Knowledge (XXG)

Linux on embedded systems

Source 📝

1498: 3282: 2321: 1510: 2337: 3272: 1484: 438: 367:
include multiple suppliers for software, development and support; no royalties or licensing fees; a stable kernel; the ability to read, modify and redistribute the source code. The technical disadvantages include a comparatively large
996: 2379: 1548: 1193: 671: 1198: 244:
Due to its low cost (freely available source code) and ease of customization, Linux has been shipped in many consumer devices. Devices covering PDAs (like the
327:
With the availability of consumer embedded devices, communities of users and developers were formed around these devices: replacement or enhancements of the
1223: 3320: 3276: 2372: 1588: 1444: 3343: 2213: 882: 3726: 1568: 1541: 805: 3286: 2365: 2254: 1629: 1502: 1457: 3762: 335:
and to the communities surrounding the devices. Due to the high number of devices, standardized build systems have appeared, including
3054: 979: 772: 3089: 2325: 1573: 1534: 1467: 1208: 1183: 929: 834: 2065: 122:
that also include a touchscreen. This is a challenge for most learners because their computer experience is mainly based on GUI (
678: 3688: 3643: 3471: 2866: 2179: 1203: 1072: 727: 3313: 3043: 2229: 505: 218: 1160: 3388: 3141: 2903: 2294: 2289: 1462: 3731: 2531: 2330: 2174: 2169: 1155: 2444: 2274: 1873: 1251: 1188: 309:. In July 2012, Android's smartphone market share in the United States was at 52%, reaching 82% worldwide in Q2 2015. 1754: 3678: 3648: 3134: 2388: 2043: 1624: 1289: 1150: 858: 521: 294: 126:) based interaction with the machine and high-level programming on the one hand and low-level programming of small 115: 3625: 3378: 3306: 3014: 2781: 2649: 2549: 455: 364: 3658: 3638: 3166: 3128: 2834: 2341: 1304: 1112: 465: 123: 99: 645: 3757: 3486: 3002: 2561: 2485: 2284: 2224: 2197: 1557: 48: 44: 1165: 3476: 3173: 3096: 1769: 1593: 1343: 1336: 1284: 967: 962: 419: 230: 131: 1001: 3408: 3348: 2860: 2752: 1578: 1128: 415: 260: 119: 80: 76: 64: 1011: 1030: 3736: 3670: 3449: 3358: 3265: 3060: 2676: 2035: 1946: 1583: 1432: 1261: 372:(kernel and root filesystem); complexities of user mode and kernel mode memory access, and a complex 199: 32: 3534: 3466: 3373: 2239: 1966: 1420: 1065: 602: 582: 385: 256: 2336: 3393: 3162: 2658: 1309: 1175: 1145: 811: 792:, Computer Communications and Networks, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 65–88, 607: 460: 423: 328: 222: 95: 88: 56: 3683: 3605: 3491: 3383: 3368: 3209: 2877: 2003: 1991: 1956: 1117: 801: 233: 183: 748: 728:"ComScore: Android tops 52 percent of US smartphone share, iPhone cracks the 33 percent mark" 150:
which are not only primarily used as the processor of a desktop or server computer, but also
3572: 3481: 3420: 3398: 2961: 2397: 1266: 1256: 1097: 793: 404: 369: 202: 175: 155: 52: 20: 3456: 3444: 3403: 3329: 2792: 2472: 2346: 1986: 1981: 1452: 1213: 1034: 991: 597: 396: 389: 306: 151: 127: 111: 72: 68: 28: 938: 3698: 3580: 3552: 3501: 3363: 3214: 2725: 2604: 2599: 2102: 2079: 1971: 1759: 1514: 1376: 1276: 1218: 1102: 1058: 785: 515: 411: 60: 3751: 3703: 3615: 2970: 2718: 2589: 2357: 2219: 1976: 1941: 1680: 1661: 1426: 1398: 1369: 1362: 1314: 1246: 986: 815: 510: 373: 336: 3600: 3413: 3234: 3229: 2576: 2537: 1841: 1821: 1811: 1749: 1610: 1488: 1355: 1299: 1122: 1089: 500: 443: 340: 245: 24: 910: 2264: 331:
shipped on the device has often been made possible thanks to availability of the
3713: 3653: 3461: 3257: 3219: 3114: 2984: 2093: 2075: 2013: 1831: 1404: 1390: 1330: 1107: 797: 332: 276: 226: 103: 36: 1022: 3693: 3519: 3353: 3201: 3082: 2949: 2025: 2020: 1998: 1732: 1715: 1673: 1634: 769: 592: 577: 567: 525: 433: 400: 302: 284: 264: 163: 107: 1046:
Embedded Linux Wiki: A centralized place for sharing Embedded Linux Knowledge
3590: 3224: 3102: 3076: 2996: 2820: 2610: 2418: 2269: 2259: 2234: 2098: 2008: 1742: 1650: 1383: 1349: 1241: 530: 491: 470: 344: 206: 1526: 1040: 3547: 3439: 3430: 3108: 3048: 2990: 2697: 2594: 2555: 2524: 2433: 2161: 2137: 1919: 1737: 1656: 1410: 535: 312: 288: 272: 268: 84: 40: 3708: 3595: 3585: 3524: 3511: 3191: 3185: 3152: 3147: 3037: 3008: 2977: 2955: 2892: 2853: 2828: 2807: 2761: 2739: 2478: 2306: 2279: 2249: 2244: 2189: 2053: 1914: 1846: 1836: 1816: 1776: 1639: 1415: 617: 612: 550: 540: 486: 480: 348: 187: 883:"Real-Time Linux Continues Its Way to Mainline Development and Beyond" 3610: 3542: 3029: 2932: 2918: 2906: 2774: 2767: 2732: 2691: 2685: 2505: 2496: 2460: 2438: 2122: 2057: 1909: 1880: 1853: 1826: 1764: 1720: 1685: 1005: 561: 545: 496: 316: 301:
and introduced in 2008, has become a highly competitive platform for
298: 249: 195: 191: 143: 3298: 702: 407:). Real Time Linux project aims mainlining the PREEMPT_RT-version. 3121: 2925: 2634: 2543: 2408: 1868: 1797: 1781: 1727: 1695: 1690: 1668: 1483: 1081: 555: 437: 280: 171: 159: 859:"Real-Time Operating System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 297:, a Linux-kernel-based operating system acquired and extended by 3562: 3557: 3496: 3179: 3072: 2886: 2801: 2665: 2628: 2427: 2116: 1710: 1646: 622: 352: 179: 167: 98:, operating systems based on the Linux kernel can be also found 3302: 2361: 1530: 1054: 418:
it has to have enough operative memory (or replacing such) and
3066: 2909: 2844: 2709: 2466: 2299: 1933: 1904: 1896: 1793: 395:
Projects to develop real-time and safety-critical support are
384:
Not every embedded Linux distribution is required to or meets
252: 147: 198:
processors. Linux is also used as an alternative to using a
1015: 1027: 586: 1050: 835:"What does it mean to say "linux kernel is preemptive"?" 426:
to ensure compatibility with software running on Linux.
319:
use embedded Linux on their constellations and rockets.
1012:"News and technical articles concerning embedded Linux" 1045: 896: 3669: 3624: 3571: 3533: 3510: 3429: 3336: 3200: 3161: 2942: 2902: 2876: 2843: 2819: 2791: 2751: 2708: 2675: 2648: 2621: 2575: 2516: 2495: 2417: 2407: 2396: 2206: 2188: 2160: 2136: 2074: 2052: 2034: 1955: 1932: 1895: 1792: 1609: 1602: 1443: 1323: 1275: 1234: 1174: 1138: 1088: 666: 664: 363:The advantages of embedded Linux over proprietary 897:"ELISA: Enabling Linux in Safety Applications" 388:requirements. This is particular relevant for 3314: 2373: 1542: 1066: 937:. LinuxPundit.com. p. 18. Archived from 650:What is Embedded Linux? And How does it work? 130:(MCU) on the other hand while the concept of 8: 677:. Monta Vista Software. 2008. Archived from 483:- specialised for ARM single board computers 980:Embedded Linux course on youtube (Zedboard) 524:well-known type of embedded Linux, e.g. on 3321: 3307: 3299: 3271: 2582: 2414: 2404: 2380: 2366: 2358: 1606: 1549: 1535: 1527: 1073: 1059: 1051: 1041:VxWorks to Embedded Linux: a Success Story 931:Uniting Mobile Linux Application Platforms 749:"IDC: Smartphone OS Market Share, 2015 Q2" 703:"ELKS: The Embeddable Linux Kernel System" 672:"Migrating VxWorks applications to Linux" 283:like Jolla C and Intex Aqua Fish and the 1503:Free and open-source software portal 995:) is being considered for deletion. See 2214:Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless 637: 414:to run fully-fledged Linux OS and have 7: 2255:PlayStation Portable system software 773:(June 2023) Status of Embedded Linux 1445:Professional related certifications 1023:Embedded Linux mailist list archive 564:- Core and Server, on RPi, x86, ARM 14: 1224:List of software package managers 1209:Security-focused operating system 999:to help reach a consensus. › 106:-based embedded devices, such as 3281: 3280: 3270: 2335: 2320: 2319: 2066:PlayStation Vita system software 1574:Open-source mobile phones / OSes 1509: 1508: 1496: 1482: 558:– embedded Linux for smartphones 436: 3644:Light-weight Linux distribution 3472:Hacking of consumer electronics 2867:Transaction Processing Facility 2180:Nintendo Switch system software 1199:Distributions that run from RAM 911:"Realtime:start [Wiki]" 506:Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset 219:Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset 1: 790:Distributed Real-Time Systems 786:"Real-Time Operating Systems" 3732:List of open-source hardware 2175:Nintendo DSi system software 2170:Nintendo 3DS system software 1967:Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 1156:GNU/Linux naming controversy 928:Weinberg, Bill (July 2008). 2445:Multi-Environment Real-Time 2389:Real-time operating systems 2275:Sony Ericsson Java Platform 1252:Linux Documentation Project 1194:Netbook-specific comparison 798:10.1007/978-3-030-22570-4_4 116:personal digital assistants 3779: 3763:Embedded operating systems 3649:Real-time operating system 1151:Criticism of desktop Linux 726:Fingas, Jon (2012-09-04). 646:"Graphical User Interface" 392:applications and systems. 365:embedded operating systems 275:handsets, devices running 142:The Linux kernel has been 85:spacecraft flight software 3722: 3634:Linux on embedded systems 3243: 2585: 2550:Operating System Embedded 2315: 1564: 1476: 1161:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate 456:Convergent Linux Platform 3639:Linux for mobile devices 2835:Windows Embedded Compact 2326:Mobile operating systems 2162:Nintendo system software 1653:(Linux kernel subsystem) 1589:Mobile app distributions 1558:Mobile operating systems 997:templates for discussion 477:Products/Distributions: 466:Linux for mobile devices 124:Graphical user interface 45:personal video recorders 16:Uses in embedded systems 3487:PlayStation 3 Jailbreak 2198:Intel Management Engine 1028:Embedded Debian Project 132:command line interfaces 49:in-vehicle infotainment 3477:Homebrew (video games) 3174:Robot Operating System 1594:Mobile app development 1337:Free Software Magazine 1267:Linux User Group (LUG) 968:Safety-critical system 963:Preemption (computing) 420:memory management unit 120:portable media players 65:wireless access points 3671:Programming languages 3409:Single-board computer 3349:Board support package 1579:Open Handset Alliance 1569:Mobile OS comparisons 863:www.sciencedirect.com 751:. idc.com. 2015-08-01 261:Linksys WRT54G series 77:industrial automation 3737:Open-source robotics 3727:Lightweight browsers 3450:Proprietary firmware 3359:Consumer electronics 3266:Open-source software 2677:Java virtual machine 1947:BlackBerry Tablet OS 1584:Open Mobile Alliance 1262:Linux Mark Institute 784:Erciyes, K. (2019), 257:residential gateways 255:navigation devices, 81:navigation equipment 33:consumer electronics 3467:Defective by Design 3374:Embedded hypervisor 2331:Mobile applications 2240:Nokia Asha platform 899:. 21 February 2019. 885:. 6 September 2018. 603:MontaVista Software 403:) and ELISA (under 205:and its associated 134:is widely unknown. 89:medical instruments 55:equipment (such as 3535:Software libraries 1189:Distributions list 1184:General comparison 1146:Criticism of Linux 1033:2006-06-30 at the 1018:on 3 January 2013. 608:Wind River Systems 461:Linux range of use 424:virtual addressing 329:Linux distribution 223:Linux distribution 102:that are actually 3745: 3744: 3684:Assembly language 3626:Operating systems 3606:Stand-alone shell 3573:Programming tools 3492:Rooting (Android) 3384:Embedded software 3369:Embedded database 3296: 3295: 3024: 3023: 2878:Texas Instruments 2644: 2643: 2571: 2570: 2355: 2354: 2342:Telecommunication 2004:Windows 10 Mobile 1891: 1890: 1524: 1523: 807:978-3-030-22569-8 589:and Ubuntu Server 412:electronic system 410:In order for the 100:in mobile devices 94:Because of their 21:operating systems 3770: 3482:iOS jailbreaking 3399:Memory footprint 3330:Embedded systems 3323: 3316: 3309: 3300: 3284: 3283: 3274: 3273: 2962:ERIKA Enterprise 2650:Capability-based 2583: 2415: 2405: 2382: 2375: 2368: 2359: 2339: 2323: 2322: 1674:Smart Feature OS 1607: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1528: 1512: 1511: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1489:Linux portal 1487: 1486: 1458:Linux Foundation 1257:Linux Foundation 1075: 1068: 1061: 1052: 1019: 1014:. Archived from 952: 950: 949: 943: 936: 915: 914: 907: 901: 900: 893: 887: 886: 879: 873: 872: 870: 869: 855: 849: 848: 846: 845: 831: 825: 824: 823: 822: 781: 775: 766: 760: 759: 757: 756: 745: 739: 738: 736: 735: 723: 717: 716: 714: 713: 699: 693: 692: 690: 689: 683: 676: 668: 659: 658: 657: 656: 642: 446: 441: 440: 405:Linux Foundation 370:memory footprint 240:Devices coverage 229:for outdated or 203:operating system 146:to a variety of 128:microcontrollers 114:, together with 69:wireless routers 29:embedded systems 3778: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3767: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3718: 3665: 3620: 3567: 3529: 3506: 3457:Closed platform 3445:Custom firmware 3425: 3404:Microcontroller 3332: 3327: 3297: 3292: 3269: 3239: 3196: 3157: 3020: 2938: 2898: 2872: 2839: 2815: 2787: 2747: 2704: 2671: 2640: 2617: 2567: 2512: 2491: 2473:Real-Time Linux 2399: 2392: 2386: 2356: 2351: 2311: 2202: 2184: 2156: 2132: 2119:(Non GMS based) 2070: 2048: 2030: 1958: 1951: 1928: 1887: 1812:Fedora Mobility 1788: 1681:Kindle firmware 1598: 1560: 1555: 1525: 1520: 1497: 1495: 1481: 1472: 1439: 1319: 1271: 1230: 1214:Package manager 1170: 1134: 1113:Booting process 1084: 1079: 1035:Wayback Machine 1010: 1000: 976: 959: 947: 945: 941: 934: 927: 924: 922:Further reading 919: 918: 909: 908: 904: 895: 894: 890: 881: 880: 876: 867: 865: 857: 856: 852: 843: 841: 833: 832: 828: 820: 818: 808: 783: 782: 778: 767: 763: 754: 752: 747: 746: 742: 733: 731: 725: 724: 720: 711: 709: 707:GitHub.com/elks 701: 700: 696: 687: 685: 681: 674: 670: 669: 662: 654: 652: 644: 643: 639: 634: 629: 598:Mentor Graphics 442: 435: 432: 397:Real-Time Linux 390:safety critical 382: 361: 325: 242: 225:that fits on a 215: 140: 73:machine control 17: 12: 11: 5: 3776: 3774: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3758:Embedded Linux 3750: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3581:Almquist shell 3577: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3553:Embedded GLIBC 3550: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3502:Vendor lock-in 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3436: 3434: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3364:Cross compiler 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3261: 3253: 3251:= discontinued 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3215:David Cheriton 3212: 3206: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3169: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3139: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2912: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2896: 2893:TI-RTOS Kernel 2890: 2882: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2849: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2797: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2771: 2765: 2758: 2756: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2729: 2726:Concurrent DOS 2714: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2663: 2654: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2607:(organization) 2605:T-Engine Forum 2602: 2600:Micro T-Kernel 2592: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2501: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2489: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2457: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2412: 2402: 2394: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2333: 2328: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2194: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2142: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127:Huawei Band OS 2125: 2120: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2103:HarmonyOS NEXT 2096: 2084: 2082: 2080:HarmonyOS NEXT 2072: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1974: 1972:Windows Mobile 1969: 1963: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1912: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1802: 1800: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1760:Openmoko Linux 1757: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1713: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1654: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1615: 1613: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1539: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1506: 1492: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1453:CompTIA Linux+ 1449: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1380: 1377:Linux Magazine 1373: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1219:Package format 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1025: 1020: 1008: 1002:Embedded Linux 984: 982: 975: 974:External links 972: 971: 970: 965: 958: 955: 954: 953: 923: 920: 917: 916: 902: 888: 874: 850: 839:Stack Overflow 826: 806: 776: 761: 740: 730:. Engadget.com 718: 694: 660: 636: 635: 633: 630: 628: 627: 626: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 580: 572: 571: 570: 565: 559: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 518: 516:Familiar Linux 513: 508: 503: 494: 489: 484: 475: 474: 473: 468: 463: 458: 449: 448: 447: 431: 428: 381: 378: 374:device drivers 360: 359:Platform usage 357: 324: 321: 241: 238: 214: 211: 139: 136: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3775: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3704:Embedded Java 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3616:Yocto Project 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337:General terms 3335: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3289: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2719:Multiuser DOS 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2590:ITRON project 2588: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:BlackBerry OS 2218: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1977:Windows Phone 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1942:BlackBerry 10 1940: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662:ChromeOS Flex 1660: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1517: 1516: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1427:Revolution OS 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1399:Linux Outlaws 1397: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1370:Linux Journal 1367: 1365: 1364: 1363:Linux Gazette 1360: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1315:Linux malware 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247:Linux Counter 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235:Organizations 1233: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1176:Distributions 1173: 1167: 1166:SCO and Linux 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1139:Controversies 1137: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 998: 994: 993: 988: 983: 981: 978: 977: 973: 969: 966: 964: 961: 960: 956: 944:on 2012-02-16 940: 933: 932: 926: 925: 921: 912: 906: 903: 898: 892: 889: 884: 878: 875: 864: 860: 854: 851: 840: 836: 830: 827: 817: 813: 809: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 780: 777: 774: 771: 765: 762: 750: 744: 741: 729: 722: 719: 708: 704: 698: 695: 684:on 2014-02-10 680: 673: 667: 665: 661: 651: 647: 641: 638: 631: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 588: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 573: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 523: 519: 517: 514: 512: 511:Emdebian Grip 509: 507: 504: 502: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 482: 479: 478: 476: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 451: 450: 445: 439: 434: 429: 427: 425: 422:implementing 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 379: 377: 375: 371: 366: 358: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 322: 320: 318: 314: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 290: 286: 282: 279:developed by 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 251: 247: 239: 237: 235: 232: 228: 224: 220: 212: 210: 208: 204: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 137: 135: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 37:set-top boxes 34: 30: 26: 23:based on the 22: 3699:Embedded C++ 3633: 3601:OpenEmbedded 3512:Boot loaders 3433:and controls 3414:Raspberry Pi 3285: 3275: 3263: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3235:Ken Sakamura 3230:Adam Dunkels 3133: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3095: 3088: 3036: 3028: 2976: 2943:Low resource 2931: 2924: 2917: 2885: 2859: 2852: 2806: 2805:^° kernel → 2800: 2773: 2738: 2731: 2724: 2717: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2657: 2538:Nucleus RTOS 2523: 2504: 2484: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2426: 2153:MIUI Band OS 2110: 2087: 1862: 1842:Ubuntu Touch 1822:postmarketOS 1805: 1750:OpenEmbedded 1704: 1618: 1611:Linux Kernel 1513: 1494: 1480: 1433: 1425: 1403: 1389: 1382: 1375: 1368: 1361: 1356:Linux Format 1354: 1342: 1335: 1310:Range of use 1294: 1127: 1090:Linux kernel 1016:the original 990: 946:. Retrieved 939:the original 930: 905: 891: 877: 866:. Retrieved 862: 853: 842:. Retrieved 838: 829: 819:, retrieved 789: 779: 764: 753:. Retrieved 743: 732:. Retrieved 721: 710:. Retrieved 706: 697: 686:. Retrieved 679:the original 653:, retrieved 649: 640: 501:Raspberry Pi 444:Linux portal 416:multitasking 409: 394: 383: 362: 341:OpenEmbedded 326: 311: 293: 271:exz series, 267:such as the 246:Sharp Zaurus 243: 231:low resource 216: 141: 93: 91:in general. 27:are used in 25:Linux kernel 18: 3714:MicroPython 3654:Windows IoT 3462:Crippleware 3379:Embedded OS 3258:Microkernel 3220:Dave Cutler 3210:Gordon Bell 3115:Sintran III 2985:OpenComRTOS 2686:Chorus/Jazz 2145:Amazfit OS 2094:OpenHarmony 2076:OpenHarmony 2014:Windows 8.1 1832:Sailfish OS 1817:Manjaro ARM 1691:Maemo Leste 1405:Linux Voice 1391:Ubuntu User 1344:Full Circle 1331:DistroWatch 1204:Lightweight 1118:Kernel oops 1108:Linux-libre 1103:Linus's law 985:‹ The 587:Ubuntu Core 526:smartphones 380:Limitations 376:framework. 333:source code 323:Communities 303:smartphones 277:Sailfish OS 265:smartphones 227:floppy disk 200:proprietary 186:, mn10300, 118:(PDAs) and 108:smartphones 104:touchscreen 96:versatility 3752:Categories 3694:Embedded C 3354:Bootloader 3277:Comparison 3202:Developers 3163:Frameworks 3105:° Standard 3083:Phantom OS 3061:µ-velOSity 2950:ChibiOS/RT 2026:Windows 11 2021:Windows 10 1999:Windows RT 1733:MontaVista 1716:Firefox OS 1635:Android Go 1037:(obsolete) 948:2009-05-08 868:2021-03-08 844:2021-03-08 821:2021-03-08 755:2016-05-13 734:2012-11-24 712:2021-04-12 688:2013-11-13 655:2019-06-05 632:References 593:LynuxWorks 578:Access Co. 499:– used on 452:Articles: 401:PREEMPT_RT 285:Nokia N900 164:ETRAX CRIS 67:(WAPs) or 53:networking 3591:Buildroot 3225:Dan Dodge 3153:UniProton 3103:RT-Thread 3077:Microware 2997:RT-Thread 2821:Microsoft 2611:T-License 2532:Integrity 2419:Unix-like 2398:Operating 2235:Magic Cap 2099:HarmonyOS 2009:Windows 8 1957:Microsoft 1743:Mobilinux 1651:HarmonyOS 1384:LinuxUser 1350:Linux.com 1242:LinuxChix 816:199583025 770:July 2022 768:Tim Bird 583:Canonical 574:Vendors: 531:Mobilinux 520:Google's 492:BuildRoot 471:TinyLinux 386:real-time 345:Buildroot 259:like the 248:family), 207:toolchain 47:(PVRs)), 41:smart TVs 19:Computer 3548:dietlibc 3440:Firmware 3431:Firmware 3287:Category 3109:ScreenOS 3049:FreeRTOS 2991:PX5 RTOS 2698:ChorusOS 2595:T-Kernel 2556:PX5 RTOS 2525:ChorusOS 2434:Junos OS 2347:Software 2138:FreeRTOS 1920:bridgeOS 1755:Ångström 1738:MotoMagx 1657:ChromeOS 1515:Category 1434:The Code 1421:Phoronix 1411:LugRadio 1295:Embedded 1285:Adopters 1277:Adoption 1031:Archived 987:template 957:See also 536:OpenMoko 430:See also 313:Starlink 289:Nokia N9 273:Openmoko 269:Motorola 234:hardware 213:Variants 61:switches 31:such as 3709:MISRA C 3596:BusyBox 3586:BitBake 3525:Barebox 3248:Italics 3192:Xenomai 3186:TI-RTOS 3148:VxWorks 3135:Harmony 3038:DioneOS 3009:ThreadX 2978:Nano-RK 2967:FunkOS° 2956:Contiki 2861:4690 OS 2854:4680 OS 2829:ThreadX 2808:Symbian 2740:REAL/32 2622:Partial 2579:support 2552:^ (OSE) 2517:Partial 2479:RTLinux 2454:Unix-RT 2411:support 2400:systems 2307:ThreadX 2280:Symbian 2250:Palm OS 2245:PalmDOS 2190:Minix 3 2148:Zepp OS 2111:Defunct 2054:FreeBSD 2044:Fuchsia 1959:Windows 1915:watchOS 1863:Defunct 1847:UBports 1837:SteamOS 1777:OpenEZX 1705:Defunct 1640:Wear OS 1625:Android 1463:Red Hat 1416:LWN.net 1290:Desktop 1098:History 989:below ( 618:ENEA AB 613:TimeSys 568:μClinux 551:RTLinux 541:OpenWrt 522:Android 487:BusyBox 481:Armbian 349:OpenWrt 307:tablets 295:Android 188:PowerPC 138:History 112:tablets 57:routers 51:(IVI), 3659:Win CE 3611:Toybox 3543:uClibc 3520:U-Boot 3030:BeRTOS 3015:Zephyr 2999:° Nano 2971:Mynewt 2933:VAXELN 2919:RSX-11 2907:PDP-11 2782:Wombat 2775:REX OS 2768:PikeOS 2762:LLinux 2755:kernel 2733:FlexOS 2692:JavaOS 2506:LiteOS 2497:LiteOS 2461:OS2000 2439:LynxOS 2391:(RTOS) 2340:  2324:  2216:(BREW) 2123:LiteOS 2088:Active 2058:NetBSD 2036:Zircon 1910:iPadOS 1881:Moblin 1854:Mobian 1827:PureOS 1806:Active 1765:QtMoko 1721:B2G OS 1686:LuneOS 1619:Active 1468:Ubuntu 1305:Mobile 1300:Gaming 1006:Curlie 992:Curlie 814:  804:  562:Ubuntu 546:DD-WRT 497:Debian 351:, and 317:SpaceX 299:Google 250:TomTom 196:Xtensa 194:, and 192:SuperH 176:IP7000 144:ported 87:, and 3129:Thoth 3122:THEOS 3055:µC/OS 3044:embOS 2926:RT-11 2869:(TPF) 2793:Psion 2635:RTEMS 2544:NuttX 2409:POSIX 2207:Other 1869:Maemo 1798:Linux 1782:WebOS 1728:MeeGo 1696:Tizen 1669:KaiOS 1630:forks 1603:Linux 1324:Media 1129:more… 1082:Linux 942:(PDF) 935:(PDF) 812:S2CID 682:(PDF) 675:(PDF) 585:with 556:Tizen 337:Yocto 281:Jolla 221:is a 172:H8300 160:AVR32 35:(eg. 3689:CAPL 3563:musl 3558:lwIP 3497:UEFI 3389:FPGA 3344:ASIC 3264:° = 3256:^ = 3180:RTAI 3167:kits 3142:VRTX 3132:^ → 3090:pSOS 3073:OS-9 3003:RIOT 2887:DSOS 2802:EKA2 2666:seL4 2659:EROS 2629:eCos 2577:TRON 2562:RIOT 2486:UNOS 2450:MERT 2428:DNIX 2265:S30+ 2230:GEOS 2225:EPOC 2117:EMUI 1711:Bada 1647:EMUI 802:ISBN 623:SUSE 353:LTIB 315:and 305:and 287:and 217:The 184:MIPS 180:m68k 168:FR-V 148:CPUs 110:and 43:and 3679:Ada 3421:SoC 3394:IoT 3176:° 2 3097:RMX 3067:MQX 2910:VAX 2904:DEC 2845:IBM 2710:DOS 2689:^ ( 2467:QNX 2448:^ ( 2300:UIQ 2295:S90 2290:S80 2285:S60 2270:S40 2260:S30 1992:8.1 1934:QNX 1905:iOS 1897:XNU 1874:Mer 1794:GNU 1770:SHR 1123:Tux 1004:at 794:doi 263:or 253:GPS 156:ARM 152:ARC 71:), 3754:: 3188:^° 3165:, 3085:^° 3057:^° 3051:^° 3033:^° 3017:^° 2952:^° 2895:^° 2812:^° 2810:OS 2784:^° 2764:^° 2753:L4 2701:^) 2695:+ 2668:^° 2662:^° 2564:^° 2546:^° 2452:– 2113:: 2090:: 1865:: 1808:: 1707:: 1621:: 861:. 837:. 810:, 800:, 788:, 705:. 663:^ 648:, 355:. 347:, 343:, 339:, 291:. 236:. 209:. 190:, 182:, 178:, 174:, 170:, 166:, 162:, 158:, 154:, 83:, 79:, 75:, 63:, 59:, 39:, 3322:e 3315:t 3308:v 3194:° 3182:° 3144:^ 3138:^ 3079:) 3075:( 3069:^ 3063:^ 3011:^ 3005:° 2993:^ 2987:^ 2981:° 2973:° 2964:° 2958:° 2831:^ 2778:^ 2770:^ 2637:° 2631:° 2558:^ 2540:^ 2534:^ 2528:^ 2509:° 2481:° 2475:° 2469:^ 2456:) 2381:e 2374:t 2367:v 2105:) 2101:( 2078:/ 2056:/ 1987:8 1982:7 1796:/ 1649:/ 1550:e 1543:t 1536:v 1074:e 1067:t 1060:v 951:. 913:. 871:. 847:. 796:: 758:. 737:. 715:. 691:. 399:(

Index

operating systems
Linux kernel
embedded systems
consumer electronics
set-top boxes
smart TVs
personal video recorders
in-vehicle infotainment
networking
routers
switches
wireless access points
wireless routers
machine control
industrial automation
navigation equipment
spacecraft flight software
medical instruments
versatility
in mobile devices
touchscreen
smartphones
tablets
personal digital assistants
portable media players
Graphical user interface
microcontrollers
command line interfaces
ported
CPUs

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.