87:
455:(Ukrainian Parliament) ratified both the START treaty and the Protocol in its parliamentary statement adopted at a closed door session where also were put forth conditions under which Ukraine may join the Non-Proliferation Treaty as well as list of issues that must become a subject of further negotiations. Following negotiations between Russia, Ukraine, and the United States, on 14 January 1994 there was signed the Trilateral declaration of presidents of Russia, United States, and Ukraine which was a road map on implementation of the START treaty. Right before the trilateral negotiations, procedural compliance within the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was further proscribed in bilateral Russia–Ukraine treaties (better known as
366:
nuclear weapons to Russia by May 1995. Both
Belarus and Ukraine resisted full implementation of the protocol during the 1990s, wishing to retain a nuclear deterrent force or a diplomatic bargaining chip. However, Belarus was economically dependent on Russia and eventually carried out its agreement to transfer all nuclear weapons to Russia. Like Kazakhstan, Ukraine eventually agreed to surrender its nuclear weapons in exchange for security guarantees, military aid, financial assistance, and compensation from the United States and Russia. Implementation of the Lisbon Protocol was complete when both Belarus and Ukraine had surrendered their nuclear weapons to Russia by the end of 1996.
75:
99:
123:
111:
365:
Kazakhstan's government was more interested in focusing resources on the country's development rather than on maintenance of a nuclear arsenal. In return for security guarantees, military aid, and financial assistance and compensation from the United States and Russia, Kazakhstan had surrendered all
305:
Each Party shall ratify the Treaty together with this
Protocol in accordance with its own constitutional procedures. The Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine shall exchange instruments of ratification with the United States of America. The Treaty shall
180:
on 26 December 1991, the
Russian representative had already assumed the former Soviet seat in the UN headquarters on 25 December 1991. One of the issues was the fate of its nuclear weapons. Most were in the territory of Russia, but some were in the territories of Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. In
265:
For inspections and continuous monitoring activities on the territory of the
Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, or Ukraine, that state shall provide communications from the inspection site or continuous monitoring site to the Embassy of the United States in the
358:
Although
Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan had signed the protocol in May 1992, each state had to ratify and implement both the protocol and the Treaty. In Belarus and Ukraine, there was some resistance to giving up nuclear arms. However, on 5 December 1994, all signatories to the Lisbon Protocol
261:
For purposes of Treaty implementation, the phrase, "national territory," when used in the Treaty to refer to the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics, shall be interpreted to mean the combined national territories of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and
248:
shall make such arrangements among themselves as are required to implement the Treaty's limits and restrictions; to allow functioning of the verification provisions of the Treaty equally and consistently throughout the territory of the
Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian
269:
For purposes of Treaty implementation, the embassy of the
Inspecting Party referred to in Section XVI of the Protocol on Inspections and Continuous Monitoring Activities Relating to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and
421:
as a country-participant that does not possess nuclear weapon. While there was no specific timeframe, the document stipulated to ratify the treaty in the shortest time possible. The Lisbon
Protocol provided that Ukraine equally with all its parties including the
282:
Representatives of the
Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine will participate in the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission on a basis to be worked out consistent with Article I of this Protocol.
570:
611:'Federation of American Scientists: Congressional Research Service Reports': Amy F. Woolf, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division, "Nuclear Weapons in the Former Soviet Union: Location, Command, and Control" Updated 27 November 1996
392:
During the signing of the protocol Ukraine was concerned with numerous armed conflicts that took place throughout territory of the recently dissolved Soviet Union on pretence of local inter-ethnic skirmishes such as
416:
which was signed between United States and Soviet Union, Ukraine was recognized as one of successors of the Soviet Union. According to Article V of the Protocol, Ukraine had to make a commitment to join the
258:
For purposes of Treaty implementation, the phrase, "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" shall be interpreted to mean the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine.
295:
of 1 July 1968 as non-nuclear weapon states Parties in the shortest possible time, and shall begin immediately to take all necessary action to this end in accordance with their constitutional practices.
567:
270:
Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms shall be construed to be the embassy of the respective state in Washington or the embassy of the United States of America in the respective capital.
542:
418:
292:
829:
736:
568:
http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/treaties-between-united-states-america-and-union-soviet-socialist-republics-strategic-offensive-reductions-start-i-start-ii/
941:
383:
982:
493:
318:
Done at Lisbon on 23 May 1992, in five copies, each in the Belarusian, English, Kazakh, Russian, and Ukrainian languages, all texts being equally authentic.
846:
434:
672:
433:
Even before signing of the Lisbon Protocol, Ukraine has made several official declarations about its intent to become nuclear-free state among which are
841:
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17:
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in connection with the Treaty, shall assume the obligations of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under the Treaty.
997:
872:
773:
763:
468:
427:
177:
972:
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768:
1002:
992:
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987:
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fell through and concurrently with it the Russian parliamentary committees initiated revision of legal grounds of the
309:
This Protocol shall be an integral part of the Treaty and shall remain in force throughout the duration of the Treaty.
962:
877:
188:
The signing of Protocol was taken place during the ongoing process of reorganization of former Soviet Union into
445:
714:
749:
673:
Non-nuclear status of Ukraine: past, present, future (Без’ядерний статус України: минуле, сучасне, майбутнє)
586:
406:
237:
209:
401:, and others. Also on 11 January 1992 negotiations between Ukraine and the Russian Federations about the
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329:
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233:
205:
936:
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667:
379:
931:
677:
347:
241:
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437:(Article IX) as well as separate Law of Ukraine. After signing the protocol, on 1 October 1992
456:
375:
323:
193:
897:
798:
407:
1954 Ukase of Presidium of the Soviet Supreme Soviet about transferring of Crimea to Ukraine
398:
902:
892:
836:
608:
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441:
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341:
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becomes a participant of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty and has to ratify it. After
705:
452:
335:
956:
689:
423:
291:
The Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Ukraine shall adhere to the
128:
882:
488:
362:
Russia was also able to ratify START I as the successor state to the Soviet Union.
306:
enter into force on the date of the final exchange of instruments of ratification.
701:
692:// Non-nuclear decision (Не-Ядерне рішення). Ukrayina Moloda. 16 December 2014
601:
157:
92:
192:(CIS) and creation of Joint Armed Forces of the CIS following the signing of
702:
Trilateral declaration of presidents of Russia, United States, and Ukraine
384:
Trilateral declaration of presidents of Russia, United States, and Ukraine
359:
exchanged instruments of ratification, and the agreement came into force.
587:
http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/kazakhstans-nuclear-ambitions
430:, on territory of Ukraine was located 17% of the Soviet nuclear arsenal.
273:
The working languages for Treaty activities shall be English and Russian.
54:
620:
517:
498:
478:
413:
245:
217:
182:
165:
153:
149:
141:
116:
80:
32:
589:'Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists': "Kazakhstan's Nuclear Ambitions"
145:
104:
50:
641:// Anatomy of the undeclared war (Анатомія неоголошеної війни). 1997
623:
Arms Control Association website: "The Lisbon Protocol at a Glance"
164:
and all of them assume obligations of the Soviet Union under the
16:
This article is about the 1992 treaty. For the 1887 treaty, see
718:
168:. The protocol was signed in Lisbon, Portugal, on 23 May 1992.
638:
A step forward, two steps back (Крок уперед, два кроки назад)
448:
Ukraine's intent to acquire the status of non-nuclear state.
690:
Position of intelligence or force (Позиція розуму чи сили?)
543:"End of the Soviet Union: Soviet U.N. Seat Taken by Russia"
577:
Nuclear Threat Initiative page on the Lisbon Protocol
160:
that recognized the four states as successors of the
911:
865:
817:
756:
68:
60:
46:
38:
30:
419:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
293:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
249:Federation, and Ukraine; and to allocate costs.
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942:List of sovereign states by date of formation
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494:List of weapons of mass destruction treaties
144:was a document signed by representatives of
25:
847:Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine
825:Universals of the Ukrainian Central Council
602:https://fas.org/spp/starwars/crs/91-144.htm
435:Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine
181:July 1991, the Soviet Union had signed the
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24:
842:Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state
597:
595:
520:from the Arms Control Association website
510:
532:from the U.S. State Department website
779:1990 Ukrainian parliamentary election
7:
621:http://www.armscontrol.org/node/3289
518:http://www.armscontrol.org/node/3289
220:, as successor states of the former
983:Treaties entered into force in 1994
222:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
162:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
388:Commonwealth of Independent States
346:For the United States of America:
190:Commonwealth of Independent States
14:
474:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
328:For the Republic of Kazakhstan:
121:
109:
97:
85:
73:
31:The Lisbon Protocol to the 1991
18:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1023:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1018:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
774:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
479:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
469:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
428:dissolution of the Soviet Union
414:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
142:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
33:Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
746:1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution
1:
1008:Treaties of the United States
549:. 25 December 1991. p. 6
322:For the Republic of Belarus:
873:People's Movement of Ukraine
764:1990s Donbas miners' strikes
334:For the Russian Federation:
185:nuclear disarmament treaty.
1013:Nuclear technology treaties
919:Independence Day of Ukraine
866:Political groups and people
852:Declaration of Independence
484:Nuclear weapons and Ukraine
395:1991–1992 South Ossetia War
1039:
978:Treaties concluded in 1992
373:
15:
927:
809:International recognition
769:United Nations membership
573:24 December 2015 at the
446:46th UN General Assembly
804:Independence referendum
750:independence of Ukraine
314:Signing of the protocol
998:Treaties of Kazakhstan
789:Sovereignty referendum
238:Republic of Kazakhstan
210:Republic of Kazakhstan
178:Soviet Union dissolved
973:Nuclear proliferation
968:Arms control treaties
607:21 March 2016 at the
374:Further information:
888:Viacheslav Chornovil
451:On 18 November 1993
194:Alma-Ata Declaration
1003:Treaties of Ukraine
993:Treaties of Belarus
937:Politics of Ukraine
794:Chicken Kiev speech
668:Volodymyr Vasylenko
380:Budapest Memorandum
266:respective capital.
234:Republic of Belarus
206:Republic of Belarus
27:
988:Treaties of Russia
932:History of Ukraine
678:The Ukrainian Week
348:James A. Baker III
242:Russian Federation
214:Russian Federation
950:
949:
457:Massandra Accords
376:Massandra Accords
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963:1992 in Portugal
898:Levko Lukyanenko
830:Fourth Universal
799:Belovezh Accords
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680:. 31 May 2018
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837:Act of Unity
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551:. Retrieved
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140:to the 1991
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412:Within the
330:T. Zhukeyev
253:Article III
69:Signatories
42:23 May 1992
957:Categories
553:2 December
505:References
336:A. Kozyrev
300:Article VI
278:Article IV
228:Article II
172:Background
158:Kazakhstan
93:Kazakhstan
818:Documents
439:President
342:A. Zlenko
287:Article V
200:Article I
176:When the
61:Effective
605:Archived
571:Archived
463:See also
262:Ukraine.
55:Portugal
47:Location
499:START I
370:Ukraine
246:Ukraine
218:Ukraine
183:START I
154:Ukraine
150:Belarus
117:Ukraine
81:Belarus
757:Events
386:; and
244:, and
240:, the
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216:, and
212:, the
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156:, and
146:Russia
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