Knowledge (XXG)

List of Polish inventors and discoverers

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Dr. Ludwik Gross, who influenced cancer research by showing that viruses could cause cancers in animals, died on Monday at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx. He was 94 and lived in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. The cause was stomach cancer, said his daughter, Dr. Augusta H.
1047:, who found an approximation of π today called the Kochański's Approximation. He also suggested replacing the clock's pendulum with a spring, constructed a clock with a magnetic pendulum, and was the author of the world's first systematic paper on the construction of clocks. 3372: 3767: 2192:
Achmatowicz, O.; Bukowski, P.; Szechner, B.; Zwierzchowska, Z.; Zamojski, A. (1 January 1971). "Synthesis of methyl 2,3-dideoxy-DL-alk-2-enopyranosides from furan compounds: A general approach to the total synthesis of monosaccharides".
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cosmetics company, popularized the term "make-up", had perfected the first cosmetic specifically created for motion picture use—a thinner greasepaint in cream form and largely developed the modern cosmetics industry in the United
5214: 3759: 5199: 3225: 3819: 3908: 526:: physician, the first one to note a relationship between the sedimentation rate of red blood cells in a human blood sample and the general condition of the organism. This method is now known as the 2544: 3174: 3931: 3506: 2085:) to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapour) (1833). 1447:) to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapour) (1833). 4383: 4676: 3646: 3562:
Wang, Jin-Shan; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof (May 1995). "Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. Atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes".
4505: 3483: 5135: 4749: 4209: 3283: 2938: 3841: 3671: 1748:: professor of medicine and personal doctor of Polish kings, who was among the first to provide a visual representation of the human pulse and used it for diagnostic purposes. 4596: 4179: 3249: 5251: 5130: 1646:: surgeon, who performed the first in Poland and second in the world successful surgical removal of the pylorus in a patient suffering from stomach cancer, and the first 5259: 5140: 3411: 2369: 5204: 5094: 4780: 3222: 2513: 4023: 4896: 4891: 78: 2846: 2315: 5377: 5264: 5119: 5067: 4985: 3798: 2692: 543:
as a peninsula, as until then it was believed to be an island, and the first in Europe to establish the factual location of a number of Chinese cities and the
146: 5109: 5052: 5020: 4990: 4901: 4353: 3900: 1712:, a work that served as the principal artillery manual in Europe from the mid-16th to the mid-18th centuries, also containing the first printed design of a 5296: 5057: 5010: 5005: 4960: 4950: 4928: 4916: 4906: 4886: 4871: 4293: 2752: 1833: 5321: 5276: 5271: 5099: 5089: 5025: 5000: 4995: 4933: 4911: 3083: 2536: 3166: 2630: 5336: 5331: 5062: 5030: 5015: 4980: 4970: 4965: 2142: 4149: 3033: 5301: 5104: 5035: 4975: 4955: 4921: 4535: 1877:
concrete block widely used in the construction of roads in Poland due to its low cost and durability, becoming a synonym for sidewalks made of them.
2482: 5346: 5284: 5114: 3877: 3313: 4715: 4421: 3444: 3349: 570: 5382: 5147: 4376: 3066: 1591: 1538: 735: 4669: 3706: 3639: 3540: 4850: 1372: 4233:"Thermophilic Bacteria Strictly Obey Szybalski's Transcription Direction Rule and Politely Purine-Load RNAs with Both Adenine and Guanine" 4118: 3737: 2661: 1772:: inventor, with several hundred patents and over 50 discoveries to his name; his inventions founded ground for radio and TV broadcasting. 4471: 4497: 3143: 2815: 653: 3479: 5182: 4741: 4627: 4328: 4201: 3275: 2928: 3678: 1426:: engineer and pioneer of aviation, the first person to fly an airplane in the Arctic and the first aviator to perform a loop with a 5236: 5172: 4881: 4417: 4088: 4052: 3960:
Gudmundsson S. (2013). "General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures" (Reprint). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 489.
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and other chemical compounds, and discovered that air is not a single substance and contains a life-giving substance—later called
506:. He was the author of several patented inventions in the area of off-the-road vehicles, including those for extraterrestrial use. 4565: 3981: 2722: 2170: 1533:
and reformer of the American cavalry. He distinguished himself throughout the revolution, most notably when he saved the life of
2782: 2229: 5189: 5077: 2004: 958: 3403: 2361: 1943: 5084: 3965: 2605: 2137: 1470:: astronomer, credited with the development of a new method of detecting space objects and establishing their mass using the 1074: 606: 273: 4772: 1674:
controls hormone production and release by the pituitary gland, which controls the regulation of other hormones in the body.
2505: 726:: a photographer, created an isohelia technology, a technique that sharpens contrasts and defines three-dimensional images. 5311: 4711: 4016: 4002: 2058: 1931: 440: 3003: 1722:: transplant surgeon and scientist who led a team of eight surgeons through the world's first near-total face transplant. 1180:. Kudelski received prestigious Oscar Awards in 1965, 1977, 1978, and 1990. He also won two Emmy Awards in 1984 and 1986. 5194: 5177: 1552: 1100: 920: 180: 2905: 1858: 5367: 5226: 5209: 4943: 2838: 2307: 2054: 1490: 371: 3932:"Marian Rejewski – Meet the Polish Cryptographer Who Cracked Germany's Top-Secret Enigma Code Seven Years Before WW2" 3790: 2684: 5045: 4938: 4320: 3335: 1544: 1526: 1319: 1070: 1040: 743: 290: 4345: 3820:
HISTORY OF AUSTRALIAN ASTRONOMY: From the Sun to the Universe - The Woolley and Bok Directorships at Mount Stromlo
5372: 5341: 5326: 5306: 5040: 968: 400:: scientist and explorer. Living in exile for a large part of his life, he was one of the first persons to reach 4281: 3025: 4843: 2744: 1975: 1735: 1169: 357: 3110: 950: 261: 5289: 5219: 4863: 2622: 1902: 1888: 1862: 1812: 1481: 1368: 1302: 1294: 739: 717: 479: 52: 1959: 1244:
magazine declared beat the wall to get the greatest achievement of mountaineering in the twentieth century.
4141: 1958:, he found that Teller's "Super" design was unworkable. In January 1951, Ulam and Teller came up with the 1955: 1705: 1613: 1530: 1450: 1392: 1082: 713: 672: 4527: 732:: engineer and inventor, built the first submarine in the world with electric battery-powered propulsion. 5167: 5072: 2474: 1739: 1640:
in 1930, which is an aircraft tail configuration that combines the rudder and elevators into one system.
1609: 1605: 1247: 1026: 906: 882: 574: 454: 387: 67: 3305: 2078: 1444: 1268: 1050: 431:: considered one of the world's most important and influential 20th-century mathematicians, creator of 339: 215: 4702: 3869: 4409: 3436: 2103: 2068: 1963: 1574: 1556: 1378: 1118: 1096: 1062: 1011: 910: 786: 723: 483: 391: 347: 294: 154: 3339: 3167:"Józef Kosacki. Wynalazek Polaka pomógł aliantom wygrać II wojnę światową, uratował tysiące istnień" 2027:: regarded as one of the greatest mountaineers in history. He performed the first winter ascents on 961:; in 1978 Jabłońska and Gerard Orth discovered HPV-5 in skin cancer; Jabłońska was awarded the 1985 516:
friar, explorer, and interpreter, participant of the pioneering European trip to the capital of the
4836: 1979: 1845: 1841: 1799: 1775: 1751: 1729: 1677: 1650: 1467: 1406: 1240: 986: 902: 813:: physical chemist, pioneer in the science of radioactivity and the discoverer of chemical element 682: 632: 622: 585: 544: 436: 336:, a mechanical analog computing device for plotting the integral of a graphically defined function. 86: 22: 539:: 17th-century Jesuit missionary, scientist and explorer, who was the first in Europe to describe 234: 4083: 3701: 3696: 3536: 3233: 2995: 2897: 2024: 1971: 1967: 1795: 1779: 1745: 1633: 1587: 1471: 1255: 892: 640: 527: 509: 139: 4810: 2569:
Danysz, M.; Pniewski, J. (March 1953). "Delayed disintegration of a heavy nuclear fragment: I".
1290: 1007: 450: 447:(Theory of Linear Operations), the first monograph on the general theory of functional analysis. 368:
and management science. In 1925 Adamiecki founded the Polish Institute of Scientific Management.
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Donachie, Stuart P. (1 January 1994). "Henryk Arctowski station: Mixing science and tourism".
2249: 2210: 2008: 1935: 1892: 1713: 1695: 1566: 1534: 1396: 1346: 1315: 1126: 1114: 1030: 962: 729: 660: 644: 635:(Mikołaj Kopernik): mathematician, physician, translator, diplomat. Most commonly known as an 343: 329: 298: 269: 150: 120: 3135: 2807: 482:: co-authored the general idea and vitally contributed to the design and construction of the 4252: 4244: 3850: 3610: 3602: 3571: 2977: 2881: 2578: 2280: 2241: 2230:"Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz: the discoverer of the variable vascularity of the spinal cord" 2202: 2119: 2113: 2017:: biologist, physician and inventor, known for creating the first effective vaccine against 1815:: writer, physician, chemist, biologist and philosopher. He was the first person who linked 1763: 1522: 1486: 1354: 1223: 1209: 1183: 1177: 1142: 1132: 1122: 1092: 1066: 1019: 1015: 982: 953:: physician; in 1972 Jabłońska proposed the association of the human papilloma viruses with 810: 747: 578: 523: 461: 397: 383: 204: 184: 169: 158: 71: 4047:
Vanda Sendzimir: Steel will: the life of Tad Sendzimir. Nowy Jork: Hippocrene Books, 1994.
2257: 3985: 3253: 3229: 2082: 2062: 2042: 2018: 2007:, one of the biggest and most successful media corporations in the world being one of the 1951: 1884: 1837: 1820: 1791: 1755: 1719: 1643: 1619: 1601: 1518: 1506: 1440: 1350: 1332: 1234:, one of the alpine style climbing pioneers, after climbing through the "Shining Wall" on 1146: 978: 916: 864: 761: 678: 564: 422: 418: 353: 238: 230: 135: 4078: 1754:: explorer most commonly known for his early explorations of Australia, particularly the 1423: 753: 560: 286:
Entertainment Inc. places itself among the most successful media companies in the world.
3839:(1999). "Tadeus Reichstein. 20 July 1897 -- 1 August 1996: Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1952". 3615: 3590: 2933: 2395: 2109: 2095: 1996: 1927: 1769: 1725: 1663: 1629: 1623: 1496: 1395:: explorer, zoologist and botanist, who discovered 60 species of plants and animals in 1362: 1231: 1227: 1205: 1201: 1110: 1086: 799: 550: 536: 469: 465: 312: 279: 265: 250: 131: 4557: 4257: 4232: 3978: 3606: 2714: 2206: 2162: 5361: 4643: 4443: 2999: 2774: 2449: 2338: 2284: 2245: 2132: 2032: 2028: 2000: 1939: 1699: 1386: 1340: 1272: 1235: 1136: 1078: 1058: 933: 878: 854:
originally calling them "vital amins"/"vit- amins" discovered first vitamins, i.e B1
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took an attempt to create a worldwide-spoken language, resulting in the invention of
301: 242: 188: 101: 82: 1622:: mathematician and cryptologist who reconstructed the sight-unseen German military 93: 3373:"IGNACY ŁUKASIEWICZ: INVENTOR OF THE KEROSENE LAMP AND FOUNDER OF THE OIL INDUSTRY" 2901: 2014: 1992: 1947: 1880: 1680:: pioneer of chemistry, who developed ways of purification and creation of various 1671: 1647: 1500: 1477: 1358: 1349:: mathematician of Polish descent, known for developing a theory of "roughness and 1343:
and one of the authors of his company success in the fields of radio communication.
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played a vital part in the development the first nuclear bomb being as part of the
254: 246: 219: 173: 1381:: surgeon, inventor of new operating techniques and tools, one of the pioneers of 211: 3247:
Tadeusz Krwawicz - Distinguished Ophthalmologist and Polish Scientist (1910-1988)
3901:"We broke Enigma before Alan Turing, says Poland as it opens codebreaker museum" 3344: 1906: 1896: 1823: 1667: 1454: 1427: 1382: 1150: 954: 868: 824: 782: 626: 610: 598: 554: 379: 375: 361: 308: 116: 97: 38: 2571:
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
165: 2965: 2582: 2072: 2050: 1910: 1787: 1783: 1570: 1514: 1298: 1251: 1135:: virologist and immunologist, who developed the world's first effective live 1044: 972: 937: 847: 803: 664: 636: 513: 401: 195: 124: 26: 4828: 4803:"lernu.net – Wielojęzyczna strona do nauki międzynarodowego języka Esperanto" 4467: 3760:"Janusz Pawliszyn receives the Chemical Institute of Canada's highest honour" 2537:"Scientist who laid the foundations for Silicon Valley honoured at long last" 2292: 2214: 625:, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the 4859: 4498:"Jack Tramiel, Father Of Commodore 64 And An Auschwitz Survivor, Dies At 83" 3276:"5 Polish inventions that revolutionized the world and you didn't notice it" 2870:"Casimir Funk: his discovery of the vitamins and their deficiency disorders" 2869: 2099: 2046: 1914: 1827: 1595: 1560: 1548: 1022: 618: 533:
Michał Borysiekiewicz: invented the first "electronic eye" for blind people.
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designed the first electric-powered submarine, built in 1881 and now in the
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lernu.net – Wielojęzyczna strona do nauki międzynarodowego języka Esperanto
4266: 3854: 3624: 3507:"He graduated from WUT in Poland and invented the Walkie-Talkie in America" 3209: 3106: 2991: 2893: 2868:
Piro, A.; Tagarelli, G.; Lagonia, P.; Tagarelli, A.; Quattrone, A. (2010).
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Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96
1868: 1759: 1510: 1410: 1400: 1336: 1280: 1121:. He also proposed the idea of gnostic neurons, a concept similar to the 851: 757: 109: 34: 4742:"The Monk Who Stopped Bullets with Silk: Inventing the Bulletproof Vest" 4248: 3575: 3088:
and its pathogenetic role in peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer"
3026:"Zmarła prof. Stefania Jabłońska, wybitny dermatolog i stypendystka WHO" 2982: 1874: 1816: 1191: 1187: 769: 686: 614: 61: 2885: 2564: 2562: 1612:
in the country, and in June 1995 he was the first surgeon to graft an
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recognition. In 1971, he designed one of the first minicomputers, the
867:: Polish-American inventor who in 1923 created the first contemporary 716:: psychologist, psychiatrist, and physician, author of the theory of " 553:: managed to put into operation one of the first steam engines in the 4202:"Passing of Dr Waclaw Tadeusz Szybalski, the Founding Editor of Gene" 4017:""MICHAEL SENDIVOGIUS, ROSICRUCIAN, and FATHER OF STUDIES OF OXYGEN"" 2036: 1689: 1670:
laureate (1977) whose research contributed to the discovery that the
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in Poland, he led the team that performed the first successful heart
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God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present
2122:: geologist and inventor. Pioneer of oil extraction from sea bottom. 1555:
brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema projector for the
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was an important contribution to the development of modern clinical
2163:"Bruno-abakanowicz biography, list of Bruno-abakanowicz inventions" 1636:
and pilot. He is best known for his inventing and patenting of the
613:, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences – 1685: 1594:
laureate (1950), who was awarded for his work on the isolation of
1326: 1157: 1034: 540: 225: 30: 4589:"Scaling the World's Most Lethal Mountain, in the Dead of Winter" 3591:"A history of the medical mask and the rise of throwaway culture" 3480:"Polish-born Trans-Andean Railway constructor born 200 years ago" 1905:: entrepreneur, founder of the most prestigious movie theater in 919:: military engineer, inventor and tank designer, inventor of the 3404:"Ignacy Łukasiewicz: The Generous Inventor of the Kerosene Lamp" 3055:
Crissey, John Thorne; Lawrence C. Parish; Karl Holubar. (2013).
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and for independently predicting the existence of the so-called
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Zamenhof: The Life, Works, and Ideas of the Author of Esperanto
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Zieliński, K. (2006). "Jerzy Konorski on brain associations".
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was one of the first people to reach Antarctica during winter.
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and of Polish origin, and also people of predominantly Polish
2966:"Professor Ryszard Jerzy Gryglewski (1932–2023): in memoriam" 2450:"Split and join for minimizing : Brzozowski's algorithm" 2392:"Achievements of Polish Scientists in the Technical Sciences" 1212:
including three as first ascents, established a new route on
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series of professional audio recorders later sold to British
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Teresa Kowalik and Przemysław Słowiński (10 December 2020).
2929:"Ludwik Gross, a Trailblazer in Cancer Research, Dies at 94" 2506:"The Hypnotising Polish Scientist Who Discovered Adrenaline" 1708:: military engineer, one of pioneers of rocketry, author of 971:: scientist, naturalist and inventor, one of the fathers of 850:, the first to formulate (1912) the concept and the term of 621:. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the 4670:"POLISH PHYSICISTS AND THE PROGRESS IN PHYSICS (1870‒1920)" 3640:"POLISH PHYSICISTS AND THE PROGRESS IN PHYSICS (1870‒1920)" 1982:, he proved some theorems and proposed several conjectures. 1301:
as well as by Computers in order to determine the order of
1213: 746:(ANS), a family of entropy encoding methods widely used in 649:
the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe
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Jacek Jawień and Janusz Marcinkiewicz (27 February 2023).
899:(1976), which set off many further scientific discoveries. 3697:"Bohdan Paczynski, Pioneering Astrophysicist, Dies at 67" 2419:"Made in Poland: The Women and Men Who Changed the World" 609:
to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to
2654:"Alarm raised after Microsoft wins data-encoding patent" 1537:. One of only eight people in the history to be awarded 2362:"Michał Boym – pierwszy polski sinolog, ambasador Chin" 1453:: engineer and inventor, co-creator of modern electric 1409:: Polish-Russian military officer, built world's first 1156:
Stefan Kudelski: audio engineer known for creating the
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and published those findings in 1899 in a book titled
56:. The following incomplete list comprises people from 4802: 4773:"A Priest's Early Quest to Create a Bulletproof Vest" 2745:"Quantum cryptography pioneer Artur Ekert recognised" 2394:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Poland. Archived from 1559:
company, as well as invent the widely used hand-held
1176:, but also plenty of radio stations including famous 833:: chemist, entrepreneur, one of the inventors of the 404:
during winter and became an internationally renowned
3842:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia
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in Poland who made one of the first observations of
5235: 5158: 4870: 4710:. Translated by Ian M. Richmond. Washington, D.C.: 1819:to lack of sunlight (1822). He also created modern 1385:and aseptic techniques. He is also the inventor of 1117:, discoverer of secondary conditioned reflexes and 4450:[Trylinka: A monument of road technology] 4375:Yuri Ts. Oganessian and Krzysztof P. Rykaczewski. 3058:Historical Atlas of Dermatology and Dermatologists 1762:. Climbed and named the highest Australian peak – 1208:, the second man in history to climb all fourteen 1053:: Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian and American war 4558:"Stanislaw Ulam | Biography, Facts, & Spiral" 4344:Bill Myers and Jörgen Randrup (9 November 2010). 3870:"The history of a picture that changed the world" 3791:"Polak potrafi – 10 wielkich polskich wynalazców" 2839:"Kazimierz Funk: The man who discovered vitamins" 1318:: civil engineer best known for constructing the 905:: mathematician and logician, who introduced the 895:: physician and pharmacologist. He co-discovered 2057:; she's credited with formulating the theory of 1895:after he purchased the remnants of the original 1616:created from materials taken from human corpses. 1480:: pioneer in watchmaking and the creator of the 889:— capable of causing cancers in laboratory mice. 768:and designed the first successful movable-frame 4282:"Droga pod słońce. Wczesna historia witaminy D" 4003:"Nobel laureate not one to rest on his laurels" 2339:"Manned vehicles to the Moon and Mars research" 1335:: a telecommunications engineer who worked for 4140:Karolina Dzimira-Zarzycka (20 December 2018). 573:: computer scientist known for developing the 199:Ball and stick model of a single layer of the 4844: 4644:"Mieczysław Wolfke - a pioneer of holography" 4142:"Paweł Edmund Strzelecki – Intrepid Explorer" 2598:Encyclopedia of Twentieth-century Photography 1836:: physicist noted for pioneering research in 1339:in Chicago. He was the inventor of the first 657:(On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres). 453:: pioneer and the specialist in the field of 8: 1866: 1728:: mathematician, specialist in the field of 1018:. He became a developer of one of the first 374:: pathologist. His research of the variable 1742:, topography machine, agriculture machines. 187:developed the world's first effective live 4851: 4837: 4829: 3795:Blog Surge Polonia – Historia i patriotyzm 1329:, the world's highest railway at the time. 1099:, a first man-portable device used by the 877:: virologist. He discovered two different 203:crystal structure. Kevlar was invented by 4256: 3822:, by A. R. Hyland and D. J. Faulkner; in 3614: 3437:"Polscy wynalazcy – Wynalazki i odkrycia" 3340:"Earth's dust cloud satellites confirmed" 2981: 2417:Varvounis, Miltiades (14 December 2016). 2143:Timeline of Polish science and technology 584:Tytus Liwiusz Burattini: inventor of the 4377:"A Beachhead on the Island of Stability" 3564:Journal of the American Chemical Society 3469:. Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 213. 1275:, designed and built both world's first 307: 289: 278: 260: 210: 194: 179: 164: 145: 130: 115: 92: 77: 66: 64:, in alphabetical order of the surname. 17: 4077:Lawrence K. altman (17 December 2007). 2228:Skalski JH, Zembala M (November 2005). 2154: 460:Jan Józef Baranowski: took part in the 435:. He was one of the founders of modern 297:is credited with discovering the first 4172:"Jan Szczepanik aka the Polish Edison" 4079:"First U.S. Face Transplant Described" 3061:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 178. 1547:: patented the first film camera, the 4568:from the original on 14 December 2018 4448:"Trylinka: Zabytek techniki drogowej" 4424:from the original on 29 November 2022 3801:from the original on 11 December 2018 3728:Agnieszka Warnke (20 December 2020). 3672:"Beginnings of submerged arc welding" 3447:from the original on 14 December 2018 3431: 3429: 3352:from the original on 21 November 2020 3286:from the original on 14 December 2018 3274:Klimczak, Natalia (5 February 2017). 2941:from the original on 22 November 2022 2173:from the original on 14 December 2018 1950:. With the aid of a cadre of female " 1887:businessman, best known for founding 1592:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 923:also known as the Gundlach Periscope. 356:: management theorist. Together with 85:is regarded as the founder of modern 7: 5378:Lists of Polish people by occupation 4740:Wojciech Oleksiak (4 January 2017). 4528:"TUSCHINSKI, Abram Icek (1886-1942)" 4477:from the original on 9 December 2012 4346:"Obituary of Władysław J. Świątecki" 3589:Strasser BJ, Schlich T (July 2020). 3537:"Remembering the Father of Fractals" 3204:(1): 75–84, discussion 85–90, 95–7. 3146:from the original on 15 January 2023 2970:Polish Archives of Internal Medicine 2927:Altman, Lawrence K. (22 July 1999). 2874:Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2785:from the original on 13 October 2022 2372:from the original on 1 December 2017 1373:atom transfer radical polymerization 785:: physicist; one of the pioneers of 738:: computer scientist, a graduate of 443:. His major work was the 1932 book, 4496:Krishnadev Calamur (9 April 2012). 3930:Eilidh McGinness (4 October 2018). 3899:Maria Wilczek (24 September 2021). 3543:from the original on 8 January 2018 2652:Thomas Claburn (17 February 2022). 2623:"Stefan Drzewiecki, Submarine Tsar" 1710:Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima 1353:" and significant contributions to 1089:and acted as the Supreme Commander. 909:, a hierarchy of functions used in 654:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium 601:: conducted pioneering research on 4872:Lists of inventions or discoveries 4752:from the original on 15 April 2023 4721:from the original on 11 April 2021 4682:from the original on 30 April 2023 4389:from the original on 30 April 2023 4356:from the original on 30 April 2023 4296:from the original on 30 April 2023 4121:from the original on 27 March 2023 4091:from the original on 27 April 2021 3880:from the original on 17 April 2023 3770:from the original on 26 April 2023 3730:"Antoni Patek – A Timeless Genius" 3652:from the original on 30 April 2023 3316:from the original on 27 March 2023 3198:Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 2908:from the original on 22 April 2023 2818:from the original on 27 March 2023 2695:from the original on 30 April 2023 2664:from the original on 30 April 2023 2633:from the original on 30 April 2023 2485:from the original on 30 March 2023 2318:from the original on 30 April 2023 2045:: linguist; known for her work in 1930:: mathematician, representing the 1539:honorary United States citizenship 1529:, the creator and the head of the 249:who worked at breaking the German 14: 5237:Lists of inventors or discoverers 4538:from the original on 9 April 2023 4418:Institute of National Remembrance 3868:Mihai, Andrei (4 February 2015). 2621:Amorina Kingdon (22 April 2015). 760:who discovered the phenomenon of 421:: neurologist, discoverer of the 100:conducted pioneering research on 4813:from the original on 14 May 2022 4212:from the original on 10 May 2023 3789:Rybacki, Darek (18 April 2016). 3709:from the original on 5 June 2015 3371:Piotr Bejrowski (8 March 2023). 3036:from the original on 10 May 2017 3006:from the original on 14 May 2023 2685:"Sex Determination in Honeybees" 2246:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.06.022 2081:: chemist: the first (alongside 1443:: chemist, the first (alongside 445:Théorie des opérations linéaires 439:, and an original member of the 4783:from the original on 5 May 2023 4599:from the original on 6 May 2023 4508:from the original on 5 May 2023 4182:from the original on 4 May 2023 4152:from the original on 6 May 2023 4029:from the original on 8 May 2020 3942:from the original on 2 May 2023 3911:from the original on 5 May 2023 3740:from the original on 5 May 2023 3695:Jeremy Pearce (26 April 2007). 3517:from the original on 3 May 2023 3511:Warsaw University of Technology 3486:from the original on 3 May 2023 3414:from the original on 4 May 2023 3383:from the original on 5 May 2023 3177:from the original on 4 May 2023 2849:from the original on 7 May 2023 2837:Matt Fahrenholz (3 June 2018). 2755:from the original on 4 May 2023 2725:from the original on 6 May 2023 2547:from the original on 2 May 2023 2516:from the original on 2 May 2023 2337:Lewandowski, Krzysztof (2001). 2112:, inventor of one of the first 2005:Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 1698:: metallurgist, revolutionised 1590:: Polish-Swiss chemist and the 1499:: physicist, co-discovered the 959:epidermodysplasia verruciformis 706:: physicist, co-discovered the 663::, physiologist, discoverer of 138:is credited with inventing the 4701:Korzhenkov, Aleksandr (2009). 4587:Powell, Michael (9 May 2017). 4315:Wu-Wong, J. Ruth, ed. (2012). 2504:Marek Kępa (19 January 2012). 2308:"Joseph Babinski: a biography" 2138:List of Polish Nobel laureates 1974:of computation, and suggested 1283:. Introduced the first modern 342:.: specialist in the field of 274:Los Alamos National Laboratory 1: 4771:Scott Simon (30 April 2005). 4712:Esperantic Studies Foundation 4622:. Cambridge. pp. 69–73. 4485:– via RynekKamienia.pl. 4115:mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk 3607:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31207-1 3245:A . Skłodowska, J. Szaflik. " 3082:Konturek JW (December 2003). 2683:Tanya Gempe and Martin Beye. 2207:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)98229-8 2059:natural semantic metalanguage 1962:, which is the basis for all 1942:'s group, where he worked on 1295:RPN (Reverse Polish Notation) 1190:of Polish origin, invented a 5383:Poland history-related lists 4668:Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski. 3638:Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski. 2285:10.1016/0160-7383(94)90049-3 1966:. Discovered the concept of 1043:: mathematician, physicist, 995:Handbook of Gastric Diseases 921:Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV 685:, commonly used for growing 565:the first welded road bridge 3402:Marek Kępa (7 March 2022). 3136:"Kochanski's Approximation" 1790:. He conducted research on 1573:best known for discovering 1491:solid-phase microextraction 372:Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz 5401: 4321:Bentham Science Publishers 4317:Why Does Vitamin d Matter? 4231:Lao P, Forsdyke D (2000). 3513:. Politechnika Warzawska. 3336:Royal Astronomical Society 3084:"Discovery by Jaworski of 2273:Annals of Tourism Research 2055:cross-cultural linguistics 1995:(Bracia Wonsal): American- 1932:Lwów School of Mathematics 1527:American Revolutionary War 1371:: chemist, who discovered 1320:Ferrocarril Central Andino 1305:without using parentheses. 1071:American Revolutionary War 744:Asymmetric numeral systems 441:Lwów School of Mathematics 4618:Murphy, M. Lynne (2010). 4532:resources.huygens.knaw.nl 3262:Retrieved 2023-05-06. 3032:(in Polish). 9 May 2017. 2583:10.1080/14786440308520318 1220:called the "Polish line". 1149:who pioneered the use of 991:Podręcznik chorób żołądka 981:: one of the pioneers of 689:and in the production of 33:is not the center of the 4111:"Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus" 1976:nuclear pulse propulsion 1934:, one of the members of 1899:from its parent company. 1482:Patek Philippe & Co. 681:: chemist, invented the 358:Frederick Winslow Taylor 123:isolated and identified 4562:Encyclopædia Britannica 3990:Encyclopædia Britannica 3441:wynalazki.andrej.edu.pl 2775:"Max Factor Collection" 2715:"History of Beekeeping" 2421:. Xlibris Corporation. 1891:. Tramiel later formed 1889:Commodore International 1863:transportation engineer 1752:Paweł Edmund Strzelecki 1513:, soldier and military 1489:: chemist, inventor of 1369:Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 1303:mathematical operations 1041:Adam Adamandy Kochański 800:Maksymilian Faktorowicz 740:Jagiellonian University 718:positive disintegration 3936:militaryhistorynow.com 3855:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0030 2596:Warren, Lynne (2006). 2102:, the most successful 2011:American film studios. 1954:", including his wife 1903:Abraham Icek Tuszyński 1867: 1706:Kazimierz Siemienowicz 1666:: endocrinologist and 1531:Pulaski Cavalry Legion 1085:in Poland against the 1081:, prepared a national 969:Wojciech Jastrzębowski 673:electroencephalography 599:Maria Skłodowska-Curie 579:Brzozowski's algorithm 455:Differential equations 320: 305: 287: 276: 258: 223: 208: 192: 177: 162: 143: 128: 113: 98:Maria Skłodowska-Curie 90: 75: 42: 4410:"Tryliński Władysław" 4280:Wicha, Jerzy (2012). 4206:journals.elsevier.com 3306:"Stephanie L. Kwolek" 3228:9 August 2017 at the 3095:J. Physiol. Pharmacol 1964:Thermonuclear weapons 1944:Teller's "Super" bomb 1938:. He was assigned to 1798:and is known for the 1740:mechanical calculator 1624:Enigma cipher machine 1606:heart transplantation 1604:: a pioneer in human 1297:used in professional 1248:Kazimierz Kordylewski 1125:. He coined the term 936:: musician, invented 907:Grzegorczyk hierarchy 883:murine leukemia virus 667:, one of pioneers of 651:included in his work 575:Brzozowski derivative 563:: designed and built 388:Artery of Adamkiewicz 311: 293: 282: 264: 229: 214: 198: 183: 168: 149: 134: 119: 96: 81: 70: 21: 5178:multiple discoveries 4408:Orłowski, Bolesław. 4286:Wiadomości Chemiczne 3252:3 March 2016 at the 2719:honeybeehobbyist.com 2104:constructed language 2071:: the forerunner of 2003:origin, created the 1702:and rolling process. 1569:: Polish-Australian 1545:Kazimierz Prószyński 1472:gravitational lenses 1379:Jan Mikulicz-Radecki 1254:, discoverer of the 1164:, American stations 1119:operant conditioning 1097:Polish mine detector 1012:computer engineering 911:computability theory 787:quantum cryptography 520:in the 13th century. 484:Lunar Roving Vehicle 480:Mieczysław G. Bekker 392:Adamkiewicz reaction 348:Achmatowicz reaction 340:Osman Achmatowicz Jr 295:Aleksander Wolszczan 218:built world's first 155:Central Naval Museum 29:who discovered that 5227:Spurious inventions 5190:Historic inventions 4304:– via Infona. 4249:10.1101/gr.10.2.228 3984:14 May 2023 at the 3979:"Andrew V. Schally" 3977:Andrew V. Schally, 3766:. 31 January 2023. 3576:10.1021/ja00125a035 3539:. 22 October 2010. 3338:(26 October 2018). 3086:Helicobacter pylori 2983:10.20452/pamw.16451 2061:and the concept of 1980:applied mathematics 1956:Françoise Aron Ulam 1859:Władysław Tryliński 1846:island of stability 1842:nuclear shell model 1834:Władysław Świątecki 1730:functional analysis 1678:Michael Sendivogius 1451:Stanisław Olszewski 1407:Aleksander Możajski 1393:Ludwik Młokosiewicz 1083:Kosciuszko Uprising 987:Helicobacter pylori 903:Andrzej Grzegorczyk 714:Kazimierz Dąbrowski 683:Czochralski process 633:Nicolaus Copernicus 623:University of Paris 545:Great Wall of China 437:functional analysis 87:functional analysis 23:Nicolaus Copernicus 5368:Lists of inventors 4593:The New York Times 4084:The New York Times 3826:volume 8 (2), 1989 3702:The New York Times 3310:sciencehistory.org 3234:The New York Times 3101:(Suppl 3): 23–41. 2079:Zygmunt Wróblewski 2025:Krzysztof Wielicki 1972:Monte Carlo method 1968:cellular automaton 1960:Teller–Ulam design 1796:molecular genetics 1780:medical researcher 1746:Josephus Struthius 1738:: inventor of the 1634:aerospace engineer 1588:Tadeusz Reichstein 1445:Zygmunt Wróblewski 1269:Ignacy Łukasiewicz 1256:Kordylewski clouds 1051:Tadeusz Kościuszko 951:Stefania Jabłońska 893:Ryszard Gryglewski 528:Biernacki Reaction 510:Benedict of Poland 386:. He is known for 346:. Inventor of the 321: 306: 288: 277: 259: 253:before and during 224: 216:Ignacy Łukasiewicz 209: 193: 178: 163: 144: 140:Czochralski method 129: 114: 91: 76: 43: 5355: 5354: 5240:by country/region 4875:by country/region 3570:(20): 5614–5615. 3236:, April 20, 2013. 3171:wielkahistoria.pl 3140:Wolfram MathWorld 3068:978-1-84184-864-8 2886:10.1159/000319165 2751:. 29 April 2019. 2627:hakaimagazine.com 2260:on 14 April 2013. 2234:Ann. Thorac. Surg 2201:(10): 1973–1996. 2114:bulletproof vests 2069:Mieczysław Wolfke 1936:Manhattan Project 1893:Atari Corporation 1813:Jędrzej Śniadecki 1714:multistage rocket 1696:Tadeusz Sendzimir 1575:Przybylski's Star 1567:Antoni Przybylski 1535:George Washington 1507:Kazimierz Pułaski 1347:Benoit Mandelbrot 1316:Ernest Malinowski 1210:Eight-thousanders 1153:in ophthalmology. 1127:neural plasticity 1115:neurophysiologist 1077:state-of-the-art 1073:, creator of the 1065:, colonel in the 1063:military engineer 1025:, techniques for 963:Robert Koch Prize 802:: founder of the 730:Stefan Drzewiecki 724:Henryk Derczyński 661:Napoleon Cybulski 639:who formulated a 571:Janusz Brzozowski 344:organic chemistry 330:Bruno Abakanowicz 299:extrasolar planet 270:Manhattan Project 121:Napoleon Cybulski 5390: 5373:Polish inventors 5260:African-American 5205:Medieval Islamic 5195:Byzantine Empire 4853: 4846: 4839: 4830: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4720: 4709: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4674: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4648:researchgate.com 4640: 4634: 4633: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4476: 4453: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4388: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3993: 3975: 3969: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3833: 3827: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3684:on 4 March 2016. 3683: 3677:. 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1907:the Netherlands 1885:Polish American 1855: 1838:nuclear physics 1809: 1792:drug resistance 1756:Snowy Mountains 1720:Maria Siemionow 1660: 1644:Ludwik Rydygier 1620:Marian Rejewski 1610:transplantation 1602:Zbigniew Religa 1584: 1464: 1441:Karol Olszewski 1437: 1420: 1351:self-similarity 1333:Henryk Manguski 1312: 1291:Jan Łukasiewicz 1265: 1147:ophthalmologist 1095:: invented the 1059:military leader 1008:Jacek Karpiński 1004: 979:Walery Jaworski 947: 930: 917:Rudolf Gundlach 865:Leo Gerstenzang 861: 796: 779: 762:parthenogenesis 700: 679:Jan Czochralski 595: 451:Feliks Barański 423:Babinski reflex 419:Joseph Babinski 415: 364:the creator of 354:Karol Adamiecki 326: 313:Ludwik Zamenhof 239:Henryk Zygalski 231:Marian Rejewski 136:Jan Czochralski 104:and discovered 47:list of Polish 12: 11: 5: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5360: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5268: 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In pure and 1928:Stanisław Ulam 1923: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1900: 1878: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1840:including the 1831: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1773: 1770:Jan Szczepanik 1767: 1749: 1743: 1733: 1726:Hugo Steinhaus 1723: 1717: 1703: 1693: 1675: 1664:Andrew Schally 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1641: 1630:Jerzy Rudlicki 1627: 1617: 1599: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1564: 1542: 1504: 1497:Jerzy Pniewski 1494: 1484: 1475: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1448: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1404: 1390: 1376: 1366: 1363:Mandelbrot set 1344: 1341:Walkie-Talkies 1330: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1288: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1245: 1221: 1202:Jerzy Kukuczka 1199: 1181: 1154: 1140: 1130: 1111:Jerzy Konorski 1108: 1090: 1087:Russian Empire 1079:Fortifications 1048: 1038: 1003: 1000: 999: 998: 976: 966: 946: 943: 942: 941: 929: 926: 925: 924: 914: 900: 890: 872: 860: 857: 856: 855: 841: 828: 818: 808: 795: 792: 791: 790: 778: 775: 774: 773: 751: 733: 727: 721: 711: 699: 696: 695: 694: 676: 658: 630: 605:. She was the 594: 591: 590: 589: 582: 568: 558: 548: 534: 531: 521: 507: 486:(LRV) used by 477: 470:ticket machine 466:Railway signal 458: 448: 426: 414: 411: 410: 409: 395: 369: 351: 337: 325: 322: 266:Stanisław Ulam 251:Enigma ciphers 243:mathematicians 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5396: 5395: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4812: 4809:(in Polish). 4808: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4764: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4733: 4717: 4713: 4706: 4705: 4697: 4694: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4661: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4611: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4550: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4458:(in Polish). 4457: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4423: 4419: 4416:(in Polish). 4415: 4414:Giganci Nauki 4411: 4404: 4401: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4368: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4337: 4332: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4308: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4224: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4065:Zinc Handbook 4060: 4057: 4054: 4053:0-7818-0169-9 4050: 4044: 4041: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3923: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3813: 3800: 3797:(in Polish). 3796: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3691: 3688: 3680: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3395: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3315: 3312:. June 2016. 3311: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3189: 3176: 3173:(in Polish). 3172: 3168: 3161: 3158: 3145: 3142:(in Polish). 3141: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3051: 3048: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2920: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2861: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2830: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2784: 2780: 2779:oac.cdlib.org 2776: 2770: 2767: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2645: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2600:. CRC Press. 2599: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:"Marie Curie" 2470: 2467: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2430: 2428:9781524596644 2424: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2371: 2368:(in Polish). 2367: 2363: 2356: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2317: 2313: 2312:thelancet.com 2309: 2306:Talha Burki. 2302: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2267: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2240:(5): 1971–5. 2239: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2185: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2133:List of Poles 2131: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2106:in the world. 2105: 2101: 2098:: creator of 2097: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2033:Kangchenjunga 2030: 2029:Mount Everest 2026: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001:Polish-Jewish 1998: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940:Edward Teller 1937: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:Jacek Trzmiel 1879: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1865:who invented 1864: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1736:Abraham Stern 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700:galvanisation 1697: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1653:in the world. 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1551:, before the 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1387:surgical mask 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1273:kerosene lamp 1270: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1236:Gasherbrum IV 1233: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194:out of which 1193: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137:polio vaccine 1134: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1101:allied forces 1098: 1094: 1093:Józef Kosacki 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010:: pioneer in 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 977: 974: 970: 967: 964: 960: 956: 952: 949: 948: 944: 939: 935: 934:Józef Hofmann 932: 931: 927: 922: 918: 915: 912: 908: 904: 901: 898: 894: 891: 888: 884: 880: 879:tumor viruses 876: 873: 870: 866: 863: 862: 858: 853: 849: 845: 842: 839: 836: 832: 829: 826: 822: 821:Edward Flatau 819: 816: 812: 809: 805: 801: 798: 797: 793: 788: 784: 781: 780: 776: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 752: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736:Jarosław Duda 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 715: 712: 709: 705: 704:Marian Danysz 702: 701: 697: 692: 691:semiconductor 688: 684: 680: 677: 674: 670: 669:endocrinology 666: 662: 659: 656: 655: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 631: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603:radioactivity 600: 597: 596: 592: 587: 583: 580: 576: 572: 569: 567:in the world. 566: 562: 559: 556: 552: 549: 546: 542: 538: 535: 532: 529: 525: 522: 519: 518:Mongol Empire 515: 511: 508: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 478: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 449: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 429:Stefan Banach 427: 424: 420: 417: 416: 412: 407: 406:meteorologist 403: 399: 396: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 370: 367: 363: 359: 355: 352: 349: 345: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 327: 323: 318: 314: 310: 303: 300: 296: 292: 285: 281: 275: 271: 267: 263: 256: 252: 248: 247:cryptologists 244: 240: 236: 235:Jerzy Różycki 232: 228: 221: 217: 213: 206: 202: 197: 190: 189:polio vaccine 186: 182: 175: 171: 167: 160: 156: 152: 148: 141: 137: 133: 126: 122: 118: 111: 107: 103: 102:radioactivity 99: 95: 88: 84: 83:Stefan Banach 80: 73: 69: 65: 63: 59: 55: 54: 50: 40: 36: 32: 28: 24: 20: 16: 5316: 5265:Puerto Rican 5200:Indus Valley 5095:South Africa 5046:explorations 4815:. 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Index


Nicolaus Copernicus
astronomer
Earth
universe
Jan Matejko
inventors
discoverers
Poland
heritage

Henryk Arctowski

Stefan Banach
functional analysis

Maria Skłodowska-Curie
radioactivity
radium
polonium

Napoleon Cybulski
adrenaline

Jan Czochralski
Czochralski method

Drzewiecki
Central Naval Museum
Saint Petersburg

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