and repeating unrelated phrases, to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed in a manner inconsistent with the purpose of the indexing system.
2306:
1054:
878:, optimizing a page for top ranking and then swapping another page in its place once a top ranking is achieved. Google refers to these type of redirects as
519:
higher rankings the more other highly ranked websites link to it. These techniques also aim at influencing other link-based ranking techniques such as the
300:
tactic, depending on the context of the technique, and the opinion of the person judging it. While a great deal of keyword stuffing was employed to aid in
1505:
1273:
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1435:
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Web sites that can be edited by users can be used by spamdexers to insert links to spam sites if the appropriate anti-spam measures are not taken.
1835:"Prevalence of Poisoned Google Search Results of Erectile Dysfunction Medications Redirecting to Illegal Internet Pharmacies: Data Analysis Study"
178:, although there are many SEO methods that improve the quality and appearance of the content of web sites and serve content useful to many users.
560:
from high-authority websites. Google targeted and penalized PBN users on several occasions with several massive deindexing campaigns since 2014.
479:
involves rewriting existing articles, as opposed to merely scraping content from other sites, to avoid penalties imposed by search engines for
379:
Changes and algorithms specifically intended to penalize or ban sites using keyword stuffing include the Google
Florida update (November 2003)
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These techniques involve altering the logical view that a search engine has over the page's contents. They all aim at variants of the
718:
can be written that automatically randomly select a user edited web page, such as a
Knowledge (XXG) article, and add spamming links.
1570:
1224:
1129:
963:
119:
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maintain all previous Google ranking data for the domain, it is advisable that a buyer grab the domain before it is "dropped".
191:
589:
57:
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1135:
866:
engines aren't able to process or parse. It is also used to deliver content based on a user's location; Google itself uses
1750:
1398:
726:
Wiki spam is when a spammer uses the open editability of wiki systems to place links from the wiki site to the spam site.
297:
293:
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954:
detection and classification engines can be used as benchmarks in the effective identification of pharma scam campaigns.
100:
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53:
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148:
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can rapidly make the user-editable portion of a site unusable. Programmers have developed a variety of automated
488:
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1982:
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Search engines now employ themed, related keyword techniques to interpret the intent of the content on a page.
199:
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on the page; autoforwarding can also be used for this purpose. In 2006, Google ousted vehicle manufacturer
1955:
1931:
946:
extension "Personal
Blocklist (by Google)", launched by Google in 2011 as part of countermeasures against
654:—that is, to cooperate with other users to boost the ranking of a particular page for a particular query.
593:
279:
272:
702:
Comment spam is a form of link spam that has arisen in web pages that allow dynamic user editing such as
278:
positioning to place text underneath an image — and therefore out of view of the visitor — and
1355:
1200:
1009:
988:
407:
is disguised by making it the same color as the background, using a tiny font size, or hiding it within
271:
Hiding text from the visitor is done in many different ways. Text colored to blend with the background,
164:
1901:
1629:
Finin, Tim; Joshi, Anupam; Kolari, Pranam; Java, Akshay; Kale, Anubhav; Karandikar, Amit (2008-09-06).
811:. Some search engines give a higher rank to results where the keyword searched for appears in the URL.
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2130:
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1212:
1109:
1062:
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1833:
Fittler, András; Paczolai, Péter; Ashraf, Amir Reza; Pourhashemi, Amir; Iványi, Péter (2022-11-08).
1105:
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1460:
751:), so that the referee is given the address of the referrer by the person's Internet browser. Some
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504:
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1217:
The 15th
International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2006) May 23–26, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1208:
1024:
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939:"<unwanted site>" in their pages and the pages whose URL contains "<unwanted site>".
384:
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1906:
359:
being temporarily or permanently banned or penalized on major search engines. The repetition of
1804:"New: Block Sites From Google Results Using Chrome's "Personal Blocklist" - Search Engine Land"
1747:
Proceedings of the First
International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web
694:
automated software creates nonsense posts with links that are usually irrelevant and unwanted.
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is the hosting of multiple websites with conceptually similar content but using different
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1861:
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1531:"Google Targets Sites Using Private Blog Networks With Manual Action Ranking Penalties"
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poorly written with barely readable content. They are similar in nature to link farms.
520:
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Spamdexed pages are sometimes eliminated from search results by the search engine.
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is the forging of multiple identities for malicious intent, named after the famous
585:
444:
416:
380:
364:
257:
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787:
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576:. Highlighted link text can help rank a webpage higher for matching that phrase.
2223:
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1495:"Search Engines:Technology, Society, and Business - Marti Hearst, Aug 29, 2005"
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187:
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is the taking of the user to another page without his or her intervention,
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have a referrer log which shows which pages link to that site. By having a
194:. Some of these include determining whether the search term appears in the
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1309:
The Panda That Hates Farms: A Q&A With Google’s Top Search
Engineers
1052:, Danny Sullivan's video explanation of Search Engine Spam, October 2008
2155:
2073:
2007:
1657:
1600:. Hong Heather Yu, Eng Keong Lua. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann.
1560:
752:
672:
356:
217:
Common spamdexing techniques can be classified into two broad classes:
870:, a form of cloaking, to deliver results. Another form of cloaking is
464:
permission. Such websites are generally full of advertising (such as
265:
861:
refers to any of several means to serve a page to the search-engine
850:, or permanent redirect, is not considered as a malicious behavior.
483:. This process is undertaken by hired writers or automated using a
2233:
1992:
1851:
707:
703:
256:—the Internet term for sending users unsolicited information—and "
268:
no longer gives good rankings to pages employing this technique.
1631:"The Information Ecology of Social Media and Online Communities"
452:
for using "doorway pages" to the company's German site, BMW.de.
408:
360:
241:
is by Eric Convey in his article "Porn sneaks way back on Web",
1920:
340:(SEO) technique in which keywords are loaded into a web page's
889:
737:
takes place when a spam perpetrator or facilitator accesses a
632:, who publicly declared "war" against this form of link spam.
449:
29:
1215:(2006), "Detecting Spam Web Pages through Content Analysis",
1468:
AAAI-2000 workshop on
Artificial Intelligence for Web Search
292:
In the past, keyword stuffing was considered to be either a
1399:"Google does not use the keywords meta tag in web ranking"
1081:"Word Spy - spamdexing" (definition), March 2003, webpage:
600:
that all link to each other, such as fake blogs (known as
1370:"Everything You Need to Know About Hidden Text & SEO"
596:". A spammer may create multiple web sites at different
906:
650:
Some of these techniques may be applied for creating a
592:
patient and the book about her that shares her name, "
1740:"Blocking Blog Spam with Language Model Disagreement"
572:
where visitors will not see them is used to increase
2247:
2169:
2096:
2026:
1963:
1954:
1160:"Keyword stuffing and the big three search engines"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
745:), by following a link from another web page (the
351:in an attempt to gain an unfair rank advantage in
27:Deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes
1684:(Thesis). Robert E. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly.
1326:, SearchEngineLand.com.com, September 26, 2013
991:– overview of search engine indexing technology
325:for information retrieval on text collections.
174:Spamdexing could be considered to be a part of
1706:"The decay and fall of guest blogging for SEO"
1158:Zuze, Herbert; Weideman, Melius (2013-04-12).
1932:
1323:All About the New Google "Hummingbird" Update
8:
167:. It involves a number of methods, such as
1960:
1939:
1925:
1917:
1351:On Language, The Web Is At War With Itself
1860:
1850:
1689:
1656:
1646:
1461:"Recognizing Nepotistic Links on the Web"
1195:
1193:
1100:
1098:
679:to block or at least slow down spambots.
237:The earliest known reference to the term
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1775:"Sneaky redirects - Search Console Help"
431:This involves repeating keywords in the
1041:
1470:, Boston: AAAI Press, pp. 23–28,
1077:
1075:
1073:
1738:; David Carmel; Ronny Lempel (2005).
1594:Koegel Buford, John F. (2009). "14".
1266:"What Is BlackHat SEO? 5 Definitions"
7:
2307:Black hat search engine optimization
1839:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1716:from the original on 3 February 2015
1426:"The Dirty Little Secrets of Search"
1340:, Bing.com Blogs, September 10, 2014
1240:"SEO basics: what is black hat SEO?"
160:) is the deliberate manipulation of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1912:Live Search (MSN Search) Guidelines
1814:from the original on 6 October 2017
1298:, Google Keyword Quality Guidelines
214:search-results ranking algorithms.
2126:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
411:code such as "no frame" sections,
25:
2111:Challenge–response spam filtering
1948:Unsolicited digital communication
1511:from the original on July 8, 2007
964:Adversarial information retrieval
355:. Keyword stuffing may lead to a
1887:
1337:Bing URL Stuffing Spam Filtering
893:
714:. It can be problematic because
186:Search engines use a variety of
34:
1785:from the original on 2015-05-18
1756:from the original on 2011-07-21
1597:P2P networking and applications
1559:Schreiber, Flora Rheta (1973).
1541:from the original on 2016-11-22
1477:from the original on 2007-04-18
1438:from the original on 2012-07-23
1380:from the original on 2021-11-22
1276:from the original on 2012-06-21
1141:from the original on 2020-02-15
247:, May 22, 1996, where he said:
45:needs additional citations for
926:Page omission by search engine
590:dissociative identity disorder
1:
1892:The dictionary definition of
1368:Montti, Roger (2020-10-03).
1424:Segal, David (2011-02-13).
1312:, Wired.com, March 3, 2011
1219:, New York, NY: ACM Press,
1124:, New York, NY: ACM Press,
539:mutual admiration societies
2323:
2146:Naive Bayes spam filtering
1264:Smarty, Ann (2008-12-17).
686:
677:spam prevention techniques
661:
658:Using world-writable pages
639:
611:
530:
391:'s September 2014 update.
338:search engine optimization
176:search engine optimization
149:search engine optimization
1164:Online Information Review
942:Users could also use the
489:artificial neural network
2121:Disposable email address
1983:Directory harvest attack
1680:Bevans, Brandon (2016).
1648:10.1609/aimag.v29i3.2158
1176:10.1108/OIR-11-2011-0193
399:Hidden or invisible text
1691:10.15368/theses.2016.91
1063:"Google Search Central"
190:to determine relevancy
141:search engine poisoning
1682:Categorizing Blog Spam
1067:. Retrieved 2023-5-16.
636:Buying expired domains
344:, visible content, or
262:
1403:Google for Developers
1374:Search Engine Journal
1356:National Public Radio
1270:Search Engine Journal
1110:Garcia-Molina, Hector
1010:Microsoft SmartScreen
989:Index (search engine)
934:Page omission by user
844:Server side redirects
730:Referrer log spamming
545:Private blog networks
367:may explain why many
249:
2131:Email authentication
1810:. 14 February 2011.
1808:searchengineland.com
1565:. Chicago: Regnery.
1354:, Linton Weeks, for
54:improve this article
1978:Bulk email software
1712:. 20 January 2014.
1295:Irrelevant keywords
1201:Ntoulas, Alexandros
1114:"Web spam taxonomy"
505:machine translation
495:Machine translation
1779:support.google.com
1535:Search Engine Land
1244:IONOS Digitalguide
1088:2014-07-18 at the
1083:WordSpy-spamdexing
1057:2008-12-17 at the
1025:Trademark stuffing
1015:Microsoft Defender
905:. You can help by
762:Web search engines
387:(August 2013) and
385:Google Hummingbird
323:vector space model
137:search engine spam
2289:
2288:
2116:Context filtering
2092:
2091:
1907:Yahoo! Guidelines
1902:Google Guidelines
1607:978-0-12-374214-8
923:
922:
503:, some sites use
481:duplicate content
427:Meta-tag stuffing
244:The Boston Herald
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2314:
2257:Advance-fee scam
2204:Keyword stuffing
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1359:
1358:, July 15, 2010.
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1213:Fetterly, Dennis
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1050:SearchEngineLand
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918:
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890:
880:Sneaky Redirects
501:article spinning
477:Article spinning
472:Article spinning
383:(February 2011)
334:Keyword stuffing
329:Keyword stuffing
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
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1106:Gyöngyi, Zoltán
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1090:Wayback Machine
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1059:Wayback Machine
1047:
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1038:
960:
948:content farming
936:
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903:needs expansion
888:
886:Countermeasures
856:
820:URL redirection
817:
815:URL redirection
801:
799:Mirror websites
796:
788:Knowledge (XXG)
771:
769:Countermeasures
732:
724:
700:
691:
685:
666:
660:
644:
638:
625:
623:Guest blog spam
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582:
574:link popularity
566:
554:auction domains
547:
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487:database or an
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2199:Google bombing
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2141:List poisoning
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1537:. 2014-09-23.
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1457:Davison, Brian
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528:
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521:HITS algorithm
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413:alt attributes
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369:search engines
353:search engines
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1710:mattcutts.com
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1246:. 23 May 2017
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1065:. 2023-02-23.
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1030:White fonting
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979:Doorway pages
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944:Google Chrome
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917:
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904:
901:This section
899:
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891:
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883:
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873:
872:code swapping
869:
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736:
735:Referrer spam
729:
727:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
695:
690:
689:Spam in blogs
683:Spam in blogs
682:
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550:Blog networks
544:
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510:
508:
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499:Similarly to
494:
492:
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486:
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471:
469:
467:
466:pay-per-click
462:
461:Scraper sites
456:Scraper sites
455:
453:
451:
446:
445:doorway pages
443:"Gateway" or
439:Doorway pages
438:
436:
434:
426:
424:
422:
421:accessibility
418:
415:, zero-sized
414:
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169:link building
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162:search engine
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113:
110:February 2021
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
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81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Link spamming
2262:Lottery scam
2219:Scraper site
2189:Doorway page
2170:
2059:Mobile phone
2039:Cold calling
1894:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1746:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1709:
1700:
1681:
1675:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1596:
1589:
1561:
1554:
1543:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1502:berkeley.edu
1501:
1489:
1479:, retrieved
1467:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1431:The NY Times
1429:
1419:
1409:21 September
1407:. Retrieved
1405:. Google Inc
1402:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1373:
1363:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1269:
1259:
1248:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1216:
1209:Najork, Marc
1167:
1163:
1153:
1143:, retrieved
1120:
1049:
1044:
1020:Scraper site
1005:Web scraping
995:Link farming
974:Content farm
952:
941:
937:
929:
914:October 2017
911:
907:adding to it
902:
879:
875:
871:
857:
848:301 Redirect
828:META refresh
823:
818:
802:
772:
746:
742:
733:
725:
701:
698:Comment spam
692:
670:
667:
649:
645:
626:
617:
598:domain names
586:Sybil attack
583:
580:Sybil attack
567:
564:Hidden links
548:
538:
536:
514:
498:
475:
459:
442:
430:
402:
393:
381:Google Panda
378:
374:
333:
332:
320:
317:Content spam
301:
291:
287:
284:
275:
270:
263:
250:
242:
238:
236:
226:
222:
219:content spam
218:
216:
208:Google Panda
185:
173:
157:
153:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Spamdexing"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2224:Social spam
2136:Greylisting
2106:Client-side
2034:Auto dialer
1658:11603/12123
1635:AI Magazine
984:Hidden text
868:IP delivery
846:. However,
805:mirror site
794:Other types
652:Google bomb
405:hidden text
349:anchor text
310:connotation
308:or neutral
154:search spam
2296:Categories
2229:Spam blogs
2194:Forum spam
2171:Spamdexing
2044:Flyposting
2003:Image spam
1965:Email spam
1895:spamdexing
1789:2015-05-14
1760:2007-10-24
1720:11 January
1545:2016-12-12
1481:2007-10-23
1442:2012-07-03
1384:2021-11-22
1280:2012-07-05
1250:2022-08-22
1145:2007-10-05
1036:References
836:JavaScript
712:guestbooks
671:Automated
664:Forum spam
640:See also:
630:Matt Cutts
608:Spam blogs
602:spam blogs
570:hyperlinks
556:that have
527:Link farms
403:Unrelated
376:stuffing.
306:pejorative
302:spamdexing
239:spamdexing
188:algorithms
133:Spamdexing
80:newspapers
2209:Link farm
2179:Blog spam
2098:Anti-spam
2064:Newsgroup
2054:Messaging
1956:Protocols
1818:6 October
1667:0738-4602
1641:(3): 77.
1616:318353755
1515:August 1,
1184:1468-4527
1000:TrustRank
780:Wordpress
722:Wiki spam
642:Domaining
614:Spam blog
558:backlinks
533:Link farm
511:Link spam
485:thesaurus
433:meta tags
365:meta tags
342:meta tags
298:black hat
294:white hat
227:link spam
223:term spam
196:body text
146:black-hat
2302:Spamming
2274:Phishing
2184:Cloaking
2161:Spamhaus
2069:Robocall
2049:Junk fax
1871:36346655
1812:Archived
1783:Archived
1751:Archived
1714:Archived
1539:Archived
1506:Archived
1472:archived
1459:(2000),
1436:Archived
1378:Archived
1274:Archived
1136:archived
1112:(2005),
1086:Archived
1055:Archived
969:Cloaking
958:See also
859:Cloaking
854:Cloaking
826:, using
775:PageRank
753:websites
748:referrer
739:web page
673:spambots
568:Putting
517:websites
346:backlink
258:indexing
254:spamming
204:web page
182:Overview
158:web spam
2156:SpamCop
2074:Spambot
2018:Spambot
2008:Joe job
1862:9682446
784:Blogger
743:referee
357:website
276:z-index
233:History
192:ranking
165:indexes
94:scholar
1869:
1859:
1665:
1614:
1604:
1581:570440
1579:
1569:
1223:
1182:
1128:
1122:Japan.
863:spider
830:tags,
716:agents
710:, and
266:Google
225:) and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2279:Voice
2234:Sping
2151:SORBS
2027:Other
1993:DNSWL
1988:DNSBL
1754:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1562:Sybil
1509:(PDF)
1498:(PDF)
1475:(PDF)
1464:(PDF)
1139:(PDF)
1117:(PDF)
832:Flash
757:robot
741:(the
708:blogs
704:wikis
594:Sybil
361:words
336:is a
296:or a
202:of a
101:JSTOR
87:books
2084:VoIP
1867:PMID
1820:2017
1722:2015
1663:ISSN
1612:OCLC
1602:ISBN
1577:OCLC
1567:ISBN
1517:2007
1411:2009
1221:ISBN
1180:ISSN
1126:ISBN
876:i.e.
840:Java
824:e.g.
809:URLs
786:and
417:DIVs
409:HTML
389:Bing
210:and
73:news
1857:PMC
1847:doi
1686:doi
1653:hdl
1643:doi
1172:doi
909:.
842:or
834:,
604:).
450:BMW
363:in
280:CSS
273:CSS
200:URL
198:or
156:or
56:by
2298::
1865:.
1855:.
1843:24
1841:.
1837:.
1806:.
1781:.
1777:.
1749:.
1745:.
1708:.
1661:.
1651:.
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1575:.
1533:.
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1500:.
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1434:.
1428:.
1401:.
1376:.
1372:.
1272:.
1268:.
1242:.
1211:;
1207:;
1203:;
1192:^
1178:.
1168:37
1166:.
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1134:,
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1108:;
1097:^
1072:^
882:.
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1688::
1669:.
1655::
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1092:.
916:)
912:(
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117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
