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479:, the second-in-command of the expedition. Besides publishing, he presented lectures on the expedition, both in Belgium and abroad. On a lecture tour in London he met the American actress and opera singer Arian Jane Addy, whom he married in March 1909. During this period he obtained the Belgian nationality. Around that time it was mentioned (including in letters by Ernest Shackleon) that he was considering another Antarctic expedition, but this did not take place.
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382:, after which he returned to Poland, where he continued a prolific academic career, having even declined an offer to become Minister of Education. At the time World War II broke out, Arctowski and his wife were in America, and they were unable to return; he spent the final part of his career working as a researcher at the
433:. Upon completion in 1893, he returned to Liège where he worked in the laboratory of professor Spring in the chemistry department until 1869. In 1893, to emphasize his Polishness, Artzt asked the Belgian government for permission to change his name to Arctowski.
513:. In 1939 he traveled with his wife to the United States to attend a conference of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, when the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany invaded Poland. They never managed to return to Poland and lost all their possessions.
60:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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Living in exile for a large part of his life, Arctowski was educated in
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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and continued doing research until his death, even when he was obliged to resign in 1950 due to an illness. He died in
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Naar
Antarctica - Belgen en Nederlanders op Expeditie naar de Zuidpool
2019:
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His name has been given to a phenomenon in which a halo resembling a
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for "studies in solar physics and solar-terrestrial relationships."
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through the Henryk
Arctowski Fund, awarded every two years by the
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In 1920 he returned to newly independent Poland. Prime minister
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792:The Polish Antarctic Station "Henryk Arctowski"
3993:Expatriates from the Russian Empire in Germany
757:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
78:accompanying your translation by providing an
44:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
3998:Expatriates from the Russian Empire in France
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511:International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
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638:Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station
604:Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station
447:In 1895 he applied to participate in the
395:Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station
370:, and became an internationally renowned
3877:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
359:, was a Polish scientist and explorer.
3452:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
654:
3928:Members of the Lwów Scientific Society
4013:Polish emigrants to the United States
727:"Henryk Arctowski, expert on weather"
350:
7:
130:Arctowski in Washington, March, 1940
4003:Expatriates from the Russian Empire
3238:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1435:Norse colonization of North America
429:, and chemistry and geology at the
393:Several geographical features, the
2767:United States Exploring Expedition
783:Works by or about Henryk Arctowski
705:. Poles in America Foundation, inc
346:(15 July 1871 – 21 February 1958;
339:Warsaw grave of Arctowski and wife
90:{{Translated|pl|Henryk Arctowski}}
14:
3841:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3209:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
3735:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3128:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
23:
3943:Polish people of German descent
3983:New York Public Library people
352:[ˈxɛnrɨkart͡sˈtɔfskʲi]
88:You may also add the template
1:
3114:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3049:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
413:Henryk Arctowski was born in
16:Polish scientist and explorer
3978:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
3471:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3287:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3093:French Antarctic Expeditions
3023:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2909:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1027:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
615:National Academy of Sciences
473:Royal Observatory of Belgium
449:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
443:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
437:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
403:National Academy of Sciences
368:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
260:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2556:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2235:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1100:Andrée's balloon expedition
673:(in Dutch). Tielt: Lannoo.
606:, is also named after him.
461:Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski
101:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
4034:
3988:University of Paris alumni
1757:Franklin's lost expedition
1457:Christian IV's expeditions
697:Pinkowski, Edward (2009).
609:His widow established the
517:Exile in the United States
440:
52:Machine translation, like
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2111:Great Northern Expedition
1787:Rae–Richardson expedition
987:British Arctic Expedition
851:
847:
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669:Verlinden, Jozef (2009).
475:, at that time headed by
329:
273:
236:Polish, Belgian, American
214:52.2613884°N 20.9543115°E
191:Powązki Military Cemetery
123:
38:the corresponding article
3968:Poland and the Antarctic
3395:British Antarctic Survey
3389:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2634:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
507:Jan Kazimierz University
316:Jan Kazimierz University
3948:Explorers of Antarctica
3871:Pole of inaccessibility
3534:Antarctic Treaty System
1875:2nd Grinnell expedition
736:. AP. February 23, 1958
484:New York Public Library
321:Smithsonian Institution
311:New York Public Library
99:For more guidance, see
4008:Expatriates in Belgium
3963:Scientists from Warsaw
624:named its survey ship
340:
219:52.2613884; 20.9543115
4018:Polish meteorologists
3958:Polish oceanographers
3541:Transglobe Expedition
3440:Operation Deep Freeze
2849:Challenger expedition
1715:Coppermine expedition
1236:Drifting ice stations
493:in New York in 1920.
467:Brussels and New York
441:Further information:
348:Polish pronunciation:
338:
72:copyright attribution
3711:South magnetic pole
2377:Brusilov expedition
1486:Danish colonization
924:North magnetic pole
703:The Pinkowski Files
699:"Arctowski, Henryk"
598:(Arctowski glacier)
566:Arctowski Peninsula
427:University of Liège
376:Polish independence
306:University of Liège
249:Sorbonne University
245:University of Liège
210: /
3402:Operation Windmill
3383:Operation Highjump
2358:Rusanov expedition
2263:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2007:North East Passage
1811:McClure expedition
527:Bethesda, Maryland
491:The Explorers Club
388:Bethesda, Maryland
341:
176:Bethesda, Maryland
80:interlanguage link
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3369:Operation Tabarin
3231:Far Eastern Party
3077:Nimrod Expedition
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2147:M. Pronchishcheva
2069:Siberian Cossacks
1538:Northwest Passage
871:Research stations
828:Polar exploration
755:"Arctowski Medal"
680:978-90-209-8613-6
571:Arctowski Nunatak
489:Arctowski joined
457:Frederick A. Cook
366:, as part of the
333:
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275:Scientific career
168:February 21, 1958
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2533:
2532:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2011:Russian Arctic
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1446:Snæbjörn galti
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
954:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
881:Farthest North
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
845:
844:
839:
832:
831:
826:
824:
823:
816:
809:
801:
795:
794:
789:
778:
777:External links
775:
772:
771:
746:
734:New York Times
715:
686:
679:
653:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
640:
633:
630:
600:
599:
596:Arctowskibreen
593:
579:
578:
576:Arctowski Peak
573:
568:
563:
561:Arctowski Cove
558:
556:Arctowski Dome
534:
531:
518:
515:
498:
495:
468:
465:
453:Roald Amundsen
438:
435:
410:
407:
331:
330:
327:
326:
324:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
300:
296:
295:
282:
278:
277:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
256:
255:Known for
252:
251:
242:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
227:
226:
194:
187:
185:
181:
180:
174:
172:(aged 86)
166:
162:
161:
158:Russian Empire
148:
137:
133:
132:
129:
121:
120:
117:
110:
109:
105:
104:
97:
86:
64:
61:
50:
47:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4030:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Polish exiles
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
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3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
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3786:
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3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:
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3769:
3766:
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3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
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3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
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3715:
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3713:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
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3679:
3675:
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3669:
3665:
3661:
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3656:
3655:
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3647:
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3642:
3641:
3636:
3632:
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3628:
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3626:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
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3601:
3597:
3594:
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3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
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3561:
3557:
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3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:Discovery Hut
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:A. Sibiryakov
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:Glavsevmorput
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1798:J. Richardson
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:M. Corte-Real
1558:
1556:
1555:G. Corte-Real
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:C. Richardson
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:Georgiy Sedov
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Riiser-Larsen
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
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299:Institutions
285:oceanography
274:
170:(1958-02-21)
76:edit summary
67:
35:
3938:1958 deaths
3933:1871 births
3560:Lake Vostok
3510:Tryoshnikov
3432:Schlossbach
3323:Christensen
3265:James Caird
3186:E. R. Evans
2952:Dobrowolski
2922:de Gerlache
2624:Expeditions
2510:Aviaarktika
2464:Samoylovich
2335:Kolomeitsev
2229:Middendorff
2189:Gedenshtrom
1609:I. Fyodorov
1371:Chilingarov
1259:E. Fyodorov
866:Expeditions
628:after him.
622:Polish Navy
583:Spitsbergen
523:Smithsonian
419:Württemberg
384:Smithsonian
233:Nationality
217: /
3922:Categories
3783:Terra Nova
3688:Shackleton
3631:J. C. Ross
3590:Resolution
3580:South Pole
3355:New Swabia
3279:Mackintosh
3251:Shackleton
3170:Terra Nova
3163:Terra Nova
2897:Heroic Age
2857:Challenger
2817:J. C. Ross
2727:Bransfield
2659:Resolution
2574:icebreaker
2538:Chelyuskin
2279:expedition
2257:Expedition
2199:Matyushkin
2157:Kh. Laptev
2152:Chelyuskin
2046:Heemskerck
2036:Chancellor
2031:Willoughby
2026:Koch boats
1969:Stefansson
1903:McClintock
1867:Inglefield
1709:J. C. Ross
1616:Resolution
1468:Cunningham
1366:Sagalevich
1055:expedition
1014:Stephenson
974:C. F. Hall
961:expedition
935:J. C. Ross
898:Heemskerck
885:North Pole
765:2013-04-19
740:2013-04-19
709:2013-04-19
649:References
549:Antarctica
503:Paderewski
409:Early life
378:after the
364:Antarctica
293:geophysics
205:20°57′16″E
202:52°15′41″N
142:1871-07-15
3882:Tolstikov
3668:Discovery
3638:HMS
3623:HMS
3605:Adventure
3603:HMS
3588:HMS
3524:Tolstikov
3245:Endurance
3030:Antarctic
3015:Drygalski
2988:Discovery
2981:Discovery
2942:Arctowski
2855:HMS
2828:HMS
2822:Abernethy
2810:HMS
2788:USS
2775:Vincennes
2773:USS
2753:Astrolabe
2693:San Telmo
2674:Adventure
2672:HMS
2657:HMS
2652:Kerguelen
2614:Continent
2599:Antarctic
2476:Urvantsev
2434:Vilkitsky
2287:Jeannette
2285:USS
2277:Jeannette
2241:Weyprecht
2219:Pakhtusov
2169:Chichagov
2162:D. Laptev
2105:Permyakov
2080:Stadukhin
2075:Perfilyev
2052:Mangazeya
1990:H. Larsen
1955:Rasmussen
1910:HMS
1881:USS
1830:HMS
1817:HMS
1781:Collinson
1771:HMS
1763:HMS
1741:HMS
1689:HMS
1674:HMS
1659:HMS
1644:Mackenzie
1631:Discovery
1629:HMS
1614:HMS
1586:Discovery
1565:Frobisher
1528:Rasmussen
1441:Gunnbjörn
1387:Greenland
1316:USS
1307:USS
1179:Ellsworth
1121:Roosevelt
1051:Nansen's
1008:Discovery
1006:HMS
993:HMS
940:Abernethy
908:Marmaduke
94:talk page
40:in Polish
3894:A. Fuchs
3851:V. Fuchs
3831:McKinley
3794:E. Evans
3753:Bjaaland
3748:Amundsen
3698:Marshall
3611:Furneaux
3463:V. Fuchs
3427:E. Ronne
3422:F. Ronne
3361:Ritscher
3215:SY
3203:Filchner
3147:Framheim
3141:Amundsen
2947:Racoviță
2932:Amundsen
2927:Lecointe
2796:Ringgold
2790:Porpoise
2680:Furneaux
2516:Shevelev
2471:Begichev
2450:Amundsen
2412:Nagórski
2390:Brusilov
2384:Sv. Anna
2298:Melville
2268:Palander
2224:Tsivolko
2184:Sannikov
2179:Billings
2122:Chirikov
2041:Barentsz
1983:St. Roch
1974:Bartlett
1948:Amundsen
1932:Sverdrup
1832:Resolute
1721:Franklin
1649:Kotzebue
1516:Sverdrup
1499:Scoresby
1473:Lindenov
1324:Plaisted
1309:Nautilus
1254:Shirshov
1228:Belyakov
1223:Baydukov
1197:Nautilus
1159:Amundsen
1119:SS
1078:Sverdrup
1073:Johansen
1043:Brainard
1038:Lockwood
893:Barentsz
632:See also
533:Tributes
477:Lecointe
431:Sorbonne
355:), born
193:, Warsaw
70:provide
3899:Messner
3846:Hillary
3826:Balchen
3774:Polheim
3768:Wisting
3646:Crozier
3618:Weddell
3596:J. Cook
3566:Kapitsa
3547:Fiennes
3489:Klenova
3458:Hillary
3408:Ketchum
3334:BANZARE
3309:·
3154:Polheim
3120:Shirase
3106:Charcot
2916:Belgica
2835:Crozier
2747:Morrell
2742:Weddell
2720:Lazarev
2665:J. Cook
2619:History
2569:Arktika
2545:Krassin
2530:Voronin
2502:Schmidt
2488:Ushakov
2427:Vaygach
2395:Albanov
2364:Rusanov
2345:Kolchak
2340:Matisen
2314:Makarov
2293:De Long
2194:Wrangel
2174:Lyakhov
2127:Malygin
2085:Dezhnev
1912:Pandora
1883:Advance
1850:Kennedy
1845:Belcher
1838:Kellett
1825:McClure
1749:Beechey
1743:Blossom
1736:Simpson
1704:Crozier
1697:Hoppner
1654:J. Ross
1622:J. Cook
1570:Gilbert
1463:J. Hall
1429:Ingólfr
1419:Naddodd
1413:Vikings
1400:Brendan
1395:Pytheas
1383:Iceland
1337:Arktika
1329:Herbert
1294:Badygin
1264:Krenkel
1249:Papanin
1218:Chkalov
1204:Wilkins
1169:Wisting
1113:F. Cook
1019:Markham
979:Bessels
968:Polaris
959:Polaris
930:J. Ross
913:Carolus
861:History
785:at the
539:rainbow
401:of the
289:geology
92:to the
74:in the
3809:Bowers
3804:Wilson
3763:Hassel
3758:Helmer
3727:Mackay
3717:Mawson
3682:Nimrod
3640:Terror
3625:Erebus
3552:Burton
3347:Rymill
3223:Mawson
3217:Aurora
3196:Lashly
3181:Wilson
3084:Nimrod
3061:Scotia
2868:Murray
2843:Cooper
2830:Terror
2812:Erebus
2781:Wilkes
2732:Palmer
2700:Vostok
2647:Bouvet
2571:-class
2551:Gakkel
2419:Taymyr
2400:Konrad
2369:Kuchin
2307:Yermak
2214:Lavrov
2132:Ovtsyn
2117:Bering
2095:Ivanov
2058:Hudson
2020:Pomors
1997:Cowper
1962:Karluk
1861:Isabel
1855:Bellot
1805:Austin
1773:Terror
1765:Erebus
1661:Griper
1637:Clerke
1597:Baffin
1580:Hudson
1511:Nansen
1424:Garðar
1345:Barneo
1212:ANT-25
1188:Italia
1164:Nobile
1133:Henson
1092:Amedeo
1068:Nansen
1033:Greely
903:Hudson
841:Arctic
677:
415:Warsaw
397:and a
281:Fields
266:Spouse
150:Warsaw
3889:Crary
3836:Dufek
3799:Oates
3789:Scott
3722:David
3703:Adams
3674:Barne
3495:Mirny
3484:Somov
3294:Quest
3191:Crean
3176:Scott
3055:Bruce
3009:Gauss
3002:Gauss
2876:Jason
2863:Nares
2737:Davis
2714:Mirny
2687:Smith
2642:Roché
2562:Lenin
2482:Sadko
2407:Wiese
2352:Sedov
2323:Zarya
2246:Payer
2209:Litke
2204:Anjou
2137:Minin
2100:Vagin
2090:Popov
2063:Poole
1918:Young
1731:Dease
1676:Hecla
1667:Parry
1592:Bylot
1575:Davis
1550:Cabot
1523:Peary
1505:Jason
1492:Egede
1406:Papar
1318:Skate
1299:Wiese
1279:NP-37
1272:NP-36
1152:Norge
1140:Sedov
1128:Peary
1086:Jason
1001:Nares
995:Alert
950:Hayes
918:Parry
856:Ocean
730:(PDF)
423:Liège
399:medal
54:DeepL
3821:Byrd
3742:Fram
3693:Wild
3375:Marr
3341:BGLE
3328:Byrd
3256:Wild
3135:Fram
2937:Cook
2458:AARI
2443:Maud
2330:Toll
2255:Vega
1941:Gjøa
1926:Fram
1889:Kane
1726:Back
1691:Fury
1682:Lyon
1604:Munk
1243:NP-1
1145:Byrd
1062:Fram
1053:Fram
945:Kane
675:ISBN
620:The
455:and
165:Died
136:Born
68:must
66:You
3518:3rd
3504:2nd
3478:1st
3311:IGY
3307:IPY
1897:Fox
1793:Rae
1359:Mir
1335:NS
585::
581:In
551::
547:In
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